Você está na página 1de 7

Cristbal Rengel Daz*

Artculo de

Revisin

Plan de cuidados de enfermera para


la prdida perinatal y el aborto
5(680(1

WDGDxDGLGDSDUDVXSHUDUHVWHSHULRGR

/DSpUGLGDSHULQDWDOHVFRQVLGHUDGDKR\HQGtDODVLWXDFLyQPiVGLItFLO
TXHXQDIDPLOLDVHYHDYRFDGDDDIURQWDUGXUDQWHHOHPEDUD]R(V
XQDJUDQWUDJHGLD\VXVPDQLIHVWDFLRQHVGHSHQGHQGHODFXOWXUD\HO
FXPSOLPLHQWRGHVXVULWRV6HKDREVHUYDGRHQODV~OWLPDVGpFDGDV
HQQXHVWUDVRFLHGDGXQFDPELRUDGLFDOHQODVPDQLIHVWDFLRQHVH[WHU
QDVGHOGRORUDQWHODPXHUWHGHXQVHUTXHULGR\VHJ~QORVHVWXGLRVRV
GHOWHPDHVWRVFDPELRVVXSRQHQSDUDDOJXQDVSHUVRQDVXQDGLFXO

(O REMHWLYR GH HVWH DUWtFXOR HV SURSRQHU XQ SODQ GH HQIHUPHUtD HV
WDQGDUL]DGR XQD VHULH GH UHFRPHQGDFLRQHV SDUD ORV SURIHVLRQDOHV
\RWUDVUHFRPHQGDFLRQHVDODOWDSDUDORVSDFLHQWHVTXHOHD\XGHQD
DIURQWDUGHPHMRUPDQHUDHVWDWHUULEOHVLWXDFLyQ

-XVWLFDFLyQ
/DSpUGLGDGHXQVHUTXHULGRHVXQDGHODVWUDJHGLDV
PiVJUDQGHTXHHOVHUKXPDQRGHEHVRSRUWDUGXUDQWHVX
H[LVWHQFLD(VDOJRLQHYLWDEOH'HFLUDGLyVDDOJXLHQTXH
ULGRVXSRQHXQGXURWUDQFHGLItFLOGHDVXPLUSHURGHVSH
GLUVHGHDOJXLHQTXHD~QQRKDOOHJDGRRTXHDFDEDGH
OOHJDU XQH HVWH GRORU D XQD IUXVWUDFLyQ LQPHQVD SRU OD
SpUGLGD GH ODV LOXVLRQHV DWHVRUDGDV GXUDQWH HO SURFHVR
GHJHVWDFLyQ
/DPXHUWHODSpUGLGDGHORVVHUHVTXHULGRVTXHQRV
URGHDQGHVHQFDGHQDQLQHYLWDEOHPHQWHXQDVUHDFFLRQHV
HQQXHVWURRUJDQLVPRTXHKDFHTXHWHQJDPRVTXHUH
DFFLRQDUFRQXQDVHULHGHIHQyPHQRVSDUDDGDSWDUQRV
\HVORTXHFRQRFHPRVFRPRGXHOR(VXQPHFDQLVPR
QDWXUDOGHDGDSWDFLyQDWUDYpVGHOFXDOHQFDX]DPRVHO
VXIULPLHQWR\ODSHQDTXHVHQWLPRV9DQ*HQQHS$UQROG
HQ ORV ULWRV GH SDVR GHFtD TXH HO OXWR HUD XQ HVWDGR
GHPDUJHQSDUDORVVXSHUYLYLHQWHVHQORVTXHVHHQWUD
PHGLDQWHULWRVGHVHSDUDFLyQ 9DQ*HQQHS$
&DGDFXOWXUDH[SUHVDHVWHGRORUGHGLIHUHQWHIRUPD
VLHQGRSDUDWRGDVHOODVHOGXHORXQIHQyPHQRQDWXUDO\
QHFHVDULRSDUDDGDSWDUQRVDHVDSpUGLGD3HURVHKDRE
VHUYDGRHQODV~OWLPDVGpFDGDVHQQXHVWUDVRFLHGDGXQ
FDPELRUDGLFDOHQODVPDQLIHVWDFLRQHVH[WHUQDVGHOGRORU
DQWHODPXHUWHGHXQVHUTXHULGR\VHJ~QORVHVWXGLRVRV
GHO WHPD HVWRV FDPELRV VXSRQHQ SDUD DOJXQDV SHUVR
QDVXQDGLFXOWDGDxDGLGDSDUDVXSHUDUHVWHSHULRGR
(OPXQGRPRGHUQRQRTXLHUHYHUGHODQWHQLDGPLWLU
OD LQHYLWDELOLGDG GH OD PXHUWH OD DSDUWDPRV GH QXHVWUD
PHQWH+R\HQGtDVHFRQVLGHUDODPXHUWHXQGHVDVWUH
SXUR\VLPSOHFRPRODGHFDGHQFLDTXHKD\TXHUHWUDVDU
ORPi[LPRSRVLEOH0XFKRPiVHQHOFDVRGHXQDSpUGL

*Matrona del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria


Enfermera Docente 2010; 91: 37-43

3$/$%5$6&/$9(
3pUGLGDSHULQDWDODERUWRGXHORHQIHUPHUtD

GDSHULQDWDOKDELGDFXHQWDGHORVDYDQFHVFRQVHJXLGRV
HQ HO FRQWURO GH HPEDUD]R \ ODV WpFQLFDV GH VFUHHQLQJ
SHULQDWDO TXH VH PDQHMDQ DFWXDOPHQWH \ HQ ODV TXH VH
SXHGHFRQRFHUGHDQWHPDQRHOSURQyVWLFRQDOGHOIUXWR
GHHVHHPEDUD]RHQFXDQWRDDOWHUDFLRQHVItVLFDVRJH
QpWLFDVVHUHHUH
/DSDODEUDGXHORSURYLHQHGHOODWtQGRORVTXHVLJQL
FD'2/25SRUWDQWRHOGRORUGHODPXHUWHHVORTXHVH
FRQRFHFRPRGXHOR
(OGXHORHVXQSURFHVRQRUPDOHVGHFLUHVXQDUHDF
FLyQQDWXUDODQWHODSpUGLGDGHXQDSHUVRQDTXHLQFOX
\HFRPSRQHQWHVItVLFRVSVLFROyJLFRV\VRFLDOHV\FX\D
LQWHQVLGDG \ GXUDFLyQ GHEHUtD VHU SURSRUFLRQDO D OD GL
PHQVLyQGHODSpUGLGD)UHXGFLWDGRHQ *yPH]6DQFKR
0DUFRV FRPSDUDHOGXHORFRQPHODQFROtD\GLFH
GHpOTXHHVXQDIHFWRQRUPDOTXHSRVLELOLWDODFRPSUHQ
VLyQGHODPHODQFROtD
- 0RQWR\D &DUUDVTXLOOD 0RQWR\D &DUUDVTXLOOD -
  GLFH D SURSyVLWR GHO GXHOR TXH HQ QLQJXQD RWUD
VLWXDFLyQ VDOYR HQ HO GXHOR HO GRORU SURGXFLGR HV WRWDO
HVXQGRORUELROyJLFRSVLFROyJLFRVRFLDOIDPLOLDU\HVSL
ULWXDO(QODSpUGLGDGHXQVHUTXHULGRGXHOHHOSDVDGR
HOSUHVHQWH\HVSHFLDOPHQWHHOIXWXUR7RGDODYLGDHQVX
FRQMXQWRGXHOH
7HQLHQGR HQ FXHQWD HVWDV GHQLFLRQHV KHFKDV SRU
LQYHVWLJDGRUHVVRFLDOHVDFHUFDGHOGXHORpVWHHVWiFODUR
TXH DXQTXH HV  XQ SURFHVR QDWXUDO QR UHVXOWD HQ LQ
QLGDG GH RFDVLRQHV IiFLO GH VREUHOOHYDU \ VH GHPDQGD
D\XGDSRUSDUWHGHORVTXHORVXIUHQSDUDVRSRUWDUOR
(QHOFDVRGHOGXHORSRUXQDPXHUWHIHWDORWUDV
GtDVGHYLGDORTXHVHFRQRFHFRQHOQRPEUHGHPXHUWH
SHULQDWDO WRGDV HVWDV LOXVLRQHV VH WUDQVIRUPDQ HQ XQD
VLWXDFLyQGHFKRTXHLQHVSHUDGDDORTXHORVSDGUHV\HO
UHVWRGHODIDPLOLDVHWLHQHQTXHHQIUHQWDUFDPELDQGRODV
HPRFLRQHVTXHVXSRQtDQODLOXVLyQGHODOOHJDGDGHXQD

