Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
ON
AGNES BALDWIN.
REPRlNTED FROM
THE AMERlCAN JOURNAL
1909.
OF NUMlSMATlCS.
c-
--
AGNES BALDWlN
el
INTRODUCTION.
HE
is
is
re
Greek world.
tive, in many widely separated places, in the Aegean Islands and on the
is
It
the Italian and Sicilian artists grappled with the new problem of perspective,
few
and wrought masterpieces excelling in every detail the work of all but
mints, but much laborious
artists in an earlier period.
experimenting
FACING
HEADS ON GREEK
COINS.
is,
of skill
a
it
a
is
it
it
is
the device
quite stereotyped, and while the details of style are varying here
as elsewhere, the only variations which are of interest in this connection are
sphragistics
is
it
the greater
is,
It
it
it
It
human head was the apotropaic impulse, the averting of the evil eye.
to
seems to me that this theory has been somewhat overworked in forcing
account for so simple
phenomenon as the occurrence of the facing head.
In order to prove the evolution of that type from the Gorgon head,
is
are given
at the
is
antiques."
n profile,
COINS.
or full-
The most archaic coins show the head in full-front view, for they belong
" frontal "
to the period when, in sculpture, the statues were all of the so-called
a
is,
For
body and head together were in
single median plane.
type, that
the most part, during the post-archaic period, the head slightly to the left or
to the right was preferred to the full-front.
2.
Uncertain
Obv. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
3.
his view
I, I,
1.
full-front
OF FACING TYPES.
CATALOGUE
is
if
Obv. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Drachm.
(One-fifth less than actual size.)
Drachm.
Num. Chron., 1899, Pl. XVI,
Drachm.
Drachm.
5.
6. 5.
7.
4 3
Obv. Beardless
4.
I, I, I,
XXVIII,
seriousness.
a
(Asia Minor
Obv. Head of
Satyr, facing full-front, with
600-500 B. C.
Babelon,
Trait, Pl.
globulous eyes, moustache en croc, and wearing ivy-wreath.
?)
8.
flat nose,
is
is
it
15.
XVI,
7.
I,
I,
g.
is,
if
I,
is
it
i,
is
This coin, which formed part of find of archaic coins made in Egypt,
much later
one
than the others from the same find (cf. our Plate
may judge by the style,
5),
What the head
and the fact that
must
represented in three-quarter view.
remain uncertain.
is
The reference
to plate
and number.
and
I,
Colophon,
13.
laurel wreath.
59
HEADS ON GREEK
FACING
COINS.
X,
13.
15.
16.
r.
17.
elongated,
18.
Ibid., Pl.
facing full-front, with short, parted locks.
Tetartemorion. I, 16
Obv. Head of Apollo, three-quarter-face to r. Ibid., Pl. X, 15.
Tetartemorion.
Phistelia, c. 470 B. C. Obv. Beardless and neckless male head, facing slightly to
Obol. I, 60
Treasure of Auriol, c. 470 B. C. Obv. Beardless and neckless head very much
Obv. Head of Apollo,
LXXXV,
LXXXV,
Obol.
Hemiobol.
There is a certain family likeness between the coins found at Auriol and the Phis
telia head, especially No. 33 (pp. cit.).
The long nose and small mouth are the charac
B. C.
to /.
Brit. Mus.
21.
de
Stratus,
22.
Cat., Pl.
Segesta,
c. 450
c. 420
III,
XXIX,
B. C.
Segcsta,
four. Inter.
Litra.
facing full-front.
22.
415-409 B. C.
Segesta,
three-quarter-face
to /.
Litra.
Litra.
25.
26.
23.
24.
Tetrobol.
Rev. Similar.
I,
I,
I,
I,
14
15
Tetrobol.
Tetrobol.
Tetrobol.
Rev. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
Rev. Similar.
These three heads, taken with the two preceding, show a gradual progression
the narrow three-quarters which
On Nos.
I,
I,
I,
12
10
from
wide three-quar
managed
very skillfully.
30.
Rev. Similar.
Tetrobol.
I,
13
HEADS ON GREEK
FACING
It
COINS.
is the reverses of these Arcadian coins, which were issued at Heraea during
the
The obverses
with the seated figure of Zeus are likewise treated with remarkable freedom, some of the
figures being actually seen from the back, and a seated, facing Zeus (with head in pro
Catana, 415-403 B. C.
32.
horns
and loose locks.
with short
I,
/.,
file) occurs.
17
I, I,
is
/.,
I,
/.,
/.
I, I,
/.
;
Obv. Similar.
in floating locks,
to
Obv. Head of river-god Amenanos, three-quarter-face
34.
Drachm.
Below, the signature XOl [Choirion].
diadem.
20
Obv.
Similar.
Drachm.
21
35.
B.
C.
Obv.
Head
of
Syracuse,
to
three-quarter-face
river-god Anapos (?),
345-317
36.
