Engineering Hydrology Solution Manual 3rd Edition K Subramanya

Solution
Manual lo Engineering
Hydrology,
Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
Chapter I
I.I
1.2
.:II= I day
Qx lx24x60x60=(2.5/100)x200x
Q = (5 x 10'')186400 = 57.37 m'ts
10'
Period= ll.t = I year

Input volume= 140 x 10<> x120/J00 = 168 f\1m3
Runoff= Output volume = (2 x 3) + ( 3 x 6) + ( 5 x 3) = 39 rnl/s. month
= 39 x (365112) x 24 x 60 x 60 = 102.492 Mm'
(i) Runoff coefficient = 102.492/168.0 = 0.61

Abstraction= 168.0 - 102.492 = 65.508 ~lml
(ii) Due. to afforestation:
Runoff= 0.5 x 168 .0 = &4.0 ~ln1J
Abstraction = 168.0 -&4.0 = 84.0 f\11113
Increase in abstraction= 84.0 -65.058 = 18.492 ~frn)
1.3
Period= 6l = I month = 30 days

Input volume = PA+ l/JJ
Outpu1 volume = Qil.t +(G + E + T)A
P1\+ /t)J ( Q~I + (G + E + T)1\ J = change in storage =JS
PA= 13.5x1375x10~
= 2.5438 r-itm.;
JOO
10"
Total input volume = 17.5438 1'ilnr~
1
1375x10'
(0 + E +T) A =(2.5 +9.5 + +0) x -x
,
= 1.60 Mm'
100
10
1375xl0~
.;
.4S=SiSr=-0.15x
=-0.1031Mm
10,
Qt.r =[PA+ f.:11)-.:IS - (G + E + T)A = 17.5438+0.103 I l.60 = 16.047 Mm'
Ccnstnnt rate cf withdrawal = Q

1.4
l.:11-Qt.r = e.s = s,
16.047 )( 10"
30x24 x60x60
= 6.191 n1J/s
-s,
1!;1 = 14.2 x 3 x 60 x 60 = 153,360 rn'

Qt.<= 10.6x 3 x 60x60= 114,480 m'
Sr S1= 38.880 m'
S, = 15.5 ha. m = 155.000 nr1
s, = 155.000 + 38.800 = 193,880 m3 = 19.JJS ha.m
ftcopyrlghted Ma1er1a1'" "ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
Hydl'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EcMiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McG,av1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
(India) Pvt lid. This resource material is lot lns1ruc1or's use onty:
Solution
r.s
(i)
Hydrology,
P = l:A;P, I Lt,= annual average precipitation
(10.7 x 1030) + (3.0x 830) + (8.2 <900) + (17.0 x 1300)

= 110_~ 111n1
(10.7 +3.0+ 8.2+17.0)
(ii)
Annual averageevaporation E = L,.\E, /I.4,
= (10.7 x 530) +(3.0x 438) +(8.2 x 430) +(17.0x 600) =
532.4 mm
(10.7 + 3.0 +8.2 + 17.0)
(iii) Runoff coefflclems of sub-areas
Arca
Runoff coefficient
A
r. = (1030 - 530)/1030 = 0.485
B
,., = (830 . 438~30 = 0.4 72
c
r, = (900 430)/900 = 0.522
D
r,, = ( 1300 - 600)11300 = 0.538
For the entire catchment r= (J 105- 532)11105 = 0.518
=
l .6
FromTable I. I (Tex1book):
Atmospheric moisture
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
= 12,900 /(458,000 + 119,000) = 0.022 years

= 8.2 days
Global groundwater t, = I0,530.000n20 = 4787 years
Global ocean water 11 = I ,338.000.000/47,000 = 28468 years
1,
Hyd101C>lly, Thin:I EcMiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
(India) Pvt lid. This resource material is lot lns1ruc1or's use onty."
Solution
Hydrology,
Chapter-2
2.1
For thegiven data
'1.,., = 22.545. 'P = 130.43
From Eq, (2,3)
N = ( ~ )' =
and C., = 17.286
7;2~6
)' = t 1.95
"1)'
12,
Minimum number of additional stations= 12 - 7 = 5

2.2
P,
.=-N,[P,
--+
..\
J\f 1V. N?
From Eq, (2.SJ
P.,]
+-
J\1"
9.2 6,8
=-137[13.2
--+-+-+-4
2.3
125
102
76
10.2] : 12 ,86 C111

113
A double mass curve plot of IPA vs !PA is prepared (Fig. r -2.3). The calculations
are shown in Table p-2.3. II is seen from Fig. P -2.3 that there is n change in regime
in the year 1955. The correction ratio is the ratio of 1hc L\\'O slopes = J\il.,JC\t. =
0.9496/1.1796 = 0.805. The adjusted values of station A are shown in Col. 6 of
Table p-2.3.
c urve
I) eubte 1\l:1ss
T able o-2.3
I
Year
1967
1966
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
1960
1959
1958
1957
1956
1955
1954
1953
1952
1951
1950
1949
p.,
IPAv
161
146
130
13
135
163
135
115
143
155
164
156
193
128
117
152
p,
163
130
137
130
140
142
1013
1128
1271
1426
1590
1746
1939
1~8
2184
2336
155
2491
161
147
2652
2799
95
132
145
158
141
196
160
1
196
168
194
162
Finalised
values of
Adjus1ed
values of
PA(al Post
PA
1955 reuime)
rP.
161
307
37
580
715
878
2067
163
293
430
560
700
842
990
1085
1217
1362
1520
l 661
1857
2017
2161
2357
2525
2719
2881
129
118
158
135
156
130
161
16
130
13
135
163
135
115
13
155
164
158
193
129
116
I 58
135
156
130
Hyd101C>lly, Thin:I EdifiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
146
132
"3
1948
1947
1946
2945
178
3077
144
177
3220
Ag. p-2.3
143
116
142
3059
3200
3380
143
116
142
Probl11m 2.3
-coo
Bt-': ill th
3500
11r 1955
3000
..
~
~
,
,
= 1.17961(.
416.9
w :0.9997
2'00
'500
000
y
= 0,94.Mll 11.$0$
#:0.9998
sec
"'
500
SOO
000
2300
Cumulative P,,.,_.0
Cot.e (for values before 1955) =(Values of Col. 4) x 0.805

Col.7 = Finalized values or P,. for a11 years corresponding IQ the current (post 1955)
regime. The values have. been rounded off to the nearest cm.
The mean annual precipitation of Station A= 3165/22 = 143.9 cm
2.4
1'able r -24.
Cumulative
Time
(minl
0
30
60
Incremental
donth (cml
flainlall
Rainfall
intensity
(cm)
(cmlhl
0.00
1.75
1.75
3.50
2.25
4.00
4.50
ftcopyrlghted Ma1er1a1'" "ACd~ional resource material supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
Hydr'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EcMiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
(India) Pv1.ltd. This resource material is lot lns1ruc1or's use onty:
Solution
Hydrology,
Chapter I
I.I
1.2
.:II= I day
Qx lx24x60x60=(2.5/100)x200x
Q = (5 x 10'')186400 = 57.37 m'ts
10'
Period= ll.t = I year

Input volume= 140 x 10<> x120/J00 = 168 f\1m3
Runoff= Output volume = (2 x 3) + ( 3 x 6) + ( 5 x 3) = 39 rnl/s. month
= 39 x (365112) x 24 x 60 x 60 = 102.492 Mm'
(i) Runoff coefficient = 102.492/168.0 = 0.61

Abstraction= 168.0 - 102.492 = 65.508 ~lml
(ii) Due. to afforestation:
Runoff= 0.5 x 168 .0 = &4.0 ~ln1J
Abstraction = 168.0 -&4.0 = 84.0 f\11113
Increase in abstraction= 84.0 -65.058 = 18.492 ~frn)
1.3
Period= 6l = I month = 30 days

Input volume = PA+ l/JJ
Outpu1 volume = Qil.t +(G + E + T)A
P1\+ /t)J ( Q~I + (G + E + T)1\ J = change in storage =JS
PA= 13.5x1375x10~
= 2.5438 r-itm.;
JOO
10"
Total input volume = 17.5438 1'ilnr~
1
1375x10'
(0 + E +T) A =(2.5 +9.5 + +0) x -x
,
= 1.60 Mm'
100
10
1375xl0~
.;
.4S=SiSr=-0.15x
=-0.1031Mm
10,
Qt.r =[PA+ f.:11)-.:IS - (G + E + T)A = 17.5438+0.103 I l.60 = 16.047 Mm'
Ccnstnnt rate cf withdrawal = Q

1.4
l.:11-Qt.r = e.s = s,
16.047 )( 10"
30x24 x60x60
= 6.191 n1J/s
-s,
1!;1 = 14.2 x 3 x 60 x 60 = 153,360 rn'

Qt.<= 10.6x 3 x 60x60= 114,480 m'
Sr S1= 38.880 m'
S, = 15.5 ha. m = 155.000 nr1
s, = 155.000 + 38.800 = 193,880 m3 = 19.JJS ha.m
Hydl'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EcMiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McG,av1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
Solution
r.s
(i)
Hydrology,
P = l:A;P, I Lt,= annual average precipitation
(10.7 x 1030) + (3.0x 830) + (8.2 <900) + (17.0 x 1300)

= 110_~ 111n1
(10.7 +3.0+ 8.2+17.0)
(ii)
Annual averageevaporation E = L,.\E, /I.4,
= (10.7 x 530) +(3.0x 438) +(8.2 x 430) +(17.0x 600) =
532.4 mm
(10.7 + 3.0 +8.2 + 17.0)
(iii) Runoff coefflclems of sub-areas
Arca
Runoff coefficient
A
r. = (1030 - 530)/1030 = 0.485
B
,., = (830 . 438~30 = 0.4 72
c
r, = (900 430)/900 = 0.522
D
r,, = ( 1300 - 600)11300 = 0.538
For the entire catchment r= (J 105- 532)11105 = 0.518
=
l .6
FromTable I. I (Tex1book):
Atmospheric moisture
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
= 12,900 /(458,000 + 119,000) = 0.022 years

= 8.2 days
Global groundwater t, = I0,530.000n20 = 4787 years
Global ocean water 11 = I ,338.000.000/47,000 = 28468 years
1,
Solution
Hydrology,
Chapter-2
2.1
For thegiven data
'1.,., = 22.545. 'P = 130.43
From Eq, (2,3)
N = ( ~ )' =
and C., = 17.286
7;2~6
)' = t 1.95
"1)'
12,
Minimum number of additional stations= 12 - 7 = 5

2.2
P,
.=-N,[P,
--+
..\
J\f 1V. N?
From Eq, (2.SJ
P.,]
+-
J\1"
9.2 6,8
=-137[13.2
--+-+-+-4
2.3
125
102
76
10.2] : 12 ,86 C111

113
A double mass curve plot of IPA vs !PA is prepared (Fig. r -2.3). The calculations
are shown in Table p-2.3. II is seen from Fig. P -2.3 that there is n change in regime
in the year 1955. The correction ratio is the ratio of 1hc L\\'O slopes = J\il.,JC\t. =
0.9496/1.1796 = 0.805. The adjusted values of station A are shown in Col. 6 of
Table p-2.3.
c urve
I) eubte 1\l:1ss
T able o-2.3
I
Year
1967
1966
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
1960
1959
1958
1957
1956
1955
1954
1953
1952
1951
1950
1949
p.,
IPAv
161
146
130
13
135
163
135
115
143
155
164
156
193
128
117
152
p,
163
130
137
130
140
142
1013
1128
1271
1426
1590
1746
1939
1~8
2184
2336
155
2491
161
147
2652
2799
95
132
145
158
141
196
160
1
196
168
194
162
Finalised
values of
Adjus1ed
values of
PA(al Post
PA
1955 reuime)
rP.
161
307
37
580
715
878
2067
163
293
430
560
700
842
990
1085
1217
1362
1520
l 661
1857
2017
2161
2357
2525
2719
2881
129
118
158
135
156
130
161
16
130
13
135
163
135
115
13
155
164
158
193
129
116
I 58
135
156
130
146
132
"3
1948
1947
1946
2945
178
3077
144
177
3220
Ag. p-2.3
143
116
142
3059
3200
3380
143
116
142
Probl11m 2.3
-coo
Bt-': ill th
3500
11r 1955
3000
..
~
~
,
,
= 1.17961(.
416.9
w :0.9997
2'00
'500
000
y
= 0,94.Mll 11.$0$
#:0.9998
sec
"'
500
SOO
000
2300
Cumulative P,,.,_.0
Cot.e (for values before 1955) =(Values of Col. 4) x 0.805

Col.7 = Finalized values or P,. for a11 years corresponding IQ the current (post 1955)
regime. The values have. been rounded off to the nearest cm.
The mean annual precipitation of Station A= 3165/22 = 143.9 cm
2.4
1'able r -24.
Cumulative
Time
(minl
0
30
60
Incremental
donth (cml
flainlall
Rainfall
intensity
(cm)
(cmlhl
0.00
1.75
1.75
3.50
2.25
4.00
4.50
(India) Pv1.ltd. This resource material is lot lns1ruc1or's use onty:
Solution
90
120
150
180
210
Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
6.00
4.50
2.50
10.00
14.50
17.00
i.so
16.SO
0.75
19.25
Hyetograph of Storm
Fig. p-2.4(a)
14.0
~
~ 12.0
g _ 10.0
.
.
- z;
8.o .
=l'O -" 6.0 .
c
;;;
4.0 .
12.00
9.00
5.00
3.00
1.50
12.00
9.00
.: e
a:
3.SO
S.00
4.SO
3.00
I 1.SO
2.0
o.o
30
60
120
90
150
180
210
Time (min)
Fig. p2.4(b) Mass curve of rainfall

~
-a
:s. " e
" u
~~
~
ae
25.0
20.0
15.0
./
10.0
5.0
o.o
0
50
100
150
200
2SO
limo (min)
'l"olal depth of rainfall = 19.25 cm

Duration of Storm = 210 111in
Average intensity = 19.25 x 60/210 = 5.5 cm/h
Hyd101C>lly, Thin:I EcMiOl"l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
Solution
"d' IO = ~"""-0.1
--x-4
1000 998 x9.S l
2.5
d'=
4000x0.I
=0.0013
Jtxl0x998x9.81
2.6
= 0.03606 m = 36.06 mm
Average rainfall= 546.7 rnm
= 15% of Normal rainfall = 0.15 x 546.7

Years 1%4. 1971. 1972. 1976and 1980 were drought years.
Incipient drought condition
= 410.0
mrn.
Annual Ralnlall at Stauon A

1000
900
900
000 760.75
100
=" eoo
- ..
Ir
...
oo
c
!i
300
200
100
0
......,,_ -
040024
I- 380_
~ - - ~ - - ~
1--480_
~ ~
... ...
700
...
GOO
- sso S25 - - - - - -- - - ,
_
_,,,_
- - ~ -- - - - - - - ,_ - ~ - - - - - - - - - ~ --102 - - - - - - ,_ - - I- - - -
...
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
"Q,,. "Q~
"if
,..
~> '\II ~ ~o ~... ~ ~ --;. --4- ~~ ?
~ -~ ~
Yci,:,r
Rainrau at Station /.\
2.7
P = ...!_[(92
600
x (12+ 15)) + (128x (12 +9)) +(120x (9 + 6))

2
2
2
3))
+ (175 x (G+
+ (85 x (J + 1\1
= (l/600)11242 + 1344 + 900 + 787.S + 1701

Solution
Hydrology,
= 7.41 cm
2.8
The catchment is drawn to scale.(Fig:. P ~2.8) and using the given deu, lschyetals
of value 130, 110. 90 and 70cm11redn1wn and inter-isohyetal area determined.

p = ((9.5x 150) + (36x 140) + (25x 120) + (21x100) + (9 x SO)J =
rm
135
J9.5+36+25+21+91
Fig. r 2.8 Catchment wlth lsohyetals

2.9 (a)
[Compuration in Table-2.9(a)J
Schematic Thiessen polygons and isohyc1;1ls arc shown in Pig. P - 2.9(n) and (b)
respectively.
ftcopyrlghted Ma1er1a1'" ...ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
Solution
... .
.
..
'
..
. . .
..
..;
Im. .
'
.
..
-. .
'I
Hydrology,
..
..
.- .
r :jj;!j
..
ij.!:l:n
. . .
.. . . . .
.. ..
...
r
.
:Yll
lli:m. ..
-
-.
'
..
111
.
...
Flg. Pl.9(a)
fig. I' - 2.9(a) Thiessen Polygons
'fbl
n e P2?()
a
Thiessen
area (1\1}
P,
PA1
10.S
34
16
67
128
105
50
48
9.2
54
313
131
8.2
6.3
10.9
10.2
13.2
4Q
14.0
11. 7
83
11.2
Sume 582
rPA
P., =-'-'
A =61$7/582=
422
1396
1071
660
672
538
930
:!:=6187
10.6cm
2.9 (b)
Solution
Fig. P 2.9(b) Isehyetats

Table p-2.9(b)
Inter
lsohyetal
Average.
precipitation
area (A,)
8
14.0
13.5
12.5
11.5
10.S
9.5
8.5
7.5
6.0
57
85
290
308
90
60
22
22
112
770
1063
3335
3234
855
510
165
132
l:= 10176
Sum=942
(c)
P;A,
(P,)
P",= 101761942 = 10.8-0 cm

Ari1hnwtic1uan=(I0.2+ 11.2+ 13.2+ 14.0+ 10.9+ ll.7+6.3)n
= 11.07 (Ill
2.10
Station
A
c
D
p
102
120
126
108
o:(x'+l')
1ro
PW
0.200
20.<10
2
I
10
0.125
0.100
15.00
12.60
3.25
0.308
33.23
3
1.5
Solution
131
Hydrology,
4.5
1.5
22.50
0.044
5.82
Surn =
0.7n
87.05
P, =:!:PW/ zw = 87.05/0.777 = 112.03

2.11
St::irting from the storm central area the area between t\VO successive isohyc1s is
muhiplicd by the average value of 111c bounding isohyers 10 get incremental
vcluruc of rainfall. The calculations arc sho\vn in Table p-2.11. The average
depth is calculated by dividing the accumulated volume by the area enclosed by
the outer isohyc1:1I. 1"hc average depth is plotted against the area in fig. P -2.11.
T a bl e D211
1\
rea - 1\ vera2e dent hd ata

Total
Isohyetal
{111111)
Arca
enclosed
(km')
Ntt
lncremental
area
A verage
rainran
(111m)
incre
mental
Total
Average
volume of depth of
volume
rain
ralnrau
(1000
(1000111.J)
(n1n1)
11674.5
28115.5
41473.0
51000.5
SS 175.5
63538.0
67490.5
70028.0
72323.0
72760.5
21.5
20.9
20.4
20.0
19.7
19.4
19.1
18.9
18.6
18.6
Ill~
543
543
1345
802
2030
685
2545
515
410
2955
3280
32.5
255
3535
3710
175
170
3880
3915
35
*=This value ii> assumed.
21
20
19
1$
17
16
15
14
13
12
21.5"
20.5
19.5
18.5
17.5
16.5
15.5
14.5
13.5
12.5
(i)
By inte.~lation in Fig:. P -2.11
area or 2400 km" is 20.1 111m.
11674.5
16441.0
13357.5
9527.5
7175.0
5362.5
3952.5
2537.5
2295.0
437.5
the average depth or precipitation for an
ftcopyrlghted Ma1er1a1 .. "ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
Hyd101C>lly, Thin:I EdiliOl"l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
Solution
Hydrology,
Depth Area curve

22.0
21..S
<,
E 21.0
<,
"e
c
20.5
: 20.0
;;.
.!:41
19.5
"'
-. <,
"\
19.0
18.$
18.0
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
Aroa (km7)
Fig. 1> -2.11

(ii)
Area -Average Depth Relationship
By assuming the storm centre to have an area of 25 krn", the depth at lhe
storm centre is 22.0 mm.
HV(il'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EcMiOl"l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
Solution
2.12
Hydrology,
Table p-2.12(n) shows the calculations
for constructing the- hyercgraph of the
SIC)nn.
Table u-2.12{a)
Accumulated
Tln'e
(mtm
Inc re.111e11tal
lnte11sity
or
rainfall (n1111) amount

rainfall (n1111)
0
10
30
0
19
41
48
40
68
50
91
124
152
100
166
20
60
70
80
90
(n1n1/h)
19
I 14
132
42
120
138
198
168
48
22
7
20
23
33
28
8
6
36
The hyetcgraph is shewn in F'ig.p-2.12(a)
...
Hye1091pfl ol s101m or P1001om 2.12
"'
'"
"'
_114
"'
.,
.,
0
,,.
"'
-
30
.. . .
Tlme(mins)
"'
. .
Fig. P -2.12 (a) Hyetograph :>f the Storm

2.12(b)\'arious durations dt = 10. 20. 30. 40. 50. 60. 70. SO and 90 minutes are chosen.
Foe each durations the depth of rainfall in the s1011n at this interval is calculated.
(Table p-2.12(bi)).For each duration the maximum value is noted (shown by Bold
iype) and assembled 10 calculate the corresponding maximum intensity, ( Table ir
ftcopytlghted Maletlal'" "ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
Solution
2.12(1.>-ii)J. The plot or Maximum intensity in mm/h
V$
Duration in minutes is
shown in fig. P 2. J2(b).

Tbl
a e P212(bl)
Cla cuI'auen orM axrmum Dt!Pl h
Time
since
(min)
Rainfall death lmml for various durations
S1ar1
6!=10
61:20 61:30 61:40 6!:50 61:60 6!:70 61:80 6!:90
min
min
10
20
30
40
50
41
~
60
7
20
23
33
70
60
28
6
9()
Table o-2.12 lb-ii

Duration (min)
(mmf
Max. tntensily
{mmlhl
min
min
min
min
min
min
19
22
ti;1ax. Depth
min
48
49
50
76
84
69
42
27
43
56
61
35
14
68
91
105
111
112
98
72
83
104
92
75
124
133
119
118
152
1<1
125
160
147
166
Maximum Iutcusltv - Duration Data

10
20
30
40
50
60
70
90
90
33
61
94
104
112
133
152
160
166
156.0
13.i.4
133.0
130.3
120.0
110.7
198.0
163.0 168.0
ftcopyrlghted Ma1er1a1'" ...ACd~ional resource material supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
{India) Pv1. l1d. This resource material is lot lns1ruc1or's use onty."
Solution
Hydrology,
M.ax. lnten,ity
e,
Our01tion
...
"
gE 00
.~
.. . .
c
""
" ''
,.
''~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
"
50
70
EO
DuratJon (min)
too
"
Fig. P 2.12(b) Max. Intensity - Durati()n curve of the Storm

2.13
various durations d.t = 10. 20. 30. 40. 50. 60. 70. SO and 90 minutes are chosen,
For each durations the depth of rainfall in the storm al this interval is calculated.
(Fig. P 2.1 J(i)).For each duration the maximum value is noted (shown by Bold
type) and assembled in Table p2. I 3(ii) lo provide data for maximum depth duration curve, The maximum depth -dul'ation curve is shown in Fig. P 2. I 3.
Table p-2.13(i)
Time
$inc;e
St:in
fn'linl
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
tu.10
1ni1i
8
7
10
5
16
9
5
esee
tr,1,30
tr.1~41)
61.sc
6111Ml
4t1170
llt-80
tr.1~91)
''"
tnil'I
niin
min
min
1nin
"'"
tnin
15
17
15
21
25
14
25
22
31
30
30
I
30
38
40
35
46
47
45
55
52
60
I
I
ftcopyrlghted Ma1er1a1'" "ACd~ional resource material supplied wi1h the boOk Engineemo
Hyd101C>l)y, Thin:I EcMiOl"l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
Solution
80
90
Duration (min)
Max. Depth
tmm)
10
ro
18
12
9
7
Tble D-2.13 Iii)
3
21
49
39
37
56
52
42
6'
59
67
Maximum Demh - Duration Data

10
2()
30
50
60
70
80
90
16
2S
31
40
47
SS
60
64
67
40
ro
10
100
OuroUon (nt.inf)
Fig. P -2.13 Maximum Depth- Duration Curve
2.14
Calculations ae shown in Table p-2.14(a). Rainfall intensity is calculated for for

de storm at 10 ruin. intervals and de hyetograph is shown in Fig. P -2.14.
Table p2.14.(a)
ftcopyrlghled Ma1er1a1'" "ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
(India) Pvt lid. This resource materialis lot lns1ruc1or's use onty."
Solution
R;iinf;ill
intensity
R11inh1ll Dcipttl (mm} in any possible limo intllt'val of

Cumutat
'""
Timo
(min)
Rainfall
(mm)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
60
90
0
2.1
6.3
1-t.5
27
27.9
33
35.1
36.2
37
rrur!
N11l ll
10
20
30
min
min
min
2.1
4.2
6.2
12.5
0.9
5.1
2.1
1.1
0.6
6.3
12.4
20.7
13.4
6
7.2
3.2
1.9
14.5
24.9
21.6
18.5
8.1
8.3
(mmlh)al
.. ..
min
omin
min
27
25.8
26.7
20.6
9.2
9.1
27.9
30.9
28.8
21.7
10
70
80
min
min
min
10 min,
limo
inte.rVlll
12.6
252
49.2
75.0
5.4
30.6
12.6
6.6
33
33
29.9
22.5
3S.1
34.1
30.7
36.2
34.9
.6
37
l'aUd lin'>.
f1g.p-2.14
Hyetcgraph oruie sto-m al 10 mln.Hme Interval
Maximum depth corresponding to various durations is picked up fr(,>111 theTable p2.14(:1} and collated in Table p-2. I 4(b). Corresponding to each duration the
maximum intensity is calculated. The variations of the (\ laximum irnenshy with
Duration and of Maximum depth with Durmicn are shown in Fig. P -2.14(b).
1
>.taxi mum
Intensity
75.0
62.1
49.8
40.5
37, 1
33.0
30.1
27.2
24.7
rmm/hl
Duration
(Minl
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
12.5
20.7
24.9
27
30.9
33
35.1
36.2
37
>.ta:xlmum
Oeplh
Imml
Solution
80
~
II
~=
~ c,
y = 23.&10Ln(x) + 13-0.12
R' :0.9932
"' <,
70
60
<,
50
............_
~ ~ 40
E E
E, ~
E 30
E ;;
-: .." 20
::s;
y = 4.SS20x'""
10
R~ a 0.9734
0
0
40
20
60
80
100
Duration (min)
Fig. P -2.14 (b)
VariatiQn ofi\rlaximum Depth wifh Duration and of!\laximun1
Intensity '''ith Duration.