37

Artculo de

Revisin

Cristbal Rengel Daz*

QXHYDYLGDSRUHOGRORUGHODSHQD&DGDSDUHMDH[SHUL
PHQWDUiHOSURFHVRGHGXHORVHJ~QVXSHUVRQDOLGDGLGLR
VLQFUDVLD\HOSURSLRHQWRUQRFXOWXUDOGHOTXHSURYHQJDQ
3HURSRUUHJODJHQHUDOWRGDVHOODVPDQLHVWDQVHQVDFLR
QHVTXHGDQXQFDUiFWHUGHXQLYHUVDOLGDGDODH[SHULHQFLD
GHGXHOR +LJXHUR-& 
(O ,QVWLWXWR 8QLYHUVLWDULR 'H[HXV GHQH PXHUWH SHUL
QDWDOFRPRODVXPDGHODPRUWDOLGDGIHWDOWDUGtD\ODPRU
WDOLGDGQHRQDWDOSUHFR]
(QWHQGHPRVSRUPXHUWHIHWDOWDUGtDODTXHVHSURGX
FHDSDUWLUGHODVHPDQDGHJHVWDFLyQLQFOX\pQGRVH
WRGRVORVIHWRVTXHSHVDQJUDPRVRPiV\RWLHQHQ
XQDORQJLWXGGHFHQWtPHWURVRPiVDOQDFHU
<ODPRUWDOLGDGQHRQDWDOSUHFR]FRPSUHQGHDORVUH
FLpQ QDFLGRV PXHUWRV GHQWUR GH ORV  SULPHURV GtDV GH
YLGDFRPSOHWRV KRUDV 

$IRUWXQDGDPHQWH ODV WDVDV GH PRUWDOLGDG SHULQDWDO


KDQLGRGLVPLQX\HQGRHQODV~OWLPDVGpFDGDV$VtVHJ~Q
UHHUH OD 206 HQ  OD WDVD GH PRUWDOLGDG SHULQDWDO
LQWHUQDFLRQDOTXHHQHUDGHRQDFLGRVGHV
FHQGLyDORQDFLGRVHQ$OJXQRVDXWRUHVGHV
FULEHQTXHODPRUWDOLGDGSHULQDWDOGLVPLQX\yHQORVKRVSL
WDOHVHVSDxROHVGHVGHXQRQDFLGRVDXQR
QDFLGRVFRQXQGHVFHQVRUHODWLYRGHO
$XQTXHHOQ~PHURGHPXHUWHVSHULQDWDOHVKDGLVPL
QXLGR VL WHQHPRV HQ FXHQWD TXH DFWXDOPHQWH SRU ODV
FRQGLFLRQHV VRFLRHFRQyPLFDV HO Q~PHUR GH KLMRV TXH
GHFLGH WHQHU XQD SDUHMD HV FDGD YH] PHQRU VH SXHGH
FRPSUHQGHUODLPSRUWDQFLDGHWHQHUKLMRVVDQRV\ODJUDQ
WUDQVFHQGHQFLD \ FKRTXH TXH SURGXFH HO PDORJUR GH
XQDJHVWDFLyQ
/RV OD]RV DIHFWLYRV VH GHVDUUROODQ FRQIRUPH DYDQ]D
ODJHVWDFLyQSRUORTXHFDEUtDHVSHUDUTXHHOGXHORIXHUD
PHQRUHQODVSpUGLGDVSHULQDWDOHVWHPSUDQDVTXHHQODV
WDUGtDVRHQODVQHRQDWDOHV1RREVWDQWHORVHVWXGLRVUH
YLVDGRVLQGLFDQTXHQRH[LVWHUHODFLyQHQWUHODLQWHQVLGDG
GHOGXHOR\ODGXUDFLyQGHOHPEDUD]RRHOJUDGRGHFRQ
WDFWRFRQHOQHRQDWR(QHVWHVHQWLGRORVDERUWRV\ODV
SpUGLGDVIHWDOHVVHDVRFLDQFRQVHQWLPLHQWRVGHIUDFDVR
HQODJHVWDQWHPLHQWUDVTXHHQODVPXHUWHVQHRQDWDOHV
SDUHFHHVWDUPiVSUHVHQWHHOVHQWLPLHQWRGHLUD3RUHOOR
QRKD\TXHGHMDUGHH[FOXLUDORVDERUWRVFRPRSURFHVRV
VXVFHSWLEOHVGHHQFRQWUDUGXHORGLVIXQFLRQDO\VtQGURPH
SRVWDERUWRHQODPXMHURGHQWURGHODSDUHMDLQFOXVRHQ
FDVRV GH DERUWRV LQGXFLGRV *yPH] /DYtQ & \ =DSDWD
*DUFtD5 