Hemidrachm.
24
B.
C.
Uncertain
c.
Obv.
Bearded
head
of
Heracles, facing slightly
(Sicily?),
415
39.
in lion's scalp with floating locks.
Rev. Bow and quiver.
ARA
Num. Chron.,
to
Num.,
Pl.
Drachm.
1887,
1871, Pl. VI,
Zeit.f.
25
I,
seen in profile.
I,
5.
quite suggestive
similar manner
that
is,
of the lion's
is
7
;
I,
/.,
...
the
coins.1
The style
vigorous and
and
the
one
of
It seems, therefore, to belong
expression
somewhat severe,
quiet dignity.
The reverse
to the last quarter of the Fifth century . .
not found on Sicilian
is
is
is
40.
Thebes, 426-395 B. C.
Obv. Bearded
head
of
Heracles,
facing full-front,
lion's scalp.
Stater.
with
I,
it
22
/.,
I,
Cyprus, Evagoras
410-374 B. C. Obv. Head of young Heracles, three-quarter41.
Head's Guide, Pl. 20, 41. B. M. C., Pl. XI, 13.
in lion's scalp.
face to
AV
One-quarter
Stater.
Evans,
5.
/.,
in
/.,
1,
1
:
in
in lion's scalp.
After 138 B. C. Obv. Similar. Ibid., Pl. XVI, 12.
&
44.
B.
C.
of
Heracles,
Tarentum,
c.
Obv.
Head
to
in
facing
slightly
young
350
45.
Diobol.
Ibid., p. 205 350.
lion's scalp.
Heraclea Pontica, 353-347 B. C. Obv. Head of young Heracles, three-quarter-face
46.
Ibid., Pl. XXX, 2.
Bon's scalp.
to
15 [Heracleidas].
Obv. Similar.
49.
Obv. Similar.
50.
Obv. Similar.
51.
53.
Cyzicus, 450-400 B. C.
Obv. Beardless
to r., in triple-crested
Stater.
54.
represented
Velia,
55.
helmet, on which
(male
full-front,
facing
wearing
B. C.
EL
facing slightly to
KAEYAQPOY [Kleudoros].
Stater.
32
of which the
helmet
in profile.
c. 350
31
helmet.
EL
head,
29
30
to r., laureate.
EL
is
crest
In field r.,
wearing laurel wreath.
Tetradrachm.
27
Tetradrachm.
28
Tetradrachm.
Tetradrachm.
?)
52.
full-front, wearing
a
Tetradrachm. I. 26
I, I, I, I,
Obv.
facing
Stater.
in
triple-crested
Didrachm.
Didrachm.
I, I,
Head of Apollo,
/.,
48.
Obv.
I,
Catana, 420-405 B. C.
47.
wreath of oak leaves.
By Choirion.
COINS.
I,
HEADS ON GREEK
/.,
FACING
33
67.
68.
Heraclea, 380-300 B. C.
Obv. Similar.
70.
71.
69.
72.
73.
74.
Obv. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Tarentum, 400-272 B. C.
Obv. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
76.
77.
Lesbos,
78.
Obv.
Vet.
Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Morgantia, 420-400 B. C.
75.
Obv. Similar.
440-350 B. C.
Obv. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Tabulae, Pl.
Stater.
Didrachm.
Didrachm.
Didrachm.
Didrachm.
CLXIII,
48
44
45
46
47
58, 59.
Drachm.
Drachm.
Diobol.
Diobol.
Diobol.
Litra.
EL
EL
43
Hecte.
Hecte.
49
50
51
1,52
I, I, I,
66.
I, I, I, I, I,
AV
crested helmet.
I, I, I, I,
/.
I, I, I. I, I, I, I, I,
/.,
in
Obv. Similar.
34
c. 409 B. C.
Obv. Head of Athena, facing slightly to
Syracuse,
triple-crested
57.
helmet, on which EYKAEIAA [Eukleidas].
Tetradrachm.
37
Drachm.
Obv.
Similar.
58.
35
Obv. Similar.
Drachm.
59.
36
Obv. Similar, head somewhat more to
60.
Hemidrachm.
38
Obv. Similar.
61.
Hemidrachm.
39
345-317 B. C. Obv. Similar.
62.
Hemidrachm.
40
Similar.
Obv.
Hemidrachm.
41
63.
Obv. Similar.
Hemidrachm.
64.
42
c.
B.
C.
of
to
in
Athena,
Lampsacus,
Obv.
Head
r.,
three-quarter-face
triple350
65.
56.
53
54
55
Apollo (and Helios) and Athena are the deities most frequently chosen for facing
types, who together with Zeus, appear to have been the gods most worshipped in Greek
cities.