2. I 5 The data are arranged in descending order and the recurrence intervals of various
events are calculated in Table p-2.15.
Table e-z.
? l5
m
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Rainfall
(cm)
T (N 1)/m
122.60
113.00
I 06.60
I 02.20
99.80
94.50
94.50
92.70
91.00
90.70
87.50
87.00
86.30
26.00
13.00
8.67
6.50
5.20
(Vea1s)
3.71
3.25
2.69
2.60
2.36
2.17
2.00
RaXlfall
(cm)
T(Nl)/m
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
85.10
84.00
82.$0
81.00
1.66
1.73
1.63
1.53
1.44
1.37
1.30
1.24
1.18
1.13
1.08
1.04
n.30
76.00
74.40
71.30
69.40
68.60
66.60
65.00
(Vea1s}
Fig. P -2. IS shows the plot of Tin logarithmic scare and Pon arithmetic scale'. B)'
extrapolation of the curve T5'1 = 132.50 cm and T1 ... = 143.0 c111.
Hyd101C>lly, Thin:I EcMiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subtamanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a11on
160
140
120
.. 100
80
60
e
:.
r""
-=
40
20
10
100
T (Years)
Fig. P 2.151-~requencyof Rainfall magnitude
2.16
The data are arranged in descending order and the recurrence Intervals of venous
are calculated in Table p2.16. The cxccedancc probability J> = lfT ( in
percentlis also cnlculmed for each event.
events
Table o-2.J 6
Rainfall
(cm)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
(c)
120
115
109
106
102
I 01
95
95
92
92
Exceedance
T:(N-t 1 )Im p1obability in
(Years)
cercent. P
!rnJ(N+ 1)}x100
21.00
10.50
7.00
5.25
4.20
3.50
4.76
9.52
14.29
19.05
23.81
28.57
2.63
38.10
2.10
47.62
11
12
13
"
15
16
17
18
19
20
Rainfall
(em)
90
90
69
88
64
84
80
76
70
66
T
s(Nl)/m
(Years)
Exceedance
probabil~y in
percent. P
(ml(N I ))xi 00
1.75
1.62
1.50
57.14
61.90
66.67
1.31
1.24
1.17
76.19
80.95
85.71
90.48
9524
1.11
1.05
Fig. r 2.16 is a plot of Rainfall P in the arithmetic scale and the recurrence interval
T in logarithmic scale. From this plot (a) :11 T = 15 years. P1s= 118.0 cm and (b) :11
J:> = 100 cm. T = 3.5 years.
By observation of the probabilhy pin the table. it seen that
Alp= 66.67%
Rainf:11l = 88 cm
ftcopytlghled Maletlal'" "ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
Hyd101C>lly, Thin:I EcMiOl"l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a11on
Solution
Alp= 76.19% Rainfidl = S4 cm. Hence b)' linear interpolation. 15%

dependable rainfatl, Le., the rainfall corresponding to p=75% is 84.5 cm.
-
'ii
c
a:
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
1
10
100
T (Years)
Fi2. P 2.16
2. 17
Frequency or Rainfall.
The calculations are shown in Table p-2.17

Table 2.17 Calculatlou or3\'('ar ~10VillfJ f\.fean
3-year
Yea1
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
Annual
Rainlal
tcm\
Moving
Mean
tcm\
113.0
94.3
76.0
87.5
92.7
71.3
77.3
85.1
122.8
94.4
85.9
85.4
83.8
80.4
77.9
95.1
92.4
69.4
91 .1
81.0
94.5
86.3
81 .6
87,3
Annual
Rainfall
Year
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
197.i
<cm>
68.6
82.5
90.7
99.8
74.4
68.6
65.0
91.0
106.8
102.2
87.0
84.0
3-year
Moving
._lean
'""'
79.1
80.6
91.0
88.3
80.9
69.3
74.9
87.6
100.0
98.7
91.1
60.3
Fig. P -2.17 is n plot of the above 3-yea.r and 5-year moving me-ans. There appears to be no
specific recognizable trend. 5-)'e.tir moving mean srnoorhens the data much more than the
3-ye:ir reeving mean
(India) Pvt lid. This resource material is lot lns1ruc1or's use onty.
Solution
Hydrology,
120.0
3Y' ~loving fl.lean
Syf r~1oving Mean
~: -e 100.0
~~
~ tii
" E
: a:
..
80.0
:t
:
,\
60.0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
Year
2.18
Fi~. P 2.17
3-ye-nr & 5-ycnr ~1ovin~ Means
(a)
o= 1/50 = 0.02
"''" = IO! (0.02)(0.98)' = 0.167
9!. I!
IO.r=2
.
IO! 00 '098'
00 "
= -(
8! .2! . 2) ( . ) = . 1>3
po= 1-(1-0.02)'0:0.183
(b)
n=
(C)
2.19
p=0.01
(a)
(b)
P-">= (I -0.01)
,, = 0.01
"' = 0.605
2.20
Number of events = 4 + 2 + 5 = I I in total

venrs or record = 36 + 25 +4$ = 109
The even! is equaled to or exceeded I I times in 109 years of record.
Hence r=(I09+
1)111 =IOyears.
2.21
(ii) .r~ 120cm

(b) x~ 140cm
'r=71/11 =6.4S5ycar:;.p= lff=0.155

p= 3n1=0.04225
p,, = 2!_(0.04225)'= 0.0Cll79
-
()! .2!
Solution
(c) ,,. < 60 cm,
Hydrology,
p = 6/71 = 0.0845
Solution
Chapter- 3
3. I
At 30 the latent heat of vaporization

l = 25-0 I - 2.37 T = 2501-(2.37 x 30) = 2430 kJ/kg
p <density of water at 30'> (from Tablesje 996 kg/nr1
EL= cvapcrarion rate = R fllt: l
996 x
cZ:
x 1000) = 1.2395 x 10' mis
= 1.2395 x 10' x 1000 x 8644 mmld:t}' = 10.7 m111/day
3.2
By water balance for the l)ln

Pan evaporation = 195 + 45 - IS- 190 = 35 mm
Lake evaporation = 0.7 x 35 = 24.5 mm
3.3
Area =SO k111~ = 50 x 106 m:

Before reservoir: Nonna! runoff= (120/100) x0.4x50x10'> = 24 ri.1m3
After reservoir: Input in 10 the reservoir = 1.20 x 50 = 60 \\ln13
Loss from the reservoir= 07 x 2.4 x 50 = 84 l><lnr'
Net annual supply=. 24 [\'hn3(decrease)
Net overall change per year= 24 - (-24) = 48 r.11nJll>s..o> water
3.4
Mcycrs fonuula:
E," =K .. (e.. -e ,, )(l+u)

16
Take K,,.=.O.S and obtain e,. front Table 3.3 (of Te-xi book).
e..= e... R1t where R,. is relative humidity. Also

Thus Er,= 0.5(1- R~)e,,(1 +
11.,
":(%>'"
= I .2396 u:
~'6> Md the calculations are shown in Table p-3.4.
1'a bl e P- 34
.
Uonlh
Jail
Feb
Mar
A
i\lav
Jun
Jul
Auo
Sen
Oct
No.of
day$
31
28
31
30
31
30
31
31
30
31
30
(mm
ot Hg)
R,
t0.87
13.43
t8.28
26.74
33.67
38.75
32.82
29.00
26.34
22.11
16.37
0.85
0.82
0.71
O.J18
0.41
0.52
0.78
0.86
0.82
0.75
0.77
E,
"
(k'mlh)
(mm/day)
4.96
.o
5.0
6.20
5.o I 6.20
5.0 I 6.20
7.8 I 9.67
10.0
12.40
8.0
9.92
5.5
6.82
5.0
6.20
4.0
4.96
4.46
3.6
1.07
1.68
3.68
9.65
15.94
16.51
5.85
2.90
3.54
3.62
2.41
"'
(km/h)
Monlhly
Evaporatk>n
(mm)
33.t
47.0
114.0
289.4
494.0
495.2
181.3
89.7
106.2
112.2
72.2
Nov
.
ftcopyrlghted Material
ACd~1ona1 resource matenal sopplteCI with the boOk Engineemo
Hyd101C>lly, Thin:I EcMion w1ltten by Or. K. Sobramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
..
Solution
Dec
31
11.76
0.73
4.0
4.961
2.08 I
64.51
~-T~o~~~-=~~~20~9~8~.7~
Mean monthly evaporation= 2098.7/12 = 174.9 m1n/nt(1nth
3.S(a) By Penman's formula:

From Table 3.3 (of Text Book) A = 2.18. e. = 38.75 mm of llg
Frorn Table 3.4 (of Text Book)//.,= 16.36 nun of \\ater/day
From Table 3.5 (ofText Book) N = 13. 94 hrs. n/N = 0.646
From given data: e; = 38.75 x 0.52 = 20.15 mm of Hg
A= 0.29 cos zgO = 0.256: b = 0.52; 0 = 2.0 I x 104 m1nfday ;
T~=273T33.5=306K;
r:0.05 and oT,,'1= 17.7385.
Using Eq.( 3.5)
H" = 16.36(1 -0.05)(0.256 + 0.52 x ().646)
- 17.73SS(0.56-0.092j20. IS) (0.10 + 0.9 x0.646)
= 7.39 mm (If water per day
From Eq. (3. 15)
e, = 0.35(1 + l~~i4)(3S.75-
20.15) = 16.275
From Eq. (3. 13) '=0.49

"T
k
.
(2.18x7.39)+(16.275x0.49)
.
Pc. = 1a 'C evaporation=
= 902
. rnm1uay
2.18+0.49
Evaporation in June= 9.02 x 30 = 270.6 nun= 27.1 cm
3.5(b) By Thomthwaite equation IEq. 3. I 71:
From Tobie 3.8 (ofTc.i Book) Lo= I. 168 ;
Heat Index i
i1 = 4.004
;, = 5.708
i1= S.593
i~= 12.848
Hc-~11 Index i
;J= 15.837
Heat Index i
iy= 13.722
it.= 17.811
i10= 10.614
;,: 15.529
;,,:7.487
i12 = 4.600
is= 14.316
By D111n
r =33.s"C
I, :}:i; = 131.069
"= 1.51986 - 1.3245 + 2.34876 + 0.49239 = 3.036
- ( 3.17) e, = 1.6. x I.I 6ox( 10x33-5 ) '"'' = 3 2.ze
,. cm
Sy Eq.
131.069
3.6
lnf'low
: 10 )( 60 X 60 x 24 X 30: 2-5.921v(n1..\
Out flow
= 15 x 60 x 60 x 24 x 30 = 38.88 ~Im..\
Rainfall volume = ( 10/100) x 20 x ( 1000)2 = 2.00 f'.1ro3
Seepage
= ( 1.S/100) x 20 x ( 1000)' = 0.36 Mn.'
Change in volume =(25.92 + 2.00-38.SS -0.36) =. 11.321'.ihn}
HV(il'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EcMiOl"l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McG,av14iill Edvc-.a1t0n
Solution
Actual changc
e .
16.00 P.1111.l
Hence evaporatione 16.00-ll.32=4.68,..11n3=
468
20xl0
~ xl06)()00
= 23.4 cm
3.7
r, F
p,
8.68
8.94
8.76
8.26
P,T/100
0.5
2.1483
I
4.3985
4.2574
I
I
Sent
3.9731
8.3l 1.9778
0.5 Oct
Total 16.7541
Take K = 1.10. By Blaney - Criddle formula (Eq. 3.16)
E'o=2.;4x r.io 16.7541 = 46.81 cm
Unit
Month
June
Julv
Au2
49.5
49.2
48.6
48.1
47.6
..
3.S
Thomthwaitc formula (Eq.3.17):
Month
Jon
Feb
L.
ET (cm)
9.75 22.5 0.99 8.02
11.09 24.5 0.91
9.63
March 12.85 27.0 1.03
14.80
Anl'il
13.56 28.0 1.035 16.88
1vtav
12.85 27.0 1.09 15.66
June
11.44 25.0 I07
12.07
Julv
10.41 23.5 1.10 10.21
Aue
10.75 24.0 1.075 10.67
10.75 24.0 1.02 10.12
Seot
11.09 24.5 1.015 10.75
Oc
Nov
10.0S 23.0 0.96 8.33
Dec
9.75 225 0.98 7.94
I
l,='E.i; = 134.37
o = 1.6376 1.39206 + 2.4079 + 0.49239 = 3.1458 (1'11is ~'(1/ue is 11se(I in Eq. .1.17
1() cnlc11lr11t: Er i11 Col. 5CJ/1he obove Tllble)
"t.tT= 134.88 cm = 1\nnual PET
Hyd101C>lly, Thin:I EcMiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subtamanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
Solution
Hydrology,
Mean monthly PBT = 134.88/12 = JJ.25 cm

3.9
Herc J;, = 6.0
mm and rvl..\$\V= 120 mm

(1-p) MASW = (l-0.2)xl20 = 96.0 and E, = 0.65 x6.0 = 3.9 mm/d:iy
Day):
AASVl = 120111111 > (1-v) rvl..\$\V
Hence potential condition exists and E.. = ~ = 3.9 mm/day
This rate will continue till a depletion of ( 120-96) = 24 mm takes place in
the soil. This will lake 2413.9 = 6.15 days. Thus on Day2 the. actual evapotranspiration I!,= Eo; = 3.9 mm and Day 7 also will have
E.. =Er= 3.911111a/dny.
Day S: At the beginning of Day 8. A1\S\V: (120-3.9)(7) = 92.7 mm
Since AASW <(I - p) MASW.
E, = [:!~]x39
= 3n
mm
Day 9: At the beginning of Doy 9. AASW= (92.7 - 3.77) = 88.93 mm

Since r\AS\\' <(I -11) ~IASW.
E,= [ SS.93]
-x3.9=3.6tmn1
96.0
3. 10
B)' observauon of the data f. = 1.0 cm/h. Compuiarions needed for the plot of 111 (!J1
fcJ\IS uruc (h) arc shown in

Time
(h}
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1,75
2.00
the following table:
lnlittraliOn
capacity
f,(cmib)
5.60
3.20
2.10
1.50
1.20
1.10
1.00
1.00
lp>/0
4.60
2.20
1.10
0.50
0.20
0.10
0.00
f.n (11>1,)
1.5261
0.7885
0.0953
-0.6931
1.6-094
2.3026
o.oo
Values of LJ1(fi,-JC) nre ploued against time on an nrithmetic SJ!lph paper

3.10).
(Fig..f>-
ftcopyrlghled Ma1er1a1 .. "ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
Solution
Hydrology,
Third Edition
by Dr. K. Subramanya
Horton's Equation Prob.3.10

2.00
y = 3.11( 2.3466_
1.50
<,
l.00
R' 0.8903
0.50
'
o.oo
c -0.50
<,
' <, -,
l.00
1.50
2.00
'lo.
4.50
o.so
0.00
1.00
nm
Fig. I 3.10
1.50
2.00
t (h)
Derivation of Horton's equation
'The best fit straight line through the plotted points could be expressed as
/11(/~ - f,.) = 3. I I+ 2.3486
Thus K11 3.1 n" anc U1(jj, = 2.3486 giving UP- J:.) = 10.4499;
Since f., = 1.0 cm/h. /., = 11.45 cmlh
f.>
Hence /,. = 1.0 +- 10.45 e"11
3.11
Table 3.11
Time{min)
F,.(cm)
Incremental
infiltration
(cm)
fp{cmlh)
(1,.4,J
(Cmlh)
ln(fpf~)
r in
hOUI'$
0
5
2.15
2.15
25.8
22.59 3.117507
0.083
10
3.77
1.62
19.4'4
16.23 2.786861
0.167
15
1.45
17 .'4
14.19 2.652537
5.22
0.250
1.36
13.11 2.573375
20
6.58
16.32
0.333
7.84
4.35 I .~70176
30
1.26
7.56
0.500
40
1.11
3.-45 1.23837'1
0.667
8.95
6.66
10.18
1.23
0.48 0.73397
1.000
60
3.69
11.26
1.08
3.24
1.333
80
0.03
HV(il'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EcMiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
Solution
100
Hydrology,
12.33
1.01
3.21
ol
1.ss1
/11(J~{r)vs 1i111e 1 in hours is ploued as shown in Fig. P 3.11. The equation or the
best lit line is obtained as 111({"{..)=-4.1235 t + 3.6393. Thus K., = 4.1235 h'1 and
'"(f<>-fc)= 3.6393 giving (fo-!cl= 38.065 cm/h,
Since f..= 3.2 Jcnvb. /11 41.275 cn1n1.
Horton's Equation Prob.3.11
--...."
u
a.
- ~
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
" ;; 4.1235x 3.6393

R2 = 0.9676
<,
<,
0.5
0
-0.5
'
0.00
0.20
o.so
0.40
0.80
1.20
1.00
Time t (h)
1iig. l' J.110el'elopn)en1 or Horton's Equation
3. I I
Incremental infiltration depth values and corresponding infiltration intensities/,. at
various data observation rimes arc calculated as shown in the following'fable p-S. I 2.
Also, various parameters needed for plotting din'crent Infiltration models arc also
cajcutated as shown in Table 4. The units used <.ire}~ in cm/h, I~ in cm and 1 in hours.
Table p-3.12 Computationsfor Problem J.12

2
Time
(min)
0
5
I in
F,
hou1s (cm)
0.000
0.083
1.00
Incremental
infiltration
1.
(cll\lll}
(em)
1
12
Ln Fp
o.ooo
7
Ln
1(11)
2.46$
8
f/Fp
1.000
,..
3.-'6"4
HV(il'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EdiliOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
Solution
10
15
20
30
40
60
120
150
0.167
0.250
0.333
0.500
0.667
1.000
2.000
2.500
1.80
2.50
3.10
4.20
5.10
6.60
11.00
12.90
Kosli:tkov"!>. i::.gu:ttion:
Hydrology,
0.8
0.7
0.6
1.1
0.9
1.5
...
1.9
9.6
8.4
7.2
6.6
5.4
4.5
4.4
3.8
0.566
0.916
1.t31
1.435
1.629
1.667
2.396
2.557
1.792
1.366
1.099
-0.693
0.405
o.ooo
0.693
0.916
F,. (t )=at"
0.556
o.eoo
0.323
0.238
0.195
0.152
0.091
0.078
2.449
2.000
1.732
1.414
1.225
1.000
0.707
0.632
f.q.(3.25)
laking logarithms of both sides of the equation (3.25)

!11(!",.) = !11 (J + b !11(1).
The dma set is plotted as ln(t~,.) vs /11(1) on an arithmetic groph paper (Fig.P3.12l .Innd the best fi1 straight line through the plotted is obtained as
hr(P,) =i.9117 + 0.7.193 /11(1).
111e coefficients of Kosrinkov eqnnrion are b = O. 7393 and
Lit a= 1.907 and hence a= 6.733. Best filling Kcsuakcv equation for the data is
p =6.7331(1.t.t)>
'
Kosliakov's Equalion Prob.3.12

3.00.
2.50
2.00
...c 1.50
... 1.00
0.50
y ;; 0. 7393x + 1.907
R' = 0.996
j-----;;;'-'-------
0.00
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
ln t(h)
Fig. 3.121 Kostlakov Equation
Green - Ampt Equation:
f ,. =111+-
"
(3.27)
'
ftcopytlghled Maletial'" "ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
Hyd101C>lly, Thin:I EdiliOtl w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
values of fp (col. 3) arc plotted ngainsr I/ Fp (col. 8) on <in arithmetic graph paper
(Fig.P-3.11-2).
The best fit straight line through the plcued points is obtained as
I, = 9.0239(1..)+3.8375.
,.
The coefficients of the Green - Ampt equations are,,,= 3.$357 nnd
11
= 9.0239
Oreef\-Ampl EqiMtion. Prob, 3.12
"
"
10
:c
- '
~
= 9.0239x
+ 3.8375
R1: 0.9339
'
o.oo
0.20
O.GO
c.ec
1.00
. ..
1/ Fp
Fig. p-3.12-2 Green -Am1t Equation
Philip's Equation: The expressionfr{1)=
Yis,-X +
(Eq.3.24) is used. Values of
J,.
,.o.1(col.9) on an arithmetic graph paper (Fig.P-3.12-3). 'lbc best

111 suaight line through the plotted points is obtained as
I, = 2.9135 ,-ll) + 2.0461
(col. 3) arc plotted against
lbc coefficients of Philip's equation arcs= 2 x 2.9735 = 5.9470 and K= 2.0461
ftcopytlghled Maletlal'" "'ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
Hyd101C>lly, Thin:I EdiliOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subtamanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
(India) Pvt lid. This resource material is lot tns1ruc1or's use onty:
Solution
Philip's Equ:iUon Prob. 3.12
,.
12
10
_,,.-
~.
8
4
y : 2.9735 2.0461
A, .o.~7
2
0
0.0
Fig. 3.1~3
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
Philip'"' Equation
3.13
Computations needed for the plot of /11 (1!1{cJ vs ti rue (h) are shown in the
following table: Jn this test . the reading corresponding to time t = 110 min is obviously an
error of observation and as such is taken as eoual to 1.50 crn.
lncre-mental
Time(mln)
Time !in
nours
depth
Fi;(mm)
F.{cm)
durin9
interval
I,
(Cmlllf
({of()
ln(f9fd
(cm)
0
5
10
15
25
40
60
75
90
110
130
0
0.0633
0.1667
0.2500
0.4167
0.6667
1.0000
1.2500
1.5000
1.8333
2.1667
21.0
36.0
47.6
56.9
63.8
69.8
7-1.8
79.3
87.0
92.0
2.10
3.60
4.76
5.69
6.38
6.98
7.48
7.93
8.70
9.20
2.1
1.50
1. 16
0.93
0.69
0.60
0.50
0.-45
o.n
0.50
25.200
18.000
13.920
5.560
2.760
1.800
2.000
1.800
~.31Q
1.500
23.700
16.500
12.420
4.080
1.260
0.300
0.500
0.300
~
0.000
3.1655
2.8034
2.5193
1.4061
0.2311
1.2040
-0.6931
1.2040
Values of l11ifpfc)are ploued against time (h) on an arithmetic graph paper (Fig.P- 3. J 3).
Note that the data of 1 = I JO min is not included in the plot.
ftcopytlghted Maletial'" ...ACd~ional resource material supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
HV(ir'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EcMiOl"l w1ltten by Or. K. Subtamanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
Solution
Horton's
equation Prob. 3.13
4.0
::Jl
~
y = 3.2747X + 3.0612
2.0
R1
o.o .
= 0.9012
c:
....
2.0 .
-4.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
I (h)
Fi;:. p3.13 Fill.inf: of l!orlon's Equation - Problem 3.13.