38

*iOYH]7RUR DSRUWD OD LGHD GH TXH HV SRVLEOH KDFHU


XQDLQWHUYHQFLyQGHD\XGDHQHOFDVRORVDERUWRVLQGXFL
GRV\DTXHVHJ~QHODXWRUSXHGHSDVDUVHGHODDQRGLQLD
DIHFWLYDDOSDGHFLPLHQWR *iOYH]7RUR$ 
/DVUHDFFLRQHVGHGXHORHQODSDUHMDVHPDQLHVWDQ
DOJXQDV YHFHV GH IRUPD DVLPpWULFD TXHGDQGR HO SDGUH
UHOHJDGR D XQ SDSHO PiV VHFXQGDULR HQ HVD HVIHUD GH
GRORU 2/HDU\ \7KRUZLFN KDQ HVWXGLDGR ODV UHDFFLRQHV
HQHOSDGUH\FRQFOX\HQTXHpVWRVGHVFULEHQODQHFHVLGDG
GHVHUUHFRQRFLGRVHQVXGRORUSRUORVRWURV6HVLHQWHQ
LQFDSDFHVGHFRPSDUWLUVXSURSLDDQVLHGDG\PLHGRVSRU
TXHUHU SURWHJHU D OD PDGUH /D SUHVLyQ VRFLDO SRU VHU
IXHUWHV\ODFUHHQFLDGHTXHORVKRPEUHVQROORUDQ\QR
FRPSDUWHQSDUHFHQLQKLELUDORVSDGUHVGHODQHFHVLGDG
GHSHGLUVRSRUWHHPRFLRQDOSDUDVXSHUDUHOWUDQFH
(VWRVDXWRUHVVHxDODQWDPELpQODLPSRUWDQFLDGHLP
SOLFDUDORVSDGUHVHQODVFODVHVGHSUHSDUDFLyQDOSDUWR
\DTXHpVWDVVXHOHQHVWDUFHQWUDGDVHQORVFXLGDGRVGH
ODPDGUH\HQHOSDGUHFRPRSHUVRQDGHDSR\RQRRWRU
JiQGRVHOHXQUROGLUHFWRGHSURWDJRQLVPR6HxDODQLJXDO
PHQWHTXHFXDQGRDFXGHQDORVFRQWUROHVGHHPEDUD]R
\ YLVXDOL]DQ SRU SULPHUD YH] OD LPDJHQ GH VX EHEp SRU
HFRJUDItDDGTXLHUHQODPLVPDSRVLFLyQTXHVXVUHODWLYDV
SDUHMDVHQWpUPLQRVGHFRQRFLPLHQWRGHOEHEp 2/HDU\
-\7KRUZLFN& GHDKtVXSRWHQFLDOSDUD
GHVDUUROODUWDPELpQXQGXHORGLVIXQFLRQDO
$QWHHODIURQWDPLHQWRGHXQGXHORHVLPSRUWDQWHFR
QRFHU VXV IDVHV %RZOE\ GHVFULELy FXDWUR IDVHV HQ HVWH
SURFHVR
  IDVH GH FKRTXH R LQFUHGXOLGDG 3HUtRGR GH DWXU
GLPLHQWR\IDOWDGHFUpGLWRTXHSURWHJHDORVSURJH
QLWRUHV GHO LPSDFWR WRWDO GH OD SpUGLGD 3XHGH GXUDU
GH YDULDV KRUDV KDVWD GRV VHPDQDV \ GXUDQWH HVWH
WLHPSR ORV SDGUHV H[SUHVDQ VHQWLPLHQWR GH YDFtR \
QRSXHGHQDFHSWDULQWHOHFWXDOPHQWHODSpUGLGDVLHQ
GRLQFDSDFHVGHFRQFHQWUDUVHGHWRPDUGHFLVLRQHV
DFHSWDQGRVyORLQIRUPDFLyQVHOHFWLYD1HFHVLWDQPX
FKDD\XGDLQFOXVRSDUDUHDOL]DUWDUHDVVLPSOHV
 IDVHGHQRVWDOJLD\E~VTXHGD6HPDQLHVWDFRPR
XQLQWHQWRLQFRQVFLHQWHGHEXVFDUDODSHUVRQDPXHU
WD FRQ SHQVDPLHQWRV H LPiJHQHV FDVL DOXFLQDWRULDV
\VHDFRPSDxDGHOODQWR\GHVHVSHUDFLyQ&RPLHQ]D
FXDQGRODUHDOLGDGGHOGHVDSDUHFLGRHPSLH]DDLPSR
QHUVHHVHQWRQFHVFXDQGRDSDUHFHXQSHUtRGRDJXGR
GH SHVDU FDUDFWHUL]DGR SRU DUUDQTXHV GH LUD DGMXGL
FDFLyQGHFXOSD\SHUWXUEDFLyQ(VWDLUDFRQVWLWX\HXQ
VtQWRPDFRP~QORVSDGUHVVHVLHQWHQGHIUDXGDGRV\
SXHGHQSURWHVWDUSRUODLQMXVWLFLDGHODPXHUWH/RVUH
FXHUGRVGHORVDFRQWHFLPLHQWRVTXHOOHYDURQDHOODVRQ
UHSDVDGRVGHIRUPDUHSHWLGD/DFXOSDSXHGHGLULJLUVH
KDFLD XQR PLVPR SURGXFLHQGR DXWRUHSURFKH R H[
SUHVDUVHSRUKRVWLOLGDGFRQWUDQRLPSRUWDTXLpQ'LRV
Enfermera Docente 2010; 91: 37-43

Cristbal Rengel Daz*

HOSHUVRQDOVDQLWDULRHOHVSRVRRHOGHVWLQR$OJXQDV
PXMHUHV UHHUHQ HVFXFKDU HO OODQWR GHO EHEp R VHQWLU
PRYLPLHQWRVIHWDOHVHQVXLQWHULRUGHVSXpVGHOSDUWR
 IDVHGHGHVRUJDQL]DFLyQ$XQTXHHVWDIDVHHVGLIH
UHQWHDODVHQIHUPHGDGHVGHSUHVLYDVPXFKDVFDUDF
WHUtVWLFDVVRQVLPLODUHV\VHFDUDFWHUL]DSRUDSDULFLyQ
GH WULVWH]D PDQLHVWD GLVPLQXFLyQ GH OD DXWRHVWLPD
IDOWDGHDWHQFLyQ\REMHWLYRVIXWXURV\UHWUDLPLHQWRVR
FLDO &RQ HO WUDQVFXUVR GHO WLHPSR OD IDVH DJXGD HV
PHQRVSURQXQFLDGD\VHUHDQXGDQODVDFWLYLGDGHVRU
GLQDULDV /RV SDGUHV FRPLHQ]DQ D VHQWLUVH FXOSDEOHV
SRUVXLQFDSDFLGDGSDUDUHFXSHUDUVHGHODSpUGLGD\
SXHGHQ DGRSWDU HO SDSHO GH HQIHUPRV SDUD HQPDV
FDUDUVXGHSUHVLyQ\HYLWDUODFUtWLFD(VWHSHUtRGRGH
GHVRUJDQL]DFLyQSXHGHGXUDUGHVHLVPHVHVDXQDxR
  IDVH GH UHRUJDQL]DFLyQ (Q HOOD VH SURGXFH XQD
DFHSWDFLyQ GH OD SpUGLGD FRPR GHQLWLYD 6H SURGX
FHXQDMXVWHJUDGXDO/DVUHODFLRQHVGHODIDPLOLDVH
HVWDELOL]DQ \ KD\ SDUWLFLSDFLyQ DFWLYD \ QRUPDO HQ
OD YLGD LQFOX\HQGR SODQHV SDUD HO IXWXUR$XQTXH HO
DPRUSRUHOKLMRQRKDFDPELDGRQLGLVPLQXLGRORVSD
GUHVKDQDSUHQGLGRGHQXHYRDYLYLULQFRUSRUDQGROD
SpUGLGDDVXVYLGDV\UHFXSHUDQGRHORSWLPLVPRPiV
DOOiGHOGRORU %RZOE\-
3DUD QDOL]DU \ SDUDIUDVHDQGR D :RUGHQ GLUHPRV TXH
ODV IDPLOLDV TXH DIURQWDQ OD SpUGLGD GH XQ KLMR GH PDQH
UDPiVHFD]VRQDTXHOODVTXHOOHJDQDKDFHUFRPHQWDULRV
DELHUWRV VREUH HO IDOOHFLGR VLQ SURKLELU QL EXVFDU H[FXVDV
SDUDTXHDOJXQRVGHVXVPLHPEURVVHTXHGHQFDOODGRV/DV
IDPLOLDV YHUGDGHUDPHQWH IXQFLRQDOHV SURFHVDQ VHQWLPLHQ
WRV VREUH OD PXHUWH LQFOX\HQGR DGPLWLHQGR \ DFHSWDQGR
VHQWLPLHQWRVGHYXOQHUDELOLGDG :RUGHQ:LOOLDP-

5HFRPHQGDFLRQHVGHDFWXDFLyQ
SURIHVLRQDOIUHQWHDOGXHORSHULQDWDO
(QHVWHDSDUWDGRVXJLHURDOJXQRVSXQWRVVREUHFXiO
GHEHVHUQXHVWUDDFWXDFLyQPiVFRUUHFWDDQWHODPXHUWH
SHULQDWDO
 $FRPSDxDU\RIUHFHUDSR\RSVLFROyJLFRDODSDUHMD\
IDPLOLDEULQGiQGROHVFRQDQ]DSDUDSHUPLWLUTXHH[
SUHVHQVXVPLHGRVWHPRUHV
 'DUDPSOLDLQIRUPDFLyQGiQGROHVRSFLyQDTXHSUH
JXQWHQWRGDVVXVGXGDV
 1RVHGDUH[FHVLYDPHQWHDODPXMHUGXUDQWHHOSURFH
VRGHOSDUWRSDUDHYLWDUVHQVDFLyQGHLUUHDOLGDG
 ,QVLVWLUDORVSDGUHVSDUDTXHYHDQ\WRTXHQDVXKLMR
UHVSHWDQGRVXGHFLVLyQHQWRGRPRPHQWR(VWRD\X
GDDHYLWDUIDEXODFLRQHVSRVWHULRUHV\DUHVROYHUFRQ
Enfermera Docente 2010; 91: 37-43