The great Olympian occurs as
facing type only under the form of Zeus
is
Ammon except on late coin of Epirus (No. 170). Nos. 47-52 are the earliest Apollo
heads known, No. 47 being exceptional in having an oak wreath in place of the tradi
It full-face like the oldest facing types, and quite severe, but won
tional laurel.
If
had maintained
FACING
HEADS ON GREEK
COINS.
the high level of beauty reached in this masterpiece, his later head
nanos
No.
the
river-god Ame-
head
among facing types is probably the Cyzicene stater, No. 53 : it is at any rate very awk
ward and unpleasing.
The Velia head of Athena, No. 55, is, in my opinion, second in
the
to
The face is so full
beauty
Syracusan Athena by Eukleidas, an unrivalled work.
Obv. Head of
nymph, three-quarter-face
to
Obol.
56
I,
to r.
Obv. Head of
nymph, three-quarter-face
EL Hecte. (Somewhat enlarged in plate.)
58
Obv. Head of nymph, facing somewhat to r., hair rolled. Rev. Num., 1897,
81.
EL Hecte.
Pl. VIII, 8.
82.
Mytilene, 440-400 B. C. Obv. Head of
nymph, facing full-front, hair bound
with
riband.
Num. Chron., 1896, Pl. VII, 9.
to r.
Obv. Head of nymph Cyrene, three-quarter-face
Cyrene, 431-321 B. C.
83.
Trihemiobol.
Head, Hist. Num., p. 729.
80.
Lesbos, 440-350 B. C.
I,
440-400 B. C.
Mytilene,
/.
79.
it,
of expression, the head so gracefully set on the curving neck, that for pure grace it is
only equalled by the Syracusan hemidrachms Nos. 60-64. The Athena of Eukleidas,
Nos. 57-59, is distinguished for Pheidian majesty, and can hardly be excelled : compared
with
the Heraclean and Tarentine heads are formal and uninteresting.
86.
87.
88.
89.
I,
/.
;
1
2
on ampyx,
AV TV Stater.
Obv. Head of nymph Cyrene, three-quarter-face to r.
57
Syracuse, 409-367 B. C. Obv. Head of nymph Arethusa, facing slightly to
KIMON (Kimon).
Tetradrachm. II,
Obv. Similar.
Tetradrachm. II,
Obv. Similar.
II,
JR. Tetradrachm.
Obv. Similar.
Drachm. II,
85.
84.
Obv. Similar.
Drachm. II,
Obv. Head of the nymph Camarina, three-quarter Drachm.
B. M. C.,
20.
face to
37
Syracuse, 409-367 B. C. Obv. Head of nymph Arethusa, three-quarter-face to
91.
Oncia. II,
II,
Obv. Similar. By Kimon or Phrygillos.
92.
Larissa, 400-344 B. C. Obv. Head of the nymph Larissa, three-quarter-face to
93.
96.
97.
98.
99.
1oo.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
Obv. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
II,
95.
Didrachm.
Didrachm.
Didrachm.
Drachm.
Drachm.
Drachm.
Drachm.
Drachm.
Drachm.
Drachm.
Drachm.
Drachm.
Drachm.
H,
II,
II,
94.
1
1
/.
p.
/.
90.
II,
II,
II,
II,
II,
II,
II,
II,
II,
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
1 06.
Tarsus
HEADS ON GREEK
Satrap
(Cilicia),
COINS.
378-372 B. C.
Datmes,
VI,
25.
08.
Obv. Similar.
109.
Obv. Similar.
Motya, 405-397 B. C.
115.
Himera,
Pl.
II,
Stater.
/.,
FACING
10
21
1898,
II,
II,
Obol.
22
23
7.
117.
118.
Hemilitron.
nymph, three-quarter-face
to
II,
II,
II,
Litra.
Litra.
Litra.
Obv. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Kimon's Are
from
copied
/.
Obv. Head of
26
27
28
thusa.
B. C.
Hemidrachm.
c. 409
series of heads
is
" Certain coinages of Sicily and Thessaly evidently owe their inspiration to this head, while two
successive satraps of Kilikia about 380 B. C., utterly regardless of local harmony, transported to the
east of the Mediterranean the gracious fountain-nymph of Syracuse, who now however amid
extreme
one of her dis
the uncongenial surroundings of Tarsos has lost all that soft, gentle radiance, which
tinguishing charms in Ortygia."
Frank
A.J.
JV.,
XXXVI,
p.
69.
is
Mr. Evans, in his book on Syracusan Medallions, writes that the head on the
coins of Naples (Nos. 742, 743) appears to be anterior to Kimon's head, and was pos
indeed superior to that of
sibly from his hand. The style of the Neapolitan coins
should be inclined to
many of the facing heads of Magna Graecia, and at first glance
agree with
because
of the
is
is
seen.
more like the drachms just mentioned than any other stater of that city
have
The Larissa heads (Nos. 93-105) undergo
gradual debasement, ending with a
is
which
have an individual
B.
119.