The best fit Slraigh1 line through the plot.ted p~ints could be. expressed as
In(!,,- le)= -3.2747 t + 3.0612 with R = 0.9012.
Thus K, = 3.06 11 and /Jo({, - J,.) = 3.2747
giving(!,,-
ts= 26.435
Sincef,. = 1.50 cn\/h. /., = 27.935 cnl.11

3.14
Incremental Infiltration depth values and corresponding infllnntion intensitjesJ;. at

various data observation times are calculated as shown in the following Table p.
3.14. Also, various parameters needed for plotting different infiltration models arc
also calculated as shown in Table P3.14. The units used are J~ in cnl/h, F,. in cm
and 1 in hours.
Table pJ.14 Computations for Problem J.14

1
10
Incremental
<leplh
Time
lmin\
0
10
20
30
50
Time
tin
hours
0
0.167
0.333
0.500
0.833
du ting
F,
F,
rmml
icm'
9.8
18.0
25.0
38.0
0.98
1.80
2.50
3.80
'
interval
<cml
(cmlh'
0.98
0.82
0.70
1.30
5.880
4.920
4.200
3.900
tn F
0.020
0.588
0.916
1.335
Ln t
1.792
1.099
0.693
0.182
t!F
('-'
1.020
0.556
0.400
0.263
2.449
1.732
1.414
1.095
ftcopyrlghted Ma1er1a1" "ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
Hy<1101C>l)y, Thin:I EcMiOl"l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
(India) Pvt lid. This resource material is lot lns1ruc1or's use onty.'
Solution
Hydrology,
1.333
55.0
5.50
76.0
2.000
7.60
94.0
9.40
2.667
110.0
11.00
3.333
4.667
137.0 13,70
163.0
16.30
S.000
Kos1iakovs Equation: F"'(1)= o 111
1.70
2.10
1.80
1.60
2.70
2.SO
90
120
160
200
290
360
3.400
3.150
2.700
2.400
2.025
1.950
1,705
2.028
2.241
2.399
2.617
2.79i
0.299
0.693
0.981
1.204
1.540
1,792
0.182
0.132
0.106
0.091
0.073
0.061
o.sss
0.707
0.612
0.548
0.463
0.409
Eq.(3.25)
Taking logarithms of both sides of me equation (3.25)

ln(P,.) = /11 a + b ln(t).
'The data set is ploued as IJ1(Fr> vs 111(1) 01 an arithmetic graph paper (Fig.P-3.14- I .)and the
best Iii Stl'aight line through the ploued is obtained as
!t1(P,.) =J.4457+ 0.78411!1(1).
The coefflcienrs of Kostiakov equation are b = 0.784 I and
U1 a= 1.4457 and hence (1 = 4.24). Best fitting Kostiakovequation fol' the data is
F,. = 4.2451'13J'
Kcsttakcv Equation Prob. 3.14

3.00
2.50
2.00
u,
1.$0
_,e
1.00
y0.7841X .. 1.4457
Rl 0.9N3
0.50
0.00
0.50 '-----~------------'
2.00 1.50 1,00 O.SO 0,00 0.50 1,00 1.50 2.00
Ln1
Fig. P -3.141 Kostiakov Euanon
Philip's
Equation: The expression
I, (t) = fis ,-M
+K
(Eq.3.24) is used. Values of fr
(Col. 6) are ploued against ,--0s(col. lO) on an arithmetic graph paper (Fig.P-3.14-2).
best lit straight line through the plotted points is obtajned as
JI'= 1.9111''~ + 1.485
TIe
'The coefficients of Philip's equation ates= 2 x 1.91 l = 3.822 and K= 1.485

HV(il'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EdifiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a11on
Solution
Hydrology,
Philip's Equalion PfOb. 3.13

7.0
,,...,
6.0
--"
:c
E
s.o
- .,,...,
4.0
3.0
_,,...,
A7
2.0
y = 1.911)1+1.485
R> : 0 ..9593
1.0
0.0
0.00
o.so
1.50
1.00
2.00
2~50
3.00
Fi,::. P-3.142 Philip's Equation
(3.27)
"
(col. 6) are pJoued agains; 'I/ P" (col. 9) on an arithmetic graph paper (Fig.P.
Green- Ampl Bouation:
[. = nt+-
'
Values of J,.
3.14-3). The best fil sttaighl line through the ploued
points is obtained
as
!, = 3.97851. /'. ) + 2.30;.
'
TI.e coefficients of 1he Green - Ampt equations are 111 = 2.305 and
"=
3.9785
Solution
Gre.en Ampl Equallon-Prob.3.14

7.0
s.o
--"
.c
s.o
E ~o
3.0
:..-
..,,.
_,.....-
_...-
2.0
= 3.9785 .. 2.305
R1 0.8797
1.0
0.0
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1/F
ig. l,3.143 Green -Anlpt Equatieu
3. 15 Ccmpmmtons needed for the plots of/--,.. J~ and /11 (JjJ{t) vs time (hours) arc shown
in the following table:
Time
F,
(hours) (mm}
1
0
0.033
0.167
0.500
1.000
1.500
2.167
4,000
6.000
.
F,
(cm)
Incremental
inliruation
depth (cm)
'
(cmlh)
(fpI~}
Ln(fplc)
tp(mmlh)
7
0.7
3.174
240.00
0.8 24.000
23.900
9.750
2.267
20
2
1.3
9.650
97.50
1.35
4.050
1.374
40,50
33.5
3.35
3.950
37.8 3.78
0.43
0.760
0.274
0.860
8.60
0.17
0.240
1,427
3.40
39.5
3.95
0.340
41
4.1
0.15
0.125
0225
2.079
2.25
4.3
0.109
4.700
3
0.2
0.009
1.09
4.5
0.2
0.100
1.00
5
.
.
The vanauon ofjp (mnllh) with 1(/J)1s shown m Fig. P 3.15 I. The cquanon of
lhc best fit line is obtained as/p = O. 7598 (111j$
ftcopyrlghted Ma1er1a1'" "ACld~ional resource material supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
HV(il'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EdifiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
Solution
Hydrology,
Variation of Infiltration capacity Prob. 3.15
100.00
= 0.75981(11''
Ai= 0..9497
0.01
0.01
0.10
1.00
10.00
Time (h)
g. P-3.ISl
Fi
Variation of lnfiltrati(1n Capatily
TI1e variation of Fp (mm) wid1 l (h) is shown in Fig. P -3.14-2. The equauon of the
best lit line is obtained as Fp = 7.4827 ln t + 34.781
Vatlallon ot cumctenve lnllllrallon with TlmeProb.3.15
eE so
~ 50
y 7.... 27Lnt~) 3.7"1

Ala0.0503
~ 40
..
..
~ 30
~ 20
3 10
E
0
0.01
0.10
1.00
10.00
Time (h)
Fig. P - 3.15-2 Yariation of Cumulative lnriltr:1ti(1n with Time

Solution
Hydrology,
B)' observation of the dataf.. =0.10 cm/h. Values of /11(/JJ-/c) arc plotted against
time (h) on an arithmetic graph paper (Fis.f> 3.153). The best fit straiSht line.
through the plotted points could be expressed tis
fn(f,,- /,) = -1.9()95 I+ 2.3169
Thus K,,; 1.91h., and U1(f,,- / ..) = 2.317 giving (h,- J..) = 10.144 cm/h
Since le O. IOCm/h, f0 - 10.244 cmlh
Hortons oqwtlon Problem 3.15
..
::
g
5
'
1.0
0.0
1.0
:!.O
I
y = -1.9095x. 2.31
A, 0.9423
-ae
4.0
5.0
G.O
0.0
.O
2.0
----
a.s
2.6
Tim t (h)
<O
Fig. I' - 3.153 Horton's Equation

3.16
= J' t, di and Ji.=

'
(i) lo 4 hours cumulative infiltration
F,,
Fr= aJ(0.5+1.2e0$')<11
'
= ((O.S x 4) -
0.5 + 1.2 e.o.''
= [ 0.5r-~e0j'
~~
]''
0-(2.4)( e''''' -(-e")J = 2.0- 2.4(0.13533-1) =4.075 cm

Average infihrauon capacity rate =/,..,= 4.075/4 = 1.02 cnt/l'
3.17
Fp = 3.0 r"'
Differentiating wjth respect to time 1. J~ = (3.0 x 0. 7) i-0}
Att=2.0h. /p=2.I x(2.or"= l.7cm/h
A11 = 3.0 h, Io= 2.1 x (J.or11>= 1.stcntlh
Hyd101C>lly, Thin:I EdifiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1--Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
Solution
Hydrology,
3.18
340000 = 0.068 m = 6.S cm.
jCJOxlO ..
Pulses of uniform time duration tl.1 = 2 h are considered. The pulses are numbered
sequentially and intensity of rainfall in each pulse is calculated as shown below.
Runoff=
T blI.' D 3 18 Cal tuIauens

'
ror Problem 3 18
Pulse number
I
z 3 4
Time from start of rain 2
4
6
8
10
12
7
14
8
16
(h)
Cumulative
rainfall 0.80 2.W 4.10
7.30 10.80
I I.SO 12.40
12.W
1.00
0.60
0.20
0.50
0.30
0.10
fem\
Incremental rain (cm) 0.80 1.80 I.SO 3.20 3.50

Intensity of rain (/,) in 0.40 0.90 0.75 r.so 1.75
cn\/b.
Herc duration of rainfall D = 16 h.
ss = 2 h and
N = 8.
Trinl I:
Assume- Af = 5. tl.1 = 2 h and hence t., = 1\I. 61 = 10 hours.

Select these 5 pulses in decreasing order of/;. Pulse I. 7 and S are omiued.
Runoff R, =6.8 cm =
' -p).:.
I(i,
1=
'
LI,
.6 1 -11(5x2)
' x 2) + ( 1.75 x 2) + (0.50 x 2) I 10 <JI

6.S = (0.90 x 2)' + (0.75 x Z) + (1.60
=11.0-IOq>
op= 4.2110 = 0.42 cm/h
By inspection or fO\V 5 of Table (p-3.18). A1., = number or pulses having f 2:: qi. that
is 11 ~ 0.42 cm/h is 5.
Thus Jlf,. = 5= /.1. Hence assumed /lf is OK.
The e-index of the storm is 0.42 cn\/h and the durauoa of rainfall excess=
1,. =
10 bours.
Solution
Fig. P3.18 HytographandERH of tho Stm (Prob!om 3.18)
2.00
. ..
t.eo
~
,._
1.40
"s
'>.oo'
0.80
;,;;
e
.s
~
"'
o.eo
o..w
1.75
r. ..
0.00
0,75
O.<O
- ra,
-0.:10--
_1:index
= 0.42
Cfl'llh
:O:'i!tl_____
I n
0.20
0.00
"
"
Time (hoi.-s)
,,
Fig. P-3.18 ERH

3.19
Pulses of uniform time duration 6.1 = O.S Ii art' considered. The pulses are numbered
sequenlially and intensity of rainfall in eachpulse is calculated as shown below.
Table n.J.19 calculations tor Problem 3.19
Pulse number
I
2
4
5
7
10
3
6
8
9
Ti1ne front start of 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00
rain Ch)
Curnularive
0.25 o.so I. 10 1.60 1.60 .1.50 5.70 6.5() 7.30 7.70
rninfall (cm)
Incremental rain 0.25 0.25 0.60 0.50 1.00 0.90 1.20 1.10 0.50 0.20
(cm)
Intensity of rain 0.50

(/;\in cmlh.
o.so
1.20
1.00 2.00
1.80 2.40 2.20
1.00 0.40
Herc duration of rainfall V = 5 h, 61 = 0.5 hand N = 10.

1r;a1 I:
Assume A1 = 7. tl1 = 0.5 hand hence 1.. = r..t . .61 = 3.5 hours.
Select these 7 pulses in decreasing order of I;. Pulse 1.2 and 10 tin: crniued.
Runoff R,=3.Scm =
~)1, -11)<.11
'
= fJ, <.\
'
-1' (7 x0.5)
ftcopytlghted Maletlal" "ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
Hyd101C>lly, Thin:I EcMiOtl w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
Solution
3.5 = (1.2 x 0.S) + ( 1.00 x 0.S) + (2.00 x 0.S) + ( 1.80 x 0.S) + (2.4 x 0.S) +
(2.20 x 0.5) + (1.0 x 0.S) l- 3.5 ~
= 5.8- 3.5 'I'
'+> = 2.3/3.S = 0.0.657 crnrb
By inspectionof row 5 of Table. (p-3.19). A1, e numbcr of pulses having/,~ ip. thiu is
/,~ 0.0.657 cm/his 7. Thus Af.:= 7= AI. Hence assumed .~1 is OK.
The o-index of the storm is 0.657 cn\/11 and the duration of rainfall excess= t, = 3.5
hours.
Fig. P3.19 Storm Hyetograpt. ond AH Problem 3.19
es
"ii
:?.O
~
~
~
e~
<
...
o.s
0.0
,,
'=--"'=-""----'--1---'---'----'--1---'=--'
,,
0.5
ac
30
s.o
fig. P - 3.19 ERfl

3.20
Pulses of uniform lime duration lit = 2:0 min are considered. The pulses are numbered
sequentially and intensity of rainfall in each pulse is calculated us shown below.
Table p-3.20
C:alculalions for Problem J.20
Pulse No.
I
4
2
3
Time from start of rain (h)
0.333 0.667 1.00 1.333
Rainfall Intensitv (nln1/h)
18
13
6
6
lncremeutal rainfall depth in the
2.00 2.00 6.00 4.33
interval (1nm)
0.67
0.67 4.00
A veraze Loss =Q)x/it
1.0
0
1.0
0
1.0
1.00
Runoff (Olin) in 6.t
Total runoff
= 13.33
1.0
1.00
1.0
1.0
5.00 3.33
7
6
l.667 2.00 2.333
12
2
2
1.0
3.00
mm
ftcopytighted Maletial'" ...ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
Solution
Hydrology,
Calculation of w-Index:
Deduct initial loss 111 = 0.8 mm front the rainfall hyetograph. The firs! pulse will
have a rainfall of ( 2.00 - 0.80 = I .2 nun) and lhe resulting intensity is 1.2/0.333 =
4.00 rum/h. The resulting byerograpb is !IS follows:
Pulse No.
2
0.667
3
I.OD
4
1.333
5
6
7
1.667 2.00 2.333
1.2
2.00
6.00
4.33
0.67
0.67 4.00
IS
13
Time from start of rain (h l

0.333
Incremental rainfall depth in
the interval (nun)
Rainfall intensity of pulses

for \\'.index computauon
12
(n11n/h)
Trial I:
Assume A'1 = S. :l.1 = 0.333
h and hence I-: = l\1. at = I .667 hours.

Select these S pulses in decreasing order of/;. Pulse 5 and 6 are omined.
'
:2:(1,
Runoff R, =13.33 mm=
-~)<11
'
=LI,
((4 x 0.333) + (6 ' x 0.333) + (18

1.6<\7 ~
= 17.53 - 1.6<\7 ~
13.33
tp
<11 -~ (Sx0.333)
x' 0.333)
+ (13
x 0.333)
+ (12
x 0.333))-
= 4.211.67 = 2.52
By inspection of
tO\Y 4
1nn1'h
of Table (p3.20), A1, = number of pulses having 11 ~(I). that
is
Ir~ 2 . .52 rnnl/h is 5.

Thus J\1,. = S= A1. Hence assumed /\1 is OK.
The w-toocx of the storm is 2.52 1ru1\/h and the duration of rainfall excess
1.67 hours.
3.21
O>-={)60
.
cm/h
Increment
Cum.
tncrc-
from
start
;i,l time
(=M)
Rainfall
mental
rninf:ill
(11fi1 ua uo I)
(cm)
= ( <J)X 01)
80
100
= O>O
- crn ocr 2 0 min time steo
1"imc
0
20
40
60
=I-:
20
20
20
20
20
(cm)
0
0.50
1.20
2.60
3.30
3.50
Loss
0.70
0.20
0
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
sum
I.OD
0.50
0.70
1-4-0
Runoff
(cm)
0
0.30
0.50
1.2
0.5
0
2.50
Hyd101C>lly, Thin:I EdifiOl'l w11uen by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
(India) Pvt lid. This resource material is lor lns1ruc1or's use onty:
Solution
Runoff in each time Step is equal to the Incremental rainfal! in 1ho1 step minus
infiltration loss calculated as equal to ( cpx At). Nole 1h111 the initial loss hos already
been accounted for in lhe calculation of c-Index and as such does not appear in lhe
calculations. The total surfnee runoff from the catchment is
2.50 cm.
3.22
Depth
of
intensity
of
<p
%of
IOOcx
catchment (cm/h)
0.2
0.3
0.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.5
0.5
0.5
Rainfnll
Intensity
(cm/h)
0.8
2.3
1.5
0.7
2.1
1.0
1.0
2.5
I o.s
Runoff
in CJCh
sub-
Runoff
depth
cffecitive
Rainfall
rainfall
Ou ml ion excess
arc;i
over IOCJI
catchment
(cnvh)
(cm)
(cm)
o.o
1.3
0.5
0.0
1.4
0.3
0.5
2.0
0.3
(cm)
(h)
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
o.o
1.3
0.5
0.0
1.4
0.3
0.5
2.0
0.3
1.8
0.36
1.6
0.48
2.8
Total =
1.40
2.24 cm
ftcopyrlghled Ma1er1a1'" "ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk Engineemo
Hyd101C>lly, Thin:I Edition w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
(India) Pvt lid. This resource materialis lot lns1ruc1or's use onty:
Solution
Hydrology,
Chapter-4
4.1
For the ficst and lasl sections
=1.6875
Dlstance
Ill
from lhe
1eh
water
edge
Vo.>o
Average
widlh
Im)
Im\
V0.6d Ave1age
depth
velocity
Im)
tmls)
0.0
o.o I
o.so
1.097
2.813
1.530
0.750
1.5
t.6675
1.30
0.6
0.4
3.0
4.5
6.0
1.5000
1.5000
1.5000
2.50
1.70
1.00
0.9
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.75
0.60
0.50
7.5
1.6875
0.40
0.4
031
0.35
0.00
o.o
e.o I
9.0
e.s I
Segmental
discha1ae
0.00
I Sum=
II
I
I
0.236
commetu
Fst
seemem
test
secmera
6.426
Total discharge= 6.426 inJ/s

4.2 (a) v = ky"
I"
k ''
kd"
V=-J
vdv=-l
y" dy =-d
d
(1n +I)
11
v04 =velocity ~1 0.6 dcplh.that is a1 y = 0.4 d

v kd"
I
I
I
-=
x
x-=
l'o.tt
(ur+I)
k(0.4) ..
(0.4)"'(,,1+1)
a ..
Fot
4.2 (b) v.,
111=
1/6:0.16667.
;;
,,_.,, = 1.001
= k(0.8)" ti"
v,.., = k(O.IS)"d"
i
I
I
~---=
x-( '\: ~ "t) [ (0.8)" +2(0.18)"] (I+ m)
Substituting "'
= 0.1667.
RHS of above equation is equal to J.00036.
Solution
4.3
Hydrology,
'0)'
(2.0 + .:::_
2
For the first section 1\.' =
For the last section \11 =
..
water
Average:
edQe
\Vidlh
2x2
Ois-1an~
from the
oeom
rrm
rrm
1mi
=2.25 m
)'
LO+ LO
2xI
Revoh.1
tlora in
Tmin.
=1.125 m
oeeerva- Average
tion time
T ts\
velocity
trnts'
Segmen1a1
dlscha1rie
0.00
2.25
0.50
80
180
0.174
0.196
I. I 0
6
9
2.00
2.50
3.00
1.95
2.25
83
131
139
120
120
120
0.253
0.381
0.403
0.557
1.859
2.718
12
3.00
1.85
12\
120
0.355
1.968
15
1.75
1.65
1.50
1.25
114
18
20
22
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
109
92
85
120
120
120
120
0.336
0.323
0.277
0.259
1.764
1.331
0.832
0.485
23
1.125
0.75
70
\ 50
0.219
0.185
24
Commen1
0.000
0.000
Sum;
Firs!
secmeru
Last
aecrnent
0
11.895
ftcopyrlghted Ma1er1a1'" "ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk Engineemo
Hyd101C>lly, Thi.Cl EcMiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
Solution Manual lo Engineering
4.4
For the firs1 and Inst sections
Seelion
Average
Widlh
(m)
0
1
2
3
84.375
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
5
6
7
8
9
84.375
10
Oepth
(m)
0
1.8
2.5
3.5
3.8
4.0
3.8
3.0
2.5
2.0
0
_ (1s+~)'
"' =
= 84.375 Ill
2x7S-
Average
v.
Oeg~ees
0
1.75
1.84
2.00
2.28
2.30
2.20
2.00
1.84
1.70
55
57
60
64
65
63
60
57
54
vebc~y
(mis)
1.36
1.47
1.65
1,95
1.98
1.86
1.65
1.47
1.31
Sum=
Segmental
Discharge
(m'ts)
206.8
274.9
431.9
554.8
594.1
530.7
370.2
274.9
220.5
3458.9
Segmental discharge is calculated by Eq. (4.11) IL'i i!t.Q = \V x r, xVp

where Yi= depth at the 1'1hsection and
\')i = average vetccity in the i section = 0.9S x Va sin 9.
Discharge in the river= 3458.9 rn3/s
4.5
Area of time>- concentration curve =

(0 +3.0 + 10.5 + 18.0 + 18.0 + 12.0 + 9.0 + 6.0 + 4.5 + 1.5 +OJ x60 x60 x 10
units = 287000 x 109 units.
287000 x 10' x[9.8Ix1000] x Q = 300
Q = 103 inJ/s
4.6
Q = Q,(C, -C,)
c,-c.
Q = 4x 103 nrl/s: C1
= 0.50: Ci= 4x106
- 4x JO J x(0.50-4x JO') -SOO

Q,
4xl0
4.7
and assume Co= 0
,,
m1S
Q = Q,(C, -C,)
c,-c.
ftcopytlghted Ma1er1a1'" "ACd~ional resource mate1ial sopplieCI wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
HV(i1'0IO'l!Y. Thin:I EcMiOl"l w1ltten by Or. K. Sobramanya & published by McG,av1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
Solution
Hydrology,
Q, = 25x 10~ m'is: C1=0.200: C, = 45x10: Co= 10x104

Q
= 25 x 10- x (0.20 - 45 x 104) = 142.8 m'is

(4x10 .. - 10 )( 10")
4.8
"eq. (4 . 15).tor rmxmg

. . 1cngt11 .is _L_=_0_.1_3_B_c_,_(0_.7_C_+_c_c,fii)"'g"-)
gd
B = 45 m. C
= 20 10 30. d = 2.0
n~. Since L varies directly with C. for safe mixing

length adopt 1he larges; value or c. Hence using c = 30.
L= 0.13x(45)'
x30x(0.7x30+
9.Slx2.0
10975
Adopt L = 11 km
49
Pronenv Section A
Section B
73.293 rn26.S 18 ru
2.733 m
93.375111"
A
p
R
K
30.228 in
3.089 m
=-1-(73.293)(2.733)'" = 7163.5
0.02
AverageK= JK..,K11 =8422.4
=-1-(93.375)(3.089)'" = 9902.5
0.02
Fnll P = 104.771 - 104.500 = 0.271 m. L= 10000 rn.

To start with assume .<:1=(FIL)= (0.271/10000) 10 get JS;= 0.005206
Q= K
Js; = 43.85 m'is
Since 1he now is expaoding . eddy loss It,= 0.31!t.-
128
ti.I
A & B \\ith suffixes I &
2g
2 for sections ;\ & B respectively. The head loss

llj= (It,
v,:
vr
-lt:)+(:,---2
)-It,
-8
8
The discharae that sans

. f res this cuauon ts
. ~oun db v trial an d error.
v?~/Z,
11,"12g
Trial
llJ
~8
(Trial}
1
0.271
0.271xl0~
43.85
0.01824 0.01124
0.2754
s,
2
0.2754 0.2754xl0~
0.2760 0.276x103
Q = 44.2!) m,/s.
4.10
I Property I Section I
,,,
s:
44.20
44.25
0.01854
0.01860
0.01142
0.01)44
0.276
0.276
I Section 2
HV(il'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EcMiOl"l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McG,av1-tiill Edvc-.a1t0n
Solution
Hydrology,
102.70 - 100.20: 2.5 m

(12+2 x2.50) x2.SO =42.50 m"
(12 + 2,/5 x2.50 =23. 18 m
1.8335 m
"
A
/>
101.30- 98.00 2.70 Ill

(12+2 x2.70) x2.70 =46.98 m"
(12+2,/5 x2.70=24.074m
J.9514m
=1-(42.50)(1.8335)"' = 2122.2
=-'0.03
-< 46.98)(1.9514)"'
0.03
Av.:rage.K= JK,K! =2278
= 2445.4
andlr,.=O
Q=Kf=K.j$,
(I)
v!
y!
2g
2g
Also/~= (h, -h,)+(-'---L)

.
(2)
The discharge Q is found from Eqs (I) and (2) by trial and error.
As a firs1 trial assume h1= FaJI = 102.70 - 101.30 = 1.4 111
.SJ=
1.40/8000= l.75xl0~
Trial
'~
andQ=2278.JT,
s,
(Trial)
1.400
1.4056
1.4046
3
Q=J0.18m ...
Is
I
2
l.75x10~
I.757x 10..l.756xl0~
s:
30.14
30.20
30.18
\1,12g
Vi"/2g
I~
0.0256
0.0257
0.0257
0.02!0
0.0211
0.02!0
1.4056
1.4046
1.4046
4.11
(I) The stage -discharge equauon is Q = C, (G - a)-9

log Q = p log(G- <1) +log Cr
Y=PX+b
where Y = IQg Q and X =log (G - a)
Values of X, Ynnd XY are calculated for all the data as shown in Table p-4.11.
Taking dte logarithms
or
'fable p4.11 Calculations
S1a9e(G)
Ga
Olschaoe
(0)
(meters\
lml
(m'fs.\
35.91
36.90
37.92
0.41
1.40
2.42
8.90
9.90
89
230
360
3800
45&0
44.40
45.40
Log(Ga)
LogQ.
-x
XY
x'
v'
-0.387
0.146
0.384
0.949
0.996
1.949
2.362
2.556
3.580
3.659
0.755
0.345
0.981
3.399
3.643
0.150
0.021
0.147
0.901
0.991
3.800
5.578
6.535
12.815
13.388
HV(il'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EcMiOl"l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McG,av1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
Solution
46.43
39.07
41.00
43.53
48.02
49.05
49.SS
49.68
10.93
3.57
5.50
8.03
12.52
13.55
14.0S
14.18
5305
69
798
2800
5900
6800
6900
6950
SUM
1.039
3.725
3.869
1.079
13.873
0.553
2.671
2.902
3,447
3.n1
0.305
3.833
3.839
3.8"2
1.476
2.149
3. 119
4.139
4.338
4.406
4.425
42.135
35.533
7.135
8.422
11,883
14.219
14.688
14.737
14.761
141.833
0.740
0.905
1.098
1.132
1.148
1.152
9.853
From the above table

=9.853
LY =42.135
l: X'= 10.092
lY' = 141.833
(~X)1= 97.082
(l:Y)' = 1775.39
Sy using Eq. (4.2Sa)
p = N(l:XY)-(l:X) (l:Y)
N(l:X ')-(l:X)'
zx
0.548
0.819
1.205
1.281
1.317
1.326
10.092
l:XY=35.533
N = 13
= (13x35.533)-(9.853)(42.135) = 1.371
(13x 10.092) -(9.853)'
By Eq. (4.28b)
b = l:Y -P(l:X)
N
= (42.135)-1.371
13
x (9.853)
= 2.20206
Hence
C, =159.44
The required glluge - discharge rctauonship is therefore
Q = 159.44 (0- a)''''
(2)
By Eq. (4.29)(of1'cJtt) cocfflcicm or corretauon
N(l:XY)-(l:XXl:Y)
=-.=~~=(=13=x=3~5_.5~33~)_-~(9_.8~5_3~X_2~.1~3_S>~~~,/l(13 x 10.092) -(97.082)11(13 x 141.833) - (1775.39)1

= 0.968
As the value of ,. is nearer to unity the correlation is very good.
(J.a) When G = 42.5. as a= 35.0. (G - a)= 7.50
0 = 159.44 (7.5)1J11 = 2525 n13/s

ftcopytlghted Maletial'" "ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
Hyd101C>lly, Thin:I EcMiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-HillEdvc-.a1t0n
Solution
Hydrology,
(3-b) When G = 48.5, as" =35.0,(G-o) = 13.0

G = 159.44 (13.0)'-"' = 5368 m3/s
.Q.. = (!..)"
4.12
Q..
F.,
JOO = (O.SO)": Hence m = 0.60
580
1.50
\\1hen the
auxiliary gauge- reads 120.10 rn. Frill= 0.90 m.
Q=580x (O'~)"' =426.9m'ts

I.>
4.13
F;g. P-4.IJ
'1 lllrlllllC'S MU!od

- lf.60
4. 14
The regression equation is X =a Y + C

(Eq. 4.35)
where X =log (G - a) and Y =Jog Q. The value of ex is given by Eq.(4.35 a) as
N(!Xl')-(tY)(l:X)
a=
N(tY')-(tY)'
Values of X . Y and XY arc calculated in Table p-4.14.
a-205m
-
N-1.i
Discharge
Stagc(G)
1mete-ts~
21.95
22.4$
22.80
(Ga)
(0)
Im\
tmJiS'
t.45
1.95
2.30
100
220
295
Log (Ga)
=X
LogO =
y
XY
x'
Y'
0.1 St
0.290
0.362
2.000
2.342
2.470
0.323
0.679
0.893
0.026
0.084
0.131
4.000
S.4$7
6.100
ftcopyrlghted Ma1er1a1'" "ACd~ional resource material sopplieCI wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
Hyd101C>lly, Thin:I EcMiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Sobramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
Solution
23.00
23.40
23.75
23.65
24.05
24.55
24.65
2$.40
25.15
25.55
25.90
2.50
2.90
3.25
3.15
3.55
4.05
4.35
4.90
4.65
5.05
5.40
400
90
500
640
780
1010
1220
1300
1420
1550
1760
SUM:
0.398
0.462
0.512
0,498
0.550
0.607
0.638
0.690
0.667
0.703
0.732
7.273
2.602
2.690
2.699
2.806
2.892
3.004
3.096
3.114
3.152
3.190
3.246
39,295
1.035
1.244
1.382
1,398
1.591
1.825
1.971
2.149
2.104
2.244
2.377
21.216
0.158
0..214
0.262
0.248
0.303
0.369
0.408
0.476
0.445
0.495
0.536
4.156
6.77t
7.237
7.284
7,875
8.364
9.026
9.526
9.697
9.937
10.178
10.533
112.015
rx
= 1.2n
i:,y = 39.295
l:XY=21.216
lY' :112.015
N=l4
Subsunning rnese values in Eq.( 4.35)
"= (14 x 21.216) -(39.295)((7.:73) =0.4648
(14x 112.015)-(39.295)"
The coefflcieat C is given by Eq. (4.35~ b) as
C= (rX)-a(I-Y)
N
= (7.273)-0.4648x(39.295)
14
c, = <111tilog C = 0.1641 leading
(G-20.50) :0.1641
(b)
4.15
10
= 0.785
the gage-discharge equation as
Q'"""
When Q = 2600 1n'J/s and given that''= 20.50 m

(G -20.50) = 0.02246 (3500)''" = 6.342 111
G = 26.842 in
Q.
/1 + v..Is., dlrdi
Q.= 1
112
_Jli=
=3.lllx.10.sn\/'s
di 100x60x60
= ( 113600). Q.. = 160 m'ts, = 2.0 mis
s.
v..
Q,. = 160x ,,/1 +

I
2. x(l/3 600)
x3.ll
Ix
10>
= 164.4 111-'/s
Hyd101C>lly, Thin:I EcMiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-HillEdvc-.a1t0n
Solution
Chapter- 5
5.1
2
I
Acea (km')
Nlean
3
Product [I ]x[2 I
isohyer
value (cm)
300
450
700
600
137.5
132.5
127.5
122.5
117.5
6875
39750
57375
85750
70500
400
1122.s
45000
200
107.5
50
21500
ToUll =2700
Sum =326750
.
Mean annual R::unfall
= 326750/2700= 121. 02.cn1
(b) Annual runoff in cm = (65 x 365 x24 x60 x60)1 (2700 x 10") = 75. 92 cm
Runoff ccefflciem = 75.921121.02 = 0. 627 = 62.7%
5.2
Ta bl e D- 5?
- Comnutanons
,,1onlh
2
3
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
SUM
or
..
,,,
cm
Re-1>9t1e
G:iug~d
mondlly
flow
(ll1rn>i
UI
u1ifzation
llJ!m')
1.090
2.270
1.950
2.600
3.250
0.280
2.900
2.980
3.800
0.840
0.280
0.400
22.840
0.80
0.70
0.70
0.70
0.70
0.30
0.70
0.70
0.70
0.30
0.30
0.30
6.700
lloN
1!\lm~
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
2.400
From the above Table- p-5.2.