Artculo de

Revisin

QRUPDOLGDGHOGXHOR
 ,QVLVWLUORVXFLHQWHHQODFRQYHQLHQFLDGHUHDOL]DUOD
QHFURSVLD UHVSHWDQGR OD GHFLVLyQ TXH WRPHQ (O UH
VXOWDGRGHpVWDSXHGHD\XGDUDORVSDGUHVDOLEHUDU
ORV GH VHQWLPLHQWRV GH FXOSD$XQTXH HO LQIRUPH QR
PXHVWUHQDGDIXHUDGHORFRP~QODSUHVHQFLDGHFD
UDFWHUtVWLFDVGHQRUPDOLGDGGDVHJXULGDGDORVSURJH
QLWRUHV
 1RVHGHEHDFRQVHMDUXQHPEDUD]RORDQWHVSRVLEOH
HVFRQYHQLHQWHVHxDODUTXHXQQXHYRHPEDUD]RSUH
FR] QR YD D VXVWLWXLU D OD SpUGLGD 3DUD UHDOL]DU XQ
EXHQ GXHOR HV LPSRUWDQWH VHxDODU TXH HO EHEp TXH
VH KD SHUGLGR WLHQH XQD HQWLGDG SURSLD \ QR SXHGH
VHU VXVWLWXLGR SRU QDGD QL SRU QDGLH &LHUWR HV TXH
XQ QXHYR HPEDUD]R GHVSXpV GH OD PXHUWH DQWHULRU
FLHUUDHOFLFORGHSHUFHSFLRQHVSVLFROyJLFDVQHJDWLYDV
HQODSDUHMD\VREUHWRGRHQODPDGUH
 'DUQRPEUHDOUHFLpQQDFLGR(VWROHEULQGDXQDHQWL
GDGGHLQGLYLGXDOLGDGGHQWURGHOQ~FOHRIDPLOLDU\ORGL
IHUHQFLDGHORVRWURVPLHPEURV6HGHEHUHFRPHQGDU
TXHHVWHQRPEUHQRVHSRQJDDXQKLMRSRVWHULRUSDUD
HYLWDUTXHVLHQWDQTXHHVXQKLMRUHHPSOD]DGR(VWR
D\XGDDIDFLOLWDUHOGXHOR\SHUPLWHHQIRFDUORVVHQWL
PLHQWRVGHGRORUHQHVWHKLMR\HYLWDGHVSOD]DPLHQWRV
GHVHQWLPLHQWRVGHLUDDRWURVKLMRVRDVtPLVPRV
 )RUPDFLyQ GH UHFXHUGRV VREUH HO UHFLpQ QDFLGR 6H
UHFRPLHQGD JXDUGDU HO Pi[LPR GH UHFXHUGRV FRPR
IRWRV KXHOODV GDFWLODUHV YHVWLGRV XVDGRV \ EUD]DOH
WHVGHLGHQWLFDFLyQSRUTXHHVWDVSUXHEDVIDFLOLWDQOD
UHVROXFLyQGHOSURFHVR6LUHFKD]DQTXHGiUVHORVVH
OHVSXHGHRIUHFHUTXHTXHGDUiQHQHOKRVSLWDOSHUPD
QHQWHPHQWH\DTXHSDVDGDODFULVLVLQLFLDOVHLQWHQ
VLFDODQRVWDOJLDSRUVXKLMR\HVWRVREMHWRVD\XGDQ
DDFWXDOL]DUODSpUGLGD/DVIRWRV\ORVYtGHRVSXHGHQ
VHU GH JUDQ D\XGD SDUD ORV SDGUHV HVSHFLDOPHQWH
D PHGLGD TXH SDVD HO WLHPSR \ OD PHPRULD YLYD GHO
EHEpFRPLHQ]DDERUUDUVH 'LFNDVRQ6LOYHUPDQDQG
.DSODQ
 (YLWDUXWLOL]DUODSDODEUDIHWRSDUDUHIHULUVHDOUHFLpQ
QDFLGR/RVSDGUHVYLYHQPDOHOXVRGHHVDSDODEUD
FXDQGRVHUHHUHDVXFULDWXUD8WLOL]DUHOQRPEUHTXH
OHWXYLHUDQHOHJLGRRYXHVWUREHEpYXHVWURKLMR
 $QWHVGHODOWDLQIRUPDU\DGYHUWLUDODSDUHMDTXHGX
UDQWHODUJRWLHPSRSXHGHQWHQHUWDQWRVtQWRPDVVR
PiWLFRVFRPRSVLFROyJLFRVWDOHVFRPRSHQVDPLHQWRV
VREUHHOKLMRSHUGLGR\HQJHQHUDOVHQWLPLHQWRVLQWHQ
VRV6HOHVGHEHRULHQWDUVREUHSXEOLFDFLRQHVVREUH
HOGXHORSHULQDWDO\VREUHSRVLEOHVFRQLFWRVPDWULPR
QLDOHVHLQYLWDUOHVDXQDFRPXQLFDFLyQPXWXD\DTXH
QRKDFHUORHVFDXVDGHGHVDYHQHQFLDV6HOHVDQLPD

39

Artculo de

Revisin

Cristbal Rengel Daz*

D TXH H[WHULRULFHQ VXV VHQWLPLHQWRV GH FXOSDELOLGDG


UDELD WULVWH]D \ VH SUHSDUD D OD IDPLOLD SDUD DVXPLU
HVWDGHVFDUJD
 6REUH ORV RWURV KLMRV ORV KHUPDQRV GHO KLMR PXHUWR
VXHOHQVHUORVPiVROYLGDGRV\DLVODGRV\DTXHWRGR
HOPXQGRGHVHDSURWHJHUORVGHOGRORU\QRORVGHMDQ
SDUWLFLSDU GHO GXHOR (V LPSRUWDQWH TXH ORV SDGUHV
H[SOLTXHQ OD VLWXDFLyQ GH IRUPD VLPSOH \ DSURSLDGD
SRUTXHHOORD\XGDDODUHVROXFLyQGHOGXHORSRUSDUWH
GHORVKHUPDQRV\DTXHHOORVPLVPRVUHFXSHUHQVX
DXWRHVWLPD
 $ODIDPLOLDVHOHVDGYLHUWHTXHGHEHQVHUSDFLHQWHV
FRQODSDUHMDUHVSHFWRDOWLHPSRGHGXHOR(OORVHVSH
UDQTXHHOSUREOHPDVHUHVXHOYDHQVHPDQDVFXDQGR
DYHFHVVHQHFHVLWDQPHVHV\FRQRFHUORVPHFDQLV
PRV GH DSR\RV FRQYHQLHQWHV 6HxDODU WDPELpQ TXH
HQ HO FDVR GH TXH ORV SDGUHV WXYLHVHQ SUHSDUDGR HO
GRUPLWRULRGHOEHEp FXQDPXxHFRV\GHPiV QRLQ
WHQWHQ GHVPDQWHODUOR DQWHV GHO UHJUHVR GH OD SDUHMD
GHOKRVSLWDOTXHVHDQORVSURSLRVSDGUHVTXLHQHVSUR
FHGDQDGHVPRQWDUORRDSHGLUD\XGDVLQRVHVLHQWHQ
FDSDFHV R FRQ iQLPRV GH KDFHUOR ,QWHQWDU PRVWUDU
TXHWRGRVLJXHFRPRDQWHVGHOHPEDUD]RD\XGDDIR
PHQWDUIDEXODFLRQHV\VHQWLPLHQWRVGHQHJDFLyQ
 &RQWDFWDUWHOHIyQLFDPHQWHRPHGLDQWHHO,&$SULRULWD
ULRFRQODPDWURQDGHDWHQFLyQSULPDULDSDUDTXHVH
KDJDXQDYLVLWDSUHFR]GRPLFLOLDULDDORVSDGUHVSDUD
YHU FRPR VH HQFXHQWUDQ HPRFLRQDOPHQWH H LQWHQWDU
DFODUDUWRGRWLSRGHGXGDVTXHQRKXELHVHQTXHGDGR
FODUDVHQHOPRPHQWRGHODOWD