Eryx,
120.
124.
Gela, 415-350 B. C.
e. 420
COINS.
C.
Didrachm.
Obv. Similar. B. M. C., p. 62 : 4.
Litra.
Anactorium, 350-300 B. C. Rev. Head of the nymph Akiias, three-quarter-face
121.
to r. Ibid., Pl. XXXI, 7.
Drachm.
Leucas, 400-330 B. C. Obv. Head of the nymph (Leukas), three-quarter-face
122.
to
Drachm.
r. Ibid., Pl. XXXVII, 4.
Corinth, 400-338 B. C. Obv. Head of a nymph, facing slightly to /. Ibid., Pl.
123.
V,
15.
Head of
a nymph, three-quarter
Hemidrachm.
Hill, Sicily, Fig.
face to r.
30.
&
Laus, 400-350 B. C. Obv. Head of a nymph (?), facing slightly to /. Jour. Inter.
125.
B.
III.
C.
Obv.
Similar.
Pl.
Ibid.,
300-190
3.
127.
Obv. Similar, three-quarter-face to /. Ibid., Pl. IlI, 4.
128.
to
Sinope, 333-306 B. C. Obv. Head of the nymph Sinope, three-quarter-face
129.
/.
Ibid., Pl.
XXII,
IQ.
wreath of rushes.
Jour. Inter. de Num., 1908, Pl. V, .
to
wearing
Mesma, 400-300 B. C. Obv. Head of
Ibid.,
spring-nymph, facing full-front.
133.
1908, PI.
38.
Chalis, 369-336 B. C. Obv. Head of
nymph, facing slightly to r., wearing
134.
B. M. C., Pl. XX, 15.
I,
/.,
5,6.
Obv. Head of
nymph or goddess,
Cyprus (Pnytagoras?),
351-322 B. C.
136.
to r. Jour. Inter. de Num., 1904, Pl. XII, 8.
Rev. Similar, three-quarter-face
facing full-front.
IV, 51
B.
Female
C.
Obv.
head, facing slightly to
Metropolis (Thessaly), 400-344
137.
. M.
., Pl.
VII,
9.
/.
Ibid.,
B.
Pl.
C.
Obv. Similar.
Eurea, 300-146
139.
B.
Head
of
Bacchic
to
C.
Obv.
nymph,
three-quarter-face
Meliboea, 400-344
140.
II,
Trihemiobol.
in
hair.
grapes and vine-leaves
25
Obv. Similar. B. M. C., Pl. XXXI, 4.
141.
/.,
138.
coins
i,
M. Imhoof-Blumer
FACING
12
COINS.
B. C.
Obv. Similar.
Didrachm. II, 30
143.
Didrachm. II, 31
Phistelia, 420-415 B. C. Obv. Similar.
144.
Obv. Similar.
Didrachm. II, 32
145.
Didrachm. II, 33
Obv. Similar.
146.
Croton, 420-309 B. C. Obv. Head of Hera Lacinia, facing slightly to r., wearing
147.
Didrachm. II, 34
high stephanos ornamented with honeysuckle.
Obv. Similar.
Didrachm. II, 35
148.
Posidonia, 4th Cent. B. C. Obv. Similar. Carelli, N. I. V. T., Pl. CXXVIII, 26.
149.
Pandosia, 4th Cent. B. C. Obv. Similar. B. M. C., p. 370: 2, 3.
150.
Didrachm, Drachm, Tetrobol.
Neapolis (Lucania), 420-405 B. C. Obv. Similar. Ibid., p. 13; Carelli, N. I.
151.
Neapolis (Lucania),
142.
V. T., Pl.
420-405
to r.
quarter-face
HEADS ON GREEK
LXXII, n,
12,
Didrachm.
13.
Croton, 420-390, B. C.
152.
two griffins.
Obv.
Obv.
Obv.
Fensernia,
Similar.
Similar.
Similar.
4th Cent. B. C. Obv. Similar.
Hyria, 4th Cent. B. C. Obv. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Thurium, 4th Cent. B. C. Obv. Similar.
Phistelia, 450-400 B. C. Obv. Head of a nymph (or
153.
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
160.
to /.
Nos. 145, 146 are later copies of the earlier fine head of a nymph at Phistelia
The next
(No. 144). Nos. 147, 148 are pretty but not interesting heads of Hera.
type of Hera at Crotn (No. 152) is far better, but it degenerates into a poor style in
head
of Hera
Lacinia,
and
may be
the
prototype
of
the
others cited.
Istrus (Moesia), 400-300 B. C. Obv. Two youthful male heads (Dioscuri?), fac
161.
Drachm. II, 44
ing, side by side, one on the right inverted.
c. 400 B. C.
Obv. Similar, but heads in higher relief.
Num. Chron., 1896, Pl.
162.
VI,
Drachm.
Obv. Heads of the Dioscuri, jugate, wearing
X.
to /.