P = 86.60
IR = 38. 771
1: 1>2= 822.24
N = 12
By using Eq. (5.3a)
R
Virgin
lloN
ill.Im,.
1.490
2.770
2.450
3.300
3.75o
0.380
3.400
3.480
4.300
0.940
0.380
0.500
27.140
sVlrg.n
"''"
IAontllly
rn.inf.a!I
fern)
2. 13
3.96
3.50
4.71
5.36
0.54
<1.86
4.97
6.14
1.34
o.~
0.71
38.771
RP
'
(cm)
11.069
5.20
34.031
8.60
7.10
24.850
9.20
43.371
11.00
58.929
1.20
0.651
I 0.50 51.000
II.SO
57.171
14.00 86.000
3.70
4.969
1.60
0.869
2. 143
3.00
86.600 375.053
27.0~
73.96
50.41
64.64
121.00
1.44
110.25
132.25
196.00
13.69
2.56
9.00
822.24
PR= 375.053
ftcopyrlghted Ma1er1a1'" ''ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk Et1gineemo
HV(il'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EcMiOl"l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McG,av1--Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
Solution
Ii
Hydrology,
N(Y:PR) - (EP)(Y:R)
= -~~,--'--~,--'-
N(rP') - (Y:P)'
= (12 x 375.053) -(86.60)(38.771)
= 0.4848
(12 x 822.24)-(38.771)'
By Eq. (5.3-b)
!.R - o('t.P)
IJ=--~~
N
= (38,771)-(0,4828x86.6)
= _0_2535
12
Hence the required annual rainfall - runoff relationship of the catchment is given by
R = 0.48"28 I' - 0.2535 with both P and R being in cm and R ~ O.
when P = 15.50 cm, H = 7.23 cm= 5.061 f\tn1.l.
5.3
p.
Year
RalnfaU
(cm}
1964
1965
1968
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
90,50
111.00
38.70
129.50
145.SO
99.80
147.60
50.90
120.20
90.30
65.20
75.90
1165.10
SUM
A.
P2
A2
PA
8190.3
12321.0
1497.7
16770.3
21170.3
9960.0
21785.8
2590.8
14448.0
8154. 1
4251.0
5760.8
126900.0
906.0
2520.0
28.1
3782.3
5595.0
1592.0
4186. 1
42.3
2125.2
1310.4
605.2
400.0
23092.6
2724.1
5572.2
205.1
7964.3
10883.4
3982.0
9549.7
330.9
5541.2
3268.9
1603.9
1518.0
53143.6
Runoff
(cm)
30.10
50.20
5.30
61.50
74.$0
39.90
64.70
6.50
46.10
36.20
24.60
20.00
459.90
Prom the. above Table 5.1,

rP = 1165.1
rR =459.9
tr'= 126900
lR' = 23092.6
By using Eq. (5.3-a)
Y:PR=53143.6
N = 12
N(Y:PR) - (!P) (ER)

= N('tP') - (EP)'
ftcopytlghted Maletlal'" ...ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
HV(il'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EcMiOl"l w1ltten by Or. K. Subtamanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
Solution
Hydrology,
= (12x53143.6)-(l165.IX459.9)
= 0.6163
(12 x 126900) - (1165.1)'
By Eq. (5.3-b)
b = l:R - a(~P)
N
= (459.9)-(0.6163xl
165.1) = _21.51
12
Hence the required annual rainfall - runoff relationship of the catchment is given
by
R = 0.6163 /' - 21.513 with beth P and R being in cm and R ~ O.
By Eq. (S.4) coefficient of correlmice
N(l:PR)-(l:P)(l:R)
(12 x 53143.6) -(1165.1)(459.9)

=-.=========~~"'"-;-~~~...,...~~.,..,..,,..
,/1(12 x 126900)-(1165. I )1 ]1(12 x 231)')2.6) -( 459.9)'1

= 0.978. Further,~= 0.9572
As the value of r is nearer to unity the correlation is very good.

When P = 100.0 cm. R
= 40.12
cm
5.4
Catculatlon or Yleld of River Netravau at Bantwal
Year
endino
1971
1972
197$
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
Observed
Annual
Wiltld
Evapor
Flow
rawa1s
anon
IMCM\
llACMI
It.ICM~
IS925
14813
11726
11818
12617
1S704
8334
12864
16195
10392
16565
91
93
9S
97
99
101
103
105
107
109
111
'
'
'
Annual
Yield
IMCM)
16020
14910
11825
11919
12720
15809
8441
12973
16306
10SOS
16700
SOrte<i
Yleld
values
16700
16306
16020
15809
14910
14766
12973
12720
11919
11825
11676
Excee<lance
Rank
lml
1
2
3
'
5
6
1
8
9
10
11
ProbabUlty
l'l;m.'18
onss
0.111
0.167
0.222
0.278
0.333
0.369
0.444
o.500
0.556
0.611
Solution
1982
1983
1964
1985
198$
1987
14649
10662
11 SSS
10821
9456
9732
113
115
117
119
121
123
1-'766
10781
11076
10944
9S91
9859
4
4
10944
10781
12
13
0.667
0.722
IOSOS
14
o.rre
9959
9S91
6441
IS
0.833
0.689
0.944
16
17
A"r;,ge
12691
75% dependable yield= (by interpolation between p= 0.722 and p = 0.778)

is 10143 MCM
Average annual yield a1Ban1\val=12691 ~ICf\I
Average annual Yield for the whole basin = J269 I X 3222/3184 =12842 ~IC!\l
B> Kbostas formula R... = p"" -0.48 T,... ( in cm)
5.5
~IOnlh
Jlm
0.7
2
0.9
3
I. I
5
10.7
6
7.1
24
0
27
0
32
33
31
0
26
Mon th
Pm
I I.I
8
13.7
9
16.4
10
15.3
II
12
6.1
1.3
24
2.18
23
5.36
21
5.22
20
0
21
0
4.5
(crn)
T,,, "C
Rn
fc.111)
(cm)
r, "C 24
Rn
tern)
t.R.., = 12.76 crn
!.P.., = $8.9 crn
Runoff coefficient = 12.76188.9
= 0.1435
5.6
Table p~S.6 Calculation of f\1onlhly runotl hy Sln1nge'~ method
July
Month
Aug.
St:pt.
Oct.
Monthly Rainfall (mm)
210
160
69
215
Cumulative monthly rainfall (mm)
210
490
559
774
(Runolf {rainfall} as %(From

Stranoas Table 5.3-a\
2.2
10.7
12.9
20.1
4.62
52.43
72.11
155.6
Cumulative
Runofl (mm)
ftcopyrlghted Ma1er1a1'" ...ACd~ional resource material supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgine:emo
Hyd101C>lly, Thin:I EdiliOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
t.tonthlv Runoff (mm\

Monthlv Yield (m'l
4.62
47.61
19.66
63.49
41580
430290
177120
751410
To1a1 seasoeat viek:l l>dm')
1.44
Row 4 is obtained by using Strange's Tables 5.3-a. 1''ote lhat cumulative monthly
rainfall is used to gel lhc cumulative runoff-ratio percentage at any month. Row 7 is
obtained as
Monthly yield (mJ.) =l(ltcn1 in row 5)11000) x (Catchment area in ha) x JO"
Total seasonal yield =sum of items in row 6= 1,440,000 mJ. = .1.44 ~l_mJ
5.7 (a)
Since antecedent 5 - ~1ys rainf:1U is 25 mm and the season is donnanl
season, from 'fable S.3 Arv1C is of Type-It. Thus CN = CN11 = 68
S=(25400J68) 254= I 19.5
for orm-black couon soils
=(P-0.3S)'
. ~030
for
P+0.1S
P> . o
_ [s0-(0.3x 119.5)]' _ [so-35.85]' _

-.m1u
11 91
80+(0.7xll9.5)
80+83.65
Total runoff volume over 1he catchment V,;: 500x IO~x I 1.91/( 1000)= 59550
-
(b)
nt)
lf antecedent 5 - days rainfall is 35 mm, since the season is dorrnam season. from
Table 5.3, AMC is of Type-Ill.
From Eq. 5.20
,, CJ\ IJJ -
c,v,,
0.427 + 0.00573CN,,
68
= 83.27
0.427 +0.00573x68
$=(25400/83.27). 254= 51.03
Q= (P-0.3S)'
for P>0.3S
P+0.7S
__(S0-(0.3x51.03)]' __(S0-15.31]'
= 36.I 6 mm
80+(0.7x51.03)
80+35.72
Total runoff volume over lhc catchment V,= 500x 104x36.16/(IOOO)
Hence CN1r, =
= 180800 IUJ
5.8
Using Table 5.4 weigtued CN11 is calculated as below:
HV(il'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EdiliOl"l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McG,av1--Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
Solution
Land Use
Soil Grout C
Soil Grcur D
% CN
Product % CN
Product
45 95
4?75
30 95
2850
Cultivated Land (Paddv)

Scrub Forest
6
waste land
9
64
85
384
765
1999
Total
4
6
67
268
528
88
Tot.al 5071
wet
c1,g.hICdCN u-- (5071+1999) _707
100
By E<J.(5.20) CNm= O
O = 84.96
.427+( 0700
. 573x7
.7)
7
707
B E<J.(5.19) CN =
CN,,
=
l
' 2.28L-0.01281CN"
2.281-0.0128Lx70,7
= 51.41
5.9
Given CNu= 73. Using Eq.(5.20) CN1u=
s = (25400/1l6.36)-254
730
= 86.36
0.427 + (0.00573x 73.0)
= 4(1, 12
The. retevant runoff equation for Black soil and At-.1C-lll is

Q= (P-0.IS)' = [P-(O.lx40.12))'
= [P-4.012)'
P+0.9S
P+(0.9x40.12)
P+36.ll
Dav f>tmnti
I
65
2
'IQU1I
Otmm\
36.79
49.73
rot.11 = 86.52 nun
80
runoff volume over the carchrneru V..= 400_:t10Jx86.52/( 1000) = 346080 m3
5.10
Using Table 5.4 weighted CN11 is calculated as below:
Land Use
Soil GrouD D
Total
Soil Grouo C
CN
Product
CN
Product
55
27.5
76
2090
27.5
79
2172.S
45
22.5
85
1912.5
22.5
88
1980
Cultiv.-i1ed
-Good
Bunding}
waste
land
Solution
I Total I 4002.5
wc1ghtcdCN u _<1s2.;.4002.s>_s15JOO
-
I Total I 4152.5
. :>
81.55
By E<J.(>.20) CNm= O.427+(. O OO51 l Xol.55)
= 91.1
Using standard SCS-CN equations
s = (25400/91.19).
254
= 24.54
Q= (P-0.2S)'
for P> 0.2S
P+0.8S
(150- (0.2 x 24.54)]' = 124. t mm

150+ (0.8 x 24.54)
Total runoff volume over 'he catchment V r= 500x 104x 124.1/( 1000) = 620500 mJ
5. t I:
Given CNu1 = CN = 77.
S = (25400n7)-254 = 75.87
(P-0.2S)'
P+O.SS
Q=
for P>0.2S
_ (P-(0.2x75.87))'
P+(O.Sx75.87J
_(P-IS.17]',
P+flJ.1
[lay
P (min)
Q (min)
30
2.42
50
13
10.96
0
~1517
10rr;o ..
mn1
Total Q = I 3.38 mm
Total runoff \'Olu111e over 'he catch1nen1Vr=680x 104x I 3.38/(1000) = 909841nl
5.12
Using Table 5.6-a weighted CNn is csjculatcd as below:
Land Use
Row
croos
Soil Groue B
(ha)
CN
Product
400
86
34400
Solution
I Pasture
TOLttl
\Ve1gJned CNu
1100 161
16100
40500
=- -40500 81
5100
By llq.(5.24) CNm= 0.427 + (O~~~~?Jx&l.O)
= 90.9
Using standard SCSCN equations
s = (25400/90.9). 254 = 25.43

Q.-
(P-0.2S)'
for P> 0.2S
P+Q.&S
(P-(0.2x25.43))'
P + (O.Sx 25.43)
(P-5.09)'
P + 20.34
011
P mm
90
100
5.13
(a) Calculation of weighted CN
Since Al\<tC e Category LI. using Table 5.6(:i) weighted CN11 is calculated ns
below:
Landuse
Total
%
Resi~
dcntial
Paved
Soil Group B
(35%)
Prod.
% CN
S-Oil Group C (4W>)
CN
8()
28
85
2380 32
90
20
98
686
98
erg htedCN u = (3006+3664+2330)

100
\V.
I P11id.
2880
I 784
Soil Group 0
(25%)
%
CN rn...t
20
92
1840
98
490
= 90,..v
Using Standard SCS-CN equations

ftcopyrlghted Material'" "ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
Solution
Hydrology,
s = (25400190.6)254=26.35
Q= (P-0.2S)' forP>0.2S
P+0.8S
_ (150-(0.2x 26.35))' _
- 122 4 Olm
150+ (O.Sx 26.35)
(b) Before urbanizauon: 1\1\,IC e Category II
Land use Total

Pasture
Soil Group C
Soil Group B
(35%)
100
% CN Pfod.
35 79 2765
. h dCN u = (2765+3440+2225)
\veie,ute
100
Using Standard SCSC~' equations
s = (25400/84.3)-254=47.3
Soil Group D
(40%)
CN l'rod. %
86 3440 25
%
40
(25%)
CN Prod.
89 2225
= 84,..l
Q= (P-0.2S)' for P>0.2S

P+0.8S
(150- (0.2 x 47.3))' = 10-~.!)Olm

1150+(0.8x47.3)
fi
. . = (122.4-105.S )xJ 00
Percentage increase m runon'[d ue 10 urbamzanon
105.15
= 16%
=
5.14
N.a 1095
a.
Number of
Oischactte
a: 350
250 .349
150 249
100. 1~9
4099
20. 39
15. 24.9
10 14.9
Pp
lm/lN.1}100
occvuences currunanve
6
30
60
121
137
169
232
183
6
36
96
217
354
523
755
938
lowest
value in
the ranee
350
250
150
100
40
47.7
20
15
68.9
85.8
10
0.5
3.3
8.8
19.8
32.3
I
I
HV(ir'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EcMiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McG,av1-Hill Edvc-.a11on
10751
1095
98.1
99.9
100
1 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
10
100
Pp
Fig,. PS.15 Problem 5.14
.S. J.S
The- calculations an: shown in Table' p-S. l.S. Nole that the flrst entry in Col.
7 corresponding I() June ls negative and the entry corresponding 10 the month of May is
also negative. As such. one more series of data covering 12 months from June 10 May
is added sequentially. thus giving two water years of data.
ftcopyrlghted
Ma1er1a1'"
"ACd~ional resource
mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
SISCll'!I cu aucn o rs~ toraue

T3 bl en- .
r..tean
Month
Inflow
<ale
(m'ls)
rnllO\v
Volume
(eumec
.day)
Demand
rate
(m3/S)
Demand
volume
(cumec.
day}
Oepa1
wre
!oot3
col.5}
Cum.
excess
demand
volume
(cumec.
day)
2700
90
2100
2100
1860
90
2790 I
930
3000
6200
90
2190 I 3410
2700
Seot
9000
90
6300
2790
3410
CCI
6200
90
Nov
4500
90
2700
1800
3100
2790
310
Dec
90
Jan
2480
2790
90
310
310
Feb
1680
-840
90
2520
1150
Mar
1240
90
2190 I l 550
2100
iii
2700
1600
4500
900
90
Mav
775
2790
2015
6515
90
Jun
600
90
2700
2100
861 s
Julv
1860
2790
.9545
90
-930
lwn
3410
6200
90
2190 I
Sen11
9000
90
2100 I 6300
2790
3410
Oct
6200
90
Nov
4500
2700
1800
90
Oecr
3100
2790
310
90
Jan
2480
90
2790
310
310
Feb
1660
2520
-840
1150
90
Mer
1240
2790
90
I 550
-2700
fil
900
90
2700
1800
4500
Mav
775
90
2790
2015
6515
. .
.
Minimum storage capacny required= 954!) cumec.day
S.16 r...o cycles of data are used to give distinctive Peaks and valleys.
Table 5.1 6
Jun
Julv
;Wn
20
60
200
300
200
150
100
80
60
40
30
25
20
60
200
300
200
150
100
80
60
40
30
25
SI.
No.
~~onlh
Cum.
excess
Inflow
volume
(cumec
day)
600
3410
9710
13120
14920
15230
3410
6300
3410
1800
310
--
Mean inflow
ra;e(m3/s)
lnllow
Volume
(cumec. day)
1 Jun
2 Julv
20
60
3 Auo
I
resource
200
600
1860
6200
Cumulalive
monthly inflow
v<>lume
rcumec.dav\
600
2460
8660
ftcopytlghted Matetlal" ...ACd~ional

Solution
4 Sen1em~1
5 oei
6 Nov
7
December
8 Jan
9 Feb
10 >.1ar
11
Aoril
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
>.1av
Jun
Julv
Aun
SeDtember
OCI
Nov
necember
Jan
Feb
>.1a1
Aoril
.1av
300
200
150
I 00
80
60
40
30
25
20
60
200
300
200 I
150
I 00
80
60
40
30
25
9000
6200
4500
17660
23850
28360
3100
2480
1680
1240
31460
900
37760
n5
38535
1860
6200
9000
6200
4500
39135
40995
47195
56195
62395
66895
soo
3100
2-480
1680
1240
900
n5
33940
35620
36850
69995
72475
74155
75395
76295
77070
Solution
4~
'
40
ITTTT
'
lj' . i
...
I
'
' '.
,.
"
"
'
'
.
I
..
'
15
.'. I.
'
..
11111
..
'
'
."
'
..
..
' '
..
"' "
' '
'
'
11
'
'
'
10
1~11
.
'~l f . '
25
JI
'
C. ;
llmtf
..
30
20
..
'
' '
.iw,
111 ! I
35
iJlU
'
'
'l1
'
11rn1
'
'
Fii:. P - 5.16 ~lass curve of Flow

Calculations ate shewn in Table p-5.16 and 1he mass curve in Fig. P-5.16. From the mass
curve it is seen lhat

(a)
(b)
Minimum storage required for uniform demandof70 111)/s is 5700 cumec. Day
f...10061 imum uniform rate of whbdrawable from a storage of 7500 cumec. Day is
82 1n,,./s
5.17
Table o-5.17
r.tonth
Jan
lnfiOw
volume
Oemand
Volume
IMCMI
IMCMI
50
40
30
25
20
30
200
225
150
90
70
60
Cumulative
Cumulative
El<cess
El<cess
(l.nfk>\V
Demand
inflow
Oemandl
IMCMl
20
Feb
.35
Mar
50
An
60
Mav
110
Jun
90
Jul
175
Auo
200
110
Seo
Oc1
45
Nov
20
Oec
,0
Minimum storage required = 365 P.'1111
..
70
75
80
65
130
120
25
25
40
45
50
60
catculatlons ares
5. I 8
town m
'T ab e
IMC Ml
-20
.55
105
165
275
365
175
375
485
530
550
550
P5 .1 8.
NOi
lnll:>W
\'Olume
IAonth WCM'
Jan
Feb
r.tar
Aot
r.~.av
Jun
Jul
Aun
Seo
oer
Nov
Dec
Jan
....
Feb
A
Mav
Jun
Jul
50
40
30
25
20
30
200
225
150
90
70
60
50
40
30
25
20
30
200
Ev"'
tnllow
r:sticH'I
R:sinl:iH
IMCf.ll
MC1,f1
0,18
0
0
0
0
3.42
7,74
1.02
3.96
1.06
0.36
0.18
0.18
0
0
0
0
3.42
7.74
1.8
2.
3.9
5.1
6.6
6.6
4.2
3.3
3.9
3.6
2.1
1.5
1.8
2.4
3.9
5.1
6.6
6.6
4.2
Volume
11.ACr,11
48.36
37.6
26.1
19.9
'3.4
26.82
203.54
228.72
150.06
67.48
68.26
56.68
48.38
37.6
26.l
19.9
l 3.4
26.82
203.54
Demand
Volume
,,,,c,,11
70
75
80
65
130
120
25
25
40
45
50
60
70
75
80
85
130
120
25
Cumul.
Cumul
{Net
EKCC$~
EKCC~~
hlflO'N
O~mand
llACr.11
11.AC1t11
Oema .....
21,62
37.4
-53.9
65. l
116.6
93.18
178.54
203.72
110.06
42.48
18.26
1.32
21.62
-37.4
53.9
65. 1
116.6
93.18
178.54
in!IO'N
20
-57.4
111.3
176.4
293
386.18
176.54
362.26
492.32
534,8
553.06
1.32
-22.94
-60.3'1
114.24
179.34
295.94
389.12
176.54
ftcopytlghted Maletial'" ...ACd~ional resource material supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
Aua
Seo
Oct
Nov
Dec
225
15()
90
3.3
7.02
228.72
150.06
3.9
3.96
87.48
3.6
1.09
2.1
70
0.36
68.26
0.18
60
1.5
58.68
..
New rmounum
s;orage recuement = 389.12
25
40
45
50
60
MCM
200.72
110.06
42.48
18.26
1.32
362.26
492.32
534.8
553.06
Evaporation volume= (E (cm)llOO) x 30 x 10" = 0.3 E l\o1m:t

Rainfall contribution= (P{cm)llOO} x( I ~ 0.4) x 30 x 106 = 0.18 P Mm:t
Net inflow volume = Virgin flow - Evaporation + Precipitation
Since the demand for the month of December is in sequence with January to June demand
in the sense thnt the excess demand in these months is negative, two cycles of data are run.
5.19 The given data is for two years and 11.s such the sequent peak algorithm catculmions
are performed for 2 x 2 = 4 years. Calculations are shown in Table p- 5.19.
1'able - s.. I 9
No.
Days
h'llOw
In me
Demand
volume
lha.m\
Mon1h
month
volume
iha.m\
Jan
Feb
31
28
31
30
3t
30
31
31
30
31
30
31
31
28
31
30
31
30
31
31
30
Ma
r
Mav
Jun
Jul
Ava
Seo
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Ma.
'
Mav
Jun
Jul
Ava
Seo
1
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
31
30
31
31
57.40
65.50
28.60
32.80
36.90
24.60
10.20
2.10
2.10
2.10
4.10
6.20
10.2
30.8
43.1
53.t
38.9
28.9
16.4
12.3
12.3
2
4.1
6.2
2.1
57.40
18.75
16.93
18.75
18.14
18.75
18.14
16.75
18.75
18.14
t8.75
NCI
tnllOlo\'
i
I
I
18.14 ~
t8.75
vcteme
....e.ml
fha.m\
5
38.65
6
38.65
48.57
87.22
9.85
97.07
14.66
18.15
6.46
111.72
129.88
136.33
127.78
111.13
16.65
16.04
16.65
14.04
10.55
6.55
16.75
16.93
16.75
18.14 I
18.75 I
16.14
13,67
24.35
34.96
20.15
10.76
2.35
t6.75
18.75
18.14
3
18.75
18.14
18.75
18.75
lnllow
volume
6.55
Cum.
Net
6.45
-5.84
Remarks
7
Peex-t
95.09
78..(i-1
64.40
53.65
45.30
59.16
TrounhI
83.52
118.47
t 38.62
149.38
147.03
140.58
134.74
14.65
-9.94
16.65
120.09
110.14
39.65
132.15
93.50
Peex-z
Trounh2
ftcopyrlghted Ma1er1a1 .. "ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
Hyd10IO'l)y, Thin:I EcMiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
(India) Pvt lid. This resource material is lot tns1ruc1or's use onty."
Solution
28
31
30
31
30
31
31
30
31
30
31
31
28
31
30
31
30
31
31
30
31
30
31
Feb
Ma'
'
Mav
Jun
Jul
fWn
Son
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Ma'
'
Mav
Jun
Jul
twn
Seo
Ocl
Nov
Oac
Hydrology,
65.50
28.60
32.80
36.90
24.60
10.20
2.10
2.10
2.10
4.10
0.20
10.2
30.8
43.1
53.1
38.9
28.9
16.4
12.3
12.3
4.1
8.2
2.1
16.93
18.75
18.14
18.75 I
18.14 i
18.75
18.75 I
18.14
18.75
18.14
18.75 I
10.15 I
16.93
18.75
18.14
18.75 I
18.14 c
18.75 I
18.75 !
18.14
18.75
18.14
18.75 I
Values of Peaks and Troueh