3ODQGHFXLGDGRVGHHQIHUPHUtD
SDUDODSpUGLGDSHULQDWDO
'G( 5LHVJR GH 'XHOR &RPSOLFDGR HQ ORV SDGUHV 5&
GLFXOWDGGHDFHSWDFLyQGHGLFKDSpUGLGD
12&5HVROXFLyQGHODDLFFLyQ
,QGLFDGRUHV
([SUHVDQVHQWLPLHQWRVVREUHODSpUGLGD
9HUEDOL]DQODDFHSWDFLyQGHODSpUGLGD
5HHUHQDXVHQFLDGHDQJXVWLDVRPiWLFD
3DUWLFLSDQHQODSODQLFDFLyQGHOIXQHUDO
12&0RGLFDFLyQSVLFRVRFLDOFDPELRGHYLGD
,QGLFDGRUHV
([SUHVLRQHVGHVHQWLPLHQWRVSHUPLWLGDV
([SUHVLRQHVGHDSR\RVRFLDODGHFXDGR
0DQWHQLPLHQWRGHODDXWRHVWL

40

1,&)DFLOLWDUHOGXHORPXHUWHSHULQDWDO
'LVFXWLUVREUHJUXSRVGHDSR\R\UHFXUVRVGLVSRQLEOHV
VLSURFHGH
'LVFXWLUVREUHODVGLIHUHQFLDVTXHKD\HQWUHODVIRUPDV
PDVFXOLQDV\IHPHQLQDVGHDLFFLyQVLSURFHGH
3UHSDUDU DO EHEp SDUD TXH VHD YLVWR EDxiQGROR
YLVWLpQGRORLQFOX\HQGRDORVSDGUHVHQODVDFWLYLGDGHV
VLSURFHGH
$QLPDUDORVPLHPEURVGHODIDPLOLDDYHU\FRJHUHO
EHEpWRGRORTXHVHGHVHH
'LVFXWLU HO DVSHFWR GHO EHEp HQ IXQFLyQ GH OD HGDG
JHVWDFLRQDO\HOWLHPSRWUDQVFXUULGRGHVGHODGHIXQFLyQ
'LVSRQHU GH WLHPSR SDUD TXH OD IDPLOLD HVWp D VRODV
FRQHOEHEpVHJ~QODYROXQWDG
'LVFXWLU ODV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GH OD DLFFLyQ QRUPDO \
DQRUPDO LQFOX\HQGR IDFWRUHV GHVHQFDGHQWDQWHV TXH
SUHFLSLWDQVHQWLPLHQWRVGHWULVWH]D
3URSRUFLRQDXQDJXtDDQWLFLSDGDDFHUFDGHODUHDFFLyQ
GHDLFFLyQSRUODPXHUWHSHULQDWDO 9HUDQH[R 
1,&$XPHQWDUHODIURQWDPLHQWR
(YDOXDU OD FDSDFLGDG GH OD XVXDULD \ VX SDUHMD SDUD
WRPDUGHFLVLRQHV
'LVSRQHUGHXQDPELHQWHGHDFHSWDFLyQ
$\XGDUDODSDUHMDDGHVDUUROODUXQDYDORUDFLyQREMHWLYD
GHODFRQWHFLPLHQWR
5HFRQRFHU OD H[SHULHQFLD HVSLULWXDOFXOWXUDO GH OD
SDUHMD
3UHVHQWDUDODSDUHMDSHUVRQDV RJUXSRV TXHKD\DQ
SDVDGRSRUODPLVPDH[SHULHQFLDFRQVXSHUDFLyQ
3& ,QWHUUXSFLyQ GH OD /DFWDQFLD 0DWHUQD VHFXQGDULR D
3pUGLGD3HULQDWDO
12&5HVSXHVWDDODPHGLFDFLyQ
,QGLFDGRUHV
(IHFWRVWHUDSpXWLFRVHVSHUDGRVSUHVHQWHV
&DPELRVHVSHUDGRVHQORVVtQWRPDV
1,&6XSUHVLyQGHODODFWDQFLD
$GPLQLVWUDUSRUSUHVFULSFLyQPpGLFDHOIiUPDFRSDUDHO
FHVHGHODODFWDFLyQ
9LJLODUOD3UHVLyQ$UWHULDOGXUDQWHODDGPLQLVWUDFLyQGH
IiUPDFRVSDUDVXSULPLUODODFWDQFLD
9LJLODUODFRJHVWLyQ\PROHVWLDVGHORVSHFKRV
$SOLFDU IUtR ORFDO HQ OD ]RQD D[LODU GH ORV SHFKRV
GXUDQWHPLQXWRVFXDWURYHFHVDOGtD\HQFDVDVL
HVQHFHVDULR
,QIRUPDU D OD XVXDULD GH OD SRVLEOH LQJXUJLWDFLyQ
GHVSXpVGHODOWD
$GPLQLVWUDUDQDOJpVLFRVVLHVQHFHVDULR
$QLPDUDODSDFLHQWHDTXHOOHYHXQVXMHWDGRUDSUHWDGR
KDVWDTXHVHVXSULPDODODFWDQFLD

Enfermera Docente 2010; 91: 37-43

Cristbal Rengel Daz*

$ERUWRHVSRQWiQHR
(ODERUWRHVSRQWiQHRHVODSpUGLGDGHOHPEDUD]RDQ
WHVGHODVVHPDQDV\GHSHVRPHQRUGHJUDPRV
PXFKRDQWHVGHTXHHOIHWRHVWpHQFRQGLFLRQHVGHVREUH
YLYLUIXHUDGHO~WHURPDWHUQR
7DQWR SDUD ORV SURIHVLRQDOHV FRPR SDUD OD XVXDULD
HODERUWRFRQVWLWX\HXQDH[SHULHQFLDIUXVWUDQWH\GHVFR
UD]RQDGRUD /D SpUGLGD SUHFR] HV GHVDIRUWXQDGDPHQWH
ODFRPSOLFDFLyQPiVIUHFXHQWHHQODJHVWDFLyQKXPDQD
RFXUULHQGRHQ DOPHQRVHOGHODVPXMHUHVTXHGH
VHDQ FRQFHELU ODV PD\RUtDV GH HVWDV SpUGLGDV SXHGHQ
UHVXOWDUGHVDSHUFLELGDVSRUTXHRFXUUHQLQFOXVRDQWHVGH
TXHODPXMHUVHSDTXHHVWiHPEDUD]DGD&HUFDGHODO
SRUFLHQWRGHORVHPEDUD]RVUHFRQRFLGRVWHUPLQDHQ
XQ DERUWR HVSRQWiQHR VHJ~Q HO &ROHJLR $PHULFDQR GH
2EVWHWULFLD \ *LQHFRORJtD LQFOX\HQGR DTXt D ORV HPED
UD]RVHFWySLFRV$SUR[LPDGDPHQWHHOGHODVSDUHMDV
TXHGHVHDQFRQFHELUWLHQHQGRVDERUWRVFRQVHFXWLYRV\
DSUR[LPDGDPHQWHHOOOHJDQDWHQHUDERUWRVGHUHSH
WLFLyQ 3HWUR]]D-& 
7DQWRODXVXDULDFRPRODSDUHMDSXHGHQOOHJDUDVHQWLU
WUDV HVWH SURFHVR VHQWLPLHQWRV GH FXOSDELOLGDG IDOWD GH
DXWRHVWLPD\SURFHVRGHGXHORGHELGRDODSpUGLGD
/DVSULQFLSDOHVFDXVDVGHXQDERUWRVRQ
)HWDOHVGHELGRDGHVDUUROORRLPSODQWDFLyQGHIHFWXR
VDGHOyYXORIHFXQGDGR
0DWHUQD GHELGD D LQIHFFLRQHV QXWULFLyQ GHFLHQWH
DQRPDOtDVHQGRFULQDVLQPXQROyJLFDVRDQDWyPLFDV
/D SULQFLSDO PDQLIHVWDFLyQ FOtQLFD HV OD KHPRUUDJLD
YDJLQDO VHJXLGD GH HVSDVPRV OXPEDOJLDV \ VLJQRV GH
HPEDUD]RVLQDXPHQWRSURJUHVLYRGHOWDPDxRGHO~WHUR
(OWUDWDPLHQWRSULQFLSDOHVODH[SXOVLyQIHWDOPHGLDQWH
WWR PpGLFR FRQ SURVWDJODQGLQDV X R[LWRFLQD \R OHJUDGR
REVWpWULFRFRPRWWRTXLU~UJLFR