B. M. C., Pl. II, 10, n.
laureate pilei, the nearer head three-quarter-face
B.
of
Zeus
C.
Obv. Head
to
Ammon, three-quarter-face
with
Cyzicus, 450-400
164.
1.
C.
/.,
163.
165.
smaller.
166.
Lampsacus, 394-350 B. C.
Cyrene, 431-321 B. C.
Obv. Similar.
slightly to
AV
Stater.
/.
;
EL
ram's horns.
II,
46
the horns
Stater.
II,
47
168.
I3
Barce, 431-321 B. C.
167.
ram's horns.
M.
COINS.
C., p. 61 : 1.
169.
XXXIV,
JF_
Pitane, i. 350 B. C.
slightly to r.
170.
face to r.
Ibid., Pl.
JE
8.
to
II,
II,
48
50
6,
/.
4
:
Obv.
Similar.
172.
Head
of
Obv.
Pan,
to
young
three-quarter-face
173.
Similar,
Obv.
with
Ibid.,
wreath.
p.
ivy
174.
9.
/.,
This is the only head of Zeus facing (except Zeus as Ammon) known to me. Con
sidering how many times the head of Zeus in profile occurs on Greek coins, the absence
of the facing type is at least worthy of comment.
B. C.
/.,
/.
ears.
Catana, 420-405 B. C.
Hill,
Ancient Sicily, PL
Drachm.
Macedonia in
B. M.
168-146 B. C.
genere,
C., p. 14
180.
IX,
6.
II,
52
JE
55.
is
is
The hecte of Lesbos (No. 178) shows an expressive treatment of the Satyric counte
The look of animalism haunts you when you turn from the face.
nance.
Obv.
Head of Hermes,
facing slightly to
wearing
Tetradrachm. III,
86.
187.
88.
Similar.
Similar.
Similar.
Similar.
Similar.
Similar.
Head of Hermes, three-quarter-face
to r., wearing
Tetradrachm.
Tetradrachm.
Tetradrachm.
Tetradrachm.
Tetrobol.
Tetrobol.
broad petasos.
Drachm.
IlI,
III,
IlI,
III,
III,
III,
IlI,
4 3
Obv.
Obv.
Obv.
Obv.
Obv.
Obv.
Obv.
6 5
184.
185.
B. C.
7.
183.
400-350
182.
Aenus,
/.,
181.
petasos.
HEADS ON GREEK
FACING
!4
at Aenus.
COINS.
us by its bold directness and youthfulness, but there is not the breath of divinity in this
conception of the god, that is nowhere lacking in the Apollo heads.
189.
ate.
190.
191.
192.
193.
194.
19s.
Tetradrachm. III,
Similar,
head
/.
Obv.
III, n
to
r.
Tetradrachm.
Similar,
head
Obv.
Tetradrachm. IlI, 12
Obv. Similar.
Tetradrachm. III, 13
Obv. Similar.
Drachm. III, 14
Obv. Similar.
III, 15
Triobol.
Obv. Similar.
Amphipolis,
424-358 B. C.
193
It
is
190.
196.
Rhodes, 408-400 B. C.
XXVI, 1,2.
400-333 B.
197.
198.
199.
200.
201.
202.
203.
204.
205.
206.
207.
208.
Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
304-166 B. C.
209.
2IO.
211.
212.
2I3.
214.
215-
2l6.
217.
218.
219.
219.
Pl.
XXXIX
220.
C.
Obv.
Obv. Similar,
Obv. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Obv. Similar,
Obv. Similar,
Obv.
Obv.
Obv.
Obv.
Obv.
Obv.
Obv.
Obv.
Obv.
Obv.
Similar.
Similar.
Similar.
Similar.
Similar,
Similar,
Similar.
Head of Helios, facing slightly to r., without
Similar.
Similar, head to /.
189-166 B. C.
, 19-
Obv. Similar.
Didrachm.
Didrachm.
Didrachm.
Didrachm.
Drachm.
rays.
to r., radiate.
AV
Stater.
III,
III,
III,
III,
III,
III,
III,
III,
III,
III,
III,
III,
III,
III,
III,
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
2S
26
27
28
29
30
111,31
III,
32
HI,
34
III,
36
I",
"I,
HI,
III,
33
35
37
38
B. M.
l",
39
HEADS ON GREEK
FACING
COINS.
15
221.
Pl. VI,
9.
223.
224.
225.
226.
to
/.,
/.,
reate.
Tetradrachm.
Drachm.
Drachm.
Hemidrachm.
Drachm.
IV,
IV,
laureate.
IV,
IV,
23
24
25
26
is
is
228.
229.
/.
230.
I,
231.
1887, Pl.
EL
14.
Stater.
240.
/.,
241.
wearing
ment.
B. M.
369-357 B. C.
C., Pl.
