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INFERENTIAL SENSORS
-
PROCESS SPECIFIC
LIMITED RANGE
USUALLY PROVIDED POORER ACCURACY
INFERENTIAL ADVANTAGES: FASTER RESPONSE, LOWER COST
= xe
=
=
=
:
Lets discuss
this process
T6
Feed
T1
P1
T5
T2
Vapor
product
P 1000 kPa
T 298 K
Methane
Ethane (LK) F1
Propane
Butane
Pentane
F2
T4
T3
L1
F3
A1
Process
fluid
Steam
L. Key
Liquid
product
CVt = "TRUE"
VARIABLE
CONTROLLED
The relationship between the flash temperature and the concentration of ethane in the liquid at the base case pressure
(1000 kPa). Changes in methane are compensated by changes in butane of equal magnitude and opposite sign.
Good relationship to true controlled variable for changes in the potential manipulated variable
Relationship in (A) insensitive to changes in operating conditions, i.e., unmeasured disturbances,
over their expected ranges
Favorable dynamics for use in feedback control
LC
Manp. variables
LC
Trays
numbered
from the top
XD= fraction
xylene
Trays
numbered
from the top
Changes in
temperatures and
distillate
composition for
5% change in
distillate flow rate
Trays
numbered
from the top
Changes in
temperatures and
distillate
composition for
5% change in
reboiler duty
Trays
numbered
from the top
6%
10%
14%
Changes in
temperatures and
distillate
composition for
changes in feed
composition
zero offset
FROM
DESIRED
FOR
FEED
T = - H rxn
C Ain
Cp
X A=
- H rxn
CA
CP
T = T4 - T3
wh ere
CA
Cp
H r xn
XA
= c on c e n t r a t ion of A,
m ole s / volu m e
= d e n s it y, m a s s / volu m e
= h e a t c a p a c it y, e n e r gy/ (EC *m a s s )
= h e a t of r e a c t ion , e n e r gy/ m ole
= fr a c t ion of fe e d r e a c t e d
= (C Ain -C Aou t )/ C Ain = C A/ C Ain
GOOD
PERFORMANCE
FROM
THIS
Figure 17-14. Plot of key variables for packed bed reactor inferential control. Note the significant
inverse response of the instantaneous temperature difference.
C