3ODQGHFXLGDGRVHQDERUWR
HVSRQWiQHRFRQOHJUDGR
'G(5LHVJRGHEDMDDXWRHVWLPDVLWXDFLRQDO5&SpUGLGD
GHODJHVWDFLyQ\FDPELRVHQVXVLWXDFLyQGHYLGD
3&+HPRUUDJLDGRORUVHFXQGDULRDDERUWRHVSRQWiQHR
12&$IURQWDPLHQWRGHSUREOHPDV
,QGLFDGRUHV
9HUEDOL]DDFHSWDFLyQGHODVLWXDFLyQ
6HDGDSWDDORVFDPELRVHQGHVDUUROOR
$GRSWDFRQGXFWDVSDUDUHGXFLUHOHVWUpV

Enfermera Docente 2010; 91: 37-43

Artculo de

Revisin

12&$XWRHVWLPD
,QGLFDGRUHV
9HUEDOL]DFLyQGHODDXWRDFHSWDFLyQ
6HQWLPLHQWRVVREUHVXSURSLDSHUVRQD
6HQWLPLHQWRVVREUHVLPLVPD
1,&&XLGDGRVSRUFHVHGHOHPEDUD]R
3URSRUFLRQDUXQDJXtDDQWLFLSDGDDFHUFDGHODUHDFFLyQ
GHDLFFLyQSRUODPXHUWHIHWDO YHU$QH[R 
$QLPDU DO VHU TXHULGR D TXH DSR\H D OD SDFLHQWH VL
GHVHD
([SOLFDUODVVHQVDFLRQHVTXHSRGUtDH[SHULPHQWDU
1,&3RWHQFLDFLyQGHODDXWRHVWLPD
0RVWUDU FRQDQ]D HQ OD FDSDFLGDG GHO SDFLHQWH SDUD
FRQWURODUODVLWXDFLyQ
$\XGDUDHVWDEOHFHUREMHWLYRVUHDOLVWDVSDUDFRQVHJXLU
ODDXWRHVWLPDPiVDOWD
$QLPDUDODSDFLHQWHDTXHDFHSWHQXHYRVGHVDItRV
1,&&XLGDGRVSRUFHVHGHHPEDUD]R
,QVWUXLU DFHUFD GH ORV VLJQRV TXH KD\ TXH LQIRUPDU
DXPHQWR GH KHPRUUDJLDV DXPHQWR GH ORV GRORUHV
DEGRPLQDOHV\HOLPLQDFLyQGHFRiJXORVRUHVWRV 
3URSRUFLRQDUORVDQDOJpVLFRVRDQWLHPpWLFRVSUHVFULWRV
&DQDOL]DUYtD,9VLSURFHGH
$GPLQLVWUDU PHGLFDFLyQ SUHVFULWD SURVWDJODQGLQDV
R[LWRFLQD 
$QLPDUDOVHUTXHULGRDTXHDSR\HDODXVXDULDDQWHV
GXUDQWH\GHVSXpVGHODERUWRVLVHGHVHD
2EVHUYDUVLVHSURGXFHQKHPRUUDJLDVRUHWRUWLMRQHV
$GPLQLVWUDUJDPPDJOREXOLQD$QWL'HQFDVRGHPDGUH
5KQHJDWLYR

$QH[RUHFRPHQGDFLRQHVDODOWDSDUD
OD XVXDULD \ VX SDUHMD HQ OD PXHUWH
SHULQDWDO
5(&20(1'$&,21(6 *(1(5$/(6 '( /26 &8,'$
'26%6,&2638(53(5$/(6
+LJLHQH'LDULDGHWRGRHOFXHUSRFRQDJXD\MDEyQ
HYLWHORVEDxRVGHLQPHUVLyQHQODVSULPHUDVVHPDQDV
3DUD OD SLVFLQD R SOD\D HVSHUD  VHPDQDV /D ]RQD GH
OD HSLVLRWRPtD FLFDWUL]  GHEH PDQWHQHUVH OR PiV OLP
SLD\VHFDSRVLEOHSDUDVXFLFDWUL]DFLyQ'LULJHHOFKRUUR
GHODJXDHQGLUHFFLyQYDJLQDDQRVHFDQGROD]RQDVLQ
DUUDVWUH&DPELDUOHFRQIUHFXHQFLDODFRPSUHVDGHDOJR
GyQ QR XVH WDPSRQHV /D HSLVLRWRPtD VXHOH FLFDWUL]DU
HQWUHORVGtDV
&RQVXOWDU3XQWRVDELHUWRVHEUH WHPSHUDWXUDPD
\RUGH& PROHVWLDVDORULQDU(QURMHFLPLHQWRGRORU\
]RQDHQGXUHFLGDHQHOSHFKR

41

Artculo de

Revisin

Cristbal Rengel Daz*

$FWLYLGDG 1R GHEH UHDOL]DU HVIXHU]RV QL WDUHDV SH


VDGDV GXUDQWH OD SULPHUD VHPDQD R PLHQWUDV WHQJDV
PROHVWLDV 3LGH D\XGD SDUD ODV WDUHDV GRPpVWLFDV VL OR
QHFHVLWDV,QWHQWDGHVFDQVDUXQDVKRUDVGLDULDV
&RPLHQ]DHQFXDQWRSXHGDVORVHMHUFLFLRVSRVWSDUWRHYL
WDQGRORVHMHUFLFLRVDEGRPLQDOHV)DYRUHFHQXQDPiVUi
SLGDUHFXSHUDFLyQItVLFD\SRUWDQWRHPRFLRQDO
&RQVXOWDU 9DULFHV HQURMHFLGDV R GRORURVDV HQ ODV
SLHUQDV
(OLPLQDFLyQGHORTXLRV'HVSXpVGHOSDUWRVHSUH
VHQWDXQVDQJUDGRYDJLQDO
'HEHVREVHUYDU
&DQWLGDG 'LVPLQX\HQGR JUDGXDOPHQWH &RORU /RV
GtDVVRQURMRV\XLGRV/XHJRVHUiQPDUURQFLOORV
SRVWHULRUPHQWHDPDULOOHQWRV\KDFLDHOVyORH[LVWHXQD
VHFUHFLyQEODQTXHFLQDTXHGHVDSDUHFHDORVGtDV
2ORUWLHQHQXQRORUiFLGRFDUDFWHUtVWLFRSHURQRGH
EHQROHUPDO
&RQVXOWDU 6L DXPHQWDQ GH UHSHQWH 6L FRQWLQ~DQ
VLHQGR URMRV D ORV  GtDV GHVSXpV GHO SDUWR VL WLHQHQ
PDORORURDSDUHFHHEUH

