New Control Strategy for Grid-Connected Inverter

using LCL Filter

Domenico Sgr, Silas A. S. Tibrcio, Ruth P. S. Leo, Raimundo F. Sampaio, Fernando L. M. Antunes
Energy Processing and Control Group, Federal University of Cear

1. Introduction
A new LCL filter design approach integrated to the control of the grid side inverter is presented. The scaling of the filter inductances are based on the harmonic analysis of the filter

output current. The approach deals with the presence of non-linear inductances and makes use of feed-forward control in order to increase performances of the feedback control,
and eliminates the need of synchronization procedure. The proposed control strategy is closely tied to the filter parameters design and it presents good rejection features to grid
impedance variation. Simulation tests with a 15 kW three phase VSI with a LCL filter have proved the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

3. No Linear Filter Inductance

2. LCL Filter Analysis

Considering the single-phase equivalent circuit of a LCL filter presented below, the circuit

Powder ferromagnetic cores suitable for high frequency applications present a non-

representation in frequency domain can be expressed by (1) and (2).

linear BH characteristic due to magnetic saturation phenomenon. In high current

ii

ig

Li

Lg

ic

vi

conditions, the filter inductances shall decrease in an unexpected way, compromising

vg

Cf

1
=
+
(1)
2
2
1 +
1 +

the analysis performed in section 2. For toroidal core the total flux can be related to
the magnetic permeability:

1
=

(2)
2
2
1 +
1 +

Wb

(7)

For real cores, can be expressed as function of the inductance current. In

particular, the permeability of the core can be considered constant only for a certain

The transfer function between and can be expressed by (3).

1
= 3
3

+ ( + )

1
2

+ +
( + )

range of current values, while decrease for high currents as effect of the magnetic

[Hz] (4)

saturation.

Considering (1) and (2) at switching frequency , the attenuation functions of LCL filter
are = + , = 2 .

= 20 log10

(5)

1
= 20 log10
(6)
2
C

4. Filter Design
In case of non-linear inductance, the maximum value of and corresponds to the

minimum attenuation, and is a function of the minimum permeability.

, = , =

,
10 20

, = ,

8 []
,
1

(
) 9 []
2
,

6. Results and Conclusion

To illustrate the features of the proposed control system, simulation results are
shown.

Obtained values are , = 356.6 , , = 618.8 , , =

295.4 , = 570.2 and = 4.5 .

5. Feed-Forward Control
Consider (10) directly obtained from (1) and (2).

= + + +

()
2 C + 3 C

(10)

Let 1 represents the maximum value allowed of () at fundamental frequency . From

this constraint, the max value of to meet this condition is obtained. In addition, if 1 is
very small, equation (10) is reduced to:

= + +

Currents grid.

FFT analysis of current grid to rated power.

(11)

Figure below shows the control block diagram of the proposed grid connected-system.

Currents through inductors.

Feed-forward and feedback controllers

response.

On the basis of the presented methodology the inductances of the filter are
optimized in order to improve both filter and control performances. Simulated
results show that the THD of the current is five times lower than that the maximum
value allowed by standards.