CHE443 HW1

ANALYSIS OF A THERMAL SOLAR ENERGY

SYSTEM FOR WATER HEATING
Kaan Gnay
2010405102

In this project, a family consisting three people in Antalya is selected to design a flat plate
solar energy water heating system. During the design process,

Average solar energy values for each month in Antalya,

Solar energy potential of Turkey,

are found and compared for a reasonable design. [1]

Figure 1: Solar Energy Potential of Antalya [1]

Figure 2: Solar Energy Potential of Turkey [1]

(Legend Explanation: Antalya is in the region where yearly solar energy is mainly between
1750-2000 kWh per year)

Average water consumption per person is 140
 and its 40% -which makes 56
- is
hot water. [2] Then, hot water consumption for this family is around 168
/ in a rough
estimation.
168
/ = 0.168  /
Water coming from the plumbing system is estimated as 16 oC and the desired hot water
is assumed to be 45 oC. [3]
According to the data obtained, heat transfer calculations are done as;
 = 
 = 0.168






1000  4.18
(45 16)  365
= 7433210


 
1  !
 !
= 2064.8

$
 !
3

For a reasonable design, global radiation value for March (in April the energy is at
maximum in Antalya, March might give a more accurate solution) is selected.
5.47$&  solar energy brings a 1996.5 $&  ! energy.
It is assumed that efficiency of typical chrome coated aluminum solar collector plate is
65%.[4] Since there was no data about efficiency in the catalogs checked, a general value is used
in calculations.
1996.5

$
$
0.65 = 1297.7 &
&
  !
  !

Solar plate area is calulated as;

$
2064.8  !
(=
= 1.6 &
$
1297.7 &
  !
Price of 1kWh electric including taxes is 0.44 TL in 2015.[5]
Then, annual saving from hot water is approximately;
2064.8

)
$
0.44
= 908.5 )/ !
$
 !

Even if the panel area is found as 1.6 &, the smallest panel in Kota is 2.4 & and it will
be used in the system. [6] Its cost is 1299 TL. According to the annual saving and system cost, the
payback period can be estimated as;
1299 )

1  !
1.4  !
908.5 )

Note: The report is based on average values. Depending on hot water consumption in
winter season, payback period is expected to be slightly larger since the solar energy will not be
enough to heat all the water consumed in winter season. In summer season, it is also possible
that some amount of water water more than required is heated or excessive heat is wasted.

References
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

http://baka.org.tr/uploads/1303486512GUNES-TURKCE-KATALOG.pdf
http://www.izoder.org.tr/dosyalar/Kullanim-Sicak-Suyu.pdf
http://www.solartek.com.tr/pdf/solartek_2010_teknik_katalog.pdf
http://www.ttmd.org.tr/userfiles/file/TTMD%20Calistayi-NALTUNTOP.1.pdf
http://www.bilgimanya.com/1-kw-h-elektrik-kac-tl-2015/
http://www.koctas.com.tr/gunes-enerji-sistemleri/kuzeymak-gunes-enerji-sistemi-km24-150-s-24-tup-150-lt-ges-duz-zemine-montaj/7858-13176/