X,
Obv.
to
1.
to r., wearing
Abydus, 320-200 B. C. Obv. Head of Artemis, three-quarter-face
Ibid., Pl. II, 2.
stephanos.
Munychia,
B. C.
three-quarter-face
to
/.,
238.
239.
torch.
5.
237.
Stephanos.
Pherae (Alexander),
IV,
/.,
236.
behind,
Obv. Similar.
IV,
IV,
r.
235 appears to be
No.
Obv. Similar.
Macedon (Philip II), 359-336 B. C.
234.
235.
Triobol.
Triobol.
Triobol.
6 5
/.
I,
350-280 B. C.
without
head orna
Tetradrachm.
8
Rev.
c. 197
/.
Oenoe
(Icaria),
1897,
246.
243.
I
247.
Scotussa, 300-190 B. C.
248.
Cleitor, 370-240 B. C.
COINS.
Triobol.
Triobol.
Triobol.
Obv. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Tarentum, 334-330 B. C.
249.
250.
251.
with rays.
Obv. Similar.
(Under Alexander I,
252.
253.
Obv.
of
Epirus),
c. 334
B. C.
Stater.
Stater.
AV ^
IV,
10
IV,
11
IV,
IV,
slightly to r., on
AV ^
AV ^
to /.
12
13
disk
IV,
IV,
14
IV,
16
15
/.
Stater.
Pl.
M.
C.,
B.
B.
ad
C.
Head
Apollonia
Obv.
of
Rhyndacum,
Apollo,
facing full-front,
450-330
255 Diobol.
Ibid., Pl. II, 8.
laureate.
to r., laureate.
Lesbos, 440-350 B. C. Obv. Head of Apollo, three-quarter-face
256.
Ibid., Pl.
XXI,
XXXIV,
EL
8.
Miletus, 400-350 B.
257.
8.
250-190 B.
258.
C.
Obv.
Hecte.
Ibid., Pl.
to /.
C.
Obv.
Ibid.,
/.
XXI,
17.
-:
259.
Pl.
XXII,
c. 190
B. C.
Obv.
to r., laureate.
AV
1.
Halicarnassus,
260.
Thera,
261.
262.
X,
400-377 B. C.
Obv.
Head of Apollo,
Ibid.,
Stater.
to
three-quarter-face
r.
Drachm.
5.
4th Cent. B. C.
3d and 2d Cent. B. C.
Obv. Similar.
Num. Chron.,
1890,
Pl.
XIX,
.
/.
B. M.
C.,
Pl.
13.
XXIX,
13.
^E
XI,
263.
Gortyna, 200-67 B. C.
It
Ibid., Pl.
to r.
1o.
Cf. Nos.
I), 312-280 . C.
II, 12.
I), 280-261 B. C.
Syria (Seleucus
264.
Ibid., Pl.
laureate, hair long.
265.
Ibid., Pl.
(Antiochus
IV,
Obv.
Head of Apollo,
10.
facing slightly to
/.,
218, 219.)
A\
Ai
to r.
/.
8,
/.,
267.
270.
Obv. Similar.
Ibid., Pl. V,
2.
FACING
271.
Caria (Maussolus),
HEADS ON GREEK
377-353 B. C.
273.
274.
275.
276.
277.
278.
279.
280.
281.
282.
283.
Obv. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
(Hidreus), 351-343 B. C. Obv. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
(Pixodarus), 341-335 B. C. Obv. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Obv. Similar.
Astyra,
I?
Rhodian coins.
272.
COINS.
Didrachm.
Didrachm.
Didrachm.
Didrachm.
Didrachm.
Drachm.
Drachm.
IV,
IV,
IV,
IV,
IV,
IV,
34
35
36
37
38
to r., as on earliest
Ibid., Pl. X, 5, 6.
Erythrae, 300-200 B. C. Obv. Head of Helios, facing full-front, radiate.
284.
33
c. 480
. .
IV,
Drachm.
286.
Num. Zeit.,
Lepsimandus,
III,
2d Cent. B.
Obv. Head
C.
of Helios,
facing,
Rhodian
Pl. X, 27.
Lycia (Dynast
(Telmessus), 196-189 B.
B. M. C., Pl. XVII, 9.
288.
radiate.
ate.
Patara,
c. 168
IV,
I,
25.
B. C.
Rev.
C.
46
style.
Head of
eagle
in
radiate.
r., laure
B. M.
C., Pl.
292.
3, 4.
Halicarnassus,
B.
IV,
43
C.
Etenna, c. 350 B. C.
296.
F, 18.
Gr.,
Pl.
Monn.
Imhoof-Blumer,
l S
Istrus, c. 200 B.
I, Pl. II, 25.
2960.
Blumer, Op.
C.
315-286 B. C.
slightly to
302.
303.
triple-crested
IV,
to r.,
IV,
18
21, 41
307.
308.