NO
Peak
136.331
149.379
229.827
242.875
2
3
Trounh
45.2992
93.496
177 .012
48.57
9.85
14.66
18.15
6.46
8.55
16.65
16.04
16.65
14.04
10.55
8.55
13.87
24.35
34.96
20.15
10.76
2.35
6.45
5,84
14.65
9.9-t
16.65
180.71
190.56
205.22
223.37
229.83
221.28
204.63
188.59
171.94
157.89
147.34
138.80
152.66
177.01
211.97
232.12
242.88
240.53
234.08
228.23
213.58
203.64
186.99
Peak3
Trounh3
Peak4
(Peal<.
Ttounh~
91.032
55.8832
52.8152
. .
Required Minimum storage = Max. of (Peak- Trough) values
= 91.032
5.20
ha.m
Calculations are shown in Table p~S.20. Cols. I to 7 in Table p-5.1 Sare retained as
ii is. Col. S is the cumulauve values of col.7. The series in ccl.? starts with a
negauvevalue and 1he first trough is located. There is no peak before this Trough I. 'The occurrences of troughs and the peaks are indicated in Table p5.20 and the
salient data can be summed u as below:
Peak.
SI.No
l
165.26
329.2
Trcccn
(Peak
Tro ....h~
-387.8
-223.86
389.12
3
There is only one ::;cl of valid peak and trough set and the minimum storage needed
10 meet the demand is obtained as 389.12 ~'IC~t.
ftcopyrlghled Ma1er1a1" "ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
Hyd101C>lly, Thin:I EdifiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subtamanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
Solution
Table p-5.20
Inflow
volume
lf..1Cf..ll
IA<>tlth
Jan
Feb
~ar
so
40
30
25
Ao(
t.ta11
Jun
Jul
Au
20
30
200
225
150
90
70
60
Seo
Oct
Nov
De<:
so
Jan
Feb
~tar
40
30
25
Ao'
>.tav
Jun
Jul
Aun
Seo
0C1
Nov
De<:
20
I
I
30
200
225
150
90
70
60
Ev~r
.:i!ion
tf'Cl\11
1.8
2.4
3.9
5.1
6.6
6.6
4.2
3.3
3.9
3.6
2.1
1.5
1.8
2.4
3.9
5.1
6.6
6.6
4.2
3.3
3.9
3.6
2.1
1.5
5
N$1 tnflQ.N
R:sin(:i!I
(MCIA)
0.18
0
0
0
0
3.42
7.74
7.02
3.96
1.08
0.36
0.18
0.18
0
0
0
0
3.42
7.74
7.02
3.96
1.06
0.36
0.18
Volume
OACIA)
48.38
37.6
26.1
19.9
13.4
26.82
203.54
228.72
150.06
87.48
68.26
58.68
48.38
37.6
26.1
19.9
13.4
26.82
203.54
228.72
150.06
67.48
66.26
58.68
'"''"'"
WCMI
Volume
70
75
60
85
130
120
25
25
40
45
50
60
70
75
60
85
130
120
25
25
40
45
50
60
iNel lnllow
Cumulative
Detn8Nfl
OI Col.7
21.62
59.02
l 12.92
l 78.02
294.62
387.80
209.26
5.54
104.52
147.00
165.26
163.94
142.32
104.92
51.02
14.08
130.68
223.86
-45.32
158.40
268.46
310.94
329.20
327.88
21.62
.37 .4
53.9
65.1
116.6
93.18
178.54
203.72
110.06
42.48
18.26
1.32
21.62
.37 .4
53.9
65.1
116.6
93.18
178.54
203.72
110.06
42.46
18.26
1.32
9
Remark a
Trounl'l-t
Peak2
Trounh2
Peak4
Solution
5.21
Average now = 56.4140 = 1.41 t\tC~l/dny

Averaee now in d davs e .S64 Mc M
o,,
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
<0
44
48
52
56
60
64
68
72
76
80
lnflov1
volume
(MCM)
OU1flow
volume
(MCM)
9.6
5.4
2.3
3.5
2.3
2.2
1,4
6.4
12.4
10.9
9.6
5.
2.3
3.5
2.3
2.2
1,4
6.4
12.4
10.9
5.6.t
5.64
5.64
5.64
5.64
5.64
5.64
5.64
5.64
5.64
5.64
5.64
5.6~
5.64
5.64
5.64
5.64
5.64
5.64
5.64
(Inflow
Oul11ow)
MCM
Cum
fi"Row
ou11lo't1)
MCM
3.96 I 3.96
0.24 I 3.72
3.34 I 0.38
2.14
1.76
3.34
5.10
.3,44
8.54
4.24
12.78
0.76 12.02
6.76
-5.26
5.26
0.00
3.96
3.96
0.24
3.72
3.34 I 0.38
2.14 ' 1.76
-3.34 I 5.10
3.44
8.54
4.24 12.78
0.76 12.02
6.76
-5.26
5.26
0.00
Remalks
o-t
I 1
p-2
12
l: = 56.4
?oifinimu1n storage required= 3.96-( 12.78) = 16.74 l\ICT\f
Spillage = 0
5.22
Consider a water surface area of75 k1ui = 75 (\<fm2

Before reservoir: Normal runoff volume = 0.35 x (160/100) x 75 = 42 ~tn1J
After reservoir:
Conmbunon of R~infall = (160/75) x 75 = 120
~1013
Loss due 10 evaporation= O. 70 x 250 x 100 x 75 = 105 (\ lnr}

Net annual supply 10 the reservoir= 120 - 105 = 15 r-.1ml
Nc1 annual decrease = 42 - 15 = 27 (\ln1'
1
ftcopytlghted Maletial'" "ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgi"eemo
Hyd101C>l)y, Thin:I EcMiOl"l w1ltten by Or. K. Subtamanya & published by McGra ...1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
(India) Pvt lid. This resource material is lot lns1ruc1or's use onty.'
Solution
Hydrology,
Chapter 6
6. I
The: data are plotted on a semi-log plot wlth discharge on the log scale. (See Fig. P6.1). The data points from day 5 onwards ptor on straight line. The best fining
exponential curve for this straight line portion is( obtained through use of f\IS
Excel) is
0.1!--~~-!-~~-+~~~!--~~-'-~~-+~~__,~~~-'-~~-l
~o
1.0
10
6.0
7.0
a.o
Time in DtrY
Pig. P -11.1
Q, = 2.5299 e ..u.1-:cr.o with R: =0.9148.
The base flow recession constant Km= e..o.t:oo = 0.8864.
The base curve recession is extended till I = 0, and the surface water
depletion is obtained by subtracting the base Flow from the observed recesslon limb
of the hydrcgrapb. The. computations are shown in Table p-6.1.
Time
tdavs\
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
Observed
OiSchar.-... fm3/$l
70
011 .aas~ llowl

2.53
2.38
36
2.24
19
9.0
5.5
3.5
2.5
1.9
2.11
1.99
1.87
1.76
1.66
1.56
155
O 1surlace 1uno111
152.47
67.62
35.76
16.89
7.01
3.63
1.7A
0.84
0.34
Hyd101C>lly, Thin:I EcMiOl"l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McG,av1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
Solution
Tbc
s.o
1.4
6.0
7.0
1.2
1.1
Hydrology,
best fitting equation to the surface runoff (Col.4) is obtained as
Q, = 153.28 e_,.,.__..,, with R~ = 0.9991.

'fbe surface flow recession coefficient K,, = e.w.~ = 0.222.
(b) On the seventh day. the OC.)\\' is bnse flow recession with a= 0.1206 (day' units).
Hence storage available at the end of 7111 d:t)' =S1 =Qin= 1.1/().1206 = 9.12 curnec.days.
6.2
Q, =Q.K:
QI =QK'=80
"
t
Q =Q K" =40
. " '
fiL:(K! )=SO =2.0
Q2
K?"
40
K;"' =2.0 and K,=0.966

Q,= 801(0.966)" =
113.137
On JulylO, 1 = 40 days and 0) = 113.137

6.3
x (0.966)"' = 28.28 m'ls
Cominuity equation: I Q = dS/rli

For base flow recession, / = 0 and hence dS/1/i = (1(1)
- dS{1) = Q(1) d1 = Q,A' dt
Integrating -.''',/S(t)= f.'Q(1)1l1 = I~'Q.,K' 1/1
S -S(1)=[Q(i)-Q.)
"
In K
S -S(1 )= IQ(l,)-Q.I
1
"
In K
S -S(1 )= IQ(1,)-Q.I
''
:
lnK
For any l\VO times 11and11;
when
1! =O'J.
S..,=Oaud
S(I )-S(I )=IQ(l,)-Q(i.))

1
In K
Q .. =0
:. S(I,)
= -Q(I,) = CQ(1,)
Thus S(t1)
model.
6.4
lnK
= storage left in the basin at any time t1 follows the linear reservoir
The rainfall excess in the wbcle basin is calculated 3$ below:

Rainlal excess j mm>
Sub
area
(km2)
qi-Index
(m""")
15
25
35
1$1
hour
Run off
from
2nd 3rd 4lh
hour hour hour sub
area
rmrm
10
15
21
16
3S
27
19
26
0
0
12
5
0
2
0
0
0
0
Runoff
voluine
norn sub
area lt.im3\
0.640
56
33
19
28
0.825
0.665
Total=
2A70Um'
0.140
Average effective rainfall is obtained by giving weightages proportional to (sub-
area /rotal area):

I" hour: (l/80)x [(15x6) + (25 x I)}= 1.44 mm
2"' hour: (1/80) x [ (15x 38) + (25 x 27) + (35x19)+ (5 x 26)] = 25.50 nun
3" hour: (1/80) x ( (15x 12)+ (25 x 5) + O+ (5 x 2)] =3.90 mm
4" hour: (l/SO)x [OJ =O
Distribution of Avcraec ER
Time (h)
Ave1~e Ell.
rainfal <mm)
1
1.44
25.50
3.94
Total
Runoff
average
EA (mm)
volume
30.875
IMm:i)
2.470
6.5
Time (h)
0
6
12
18
24
30
36
42
ObServed
Fb\v {m3/s)
0
100
250
200
I 50
100
70
so
Ordifla1es ot
e-n UH (m1/s}
0
23.1
57.9
46.3
34.7
23.1
16.2
11.6
4a
35
8.1
ftcopytlghted Maletlal'" "ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied with the boOk El'lgineemo
Hyd101C>lly, Thin:I EcMiOfl w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
Solution
54
60
66
72
Sum ..
vo1u1neof
ruooff IMr..tl
OCpth Of
ruoofl fem)
6.6
25
15
5
0
1000
5.8
3.5
1.2
231.5
21.60
5.00
4.32
1.00
o.o
volme of runoff = [lOOO x 6 x 60 x 60Vt0'> = 21.601'<1nr'

Depth of runoff = (21.60 x 106 )/500 xJ06 = 0.0432 m = 4.32 cm
Ordinate of e-h UH= Col.2 / 4.32
votume of DR= (J/2) x 30 x 66 x 3600 = 3.564 x 106 nl'~
lfli=DRindepthunits(c1n).lhen
189x 106x{h/100)=3.564x
10'>
h = 1.886 cm.
The 6h UH will have a base of 66 hours and a peak q,, = (33/1.886) = 15.91 m3/s
occurring a1 10 h from the start.

6.7
Time
(h)
0
6
12
16
24
30
36
42
48
54
60
66
72
ordinate of
Flood
H~1ograph
(m3/s)
40
65
215
360
400
350
270
205
145
100
70
50
42
Base
flow
(m3/s)
40
40
40
40
40
40
41
41
41
42
42
42
42
Sum=
Oirec<
Runof-1
Hyelr0g1aph
(m3/s)
0
25
175
320
360
310
229
164
104
58
28
8
0
1781
ShUH
ordinate
(m'Js)
0.0
s.o
35.0
6'1.0
72.0
62.0
45.6
32.6
20.8
11.6
5.6
LS
0.0
356.2
Direct runoff volume= 1781 x 6 x 60 x 60 = 38.469 x 106 t-.11n'

Depth of DR= (38.469 x 10") 1(770 x IO'J = 0.05 m = 5.0 cm
HV(il'OIO'l!Y. Thi.Cl EdifiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subtamanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
(India) Pv1.l1d. This resource material is lot lns1ruc1or's use onty:
Solution
Ordinmes of 6-h UH= Col.4 15.0
6.8
Time
(h)
Ord.ol Flood
Hydrograph
rm3/sl
Base Flow
(m~/s)
20
63
151
2
3
..
90
63
5
6
7
29
20
20
8
9
1-<1ay DiSL ?'aph
ordina;e (m /s)
(m1/s)
20
22
25
28
28
26
23
21
20
20
133
Dlrec1 Avnolf
0.00
41
10.25
31.50
126
1 OS
62
37
21
8
0
0
'
'
I
'
400 I
Sum=
26.25
15.50
9.25
5.25
2.00
0.00
0.00
100
votomc of DR= 400 x 60 x 60 x 24 = 34.56 x 106 m"'Js

Arca of catchment = 600 x 106m2
Depth of OR= 34.561600 = 0.0576 111 = 5.76 cm= Depth of rainfall excess
6.9
Raiufall excess e a.S crn. Duration = 8.0 h