 1R UHSULPLG YXHVWUR GRORU H[SUHVDGOR FRPXQLFDURV


YXHVWURV VHQWLPLHQWRV DXQTXH VHDQ QHJDWLYRV HQ
HVWHPRPHQWR1RVLUYHGHQDGDUHSULPLUVHQWLPLHQ
WRV\VtSXHGHHPSHRUDUODVLWXDFLyQ
 5HFXHUGD D WX EHEp FRQ HO QRPEUH TXH OH WXYLHUDV
GHFLGLGRVLQRORKDEtDVKHFKRD~QHVXQEXHQPR
PHQWR SDUD HOHJLUOR \ UHFRUGDUOR SRU VX QRPEUH 1R
SRQJDVDXQKLMRSRVWHULRUHOPLVPRQRPEUHSDUDHYL
WDUTXHVLHQWDQTXHHVXQKLMRUHPSOD]DGR
 9HU \ WRFDU D YXHVWUR KLMR RV D\XGDUi D UHVROYHU HO
GXHORHQFRQWUDGHORTXHSLHQVDQPXFKDVSHUVRQDV
TXHHVPHMRUQRYHUOR6LQRSXGLVWHKDFHUORHQHOPR
PHQWRGHOQDFLPLHQWRSUHJXQWDDOSHUVRQDOVLSXHGHV
KDFHUORDKRUDVLHPSUH\FXDQGRVLHQWDVHVWHGHVHR
 (VFRQYHQLHQWHVHxDODUTXHXQQXHYRHPEDUD]RSUH
FR] QR YD D VXVWLWXLU D OD SpUGLGD 3DUD UHDOL]DU XQ
EXHQGXHORHVLPSRUWDQWHVDEHUTXHHOEHEpTXHVH
KD SHUGLGR WLHQH XQD HQWLGDG SURSLD \ QR SXHGH VHU
VXVWLWXLGRSRUQDGDQLSRUQDGLH&LHUWRHVTXHXQQXH
YRHPEDUD]RGHVSXpVGHXQDPXHUWHDQWHULRUFLHUUD
HOFLFORGHSHUFHSFLRQHVSVLFROyJLFDVQHJDWLYDVHQOD
SDUHMD \ VREUH WRGR HQ OD PDGUH 3HUR HO WLHPSR OR
SRQpLVYRVRWURV

5(&20(1'$&,21(6(63(&),&$6(1/$3e5','$
3(5,1$7$/

$ FRQWLQXDFLyQ RV DFRQVHMDPRV OHFWXUDV \ VLWLRV GH


LQWHUQHWGRQGHSRGpLVHQFRQWUDUD\XGDHQYXHVWURGXHOR

 (VQRUPDOTXHSDVpLVSRUWRGDVODVIDVHVGHXQGXHOR
QRUPDO 3ULPHUR VHQWLUpLV DWXUGLPLHQWR XQ FKRTXH R
LQFUHGXOLGDG DQWH OR TXH RV KD RFXUULGR SDUD VHJXL
GDPHQWHHQWUDUHQXQDIDVHGHQRVWDOJLD\E~VTXHGD
GH OD SHUVRQD IDOOHFLGD FRQ SHQVDPLHQWRV H LPiJH
QHV FDVL DOXFLQDWRULDV \ TXH VH DFRPSDxD GH OODQWR
\ GHVHVSHUDFLyQ &RPLHQ]D FXDQGR OD UHDOLGDG GHO
GHVDSDUHFLGR HPSLH]D D LPSRQHUVH HV HQWRQFHV
FXDQGR DSDUHFH XQ SHUtRGR DJXGR GH SHVDU FDUDF
WHUL]DGRSRUDUUDQTXHVGHLUDDGMXGLFDFLyQGHFXOSD
\ SHUWXUEDFLyQ /XHJR HQWUDUHLV HQ XQD WHUFHUD IDVH
OODPDGDGHGHVRUJDQL]DFLyQVHDVHPHMDDXQHVWDGR
GHSUHVLYRSDUDHQWUDUWUDVXQODUJRSHULRGR GHSHQGH
GHFDGDSHUVRQD HQODIDVHGHRUJDQL]DFLyQGRQGH
VHSURGXFHODDFHSWDFLyQGHODSpUGLGDFRPRGHQLWL
YD\VXUHFXHUGRQROOHJDDVHUWDQGRORURVRFRPRDO
SULQFLSLR$XQTXHHODPRUSRUHOKLMRQRKDFDPELDGR
QLGLVPLQXLGRORVSDGUHVDSUHQGHQGHQXHYRDYLYLU
LQFRUSRUDQGRODSpUGLGDDVXVYLGDV\UHFXSHUDQGRHO
RSWLPLVPRPiVDOOiGHOGRORU

 5REHUW $ 1HLPH\HU $SUHQGHU GH OD SpUGLGD 8QD


JXtDSDUDDIURQWDUHOGXHOR'LVSRQLEOHHQKWWSZZZ
SVLFRVRFLDOQHWLQGH[SKS"RSWLRQ FRPBGRFPDQ ,WH
PLG  WDVN GRFFOLFN ELG  OLPLWVWDUW  OLPLW 

 *XDUGD WRGRV ORV UHFXHUGRV TXH FRQVHUYHV GH WX


EHEpFRPRDOJXLHQLPSRUWDQWHTXHKDSDVDGRSRUWX
YLGD2VD\XGDUiDSDVDUSRUWRGDVODVIDVHVDQWHULR
UHVGHOGXHOR
 'HVPRQWD R FRQVHUYD VX KDELWDFLyQ OR TXH RV DSH
WH]FD3HURRFXSDURVYRVRWURVHQVXGHELGRPRPHQ
WR6LQSULVDV

42

 &ODUDPXQW0QJHOV  /DFXQDYDFtD(OGROR


URVRSURFHVRGHSHUGHUXQHPEDUD]R(G/D(VIHUD
GHORVOLEURV0DGULG,6%1
 80$0$1,7$$SR\RSDUDODPXHUWHSHULQDWDO QHR
QDWDO:HEVLWHKWWSZZZXPDPDQLWDHV
 5DPyQ0DUWtQ$VSHFWRVSVLFROyJLFRVGHOGXHOR'LV
SRQLEOH HQ KWWSZZZVDQLWDULRVFULVWLDQRVFRPLPJ
SDVWRUDOSVLFRORJLFRGXHORSGI
 6XSHUDQGRXQDERUWR)RUR'LVSRQLEOHHQKWWSVXSH
UDQGRXQDERUWRIRURDFWLYRFRP


6FKZHLEHUW 3 \ .LUN 3   &XDQGR +ROD 6LJQLFD


$GLyV8QDJXtDSDUDORVSDGUHVGHOQLxRTXHIDOOHFHDQ
WHVGXUDQWHRSRFRGHVSXpVGHOSDUWR(G3HULQDWDO/RVV

 9LYLU OD SpUGLGD$\XGD GHVSXpV GH OD PXHUWH GH XQ


VHUTXHULGR:HEVLWHKWWSZZZYLYLUODSHUGLGDFRP
 (O 'XHOR )XQGDFLyQ 3LHUR 5DIDHO 0DUWtQH] ' :HE
VLWH KWWSZZZGXHORRUJLQGH[SKS"RSWLRQ FRPBFR
QWHQW YLHZ FDWHJRU\ LG  ,WHPLG 
 *DUFtD $OIRQVR   'XHOR SHULQDWDO \ QHRQDWDO
71#7265HYLVWDGHOD6RFLHGDG(VSDxRODHLQWHU
Enfermera Docente 2010; 91: 37-43

Cristbal Rengel Daz*

QDFLRQDO GH 7DQDWRORJtD   -XQLR  'LVSRQLEOH


HQKWWSWDQDWRORJLDRUJVHLWWDQDWRVUHYLVWDSGI
 /LEURVVREUHODPXHUWHSHULQDWDODERUWRPXHUWHQHR
QDWDOPXHUWHLQIDQWLO%LEOLRJUDItDGLVSRQLEOHHQKWWS
ZZZSHWLWVDPEOOXPRUJ%LEOLRJUDDKWPO