19
20
facing
Stater.
370-189 B. C.
304.
crested helmet.
306.
three-quarter-face
helmet.
Same.
305.
IV,
IV,
5,
/.,
301.
10.
in
300.
&
299.
Imhoof-
cit.,
Paeonia (Audoleon),
297.
in triple-crested helmet.
298.
COINS.
III,
17.
I.
/.,
helmet.
B. M. C., Pl. VII, 10.
triple-crested
B.
C.
Solus,
Ibid.,
Cent.
Obv.
Similar.
p.
4th
242
312.
B.
IV, 42
Similar,
C.
head
to
Pharsalus,
Obv.
300-190
313.
XII,
ibid.,
1st
B.
C.
Pl.
1.
Ilium,
Cent.
Obv.
Similar.
314.
Obv. Similar, head to
Ibid., 15.
315.
XXX, 10.
B.
Macdonald,
C.
Similar.
Pl.
Coll.,
Phalanna,
Obv.
Hunt.
300-200
31
I.
6.
/.
/.
5.
Coroneia,
323.
Leuce, 350-300 B. C.
Priene, 3d Cent. B. C.
324.
Soli,
Num., p.
B. M.
3240-.
(Pasikrates),
C., Pl.
325.
Pl.
XVI,
370-350
XIII,
. C.
8,
C.,
5.
B. M.
9.
to
helmeted,
facing.
c. 331
10.
B. C.
1.
Peloponnesus (Megalopolis?).
Head, Hist.
Stater.
laureate.
Obv. Head of Apollo, facing slightly to
Diobol.
Obv. Head of Athenalor.
Num. Chron., 1892,
/.,
322.
Didrachm.
VII, 16.
Ibid., Pl. XVI,
to r.
/.
321.
7,
319.
320.
318.
4.
6,
326.
in
FACING
HEADS ON GREEK
COINS.
Ig
Miletopolis, 4th Cent. B. C. Obv. Head of Athena, facing, wearing crested hel
met.
B. C.
Dionysus,
ivy
three-quarter-
Pl. CI, 4.
Thebes, 395-387 B. C. Obv. Head of bearded Dionysus, facing slightly to r.,
332.
Obv. Similar.
Stater.
B. M. C., Pl. XIV, 9.
Metapontum, 4th Cent. B. C. Obv. Head of young Dionysus, three-quarter-face
Didrachm.
Jour. Inter. de Num., 1901, Pl. VI, 16.
Syria (Seleucus I), 312-280 B. C. Obv. Similar, head horned and wreathed.
334.
ivy wreath.
wearing
333.
to /.
/.,
B. M.
C., Pl.
XXVIII,
1.
Larissa (Thessaly),
335.
Ibia., Pl. V, 12.
helmeted.
336.
Ibid., Pl.
400-344 B. C.
to
Samos, 322-205 B. C.
XXXVI,
stephanos.
4.
343.
f.
344.
Zeit.
I,
342.
7.
/.
6.
in
337.
to
of Xanthus),
/.
344.
three-quarter-face
4.
Lycia (Khri
(Pericles), 380-362 B. C.
450-410 B. C.
Stater.
Satrap,
IV,
50
B. M.
C., PL
VII,
7.
f.
/.,
HEADS ON GREEK
FACING
20
COINS.
III
347.
de la Crete,
349.
Celenderis, 2d Cent. B. C.
350.
351.
352.
353.
354.
wreath.
355.
356.
357.
358.
359.
360.
361.
Pl. XVII,
XIV,
Gorgon (?),
Obv. Head of
facing.
humanized.
Gorgon,
Svoronos,
348.
1903, Pl.
Obv. Head of
Num.
4.
Rev.
Num.,
21.
Similar.
B. C.
Obv. Similar.
Leontini, 3d Cent.
Elea,
Obv.
c. 340
52
54
55
53
c. 350
IV,
X.
veiled.
48
Ibid.,
18.
Olbia (?).
Obv. Head of a nymph (?), facing full-front, with loose locks.
Im
362.
hoof-Blumer, Antik. Mnzen, I : Pl. VIII, 4.
begin the experiment at a time when they had complete mastery of their technique, and
To illustrate the prevalence of the erroneous
reject it as unsuitable for coins.
then
[i.
impression about the Fourth Century, the following quotation from Corolla Numismtica
is given : "The style of the coin
e. Pharsalus, Pl. IX, 17] appears to me more ancient
than the date (300-190 B. C.) to which Mr. Percy Gardner ascribes it.
do not believe
the full-face or three-quarter-face heads are often found after the middle of the
that
A
I
Coius, p. 69.
COINS.
21
the contrary, the facing head, often through sheer imitation, was on the whole rather
common from the Third to the First Century.