Ordinates
ors - h lJH = crdinmes of DRH/ 4.5
Table n..6.9
Time
Orel. of Flood
8h UH ()td.
(h)
Hyel'tograph (m3ts)
(m,ls)
~~~~~~~~~~~
0
5
0
40
o.o
13
21
28
32
210
400
600
820
46.7
88.9
133.3
182.2
35
1150
255.6
41
45
1440
1510
1420
320.0
335.6
315.6
1190
204.4
144.4
55
61
115
650
520
290
138
91
98
6. 10
8.9
115.6
64.4
o.o
Duration= 6 hours
tnflltrmion = 0:25 x 6 = I .SO ctn
Rainfall excess = 8.0- 1.50 = 6.50 cm
ftcopytlghted Maletial'" "ACd~ional resource material svpplied wi1h the boOk Engineemo
Hyd101C>lly, Thin:t Edition w1ltten by Or. K. Subtamanya & pvblished by McG,av1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
Solution
Peak of flood hydrograph
Deduct base flow

Peak of DRH
Pcokof6-hUH=
6.11
Rainfall
=
=
= 4.0 cm.
455 mJ/s
70 m3/s
=
=
455/6.50
;.\re.a= 100 kru2
Ti111e
(h)
Total runoff
Base flow
Direct runoff
(m:./s)
(111J/s)
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
(m'ts)
0
1200
3
4
450
300
300
0
900
ISO
0
Su11 =
0
1050
voteme of direct runoff= 1050 x 60 x60 = 3.78 ~Im~

Depth of runoff= 3.781100 = 0.0378 rn = 3. 78 cm
q> - index= 4.00 - 3.78 = 0.22 collh
For 6 cm rainfall in one hour. rainfall excess= 6.0 - 0.22 = 5.78 cm
Surfaoe ronoff peak =(5.78 x 900'JI 3.78 = 1376 mJ/s
votume of Direct surface runoff= 5.78 cm = (5.78/100) x JOO= 5.78 ~lnJ
6.12
Time interval fh)
010 6 6 to 12
Rainfall in the irucrvalfcrn)

Losses ( = m x 6)
3.0
5.0
121018
4.0
1.2
1.8
1.2
3.8
2.8
Effc:cli\'e rainfall (cm)
1.2
Oi1ec1 R1.11lott d\le 10

Time
(h)
0
3
6h UH ()Id.
(m"ls)
EA:1 .8
ER= 3 ..8
ER =2 . .8
Base tto\v
(mils}
Flood
H~rograph
(m'ls)
0
0
30
30
150
270
30
300
250
450
6
0
30
80
450
810
570
1410
9
30
1080
12
600
950
0
30
2060
18
800
1440
2280
700
30
4450
24
700
1260
1680
6010
3040
30
22<40
6010
30
600
1080
2660
30
36
450
810
2280
1960
30
5080
42
576
1710
1680
320
30
3996
48
1216
1260
200
360
30
2666
54
100
180
760
896
30
1866
ftcopytlghted Maletlal .. "ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk Ellgineemo
Hyd10IO'l)y, Thin:I EcMiOll w1ltten by Or. K. Svbtamanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
(India) Pvt lid. This resource material is lot lns1ruc1or'suse onty:
Solution
60
66
72
76
50
0
90
0
360
190
0
560
280
140
0
1060
30
30
30
30
500
170
30
IN01..: lh:11 lbc Ofinat~S an: n()I al rc:gu1<1r intervals. lni1ially lhey arc <il 3h<>ur inlcr\als.
Care is nccll.:d in ou1i11g ORI-I ()rllinalcS at vadccs lags Oil prOfk!r lin1c in1cr,3ls)
6. 13
Time
/hi
0
6
12
18
24
30
36
42
48
54
60
66
72
Direct Runoff due 10

6h UH
ord. (m)/s) ER .. 1 ..0 ER= 1.0
0
20
60
150
120
90
66
50
32
20
10
0
0
20
60
150
120
90
66
50
32
20
10
0
Base 11ov1
0
20
60
150
120
90
66
50
32
20
10
0
Flood Hy(ftograph
{m3/s)
(m)/s)
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
30
90
220
260
220
166
126
92
62
40
20
10
6. 14
Time
(h)
0
6
12
16
24
30
36
42
4,9
54
60
66
72
(Note:
6h UH
<;-h UH. IOQged
on:t (m)/s} by 6 hours (m>ls)
0
20
60
150
120
90
66
50
32
20
10
0
0
20
60
150
120
90
66
50
32
20
10
0
Ord. 01 l 2h UH.
(Co12
Col. 31
0
20
60
210
270
210
156
116
82
52
30
10
0
(m3/s)
0
10
40
105
135
105
76
58
41
26
15
5
I
I
I
Col.S = (Col.4)12)
6. 15
Time
(h)
~-hUH
Svcurve
o<d.
additions
(m'Js)
(m'Js)
s~-eurvt
S2-C1.1rve 1aggedby 4
ord.(m;,IS)
hour$
{m$/sl
(COi. 4
col.5)
Ord.of
~-AUH
(m1/s)
HV(ir'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EcMiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
IS
18
20
22
24
0
25
100
160
190
170
110
70
30
20
6
0
0
0
25
125
285
475
65
755
825
855
875
661
681
0
25
125
285
475
645
755
825
855
875
881
681
881
0
25
125
285
475
645
755
825
855
675
681
'
0
25
125
260
350
360
280
180
100
50
26
o.o
12,5
62.5
130.0
175.0
180.0
140,0
90.0
50.0
25.0
13.0
3.0
o.o
l Note: Col.7 = !Col.6/l412)11
6.16
\to)u1ue.ofDR=
..!..i<64x3600=3.456xlO(i
1n3
If A = area of catchment in km1 then (Ax I Of') x 1/100 = 3.456 x IOf.
'' = 345.6 kn1!

For the unit hydrogrnph I)= 6 hours
Equilibrium discharge of S - curve = Q, =( 2.778 x.345.6}16 = 160 111J/s
6.17
For the one hour UH. Volume of I)~ =(5+ $+ 5 + 3+ I) x Ix 3600= 792001113
If A = area Of catchment in km:. then (Ax 106) x 1/100 = 79200
.4 = 7.'}2 km'
Time
(hi
0
1
2
5
6
7
lhUH
o<d.
(m1/s)
0
5
8
5
3
1
0
Secrve
S1Curve
ad011ions
Otd.(m3/S)
(m'ls)
0
0
5
13
18
21
22
22
0
5
13
18
21
22
22
22
s.-curve
laggeO by
(COi. 4
ool.5)
2 hoots
{m3/s)
I
0
5
13
18
21
22
'
1
0
5
13
13
8
4
1
0
Ord.ol
2h UH
(m'ls)
o.o
2.5
6.5
6.5
4.0
2.0
e.s
o.o
6. 18
Solution
Time
(hi
(m1/s)
0
6
12
18
24
30
36
42
48
54
60
66
0
10
37
76
111
138
150
153
146
130
114
99
84
72
78
84
90
96
102
108
114
120
126
132
138
144
[Col.7
l 2h
UH ord.
71
58
46
35
2S
17
12
8
6
3
2
Hydrology,
S12curve
lagged
by
512-Curve
additions
orc:J,(
m
3/s)
6
hours
(m1/S)
(m3/s)
s-curve
0
10
37
86
148
222
298
37S
...
505
558
604
642
675
700
721
735
748
7S2
758
760
704
763
0
10
37
86
148
222
298
37S
444
0
10
37
86
148
222
298
sos
444
S58
604
642
67S
700
721
735
746
752
7S8
760
764
763
766
763
558
604
642
67S
700
721
73S
746
7S2
758
760
764
763
766
375
sos
(cot 4
Ord,ol 6h
COl.5)
UH (m3ts)
0
10
27
49
62
74
76
77
69
61
S3
46
38
33
2S
21
14
0
20
54
98
124
148
1S2
154
138
122
106
92
76
66
so
42
26
22
12
10
6
3
1
11
6
6
2
1
3
= (Col.6)1(6112)]
Faired values of 6-h UH are shown in bold.
6. 19
Time
(h>
3hUH
o<d.
(m3/s)
s-curve
additions Srcurve
ord.(m3/s)
(m3/S)
$3-curve
lagged
by9
hours
(COi. ~.
col.SJ
Ord.of
9h UH
(m'ts)
tm3tsl
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
0
12
75
132
180
210
183
158
135
114
0
0
12
87
219
399
609
792
948
12
87
219
399
609
792
948
1083
12
87
219
399
609
792
0
12
87
219
387
522
573
549
474
405
0
4
29
73
129
174
191
183
158
135
1083
1197
Solution
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
51
54
57
60
63
66
96
87
66
54
42
33
24
18
12
6
0
1197
1293
1380
14.t6
1500
1542
1575
1599
1617
1629
1635
1293
1380
1446
948
1083
1197
1293
1380
1446
1500
I 542
1575
1599
1617
1629
1635
1500
1542
1575
1599
1617
1629
1635
1635
1835
1635
345
297
249
207
162
129
99
75
54
36
18
6
0
115
99
83
89
54
43
33
25
18
12
6
2
0
6.20
Time interval (h)
010 6 610 12 12 10 18
Rainfall in the irncrval (cm} 4.0
1.0
5.0
Losses tee x 6)
1.0
1.0
1.0
Effective rainfall (cm}
3.0
4.0
0
Time
(h)
1
0
6
12
18
24
30
36
42
48
5'
60
6h UH
Oi1oc1 Runoff cfuo to
Old.
ER :3
(m3/s)
cm
3
0
60
180
450
360
270
198
150
96
60
30
0
20
60
150
120
90
66
so
32
20
10
ER :oO
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ER :4
em
s
0
0
0
80
240
600
480
380
264
200
128
Base
Flood
!low
(m3/s)
Hyd~raph
(m IS)
6
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
7
20
80
200
550
620
890
698
530
380
280
178
ftcopyrlghted Material'" ...ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
H!
6.21
0
0
20
20
20
vorumc orun = !x72'X3600)(100=

2
(Ax 10<) xl/100 = 12.96xl06,

Time
(h)
Direct Runoff due to
Or(f.
ER 2
0
6
12
18
24
cm
0
25
50
75
100
30
36
42
46
54
60
66
87.5
72
0
50
100
150
200
175
150
125
100
75
50
25
0
0
75
62.5
50
37.5
25
12.5
78
1u3
hence- A= 1296 kin?
6h UH
(m3fs>
12.96)()0
100
60
20
ER. 4
cm
0
100
200
300
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Base
llOV1
(m31$)
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
Flood
H~1ograph
(m3/s)
25
75
225
375
525
600
525
450
375
300
225
150
75
25
24 h
72h
6h UH
Fig. P 6.21
6.22
Vofume of'Uf-l
-)(69x3600xQ
2
Hence Q_p = 80. 5 mJ/s
m3=(l000x IO~)xl/)00
'
HV(il'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EcMiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-HillEdvc-.a1t0n
Solution
6.23
Tlme interval (h)
Rainfall in the intervallcm)
Oto 4 4 to S S to 12
3.5
2.2
1.8
Losses(-" x 4}
1.0
2.5
Etfecrive rainfall (c1n)
Time
Oist1ibulion
0
010 4
4108
810 12
12tOl6
16 to 20
2010 24
24 10 28
28to 32
32 to 36
0
5
20
40
20
10
5
0
0
0
1.0
0.8
Oi1ecl Aunolf c:tue 10

ER
ER 1.2
ER 0.6
2.5
cm
cm
cm
0.000
0.000
0.125
0.000
0.000
0.500
0.060
0.000
1.000
0.240
0.040
0.500
0.480
0.160
0.240
0.250
0.320
0.120
0.160
0.l25
0.000
0.060
0.080
o.ooo 0.000
0.040
Average
{nJ
1.0
1.2
(%)
o.ooo
o.ooo
Ol(ect
Runoff
Hyd1ograph
o.ooo
Sum-
(cm)
0.000
0.125
0.560
1.280
1.140
0.810
0.405
0.140
0.040
o.ooo
4.500
Runoff rare corresponding to I cm rainfall excess in 4 hours

= 50"Xl0(,
I
100
X'-X
I
=34.72
4x3600
Ill
/s
The ORH corresponding IQ runoff rates of Col.6 in Tnbte p6.23 are !1$ (QllO'''S:
Time Ch)
IQ
DR crd. /mJsl 10
2
4.3
6
19.4
10
44.4
14
39.6
18
28.1
22
26
14.1
4.9 1.4 0
30
34
INotc that the DR mies an: entered ;:i1 mid values of tbc time iutervals.l
6.24
Areaof6-hUll=
1-x48x3600xQ,
=86400P
86400 Q, = 259.2 x 10' x( 11100)

Qr= 30 01.l/s.
Uni! interval= 6 hours: Arca of UH= ( 1/2) x 48 x 30 = 120 units
I Unit Tinle I
ftcopytlghted Maletlal'" "ACO~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
Hyd1'0IO'l!Y. Thin:I EcMiOl"l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill EOvc-.a11on
Solution
Hydrology,
(112) x I 5VI 20
I 15 + 30112]1120
(30 + 25)121/120
25 + 20)/21/120
1(20 + 15)1211120
1115 + 10)/21/120
I( 10 + 5)12Jll 20
I st
2nd
3rd
4Lh
5Lh
61h
7Lh
81h
6.25%
18.75%
22.92%
18.75%
14.58%
10.42
6.25%
2.08%
100%
(5 + Ol/211120
Total =
6.ho1llo'lr1ibuuon
' uram h ercentaees
Time (units of6
I
2
hours)
Distribution graph
eercentaaes
6.25 18.75
22.92
18.75
14.58
10.42 6.25 2.0S
30
20
Q
10
30
20
12
24
30
42
48
Houis
6 hUH
Fig. p. 6.24
6.25
Solution
3.6 cm
2.acm
o.1cm
o.1cm
ER
9.0h
1-hUH
Fig. P6.25(J
Oirecl Runoff
Time
(h)
lh UH
Ord,
(m3/s)
o.oo
1.20
2.40
3.60
3.00
2.40
1.80
1.20
0.60
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
due to
ER
3.3cm
0
3.96
7.92
11.88
9.9
7.92
5.94
3.96
1.98
o.oo
0
0
ER
z.a cm
OR
HydrOg1:lph
{m31S)
o.oo
0
2.76
5.52
8.28
6.9
5.52
-<!. 1 <!!
2.76
1.38
0
3.96
10.68
17.40
18.18
14.82
11.46
8.10
4.74
t.38
0.00
Total=
90.72
Tl)tal volume of DRH = 90.72 (m3/s).h = 326592 m3
After Urbanisation:
"""
2.&m
e.e cm
0.4em
1.5 h
6.0 h
ER
'
1tlUH
Fig. P 6,25(b)
ftcopyrighted Ma1er1a1'" "ACd~ional resource m31e1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
Solution
Hydrology,
Dlrect Runoff
Time
(h)
1hUH
Ord,
{m3/s)
0
1
1.5
2
3
4
5
6
7
0.00
4.00
6.00
5.33
4.00
2.67
1.33
0.00
0.00
OR
due to
ER
3.6cm
o.oo
14.40
21.60
19.19
14.40
9.61
4.79
0.00
0.00
Hyd1ograph
(m3/s)
ER
2.6cm
o.oo
o.oo
14.40
10.40
15.60
13.86
10 ..:iO
6.94
3.46
0.00
Tota.I:
32.00
34.79
28.26
20.01
11.73
3."16
0.00
144.65
Total volume of DRH = 144.65 (m.l/s).h = 520725.6 1n3

Hence. increase in the llocxl volume= 520725.6 - 326592 = 194133.6
Percentage increase = ( 194133.6 / 326592) x JOO= 59.44%
lnc-reaseinthcpeak=34.79-IS.18=
16.61 m'Js=91.4 %
6.26
Consider 3 hour intervals.

k1=2cn1
01 =R1 U1
120 = 2 U1
R2=4c-n1
Q1= 120m3/s
U1=601n3/s
Q2=480=2 lJ2-+4XU1
=2U2+4x60:
Similarly.
2xU3+4:xt20
2 x U-1+ 4:x 90
2xUs+4x50
2xU,+4x30
2xU,+4x20
2xUii+4><
10
2xU.,+4><5
=660:
= 460:
=260:
= 160:
= 100:
:50:
:20:
Time (h)
0 3 6
3h UH ord. (m'/s) 0 60 120
6.27
m3
U2= 120m3/s
u, = 90 m3/s
u.. = 50 1n-,./s
Us= 30 m3/s
U<>= 20 1n-,./s
u, = 10 m-,./s
Ua = 5 1n3/s
U->= O 1n3/s
12 15 IS 21 24 27
90 50 30 20 10 5 0
For catchment [\'I:
Hyd101C>l)y, Thin:I EcMiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
...c.+t
2
=37 h
I' p =34 h = (21/22)
Hence
Ir+ IH. /4
,,. = l,(1~ L,..)0'

2.78 x.Cr x.2718
Q,=
=200:
111= 34.05
34.05=c,<143 x 16)11.l
c, = 2.014
C,= 0.90
34
For catchment 1-.::
(;, = 2.074: (,~ = 0.90

1, = 2.074 ( 106 x S2)" = 27.S h
1, = 27.S 15.5 = 5.0 h
Using rs e 6.0 h. 1', = (27.5 x 21122) + (6/4) = 27.75 h
Q = l.7S><0.9xl400=126.2:
IV =
say 126 m'ts
2.7
I'
5.87
=79h
"'
(12611400)"
w,, = 79/1.75 = 45 h
Time base: r, = (72 + (3 x 27.75)) = 155 h
or = 5(27.75 + 3)
= 154 h.
Use rt>= 156 hours as a convenient time base.
6.28
1,. = C,(l
l,,,)'= 1.5 x (35 x IO)..,= S.7 h
I,= 8.115.5 = l.55h

Uset,=3.0h.
t'o =(21/22)xS,7+(3.0/4)=9.0h
2.78x0.70,400
S ,,
Q
<
86 . 1n1S
I'
9.0
587
IV =
= 30.7 h
" (86.S/ 400)
IV15=30.711.75=
17.Sh
Time base: '/'0 = (72 + (3 x 9)) = 99 h

Or = 5(9 + 1.5)
= 52.5 h.
U$C f;. = 52 hours as a convenient rime base.
6.29
Q,. = 126 m~/s

T = l',, T lit/2 = 27.75 T 3 = 30.75 h
Muniply the coordinates of SC Dimensionless l{H given in Table 6.10 (Text) by
the respectivescales.
G!: I
Qf00
(ho~rs)
(m~s)
lfT.
010.
(ho:rs)
(m~s)
o.oo
o.ooo
o.oo
o.oo
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.015
0.075
0.160
0.280
0.430
0.600
0.770
0.890
0.970
1.000
0.980
0.920
0.840
0.750
3.08
6.15
9.23
12.30
15.38
18.45
21.53
24.60
27.68
30.75
33.83
36.90
39.$8
43.05
1.89
9.45
20.16
35.28
54.18
75.60
97.02
112.14
122.22
126.00
123.48
115.92
10-5.84
94.50
o.so
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
l.00
l .10
1.20
1.30
1,40
1.50
1.60
1.80
2.00
2.20
2.40
2.60
2.80
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
5.00
5.50
0.660
0.560
0.420
0.320
0.240
0.180
0.130
0.098
0.074
0.036
0.018
0.009
0.004
o.ooo
46.13
49.20
55.35
83.16
70.56
52.92
40.32
30.24
22.68
16.38
12.35
9.32
SI.SO
67.65
73.80
79.95
86.10
92.25
107.63
123.00
136.38
153.75
169.13
4.54
2.27
1.13
0.50
o.oo
6.30
Fig.6.30(a) shows he ERH and DRH.
(i)
Ordinates of 4-h UH nrc obtained by
rcsultin 4 .h UH. rs as bcl ow IF12. o- 6 30(b)I
0
Ordinate of DRlI ('eru/h)
0
Ordinate of 4~h UH (crn/h) 0
Time (h)
dividing the DR.H ordinates by 6.0. The
6
I
12
2
3 4 5 6
IS 24 18 12
3 4 3 2
6
I
8
0
0
DRH of Probf1m1 p ,,3.0
6om
~ 30
eu
';' 20
! 10
"'
~
~
i3 0
10
Time (h)
Fig.p- 6.JO(a) Gtven DRH or 6 cm ER

!;'
as
.....
!!' e
".'!!" u
0
'
05
0
0
Time (h}
Fig. P6.3-0(b)
Derivation of me Scurve is shown in Table p-6.30(b).
Table
O 630( a)
Dertvauon
'
o rs
curve
Ordinate
Time in
hOurs
ordina:e
0
6
12
18
24
18
12
2
3
'
5
6
OI OAH
ct 4h
UH
0
S-.curve
a<jjltion
0
1
2
3
0
0
0
0
2
3
'
3
2
1
2
3
s. Curve
S~CUfVG
ordinate
'
4
4
4
' 6.30
problem p
10
Time (h)
Fig. P6.30(c)
s,. curve
ftcopyrlghted Ma1er1a1'" "ACd~ional resource material supplied wi1h the boOk Engineemo
HV(ir'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I Edition w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McG,av1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
Solution
(ii)
Ccmputmion of 3 h UH using Sa-curve:

Table o-j)-~b) Comnutation of 3- h UH
Time ii\
fours
s~-curve
l~ged by
s-ccrve
<>tdinale 3
0
0
nours
'
'
''
2
3
OAHof
due ER
OI (314)
Ord. OI
3hUH
0
0.00
1
1.33
2
2.67
3
4.00
4.00
3
2
2.67
1
1.33
0
0.00
cm
s
6
7
a-n UH OI Problem p-6.30
Time (h)
Fig. p6.30 (c)
3h UH
6.31
111c cajculmions relating to
Sccurvc and d-h UH arc shown in Table p-6.31 (:1)
Table p 6.3J(a)
Tiine
(h)
2-h
UH
s-cu-ve
addition
Sr-Curve
ordinate
(cnllb)
(lllJll)
{in mm)
Si-curve
DRH
ordinates
2c1n
lagged by mm)
'1 hours (in
of 4-h UH
(in ordinate
(11111'1/h)
nun)
ftcopyrlghted
Ma1er1a1'"
"ACd~ional resource
Hyd101C>lly, Thin:I EdifiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a11on
Solution
Hydrology,
0
0
0
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.S
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
6
7
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0
0
2
3
4
0.5
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.5
0.25
2-h UH
Tirnc Ih) ~
S, CUr'llO
Tlmc Ih) ~
4h UH
F;g. p-6.31 (a)
5
Time Ih) ~
S, Curve and 4 - h Ul:I or Problem 6.31
4
6.32
Time Ol)
O+t:
I
2
3
4
5
DRH due to 3 ORH due to 0 cm

cm ER (in nrl/s) ER (in nl3/s)
300
300
300
300
0
ORH due to 5
cm
Ordinate
or
ER (in 1n3/s) final
0
0
0
0
500
500
500
DRH
(in nr'Js)
300
300
300
800
500
500
5+ e
EAH
3cm
Scm
800
">c
OAH
>
>-
IP"
500
~
300
500
3-00
"
0
'
~fhnt(h) ~
Jiig. 1>6.32 .1RH and Resulting ORH of Problem 6.32
6.33
(;) A=750ha=7.5km'
11= 15 min= 0.25 h
1<'. = 90 111in = 1.5 h
lag Lime Ip= 0.6 t<'. = 0.6 x 1.5 = 0.9 h
I
T,. = ( ~ +1,)
1\
= 0.125 +0.90 = 1.025 h
Q,. = 2.08-T= 2.08 x
,.
1.5
}
= 20.48 m /s
07
1 . -)
Ti.=2.61T,=2.67 x 1.025 =2.74 h (say 2.75 h)

(ii) The DRH due 10 40 mrn in IS min. on the watershed would be a triangle of
Base width
= 2.75
h
Peak =4x 20.48= 81.92 nr'zs cccurring aL T,.= 1.025 h frorn c.he start of the
storm.
6.34
Ord. of
U(t)
IUH
lagged
by 2
hour
Time
(hi
"\"
(m /s)
0
2
4
6
9
10
12
14
16
19
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
36
6.35
o.oo
5.00
10,00
15.00
20.00
18.57
17.14
15.?1
14.29
12.86
11.43
10.00
8.57
1.14
5.71
4.29
2.86
'.-13
0.00
o.oo
tceia-
o.o
s.o
10.0
15.0
20.0
18.6
1?' 1
15.7
14.3
12.9
11.4
10.0
8.6
7.1
5.7
4.3
2.9
1.4
0.0
Ot(i. QI
COl.3)
2h UH
(m'IS)
0.00
5.00
15.00
25.00
35.00
38.57
35.71
32.86
30.00
27.14
24.29
21.-13
18.57
15.71
12.86
10.00
7.14
~.29
1.43
0.00
2.50
7.50
12.50
17.50
19.29
17.86
16.43
15.00
13.57
12.14
I 0.71
9.29
7.86
6.43
5.00
3.57
2.1~
0.?1
I o.oo I o.oo
Since the ordinates arc given at uneven time interval, by interpolation the ordinates
of IUH nre assembled at regular interval of one- hour. Calculations arc shown in
Table p-6.35.
ftcopyrlghted Ma1er1a1'" "ACd~ional resource material supplied with the boOk El'lgineemo
Hydr'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EcMiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGtav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
Solution
'able
I
.ji .JS
u(t)
Time
(h)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
(V,
m I<
o.o
11.0
37.0
60.0
71.0
75.0
72.0
66.0
60.0
52.5
45.0
39.0
33.0
27.0
21.0
16.5
12.0
9.0
6.0
3.0
0.0
lagged
by 1
hour
0.0
11.0
37.0
60.0
71.0
75.0
72.0
66.0
60.0
52.5
45.0
39.0
33.0
27.0
21.0
16.5
12.0
9.0
6.0
3.0
0.0
Ofd. Of
UH
o.oo
5.50
24.00
48.SO
65.50
73.00
73.50
69.00
63.00
56.25
48.75
42.00
36.00
30.00
24.00
18.75
14.25
10.50
7.50
4.50
1.50
0.00
lh UH
lagged
by 1
hOUI
0
5.50
24.00
48.50
65.50
73.00
73.50
69.00
63.00
56.25
48.75
42.00
36.00
30.00
24.00
18.75
14.25
10.50
7.50
4.50
I.SO
0.00
Sum
Ord.
of 3h
lh UH
lagged
by 2
hou1s
Sum of
Cols.4,
5&6
o.oo
o.o
0.00
5.50
24.00
48.50
65.50
73.00
73.50
69.00
63.00
56.25
46.75
42.00
36.00
30.00
24.00
18.75
14.25
10.50
7.50
4.50
1.50
0.00
5.50
29.50
78.00
138.00
187.00
212.00
215.50
205.50
188.25
168.00
147.00
126.75
108.00
90.00
72.75
57.00
43.SO
32.25
22.50
13.50
6.00
1.50
0.00
1.8
9.8
26.0
46.0
62.3
70.7
71.8
68.5
62.8
56.0
49.0
42.3
36.0
30.0
2-1.3
19.0
14.5
10.8
7.5
4.5
2.0
0.5
0.0
UH
(m3{s)
716.00
votumeof l-h UH = 716 (m'/s. hour) e 716 x 3600 1n3

If A= Area of catchment in km". Ax 106 x ( 1/100) = 716 x 3600
A= 257.76 km'
Hyd1'0IO'l!Y. Thin:I EcMiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
Solution
CHAPTER7
7.1
i=
30
(45/60)
401nmlh
Catchment area A
120 ha = 1.20 km~
By Eq. 7.2. Q,,= ( 1/3.6) x 0.3 x 40 x 1.20

7.2
= 4.0 m'ts
The Kirpicb formula (Eq. 7.4) gives

1,.
= 0.01947 l071 S"J~ = 0.01947 ( 1250)11.n x (0.001).i>.)IJS = 67.45 min
From given data maximum lntenshy of

duration 67.45 min is. by interpolation .
.,_
IOJ.25
(67.45/60)
- 90 07
-.mn1
rainfnll of SO year return period and of
/h
By Eq. 7.2. Q,,= ( 113.6) x 0.2 x 2.0 x 90.07 = 10.0 m'ls

7.3
Refer to Fig. P-7.3.

l'1bour:
The coruribuuons of the runoff would be as fo1IO\\'S:
l.7cm/hrainon
..\
2n.j hour: 1.7 cin/11 rain on Band 1-\

3"' hour: I. 7 cmlh rain on C and B: and 1.25 cnsb rain on A
4ih hour: 1.7 c-m/h ruin on D and C : and 1.25 cm/h rain on B and A
51h hour: 1.7 cnVh rain on D: and 1.25 cn\/h rain on C. Band
1-\
The discharge :11 the end of vnlious nintervnls arc calculated by the Ra1iQn:1I
Iorrnuta.
Q,= ( 1/3.6) x 0.5 xix,\
Hyd101C>lly, Thin:I EcMiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subtamal'lya & published by McG,av1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
Solution
200 ha
250ha
3h
! c
l
350ha
170 ha
Ih
cuuet
Fig. P-7.3
At me
endol
1h
2h
3h
'"
Sh
o.
4.014
4,014
2.951
2.951
2.951
o.
o.
0-
I
8.26'1
8.264
6.076
6.076
I
5.903
5.903
4.3~
4.722
4.722
Total O
rmJls'
4.014
12.276
17 .116
19.652
18.08.9
The peak rate of runoff is 19.652 nf1/s and occurs at the end of 411' hour.
7.4
From Table 7.l(a)(Text),

A 52% 20%
18%
10%