$QH[R  UHFRPHQGDFLRQHV JHQHUDOHV


SDUDHODERUWROHJUDGR
 (VSRVLEOHTXHPDQFKHFRPRHQXQDUHJODQRUPDOGX
UDQWHORVyGtDVWUDVHOSURFHGLPLHQWRDXQTXH
SXHGH TXH QR PDQFKH QDGD H LQFOXVR TXH PDQFKH
XQRVGtDVVt\RWURVQR(QFXDOTXLHUDGHORVFDVRVHV
QRUPDO
 /DSULPHUDUHJODQRUPDOWUDVODLQWHUYHQFLyQVXHOHUH
WUDVDUVH SXGLHQGR DSDUHFHU HQWUH ORV    GtDV
SUy[LPRV\TXL]iVHDPiVDEXQGDQWHGHORQRUPDO
 3XHGHQTXHDSDUH]FDXQDVGpFLPDVGHHEUH KDVWD
 TXHGHVDSDUHFHUiQHQKRUDV6LQRHVDVtGH
EHUiSRQHUVHHQFRQWDFWRFRQVXPpGLFRGHIDPLOLD
 6LSUHVHQWDODVPROHVWLDVWtSLFDVGHXQDUHJODSXHGH
WRPDUHODQDOJpVLFRTXHQRUPDOPHQWHXWLOLFH
 (V SRVLEOH TXH WHQJD PROHVWLDV HQ ORV SHFKRV TXH
VXHOHQFHGHUSRUVLVRODVHQSRFRVGtDV
 3DUDSUHYHQLUFRPSOLFDFLRQHVVHDFRQVHMDVHJXLUHQ
ORVSUy[LPRVGtDVODVVLJXLHQWHVUHFRPHQGDFLRQHV
 8WLOLFHFRPSUHVDVQRWDPSRQHV

Artculo de

Revisin

 1RKDJDJLPQDVLDLQWHQVDQLHMHUFLFLRItVLFREUXVFRHQ
ODVSULPHUDVVHPDQDV
 0DQWHQJDUHSRVRUHODWLYRGXUDQWHXGtDV
 6LGHVHDYROYHUDTXHGDUVHHPEDUD]DGDHVDFRQVH
MDEOH HVSHUDU TXH SDVHQ DO PHQRV GRV FLFORV PHQV
WUXDOHV
 6L HUHV 5K QHJDWLYR VH WH DGPLQLVWUDUi OD JDPPDJ
OREXOLQD$QWL'SDUDHYLWDUSUREOHPDVHQSRVWHULRUHV
HPEDUD]RV
5(&20(1'$&,21(6(63(&),&$6(1(/$%2572
 (VQRUPDOTXHSDVpLVSRUWRGDVODVIDVHVGHXQGXHOR
QRUPDO 3ULPHUR VHQWLUpLV DWXUGLPLHQWR XQ FKRTXH R
LQFUHGXOLGDG DQWH OR TXH RV KD RFXUULGR SDUD VHJXL
GDPHQWHHQWUDUHQXQDIDVHGHQRVWDOJLDSRUHOEHEp
SHUGLGRTXHVHSXHGHDFRPSDxDUGHOODQWR\GHVHV
SHUDFLyQ
 1R UHSULPLG YXHVWUR GRORU H[SUHVDGOR FRPXQLFDURV
YXHVWURV VHQWLPLHQWRV DXQTXH VHDQ QHJDWLYRV HQ
HVWHPRPHQWR1RVLUYHGHQDGDUHSULPLUVHQWLPLHQ
WRV\VtSXHGHHPSHRUDUODVLWXDFLyQ
 1RGXGpLVHQFRQVXOWDUWRGDVODVGXGDVTXHRVYD\DQ
VXUJLHQGR
 $ FRQWLQXDFLyQ RV DFRQVHMDPRV OHFWXUDV \ VLWLRV GH
LQWHUQHWGRQGHSRGpLVHQFRQWUDUD\XGD
 -RKQVRQ -0 HW DOW  $ERUWR HVSRQWiQHR 8Q
OLEURSDUDORVSDGUHV&HQWHULQJ&RUSRUDWLRQ

 1RUHDOLFHODYDGRVYDJLQDOHVLQWHUQRV6HUHFRPLHQGD
GXFKDGLDULDQREDxR3XHGHODYDUVHODFDEH]D

 ,OVH6KHURNHH  %UD]RVYDFtRV6REUHOOHYDQGR


HODERUWRHVSRQWiQHRHOQDFLPLHQWRGHXQEHEpPXHU
WR\ODPXHUWHLQIDQWLO(G$UOHQH$SSOHEDXP

 1RGHEHPDQWHQHUUHODFLRQHVVH[XDOHVFRQSHQHWUD
FLyQPLHQWUDVGXUHHOVDQJUDGR

 6XSHUDQGRXQDERUWR)RUR'LVSRQLEOHHQKWWSVXSH
UDQGRXQDERUWRIRURDFWLYRFRP

%LEOLRJUDItD
%RZOE\ -   $WWDFKPHQW DQG
/RVV 9ROXPH ,,, /RVV 6DGQHVV DQG
'HSUHVVLRQ /RQGRQ 7KH +RJDUWK
3UHVVDQGWKH,QVWLWXWH
'LFNDVRQ 6LOYHUPDQ DQG .DSODQ
  'XHOR 3HULQDWDO &DStWXOR 
GHOOLEUR(QIHUPHUtD0DWHUQDO0DGULG
+DUFRXUW%UDFHGH(VSDxD
*iOYH] 7RUR $ &RQVHMR \ 7RPD GH
'HFLVLRQHV 6tQGURPH SRVWDERUWR
$QRGLQLD DIHFWLYD YV SDGHFLPLHQWR
(YLGHQWLD &RQVXOWDGR HO GH 
HQ KWWSZZZLQGH[IFRPHYLGHQWLD
QDUWLFXORSKS
*yPH] /DYtQ & \ =DSDWD *DUFtD 5
Enfermera Docente 2010; 91: 37-43

 &DWHJRUL]DFLyQ'LDJQyVWLFDGHO
6tQGURPH3RVWDERUWR$FWDV(VSDxROD
GH3VLTXLDWUtD  
*yPH] 6DQFKR 0DUFRV   /D
SpUGLGDGHXQVHUTXHULGR(OGXHOR\HO
OXWR0DGULG$UDQ6/
+LJXHUR -XDQ &DUORV   'XHOR
3HULQDWDO0DUEHOOD+RVSLWDO&RVWDGHO
6RO&RQVHMHUtDGH6DOXGGH$QGDOXFtD
0RQWR\D&DUUDVTXLOOD-(O'XHORVR
EUHFyPRD\XGDUQRV\D\XGDUDRWURVD
HQIUHQWDUODPXHUWHGHXQVHUTXHULGR
%LEOLRWHFDEiVLFDGHWDQDWRORJtDKWWS
PRQWHGHR\DKRPHVWHDGFRPGXHORV
KWPO

2/HDU\ -RDQQ \ 7KRUZLFN &ODUH


  )DWKHUV SHUVSHFWLYHV GXULQJ
SUHJQDQF\SRVWSHULQDWDOORVV-RXUQDO
RI 2EVWHWULF *\QHFRORJLF  1HRQDWDO
1XUVLQJ  
3HWUR]]D -RKQ & (DUO\ 3UHJQDQF\
/RVV HPHGLFLQH &RQVXOWDGR HO 
HQ KWWSHPHGLFLQHPHGVFDSHFRP
DUWLFOHRYHUYLHZ
9DQ *HQQHS$   /RV 5LWRV GH
3DVR0DGULG(GLFLRQHV7DXUXV
:RUGHQ :LOOLDP -   (O WUDWD
PLHQWRGHOGXHORDVHVRUDPLHQWRSVLFR
OyJLFR\WHUDSLD%DUFHORQD(G3DLGyV

43

Você também pode gostar