The most archaic examples are found to be in full-front view. The characteristic
head of the Fifth and Fourth Centuries is in three-quarter or slightly to right or left of
The true full-front head, due in the archaic period to the halting hand which
full-front.
dared not essay a more difficult perspective, was not wholly neglected by the Fourth
Century engravers (cf. Nos. 167 and 175), and a goodly number of these full-front heads
occur among the late coins (cf. Nos. 207, 248, 254, 289, 292-3, 2, 324, 336, 361).
A few coins, belonging to various periods, have a facing head on both obverse and
reverse (Nos. 19, Stratus; 20, Arcarnania; 136, Cyprus; 288^, Patara, and 295, Gaza).
Among the subjects repesented are the deities Athena, Hera, Demeter (Persephone),
Artemis (Hecate), Aphrodite (?), Apollo, Hermes, Zeus (Ammon), Heracles, Dionysus and
Pan ; the Disoscuri, satyrs, nymphs and river-gods, certain heroes and a Satrap.
There
can be no question that the facing head was not regarded as apotropaic in meaning, like
the human eye placed on the prows of ships, or the Gorgoneion
on the warrior's
shield.
INDEX.
[The references are to the numbers in the preceding list.]
Abacaenum 116-118
Abydus 237-240
Acarnania 20
Aenus 181-188
Agrigentum 353
Alexandria Troas 291
Amphipolis 189-195
Anactorium
Arcadii
121
ad Ryndacum
Hyria
(Pnytagoras ?) 136
(Sidqmelek of Lapethus)
3260
255
(Heraea) 24-30
Assus 3 18
Astypalaea 267
Astyra 283
Autokane 344
Barce 167
Birytis 269, 270
Boeotia 354, 355
Camarina 31, 90
Cardia 360
Caria (Hidreus) 275, 276
(Maussolus) 271-274
(Pixodarus) 277-283
Catana 32-35, 47-51, 179
Celenderis 349
Chalis 134, 135
Clazomenae 221-226, 303
Cleitor 248-250
Colophon 13-15
Anaphe 292
Apamea Myrlea 254
Aphytis 168
Apollonia
Corinth 123
Coroneia 3 11
Himera 115
157, 158
Idyma 175
Ilium 314, 315
Istrus 161, 162, 2g6a
Lampsacus 65, 165, 176
Larisa (Troas) 345
Larissa 93-105, 335
Laus 125
Lebedus 321
Leontini 358
Lepsimandus 286
Lesbos 77, 78, 80, 81, 177, 178,
Epirus (Pyrrhus)
170
Eryx
256
Leuce 322
Leucas 122, 138
Lycia (Khri of Xanthus) 344
(Patara) 288*
119, 120
Etenna 296
Etruria42,
317, 350
Euboea 361
Eurea 139
Fensernia 156
Gaza (Judaea, Uncertain Dynast)
178*, 295
Gela 124
Gergis 131, 131
Gomphi Philippopolis
Gortyna 263, 348
Grynium 268
Gyrton 1 14
Halicarnassus 260, 293
(Pericles) 344*
of Antiphel-
(Tththivibi
126-128
lus?) 1780
(Telmessus) 2880
(Under Rhodes) 289
(Uncertain Dynast) Per
icles) 287
(Tos) 288
(Zakhaba) 326
Macedonia (in genere ) 180
(Philip II)
235
INDEX.
Macedonia (Philip V and Perseus) Parium 351
Patara 288*
3460
Meliboea 140, 141
Mesma 133
Metapontum 227-230, 290, 310,
333
Methymna 327*1
Metropolis (Thessaly) 137, 346
Miletopolis 326*
Phalanna 316
l'hars.il us 313
Pherae 132
Syracuse 36,
(Alexander) 236
Phistelia 16, 144-146, 160
Phocaea 9
Phocis 308
Miletus 257-259
Morgantia 76
Motya 109-111
Myconos 329, 330
Plataea 339
Polyrhenium 244
Posidonia 149
Myra 245
Myrina 243
Mytilene 79, 82
Neapolis (Apulia) 33 1
(Ionia) 338
Olbia
Same 304-306
Samos 336, 337
171-174
I)
265, 266
150
Thurium
Pale 307
Pandosia
Panticapaeum
Syria (Antiochus
Rhaucus 343
Rhodes 196-220
340-342
92
Proerna 112
Scepsis 330
Scotussa 113, 247
Scythia (Dynast Heles) 294
Segesta 21-23
362
Ophrynium
Sinope 129
Solus 312
Soli 324, 324*1
Stratus 19
159
232
Velia 55, 56
Uncertain.
Aegean Islands 1-7, 1l.
Asia Minor
Colophon 12
Dra. . (Sicily ?) 39
Peloponnesus (Megalopolis?) 325
Treasure of Auriol 10, 17, 18
FACING
HEADS.
1.
49
FAClNG
HEADS. ll.
50
5l
52
34
FACING
HEADS. lII.
***r.j
49
FACING
HEADS, IV.
**isa