0.85 0.075 0.70 0.65
weighted C = C = (0.85 x 052) + (0.075 x 0.2) + (0.70 x 0.18) + (0.65 x O. IO) =
0.648
Solution
r1e"'
85
,
---=
I 02 mm/h : A= 3 km'
(50/60)
Q,= ( 1/3.6) x 3 x 102 x 0.648

7.5
= 55.0S
m'ls
The peak flow from tbe nreas:

QA:(J/3.6))(6XCi
: l.667Ci n1J/s
Q= (113.6) x 7.5 x Ci= 2.083C; m'ls
Qc=(l/3.6)x 10 x Ci= 2.778 Ci m'ts

QlJ= ( J/3.6) x 12 X C; = 3.333 Ci IUJ/S
The contributions or the various sub-areas at different times are shown below:
Ave(age
Time
(h)
ln1ensily
Aunoft
of
factor,
Rainfall
a,
a,
a.
Tota1Q
Do
(Ord. of
OAH)
tmmtn\
0
25
50
50
23.5
2
3
0.5
0.7
0.0
0.85
0.00
20.84
58.35
66.66
33.30
0.00
0.00
26.04
72.91
83.32
41.61
6
7
8
Total peak
now=
0.00
0.00
0.00
34.73
97.23
111.12
55.49
0.00
0.00
0.00
o.oo
4 1.66
116.66
133.32
66.58
0.00
20.SA
84.38
17~.31
255.51
269.38
188B1
66.58
0
DRH peak + Base flow
= 269.38 + 42.50 = 311.88 m-'I.

This peak occurs at the end of the 5111 hour fro the SHI.rt of the. storm.
7.6
1o
= 20 minutes; Area A = 20 ha= 0.2 k1112; T = 25 years
Dun1ti(111 0
Iirnc of concentration = 20 ruin = 0.333 h
i.., = 0693x(2S)o.l!r) = 15 cm/h = 1501nmlh

(0.333 +0.50)61111
Qr= ( 113.6) x 0.25 x 0.2 x I SO= 2.08 m'is
Solution
L;C,A,
7.7
Equivalent runoff coefficient C; = -''~A
((0.25x 30) +(0.16 x 10) + (0.40x 60)) = 0.331

100
Area A= IOOha = 1.0 km'
By Eq.(7 .4-a) time of concentration 1( = 0.01947 (K, }'"
Since. L = 3500 rn and i.lH
K,=~(3
5:)'
= 6.'l m
=25633
1,. = 0.01947 (25683)'" = 48.4 min= 0.806 h

.
3.97 (25)"'"
r= ,
} ,,, = 6.752/0.968 = 6.978cm/h = 69. 78 mmlh
10.so6+0.1s"
Peak Flow
Q,. = (113.6)(C,; A)
= 0.331x69.78x.l =64210,1s
3.6
7.8(a) Referring 10 Fig.P 7.8 (a)
~tionABCD
1(
(min)
30 25
ISO m
'
lsocnrones
"
450
,/
10
15
20
25 min
ftcopyrlghted Ma1er1a1 "ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
(India) Pvt lid. This resource material is lot lns1ruc1or'suse onty."
Solution
fiig. P-7.S(a) lsochroncs

of rmvel 1c8 = ' = 25 ruin. Dividing BC and .Ad in to five parts
the 5 min interval isocbrones arc shown in Fig. P- 7 .3 [n].
(b) For 5 - min rain. area ccntnburing to now 111 5 min:
A,= (In) x ( 15()/5) x 450 = 675() m'
Q,r- 0.8x[71(100 x 3600)) x 6750 = 0.105 m'ts
Sirnilnrty Orl = 2 x Q"1=0.210 n1l/s
Or is reached in 5 min..; Ori is reached in 10 min: Q..z remains constant up
10 20 ruin. Then onwards ii decreasesto reach zero at 1 = IOtal I.:+ duration of rain=
30 min.
The idealized bydrograph is shown in Fig:.P- 7 .S(b-1 ).
The 1i111e
t
~
'k,,
..
2~
0.210
0.105
10
20
30
Time (min)
Fig. P- 7.8(bl) l>lll:f for 5-nlin. R:ainfaU

For 30 111in rain:
1,.
= 30 min.: Q,.= 0.8x(71(100 x 3600)) x (150 x 450) = I.OS m'/s
The entire area contributes to the peak runoff of I .05 m)/s. The peak occurs at 30
min. As 0 = 40 min. the peak will remain constant Lill 1 = 40 ruin and then onwards
decreases for another 1.. = 30 min to reach zero al 1 = 70 min.
The idealized
hydrcgrapb is shown in Fig. P-7.8(b-2).
Solution
Hydrology,
eE
~
~
u
"!
'"
Fig. 7.8 (b-2)

7.9
10
30
20
40
60
50
70
minutes
ORR for 40 min. Rninfnll-min
For D= 10 minutes. Maximum area having
I.:= IOmin
marked (ADCD and (>\'D:C'D')in Fig. P- 7.9J is
A=(l/2)x J50x300=22500m'
Q,= 0.92 x (6/( 100 x 3600)) x 22500 = 0.345 m'ls
(=Area
150m
I
75 m
15
20
25
10
75 m
10
15
I
20
2L
15
20
'II~
<(
"'
0
.
15
20
Fig. p. 7.9
7. JO
(a)
(b)
c
10
10
'
Catchment c~ Isochrones of Problem 7.9
"=0.025
For au occurrence of at least once in 20 years
P1
= I -(I -11)" = I - (0.975)"' = 0.397
HV(il'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EcMiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
Solution
7.11
(c)
q = I - p = 0.975
(a)
P1= I -(l-11)'=
(bl
Fol' an occurrence of at least once in 20 years
1-(1-0.
1)'=0.41
P1 = I -(I -p)"' = I -(0.05)'' = 0.642
Probability tltat the event \viii not occur in next 20 years= I - p1
I - 0.642 = 0.358
7.12
(c)
p = 1150 = 0.02
(d)
p=0.02.r=
(e)
p = 0.02.111 = I -(I - 0.02)"' = 0.636
y-V
K = --
N
7.13
'
...>. n =IO, By Eq.

' 2.12 p, =-(0.02)
10!
1
' 1
(0.98)
= 0 . 0008 334
7!x3!
where y = - In. ln(Tl(T- l)f
Y..
)'r
s.
35
1000
6.907255 0.5402
1.1285
5.6421
45
1000
6.907255 0.5463
1.1519
5.5221
55
1000
6.907255 0.5504
1.1681
5.4420
60
1000
6.907255 0.5521
1.1747
5.4100
65
1000
6.907255 0.5535
1.1803
5.3832
(a)
N = 13 years.
X = 2703.5 nfl/s,
oe.r= 898.6 m"ts
From Table 7 .3 {Text) for N= 13 years )',,

yr= - In. ln(T/(T-1)):
K=1
= 0.5070 ands .. = 0.9971
v -V
...
.'.
andx1=.T+Ka,
Values of xrnrc calculated for various T values as below:

'r years
)'<
50 3.901939
K
3.404813
xr
5763
Hyd101C>lly, Thin:I EcMiOl"l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-HillEdvc-.a1t0n
Solution
100
4.600149
4.105054
6392
1000
6.907255
6.4l887
8471
(b) Log Pearson Type J: Tbe values of z-variate z. tog ;I,' are calculated for
various flood magnitude as in Table 7.13(b)
Table 7.13 (b)
Year
Flood s
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
z e jca x
3210
4000
1250
3300
24$0
1780
1860
4130
3110
2320
24$0
3405
1820
3.5065
3.6021
3.0969
3.5185
3.3945
3.2504
3.2695
3.6160
3.4928
3.3655
3.3945
3.5321
3.2601
Froru this. Table ;:- = 3.40763
ts. c, = 0.15552 rn.\/s and

C.. = Cocff't. of skew= 0.0375. Values of Kt for C.. = -0.0375 arc read from Table
7.6 rrexn. Values ofzrandxrarc calculated by using Bqs. 7.25 and 7.26 and arc
Ill'
given below.
so
100
2.299
IOOO
3.038
3.7240
0.3575
3.7652
0.4725
3.8800
5296
5823
7588
T'years
2.034
0.3163
(c) Log - Normal Distribution
l = 3.40763 1n'ts.
T'years
K,
c,
so
2.0;4
= 0.15552 1n'ts and c.. = 0

100
2.326
1000
3.090
Hyd101C>lly, Thin:I EcMiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subtamanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
Solution
7.14
N=20years ..
0.3194
0.3617
0.4806
3.7271
3.7674
3.8882
5334
5880
7730
i= 121 rn3/s.
From Table 7.3 I'Text) for N= 20 years

From cq, 7.20
K = 3.8167 =
)'. = 0.5236 ands,= 1.0628
350= 121 +60K
y, -0.5236
1.0628
)'r
= 4.57995 = In . ln[T/(T- I )J:
giving T = 98 years
Hence a return period of the design flood is 100 y~1r.s.

7.15
X= J.65crna.nd er,, ,=0.45c1n

.rr-= X-t K er,,.1
3.0 = 1.65+ K (0.45)
K = 3.0= y, -0.577
1.2825
Hence yr= 4.4245
T
Also. Yr= 4.4245 =[In . In--)
T-1
T
= 1.0120522
T-1
T= 84.0 years. say 85 years
.. -
7.16
X=4200m}/sa.nd a.,_1= 1705 m}/s
Ker ,,_1
9500 = 4200 + K (1705)
.YT=
-t
K = 3.1085
= y,
-O.Sl7
1.2825
Hence Yr= 4.56366
Also. Yr= 4.56366 =[In.
In T- I]
Solution
:. T:i'=
Hydrology,
1.001048
T = 96.4 years, say 100 years

7, 17
l.A:ig Pearson 'fype 3 distribution:
z = 2..510
m"ls..
Oi = 0.162 m"ls and C, = Ccefft. of skew = 0.70. Values of
for(,~= 0.70 11.n: read from Table 7.6 {Text]. values of er and ,,r arc cnlculnred
by using Eqs. 7.25 and 7.26 and 91'1! given below.
K:
T years
50
100
200
1000
K:.
2.407
2.$24
3.223
4.105
K:. Ox
0.3899
0.4575
0.5221
0.6506
zr
2.8999
2.9675
3.032
3.175
794
928
ion
1496
50
100
200
1000
K:.
2.054
2.326
2.576
3.090
K~Ox
0.3327
0.3768
0.4173
0.5006
~r
2.8427
2.8868
2.9173
3.0106
696
771
846
:tr (111"/s)
Log - Norrnal Dlscrlbution

r yc-J1rs
.tr (111"/s)
1025
7.18
r years Q
50
10000
200
15000 4.17009
4.00000
2.261
2.949
~=+Ku
.,r
..
~~
4.17609 =
+ 2.949 ,,,
4.00000=: +2.261
0.17609 =0.688 o,
v,
a, = 0.25595
z = 4.000 - (2.261 x 0.25595) = 3.4213
and
ftcopyrlghted Ma1er1a1'" "'ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
Solution
Hydrology,
When T = 1000 years. K~ = 3.670

zr= 3.4213 + ( 3.670 x 0.25595) = 4.36064
Q =:inti log zr = 22943 m3/s , ~Y 229somJ/s
7. 19
Log normal dtstributien:
C5 = 0, K: = 2.054 (for T = 50 years from Table
7.6ofTexi)
= 3.2736 + ( 2.054 x 0.3037) = 3.8974
Qs.-,= enntcg ZJIJ= 78961n3/s
l..og Pe-arson Type 3 distribution:
C, = 0.07. K,= 2.091 (for T = 50 years- from Table 7.6 of Text)
= 3.2736 + ( 2.091 x 0.3037) = 3.90864
Q.si>= anti log zsi>-= 8103 n1J/s
z,.
z,.
7.20
River- Ganga:
N = 92 years.
.i
= 6437 1n3/s.
0 . 1-= 295 I
From Table 7.3 (TeXI) for N= 92 years
Y.
= 0.5589 ands,= 1.2020
100
1000
Yr
4.6000
6.9073
Kr
3.362
5.2815
xr
16359
22023
4.2195
6.2088
1298
1910
I
b =..,1+1.JK+l.lK
.f,.
ba .,
= ..{ii
ru3/s
x11~ = x., /(c).f,.

f(c)
= 1.96
.r, 18903
25767
13815
18279
-'2
Solution
Hydrology,
lli\ er Yarnuna:
N = 54 years. X = 5627 m3/s,
1
From Table 7 .3 (Text) for N= 54 years ~.. = 0.5501 ands,,= 1.1667

T
100
IOOO
y,
4.6000
6.9073
Kr
3.4735
5.4488
17298
23935
4.3344
6.3829
1982
2919
XJ
21182
29656
"
13413
18214
.l'11:
= .t'r J (c)s..
)tc) = J.96
7.21
x + Kru,
435 = X + K1oo<T,._,
395 = X+ KJo<f.. 1
.t"T=
(Kl(~-KSf!)<T. ,=40 .... (1)

andK= )'r -Y,,
s,
Y100
=(In.
In
100
I= 4.6001 and
99
s =(In.
50
In- ( = 3.9019
49
ftcopyrlghted Ma1er1a1'" ...ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
Solution
(>100-Yso)
= 0.6982
Hydrology,
06982
and from (Eq. I)
s,
u,.,= 40
1 tence a-,._, = 57.29
when T = I 000 year.

"
1'J@-
"
n100=
01000- 435 =
7.22
6 9073- j'
K 1000 =
s,
..
6.9073-4.6001 = 2.3072
.'.
'
2.3072
"-
s
= 2.3072 x 57.29 = 132
N = 30 years
.t-r= X + Kro- ~-
1200= .i+ K1()(J'7., I
1060 = .i + K$d<T,..,
(K100-Kw)o ... r= 140 .... (1)
andK7:7 }'
- v
s.
r100
= [In.
100
ln - J
99
= 4.600 I
= 4.6001-0.532
K
I(~
l.l 124
K = 3.9019-0.5362
,,
1.1124
= 3.6533
= 3.0257
(K100-Kso)o ... , = ( 3.6533-
(b)
3.0257) o ... , = 140
cr,,_1
1200
= 140/0.6276 = 223 1n-'/s

= .i + (3.6533 x 223) giving
= 6.2136-0.5362
1.1124
,,,
Xm
7.23
50
and y., =[In. hi-)= 3.9019
49
= 385 + ( 5.1034
= 3851n3/s
=S.I034
X 223)
= 1523 m'fs
Calculation of Design Stenn
ftcopyrlghted
Ma1er1a1'"
"ACd~ional resource
Solution
Time
(h)
0
12
24
36
4$
Curnul.
rainfall
12-h
increment
[cm]
(cn1)
0.0
10.2
30.5
34.0
38.0
0
10.2
20.3
3.5
2.0
Hydrology,
Ord,
l;irst
arrange-
tif
12--h
flJCl11
UH
98
72
75
50
30
15
7
0
R<1inrnJ1
lnfihr<11ion excess or
Deslgn
(crn in 12
o~';'Sign
sequence
IM>ur$.)
storm
ltn1)
0
32
96
130
126
60
84
96
106
120
132
0
3.5
10.2
20.3
2.0
2.0
20.3
10.2
3.5
0
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.6
0
1.7
8.4
18.5
0.2
Note: Col. 6 rs reversed sequence cl Col. J

lnflhraticn loss= 0.15 cn\/h = 1.8 cm per 12 hour interval
CIa cu I nuon ofFlodHd

I'!' 1'02.1'30 h
0
Excess rainfall or Design
storm (cm)
ord. of
12-h
Tin1c:
UH
(h)
(1n3/s)
0
12
24
36
48
60
72
84
96
108
120
132
1<4
156
168
0
32
96
130
126
98
75
50
30
15
7
0
Base
now
1.7
8.
0
$4.4
0
163.2 266.6
221 806.4
214.2
1092
1&6.6 1058
121.S 823.2
65
630
51
420
25.5
252
11.9
126
0
58.8
0
18.5
0
592
1n6
2405
2331
1613
1388
925
555
277.5
129.5
0
0.2
0
6.
19.2
26
25.2
19.6
15
10
6
3
1.4
(n1l/s)
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
ord. of
Flood
Hydroyaph
Cm"Js)
50
104
462
1669
3139
3699
3358
2603
1928
1268
753
392
183
51
50
Hyd101C>lly, Thin:I EcMiOl"l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McG,av1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
7.24
Dosren
. SIonn:
Carcurauon
I I I o f
Cumul
12h
1ainlal
inc.re
men I
(cm)
(cm)
Time
(h)
0
6
12
16
24
0.0
5.0
12.0
15.0
l 7.6
First
arrange
01d. of
6h UH
0
5.0
7.0
3.0
2.6
ment
0
12.5
25
37.5
30
40
36
42
46
30
Oesign
sequence
ontcm
in 12
hours)
3.0
1.0
5.0
50
lnfillrali
0
2.6
5.0
7.0
3.0
as
0
0.6
0.6
0.6
o.s
Rainfall
excess of
Design
sto1m
(cm)
0
2.0
4.4
6.4
2.4
20
10
0
S4
Calculation of
Flood Hydrogrnph:
Excess Rainfall of Design
Stonn{cm)
ord. or
ord or
Buse
Flood
Time
6-hUH
1-i yc.Jrogr..tph
(h)
(n1l/s)
now
(ml/S)
0
6
12
18
24
30
36
42
48
54
60
66
72
7.25
(a)
2.0
12.S
25.0
37.5
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0
0
25
50
75
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
0
4.4
0
55
110
165
220
176
132
88
44
0
0
0
6.4
0
80
I 60
240
320
256
I 92
128
64
0
0
1.4
0
30
60
90
120
96
72
48
24
0
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
(m>fs)
20
45
125
285
475
620
666
566
416
264
132
44
20
-R,=1-(1-T) I
Solution
0.05=1-(I--)
. 0.95=(1-_I_)"
T
1' = 390 years

I " =0.12
R.=1-(1--)
(b)
390
R, =
12%
7.26
R =(1--1 )"
7.27
R,=1-(1-7)"
7.28
'
50
= 0.603
(a)
O.IOl-(1-7)':
(bl
0.10=1-(I--)":
T=!Oyea.s
T=190YearS
if =1-0-.!..r
'
When T=
11.
R1=1-(1-!)"
(I -.t ) =l-11x+
n(n-1)
Jl
n(n-1)(11-2
,I{ -
2!
When .r = //11
I).
I n r1(11-I)
( I -= --+
JI
":
2!.Jll
3!
11(11-1)(11-2
].1rJ
_J
;r+
+-1\
l-l+_l_ __ l__ _I_+ (Jn-2) _ _l_A

2! 2!n 3!
3!.n~
4!
For large values of 11

I,
I
I
I
=e 1
2! 3! 4!
= 1-e =I -(2.71828)'' = I 0.3678 = 0.6322
(1--)
=1-1+---+-A
11
7f,
7.29
X = 1200 ml/sand <T.,~, = 650 1n:i/s

Reliability R. = 0.95
1-;
= (0.95)""'
= (I - ;)"'
= 0.9989746
Solution
Hydrology,
T = 975.29 =say 975 years

.l:T=
x + K 0-... 1
K = Yr -053622
1.1123$
Also,
975
~r = -Hn . In
J
.
(975-1)
= 6.881925
= 5.7046
.rr=
7.30
1200 + (5.7046)x650
= 8520
m}/s and 0'.,.1
= 4908 m'ts
= 3900 1n}/s.
N-= 21 years. 11 = 40 years
Reliability R~ = 0.35 = (I - ~)>

T= 247 years
For using Gumbels method: From Tables 7.3 and 7.4, for N-= 21 years
Y.
= o.5252 ands.= 1.0696
sr =-[In
247
.111246 I= 5.50736
K= 5.5()736-0.5252
=4.657966
1.0696
.tr= 8520 + (4.657966)x 3900 = 26686 1n~/s, sav 26700 11fl/s
XT = C11r = 26700 nrvs: Caf = 1.3 x 26700 = 34710 111 /s
Safety n1argin = 34710 - 26700 = 8010 nr1/s
'
'
Solution
Hydrology,
Chapter 8
8.1
Goodrich Method is used IOr routing. By Bq. 8.7

+l,)+(2S,
(I,
-Q,)=<2S, +Q,)
tit
J.\ time interval of at= 3 hours= 0.0108 Ms is chosen. Following table is prepared
tl.1
10 construct
various curves.
Elev. (mj
299.S
300.2
300.7
301.2
301.7
302.2
302.7
S (Mm')
Q (rn)/s) ( 2S +Q)
4.8
0
0
IS
40
75
115
160
5.5
6.0
6.6
7.2
7.9
8.8
'"
888.9
1018.5
1126.1
1262.2
1408.3
1578.0
1789.6
Fig. p, 8. l(tl} shows the plot of Elevation us ( 2S +Q) ~and Elevation
\'SQ
curves. For an
!J.1
initial reservoir elevation or 300.00 the inflow hydrograph is routed through the reservoir
as in Table p-8. I.
Goodrich method: 61 = 3 hours= 0.0108 Ms
,.,
I 1111'/s)
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
10
20
52
60
53
43
32
22
16
10
nnH:
t:le!v11til.u1
Cl1 + 1,)
30
72
112
113
96
75
54
36
26
C2S/i1U (1
995.0
1023.0
1075.0
1131.8
1168.2
1180.5
1174.9
1158.2
1137.6
(2S/.itl+ 0
995.0
1025.0
1095.0
1187.0
1244.8
1264.2
1255.5
1228.9
1196.2
1163.6
(111)
300.00
300.30
300.45
300.95
301.17
301.24
301.21
301.11
300.99
300.87
~lr'ls)
0.00
1.00
10.00
27.60
38.29
41.88
40.26
35.35
29.30
23.27
HV(i1'0IO'l!Y. Thin:I EcMiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
Solution
ecc
'"
"''
,.,
...
Hydrology,
. ..
""
1:?00
Oi~h.vge
,,.
<
.g
301
,,.
... 3'!0.!I
'"
"''
'"
(:tSJ.'l~+O
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
ElllWl!IOA\'l;
g 3'11.!I
_,,..
,.,,..-
Ele'lllion~
l12SfAl).0
/
0
20
...
"
..
... ,,.
ou1now(Oln111i~a)
....
... . .
ig. 1'-8.l(a) Basic plots for routing by Goodrich Method

Tbe inflow and omflow hydrographs are sbown in Fig. P-3. l(b). The variation of etevariun
with rime is shown in Fig. P-8. I (c}.
Solution
Hydrology,
60
...-
..
50
40
"'~
~ 30
u
.~
Q
20
10
O ... ..,
0
..
10
1$
20
Time (Hours)
Fig. PS.l(b) Inflow and Outflovl' Hydrographs
30
Solution
.,,,,.-
-......_
--........
/
I
I
I
--
'
"
"
"
Tim (Hot,11
Fig. 1> 8. l(c) Reservoir \\'S Elevation

0
8.2
I
I
\'S Outtlow
Goodrich Method is used for routing. A time interval of L\t = 3 hours = 0.0108 f\.1s
is chosen for routing.
Titt.C
(b'>
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
I (ln'\/s) (11+1:)
10
20
52
60
53
43
32
22
16
10
30
72
112
113
96
75
5
36
26
(2Sl&t) Q
(lS/~I)+ Q
E"'''nlion
Q (Jn>/s)
1231.1
1188.3
1183.8
1204.1
1215.3
1212.2
1199.6
1173.8
1147.4
1358.824
1267.1
1260.3
1295.6
1317.1
1311.3
1287.2
1253.6
1211.a
1173.4
301.50
301.19
301.17
301.29
301.36
301.3 ..
301.26
301.20
301.04
60..84
39.41
36.25
45.86
300.90
25.08
50.92
.. 9.53
43..81
39.91
32.17
ftcopyrlghted Ma1er1a1'" "ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied with the boOk El'lgineemo
Solution
Hydrology,
"'
....
..-
lnflO\\'
.s~
.......
'II
. . .y
!!'
~ 30
...
15
20
"
0
'
rme "
(.'Houts)
"
Fig. J8.2(a) lnflo"' & Ourncw Hydrographs

301.6
.... 301.S
!. 301.4
301.3
-'\
'\.
~ 301.i
~ 301.1
" "'
~ 301.0
300.9
300.8
"
"
Tlmo (hours)
Fig. 1.s.2 (b) Variation of Reservoir \\1.S. Elevation with 'rime

8.3
is used for routing. A time interval of .1.t = 6 hours = 0.0216 t\.1s

is chosen for routing.
Q = JSH''~ m-'/s
Goodrich ~fchod
Solution
Elev. (m}
;5.00
58.00
60.00
61.00
62.00
63.00
S (Mm')
Q (nl'l/s} (2S +Q)

Ill
0.25
0.65
J.00
1.25
1.50
1.$1)
42.4
23.1
60.2
92.6
130.7
181.3
78.0
244.7
0
0
0
15.0
1'a ble I -83..

TittM-
(b)
0
6
12
18
2<
30
36
42
I (roJ/s)
5
20
O
60
50
32
15
10
(I,+ ll)
25
60
100
110
82
47
25
(?.l\fAt}
60.2
85.2
l 01.1
95.3
94.9
97.1
101.2
(2.SIAt)+ Q
60.2
85.2
1-tS.2
201.1
20S.3
176.9
144.1
126.2
Elt,:11lon
(nl)
(rn'ts)
58.00
59.54
61.29
62.32
62.38
61.92
61.27
60.98
o.oo
0.00
22.03
52.94
55.19
39.89
21,48
14.45
ftcopyrlghted Ma1er1a1 .. "'ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
(India) Pvt lid. This resource materialis lot lns1ruc1or'suse onty."
Solution
..
...
50
...
(2Sf,U).-Q
..
250
300
;;;:::
.,
62
60
/
.. I
..
57
e
59 ~
~!I!
~Elevtuioo vs Disdiarg!!
57
--Elev:ition vs (2Sf1\l)O
SS
Fig. p8.3(a)
'
SS
30
40
Oil1eh~r9e 0 (mtls)
5~
..
70
Basic plots for routing by Goodrich Method
HV(ir'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EcMiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
Solution
Hydrology,
,.
/~-~- '\. ..
,.
.. ti .. OlllHOw
-+-Inflow
~',
"
JO
Tlm.(Hours)
"
Fig. P~ 8.3(b) LnOo,, & Oulflo'v Elydrographs

6l.O
&2.5
02.0
..... 61.5
$1,0
,. /
.....,
-~ 00.5
t; 6().0
>
!! $9,5
w
59.0
58.5
5".0
$7,5
/
/
10
20
30
40
so
Time (hours)
Fig. PS.3(c)
vartatleu or \V .S. Elevation in the Rcscevotr-, Problem 8.3
Peak outnow = 55.20 11,-'/s

Attenuation = 4.80 111J/s
Etevauon of reservoir \\1.S. al peak outflow= 62.38 111
8.4
101.00 tO 100.50
Change of \V.S. elevation:
111
= 100,000 m;;
Average discharge= ( 1$ + 25)/2 = 21.5 m;./s
I = 10.0 1n'ls constant.
Lil= LIS /(Average Q- Average J) = I 000001(21.5- 10.0)
= $696 $C'C()l1dS= 2 h 25 min
L\$
8.S
= 2 hours = 7200 s.
2SI41 (72000 +36000 y )n200
L\t
Q = io.
(2Sl4t) + Q=
Tim(l
(b)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
I
(1n'ts)
0
10
2Q
30
27
24
21
18
15
12
9
6
3
0
10+ !Sy
(11 + I:)
10
30
50
57
51
45
39
33
27
21
15
9
3
= 10 + 5 y;
(2..-1\/AU Q
10.00
6.67
1 . 11
3.70
4.43
2.19
0.94
0.65
2. 12
3.63
5.12
6.63
8.12
(?S/At)+
10
20.00
36.67
51.11
53.30
46.57
42.81
38.06
33.65
29.12
24.63
20.12
15.63
11.12
)' (lu)
0
0.67
1.78
2.74
2.89
2.44
2.19
1.67
1.58
1.27
0.98
0.67
0.38
0.07
..
200
200.67
201.78
202.74
202.89
202.44
202.19
201.87
201.58
201.27
200.98
200.67
200.38
200.07
0
6.67
17.78
27.41
28.86
24.3$
21.87
18.71
15.76
12.75
9.75
6.75
3.75
0.75
Ek,nti
(ln'ls)
ftcopytlghted Ma1et1a1'" "ACd~iona1 resource mate1ial s1.1pplied with the boOk El'lgineemo
Hydl'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EdifiOl'l w1lt1en by Or. K. $1.1bramanya & p1.1blished by McGr'3.w-Hlll Ecvc-.a1t0n
{India) Pv1. L1d. This resource material Is lot lns1ruc1o(s use onty:
Solution
..
...!.
;
"
"
...
as
~~
:io
'
'
c
c
Hydrology,
rs
"
i5
'
s
0
..
Fig.
p8.5(a)
203.5
203.0
g 202.5
-~2020 .
- 201.5
w
(/) 201.0 .
3' 200.5 I/'
200.0
199.5
'
'
"
Time (Hours)
Variation
of
''
Innow
and
Ourncw
30
with
Time
....
/
~
II
--
-.....
"
10
15
20
25
30
Time (hours)
Fig. P-8.S(b) Variilti1n of Reservoir \'7.S. Elevation with Ti111e
Sh
For storasc
~
routino
l:'
S. -S =(I, + '~)
I
2
/jJ -
(Q, +Q~)
2
Hydl'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EdifiOl'l w1lt1en by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGr'3.w-Hlll Ecvc-.a1t0n
{India) Pv1.L1d. This resource material Is lot lns1ruc1o(s use onty:
.
(l,+i.)
SinceS = KQand
=I,
= t, tit - CQ, ;Q,l
S1- S, = K Qi-KQ,
KQi+ Q!iJt/2
= i,LJ1-Q,t11!2+KQ1
Q2(K + 41/2) =
i, tit+
/jf
Q2=
Q,(K -41/2)
(K-l")
- Q1 =C1i,+C2Q,
11+
(K+6t)
(K+6t)
\\'here c. =
61
tl1
(K + 6t)
= _2~ru
__
(2K +61)
2
_ ( K - !JJ 12) _(~2~K_-_ll1-'-)
C... -""'."":
(K + ll1)
(2K + 61)
2
In the present problem C, =
Q,:0.4
C.
= (2x4-2)
(2x4+2)
I,
(h)
(111J/~)
0
2
'6
0
20
60
100
BO
10
12
60
40
30
20
10
0
"
-0.6
t, +0.6Q,
'ttme
16
18
20
22
2
26
28
2x?
= 0.4
(2x4+2)
t,
(l1+l1\f2 0.4
0
10
4
<O
16
32
60
90
36
70
28
50
20
35
25
10
15
6
5
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
"
I,
0.6Q,
0.00
2.40
11.04
25.82
37.09
39.06
35.43
29.66
23.80
17.88
11.93
7.16
4.29
2.58
~f'/s)
0.00
4.00
18.40
43.04
61.82
65.09
59.06
49.43
39.66
29.80
19.88
11.93
7 .16
4.29
2.58
Hydl'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EdifiOl'l w1lt1en by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGr'3_w-Hlll Ecvc-.a1t0n
Solution
1''ig. p-8.6 Inflow and Outncw Hydrographs

8.7
4)t
= 6 hours
As a first trial x = 0.2 is selected and values of [x I + (lX) Q) are calculated and
ploued againsl values of S in Fig. P-8.7. As a looped curve is obtained other lrials have (O
be made, Aflel' trial and error a value of x = 0.3 is taken as final value as it gives a nearly
Slraight line. 'The best fining Slraigt1l line is Y: 0.0992 X + 17.194 \Vilh R? = 0.9947. Tile
inverse slope= K = 10.08. say JO hours.
Tin1e
'h\
f1n.'!/s)
'n1;/s\
n-
0
6
12
18
24
3()
20
80
210
240
215
170
20
20
0
60
160
90
15
-40
50
150
200
210
0)
'1
t.\S IC.I.~
A,1:1:tgt 6
I
3()
110
125
0
180
840
1590
ii. n\
52.5
12.5
l1n)/s.h\
0
180
660
750
315
75
=
!l\S x = 0.2
20
32
82
168
1905 203
183() 202
x =0.3
20
38
98
177
204.5
196
Hydl'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EcMiOl'l w1lt1en by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGr'3_w-Hlll Ecvc-.a1t0n
Solution
130
90
60
40
28
16
36
42
48
54
60
66
185
155
120
85
55
23
Hydrology,
55
65
60
5
27
.7
47.5
60
62.5
52.5
-36
17
.265
-360
1545
.375
810
495
279
177
-315
216
102
1185
174
142
108
76
49.6
21.6
166.5
135.5
102
71.5
46.9
2<).9
250
x=.3
2<)0
~ISO
~
~
~ 100
.?!.
50
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Storage S (m11s.h)
Fig. 1'-8.7
8.S
Determination of Kand x ror the channel reach
K = 22 h and x = 0.25 Take i.\t = 12 hours.
C = (-22><0.25)+(0.5xl2)
=0.0222
22-(22x0.25)+(0.Sxl2)
C, = (22x0.25)+(0.5xl2)
=O.Sl II
22-(22x0.25)+(0.S xl2)
C1= 1.o-co.0222 +0.5111) =0.4667
Routing equation is Q'l = C"o/2 + C'1 t, +
Cz Q1
ftcopytlghted Maletial'" "ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied with the boOk El'lgineemo
seo
Lag :21 h
250
_,..
-
~E
e rso
.... 1
a
'
i5 100
a
,.
0
0
Fi~. p. 8.8
40
Tim (hour$)
''
Inflow and Outflo,v hydrographs
rao
...
..
or the reach
From Fig, pS.S. Peak Jag= 21 hand auenuaucn = 35 n1J/s
8.9
K=l.6days=38.4ha11dx=0.2S
c, =
Take at e e hours.
(-38.4x0.2S)+(O.Sx6)
=-0.253
38.4-(3S.4x0.2S) +(0.5x6)
C, = (38.4x0.28)+(0.5x6)
=0.449
384 -(38.4x0.28) +(0.5 x6)
C1= 1.0- ( .0.253 + 0.449) = 0.804
Routing equation is Q2 =Cst:+ C1 I,+ Ci Qi
Hydl'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EdifiOl'l w1lt1en by Or. K. $1.1bramanya & p1,1blished by McGr'3_w-Hlll Ecvc-.a11on
Solution
Table p-8.9:
S. 10
Time
(h)
(m'/s)
0
6
12
18
2
30
35.o
55.0
92.0
130.0
160.0
140.0
0.25J 1,
0.449 '
0.804 Q,
Q (m'ts)
13.92
23.28
32.89
40.-48
3.S.42
15.72
24.70
41.31
58.37
71.84
28.14
24.07
20.49
2325
33.07
35
29.94
25.49
28.91
41.14
69.49
K =8.0 hand x = 0.2.~ Take at= 4 bcurs.

C, = (-8.0x0.25)+(0.5x4)
=O
8.0-(8.0x0.25)+(0.5 x4)
C, = (8.0x0.2S)+(0.5x4)
=O.S
8.0-(8.0x0.25) +(0.Sx4)
C,= 1.0-(0+0_5)=0.5
Routing, equation is Q.: = Co/2 + C111 + C2 Q1=0.5 f 1 + 0.5 Q1
Tin1c
(h)
(1n'ts)
8.0
16.0
30.0
30.0
25.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
6
12
16
20
24
26
8.11
0.5 1,
4.00
8.00
15.00
15.00
12.50
10.00
7.50
0.5 Q,
I .OO
4.00
8.00
10.50
12.75
12.63
11.31
Q
(111J/s}
8.00
8.00
12.00
21.00
25.50
25.25
22.63
18.81
K = 10.0 hand x = 0. 'fake at= 3 bcurs.

C, =
(O.SxJ)
10.0+(0.5x3)
=0.1304
C, =
(0.5x3)
=0.1304
IO.O+(O.Sx3)
Ci= t.0-(0.1304+01304)=0.7392
Routing equation is Qi= Col2 + C1 /1 + C2 Q1 = 0.1304 (11+ Ii)+ 0. 7392 Q,
ftcopytlghted Maletlal'" "'ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied with the boOk El'lgineemo
Solution
1'able n..~8.I I
Time
8.12
(h)
I
(m3/s)
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
10.0
40.0
70.0
62.5
55.0
47.5
40.0
32.S
25.0
17.5
10.0
(I,+!,)
50.0
t 10.0
132.5
117 ,5
102.5
87.5
72.5
57.5
42.5
27.S
0.1304 x
0.7392 Qi
(Col. 3)
0.00
6.52
14.34
17.28
15.32
13.37
11.41
9.45
7.50
5.5~
3.59
Q
(m'ls)
10
I 13.91
24.63
I 35. .a
41.55
7.39
10.28
18.20
26.23
30.71
32.58
32.52
31.03
28.48
25.15
144.06
43.99
I 41.97
38.53
I 34.02
128.73
K =9.5 hand r.. = 70 h. Take 6t.:.= I hours.

C =
'
(0.5xl) =0.05
9.5+(0.5<1)
C, = 9.S-0.5
=0.90
. 9.5+0.5=
Routing equation is Q~ = 2 c, /1 +Ci Q1 = 0. 10 11 + 0.90 Q1 <ordinate of IUH
Al 1=0,Qo=O
=2.78A/l.0=2.78A,
/0
m'ls
Catculancn of IUH and I -h UH arc shown in Table pS.12.
Table p-8.12
Tin)(:
(hi
0
1
2
3
,\#(krnJ)
I (n1.l/s)
01 1,
(t.9 o,
Ord.
11r
IUll
(1n1ts)
o.oo
o.oo
o.oo
o.oo
o.oo
Ord.
ICol.6
C<1L7)
o.oo o.oo
or
IJI I.
(Cut& 12)
n1'1s
o.eo
1.39
2.78
0.00
2.78
0.00 2.78
10.56 2.50
13.07
15.85
7.92
2.78
5.56
11.76
17.3:2
13.07 30.39
15.19
12.51
15.59 28.10
17.32 -45.-42
22.71
31.14
5
8.90
25.29 34.18
28.10 62.28
2.78
'30.77 33.55
34.18 07.73
33.86
6
7
0.56
30.19 30.75
33.55 $4..29
32.15
27.67 27.67
30.75 58.-42
29.21
8
24.90 24.90
27.67 52.58
26.29
9
Hydl'OIO'l!Y. Thild EcMiOl'l w1lt1en by Or. K. $1.1bramal'lya & p1.1blished by MCGr'3_w-Hlll ECvc-.a1t0n
'
10.00
38.00
20.00
45.00
32.00
10.00
2.00
27.80
105.64
55.60
125.10
88.96
27.60
5.56
Col.6
""ilh
I 11
lag
Solution
10
22.41
20.17
18.16
16.34
14.71
13.24
11
12
13
14
15
S.13
K= 10.0h~ndx=O,
2'2.41
20.17
18.16
16.34
14.71
13.241
24.90
22.41
20.17
16.16
16.34
14.71
47.32
42.59
38.33
34.50
3t.05
27.94
23.U
21.29
19.16
17.25
15.52
13.97
61=3hours,andx=0.5
C = -K+ll.i = -I0+3 :0.5385

(I
K+tl1
10.0+3
c, =1.0
C1= Co= 0.538:>
Q, = 0.538:> (I,- Q,) +I,
I
(nfl/s)
10.00
40.00
70.00
62.50
55.00
47.50
40.00
32.50
25.00
17.50
10.00
Time
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Peak Las=
8.14
0.5386 X(lzQ,)
Q 1n3/s
16.t6
23.61
-0.60
7.76
3.9
6.0
-4.86
-5.416
5.14
5.31
1 o.o
26.16
63.61
69.40
54.74
51.10
41.52
35.14
27.04
19.86
12.19
3 hours.
Auenuation
= 0.60 1nJ/s
,,,
tlS = 1-Q
For a linear reservoir S
= K Q. As such
,,,
KdQ =1-Q
dQ +aQ=a/
(II
\\'he.n J=l(l+p1
Hydl'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EcMiOl"l w1lt1en by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGr'3_w-Hlll Ecvc-.a1t0n
Q=[10+p1-p
+c,1
When l =O. Q = o. Hence C = p
Q=Pt+(P-1,)e_P
- I6
8.15
I (t/K)" I e ofK
r(11)K
Herc K = 6.0 and n = 4,0
rr ..) = 1'(4) = 3!=6.0
11(1)=
u(t) in cru/h e -1-(1/6)"-1 :" = 0.02778 (r /6)' e '''

6x6
Values of u(c) in cnllh for various values of 1 in hours is shown ot 3 hours interval
in Table pS.15. f\1u11iplying 11(1) in cmlh by ( 27Sx area of the catchment) = 2.78 x 500 =
1390 the value of 14(1) in 1113/s is obtained.
8. 16
in U(I) in Time
IU3/s
(h)
TinlC
(h)
11(1>
cm/h
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
0
0.002106
0.01022
0.02092
0.030077
0.03563
0.037343
0.035967
0.032564
0.026122
0.023-398
11(1)
1
r(11)K
0.00
33
36
2.9G
14.21
29.08
41.81
49.53
51.91
49.99
4S.20
39.09
32.52
39
42
45
46
51
54
57
60
63
11(1)
crnzh
in 11(1) in
m~/s
0.018889
0.014874
0.01147
0.008689
0.006482
o.004n1
0.003471
0.002~99
0.001783
0.001261
0.000886
26.26
20.67
1S.94
12.08
9.01
6.63
4.83
3.47
2.48
1.75
1.23
(1 / K)"-1 e'K
du
AlpeakOO\v-=
dt
r(11)K"
(t"
I
nc1"(11-l))=O
e ' IK (--)+e'
K
Hydl'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EcMiOl"l w1lt1en by Or. K. $1.1bramanya & p1.1blished by MCGr'3_w-Hlll ECvc-.a1t0n
Solution
---
r(11)K"
l I _, e_,,,( -- I ) +e -IK t -(
u- l)J = 0
K
Al peak J/K =(rt I) or Ip= K(nI)
(I(' I K)""' -o
111=
( )
f'{rt)K
"
(u-1)""1 t'-1..-u
r(u)K
S.17
B)' Nash model
==
11(r)
_ 1
{n-1)""1
t'1 .....
r(11)K
(s /
K)~- t-11"
r(11)K
Hert' K = 1.69 hand 11 = 3.3. Area of Catchment= 250 km"?

f(11) = r(J.3) = 2.3x l .3x r(l .3)
(from Tobie 8.6(Tcxi))
ro .3> = o.897471
r(3.3J = 2.6834
11(1> in cn1/h =
(s/l.69):J t!_,,.~
2.6834 x 1.69
= 0.220Sx(1 /I .69)'!J e11-"'
11(1) in ml/s = (11(1) in cmlh]
x 2.78 x 2.SO = 69S x tr(I) in <.-111/h
values of u(t) art calculated for various t values. Values of u(t) in m~/s are lagged
by I-hour and ordinates of l-h UI I are shown col. 5 of Table p-8.17.
Ta bl e n, 8.17 - C.I cu Ianon

' or I - II Ull b v N nsh M d cI
Time
(h)
u(l)
(cm/h)
u(l)
(m'ts)
0.000
0.036
0.099
0.140
0.150
0.139
0.) 17
0.092
0.069
0.050
0.035
0.000
25.367
69.130
97.207
104.250
96.381
81.120
63.992
46.143
34.930
24.630
2
3
4
5
6
7
6
9
10
U.H.
u(J)
l-bour
lagged by
(nfl/s)
I-hour
LCol.3 + Col.41/2
0.000
25.367
69.130
97.207
104.250
96.381
61,120
63.992
46.143
3'1.930
0.00
12.68
47.25
83.17
100.73
100.32
86.75
72.56
56.07
41.54
29.78
ftcopytlghted Ma1et1a1 .. "ACd~iona1 resource mate1ial s1.1pplied with the boOk El'lgineemo
Hydl'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EcMiOl"l w1lt1en by Or. K. $1.1bramanya & p1.1blished by McGr'3_w-Hlll Edvc-.a1t0n
Solution
0.024
0.017
0.011
0.007
0.005
0.003
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.000
11
12
13
,.
15
16
17
18
19
20
S.IS
16.970
11.472
7.631
5.008
3.24$
2.065
1.326
0.837
0.525
0.327
24.630
16.970
11.472
7.631
5.006
3.248
2.085
1.326
0.837
0.525
20.80
14.22
9.55
6.32
4.13
2.67
1.71
1.08
0.68
0.43
~ln= II.Oh
MQ1=2S.O
Mu=l70h
MQ1=730
11K=t-.1Q1-1'<111:25.0-11.0:14
~IQ! - f\11! = 11 (n+ I) K + 2 uK r-.tu
= (11Ki' + (nKJ K + 2 ~1K) Mu
Hence 730- 170 = (14)'+ (14) K + (2 xl4 x 11)
K = 4.0 '1.1\d II= 3.5

r(n) = r(J.5) = 2.5x I .3x
ru.5)
1'(1.5) = 0.886227
r(J.5) = 3.3233
11(1)
r(11)K
(1/K)""' e"'"'
1
(1/ K)?.~ e""' = 0.075226(1/4),,'e-'''

3.32J3x4
in m>ts = 2.78 x 100 x 11(1) in cm/h = 20.91(t/4)~.s :"
u(1> in cnVh =
11(1)
Tiow:
u(1)
(h)
rn~/s
0
2
o.ooo
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
8.19
2.2'12
7.692
12.857
16.008
16.962
16.228
14,471
12.255
9.978
7.876
in
Ti1ne
(h)
u(1)
22
24
2
28
30
32
34
36
36
40
2
.002
4.571
3.386
2.472
1.7$2
1.270
0.696
0.627
0.435
0.300
0.206
in
1n3/s
Calculation of 1\111 and Af1i
Hydl'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EdifiOl'l w1lt1en by Or. K. $1.1bramanya & p1.1blished by McGr'3_w-Hlll Ecvc-.a1t0n
{India) Pv1.L1d. This resource material Is lo' lns1ruc1o(s use onty:
Tbl
a C~'.819()a
Time{h)
'
0
6
12
18
24
Rain tall
Excess
(cm)
0
4,3
2.8
3.9
2.7
jntervet
t.u (h}
..I
Flrs1
mere. Moment
6
6
6
6
SUM
area
Olm
mcmem
0
25.8
16.8
23.4
16.2
82.2
0
3
9
15
21
0
77.4
151.2
351
340.2
919.s
Second
Momeni
(Pait aJ
Second
>.ioment
0
232.2
1360.8
5265
7144.2
14002.2
(Pan b)
0
77.4
50.4
70.2
48.6
2.tS.6
In Tobie p-8.19 (o)

Col 6 =first moment of the incremental area about the origin = (Col. 4 x xCol.SJ
Col. 7 =Col 4 x (Col. 5)'

Col.$= second moment of the incremental area about its own centroid=
Mu
Mu
= ( 1112) x (Col. 3)' x (Col. 2)

=(Som of Col. 6)/(Som of Col 4) = 919.8182.2 = 11.19
= ((Sum of Col. 7)+ (Sum of Col.S)Y(Sum of Col 4) = ( 14248.8 + 246.8)11\2.2
= 173.34
Calculation of l\1Q1 and l\.'IQ1
Time
O<d. ol
ORH
lncre.
Momeni
rm31s1
;n
bl
tm3/$1
fnervaJ
lhl
At
area
arm
0
6
12
18
24
30
36
42
48
0
20
140
368
380
280
160
75
30
10
0
0
10
80
254
374
330
220
117.5
52.5
20
5
0
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
8
8
8
0
60
480
I 524
2244
1980
1320
705
315
'20
30
0
8778
0
3
9
15
21
27
54
80
88
SUM
3
Average
OR rate
First
moment
63
0
180
4.320
22860
47124
53460
43560
27495
14175
6120
1710
0
3'13
221004
33
39
45
51
57
In Table p-8.19 (b)

= F'irSI moment of the incremental area of
(Col. 5 x Col.6]
Col. 8 e Col. 5 x (Col. 6)'
Col 7
Seoond
Moment
Seooncl
Momeni
(Part
{Part
''
0
540
38880
342900
989604
1443420
1437480
1072$05
637875
312120
97470
0
6372594
bl
0
180
1440
4572
6732
5940
3960
2115
945
360
90
0
26334
DRH about the origin=
ftcopytlgh1ed Ma1et1a1'" "ACd~iona1 resource mate1ial s1.1pplied with the boOk El'lgineemo
Hydl'OIO'l!Y. Thilcl EcMiOl"l w1lt1en by Or. K. Subramanya & published by MCGr'3_w-Hlll ECvc-.a1t0n
Col. 9 e Seccnd moment of the incremental area cf DRH about it$ own centroid=
= ( 1112) x (Col. 4)' x (Col. 3)
Moo= (Sum of Col. 7)/(Sum of Col. 5) = 22100418778 = 25.18
Mu= ((Sum of Col. SJ+ (Sum ofCol.9)Jl(Sum of Col. S)
= (6372594+
26334)18778 = 728.97
Determination or 11 and K
11K=MQi-Mn
=25.18-11.19=13.99
1'ilQ2 - f\lu = 11 (tr+ J) K~ + 2 uK ri.111
= (11K)!+ (nKJ K + 2 (nK) f\.tu
Hence 728.97 - 173.34 = ( 13.99)' + (13.99) K + (2x1399
K = 46.82113.99 = 3.35 and 11 = 13.9913.35 = 4.18
11.19)
CHAPTER9
9.1
\\'eigh1
of water drained by gravity = 105 - 97 = 8 N
votume of water drained= 819790 = 0.817 x 10} 1n3/s = O.S l 7 liters

Specific yield= (0.817/5) x 100 = 16.34%
votumeof pores= (105 - 93)19790 = l.22574x 10'3 nr>= 1.225'74 liters
votume of solids= 5.0 - 1.2257 = 3.7743 liters; Wt of solids= 93 N
Density of solids= 93/ (3.7743 x JO'')= 24642 Nim'
Relative density of solids= 2464219790 = 2.517

9.2
i=(45.0-39.5)12000=2.75x
10"'
(a)
Q = 2000 x 25 x 30 x 2.75 x 10 J = 4125 m'tday
(b)
h=45-(2.75x
IO''x300)=44.175m
9.3
Va= 421(6 x 60 x 60) = 1.9444 x 10' mis

\I= II. Va= 0.2 x I .9444 x JO.}= 3.889 x 10 ... n1/s;
i = 0.85 x 0.42 = 0.020238 ;
K= VI i =0.0192 mis= J.92cm/s
9.4
s = 1(11P+a)
t= 9. 81 x lo':~=
llEw
= 1/(2.2
xJO'J cm1/N = 4.5455 x 101 m1/N
a= l/E~
= 1/7800 cm?/N = 1.2821 x 104 m2/N

S = 9. Six 101 x(0.32 x 4.5455 x 1000 + 1.2821 x 104) x 30 = 3.816 x 10'3
-In. Jli(" + n. ~)
a.=
=-I
9.5
0.32x4.5455xl0'"
(1.2821l<I0~11)
+(0.32x4.5455x10~11)
Refer10 Fig.P9.5.
I =-00112
=-1.12
l', = \t sin8 = V sin 30<> = 0.5\'
v.=Vcos8 =Vcos30=0.866V
i =(157.00-156.50)
=-1-
800
1600
\~.=Ki= K/1600
K/1600 = 0.866 v
01' v = K/1847.5
Similarly i..:.. =Ki= 0.5 V=0.5 x (K/1847.5) = Kf3695
;, = 1/3695 = (-aH,)12000
<IH, = 2000/3685 = 0.541 = H., H,
H., = Elevation of water table at C = 157000 -0.541 = 1545.459 m
Hydl'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EcMiOl"l w1lt1en by Or. K. Subramanya & published by MCGr'3_w-Hlll ECvc-.a1t0n
Solution
NORTH
GJEL 158.00
FLOW
Al"'~~~-~.>...:B::_~~+EAST
GL: El.160.00
\VT: El. 157.00
f;g. P-9.5
9.6
GL: El. 159.00

WT: El. 156.00
Problem 9.5
Refer to Fig.P9.6. T = K~ B = '.K18,

Ke x 12 = (3.5 x 45) + (3.5 x20) + (5 x 30)
Ke= 377.5112 = 31.46 m/d:ty
12.0 m
J,5m
K.= 45
mis
35m
1<;,.._20
mid
I<> 30
m/dl
lm
Fig. p9.6 Problem 9.6
ftcopytlghted Ma1et1a1'" 'ACd~iona1 resource mate1ial s1.1pplied with the boOk El'lgineemo
Hydl'OIO'l!Y. Thild EdifiOl'l w1lt1en by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGr'3_w-Hlll Ecvc-.a1t0n
0
Solution
9. 7
Refer to Fig.f>-9.7. The flow is normal to the stratification. Hence,

K = !L, = (IOO+L+50)
'!(L,IK,)
(100+_!:_+50)
JO 0.1 50
K = 150+L
' IOL+ll
Q = O.S m31s = Vx ("'4) x ( 1.2)1
V = 0. 707 m/day = K,. i = K, x (20/( 120+l)(
1oom
K,
10 m/day
som
Sihy Sand
K3
0.1 m/day
I(,
SOm!dav
Fig. P9.7
Substituting for K,.,
1~)
20
( J50+
x(
) = 0.707
JOL+ll
JSO+L
l= 20-7.7$= J.7301
9.8
7.07
Referring to Pig. P-9.8. 111) = 30 + 15
11,= 10+ 15:25rn
= 45 m
Gross velocity V = K (h.. -h,) = 20x ( 45- 25) =0.267 rnzday

L
1500
Actual velocity of seepage= V., = Vin= 0.267/0.3 = 0.889 m/day
Time 10 travel t = (1500/0.889) = 1687 days= 4.6 years
ftcopytlghted Maletlal'" "'ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied with the boOk El'lgineemo
Hydl'OIC>l!Y. Thild EcMiOl"l w1lt1en by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGr'3_w-Hlll Edvc-.a11on
Solution
--
.,
..
30 m
IMP
10 m
IN'
h,
15 m
Flow
K=20m/d
150() m
Fig. P9.8 Problem 9.8

9.9
Refer to Fig. P 9.9.

q e discharge per unit length of gallery
50
150
(J'-Ji')1
K ~
2l
x.2
xl(3.2) -(0.S) J = 3.2 m Is per meter len~lh
"'
h,
L
fig. P-9.9 Ptoblotn 9..9
9. 10
,J:h
2R
rt,,.; = -K
In the present case the impervious surface is ti units below the bouom or the drain.
tli(h+cl)
dx:
=-- 2R
K
R ' +C,.\'+C:
(It+<!) ' =--.r
K
when
x = 0, h =II()
c1 = (ho-+t/)1
Hydl'OIO'l!Y. Thild EcMiOl"l w1lt1en by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGr'3_w-Hlll Ecvc-.a1t0n
Solution
\\'hen.-:= L; 11 = h(J
when .,. = in, Ji = h,,,
C1 = NUK
R l'
l'
(It +(/)2 = (11,, +ti):+-(---)
K 2
4K
t: = 111".: -h; + 2d(h.

9.J I
-h,)]
.ho= 5.0
Refer to Fig.P-9.11.
=- R
(I)
lt1 = 3.0 m, l = 400 m, K = 3 mldlt)'
01,
L.
K(l1t-111:)
+2
21~
3 (5' -3')
400
6
10011
100=--x
+fl 2x4()0
2
R = 6 x 10" n1J/day/n1J
R
=----i200h
I I I I
'
I\. .. 5J)m
,.
3.0m
L 4COm
Protilcm 9. 1 I
Fl9. P-9.1 I
(2)
RL'
lt~-1t--
R11
'K
Ji=----(
...
K
~
11,
=-6xl0
x(IOO)
3
Solving for 11,.,,
-r
]a+11
~
II
25_9_
(6xl0~)x(400)'
3
]xlOO+S'
400
h,,, = 5.196 m
, Rl:
l1r,-h;-(3)
q,=K[
2l
K_]
ftcopytlghted Ma1et1a1'" 'ACd~iona1 resource mate1ial s1.1pplied with the boOk El'lgineemo
Hydl'OIO'l!Y. Thild EdifiOl'l w1lt1en by Or. K. $1.1bramanya & p1.1blished by McGr'3.w-Hlll Ecvc-.a1t0n
0
25_9_
(6xlO~)x(400)'
q0:3x(~~~~~~~~'~~-J
2x400
= 0.06 mJ/day/n1'''idIii
(Negative sin indicates now in (,\')direction J
q1 = R L + q0 = ({) x I 04 x 400) -0.06 = 0.18 m.l/day/m width
9.12
"=12.0m,
111=9.0m.
l=400m.
K= 1.5mld:iy
R = 20 crwyenr = (20 x 0.01)1365 = 5.49 x 10" m'ldoylm'

K (/~; -h;)
t:
a=-+R
2L
2
4000 =
1.5
x <12' -9'> = 2000-(2737.2x0.007S75)
2
0.000548 2x4000
= 1978.4 m
Rl K (I' I 'J 5.48xl0~ x4()()1) l.5x(l2'-9')

q,, =-2+ 2L 'ii - 1' =
2
+ 2x4000
= 1.0842 rn3/dny/rn width

(Negative sin indicates flow in ( ~.r}direction)
q11 = RL + q.., = (5.48 x
9.13
to" x 4000/2) -
1.0842 = l.108 n1'/day/n1 width
Q = 2;,KB(fl, -fl,)
ln(1~/1j)
Here K = 45 mlday = 45/(24 x 60 x 60) = 5.208 x 10" mis
rr = R = 350 m: ,., r,. = 0.15 m: (h~ - lt1) = s., 4.0 m
_ 2;;x5.20SxlO-'x25x4 _004,2 ,1,_25321.1,_,,,
.
- . _ m .s - 1 ersrmtnute
QIn (35010.15)
9.14
Here K = 35 mlday = 35/(24 x 60 x 60) = 4.051 x 10" mis

rs= R =300 m; r1 = r,, =0.10 m: (h1-h1) =s.,= 3.0 m
Q = 2Jrx4.0S I xl0-4 xJO x 3 =0.0286 nt3/s = 1716 Lpm

In (30010. IO)
(a)
g,, = In (30010.10)
= 1.095
Q In (300/0.20)
% change in discharge = 9.5% Increase
Hydl'OIO'l!Y. Thild EdifiOl'l w1lt1en by Or. K. Subramanya & published by MCGr'3_w-Hlll ECvc-.a1t0n
Solution
Q, =~ =2.0
Q 3
(b)
% change in discharge= 100% increase
Q,=175 =0.50
Q 35.0
(c)
% change in discharge
9.15
= 50%
decrease
=2;rl<8(h, -h,)
ln(r:/'i)
( 2000 )= 2~Kx35x(3.0-0.3)
1000 x60
In (120112)
K= 1.293:>( 1o'nt1s= 11.17111/day
9.16
V = ...!l_ =gross velocity

2;rr8
Seepage velocity =Vs= V/n = _Q_
2nr8n
<Ir 2,TrB'
tlt=--=-(b
v,
I,.
I
J: - 2:rr811
ti=Q
k
I=-
,18n(R'
_,
Q
9.17
')
'
K = 20/(60 x 60x 24) = 0.0002314 mis

hi= 30.0- 4.2
= 25.S m
tn = 30.0 - 5.0 = 25.0 m

_.<x0.0002314x(2S.S'-2S.0')_00426?27
- .
In (30115)
Q_
,1 __
.
m S - 2!'!!'! 61 lS
.
II!_,,?
If h,.. e Deptb of water table at the pumping well, then . :
11;-hl
lo(r./r)
1
"
In (1~/tj)
.-
(25.0)' - I,'. _ In (15.0/0.225) _

6 09
(25.S)' -(25.0)
ln(30.0/15.0) -.)
Solving hw =
19.46
Drawdewn at the pumping well =s.. , = (30.0 - 19.46) = J0.54 m
ftcopytlgh1ed Ma1et1a1 .. "ACd~iona1 resource mate1ial s1.1pplied with the boOk El'lgineemo
Solution
9.18
Q=2100Lpm=0.035m'ls
ht= 25.0 - 4.0 = 21.0 m, rr = 90 rn,
h, = 25.0- 5.0 = 20.0 m, r1=30111
0.035 = 17x K x(21.0' - 20.0')
In (90130)
K = 2.9852 x 101 mfs = 25.8 nt!day
T= KB= 25.8 ><25 = 645 nr'tdny/rn width
If h... = deplh of water table at the pumping well, !hen
"'~! _,'~.!
Ii; -hj
ln(1j/r.,)
ln(r:lij)
(20.?)' -11,; ' = In (30.0/0.15) = 4.8227

(21.0)" -(20.0)" In (90.0/30.0)
Solving h., = 14.22 111
Drawdown a11he pumping well =s ... = (25.0- 14.22) = J0.78 in
9.19
K=0.01 cm/s=0.001
mis
Q= IOLps=0.01 m'ls
hz = "" r1=25 rn.
h1 = h... =10.0 m, r1=0.15 m
O.OI =xO.OOlx(ll~ -10.0')
ln (25/0.15)
Solving Ir,..= 10.784 111
(a)
h: -Ji:
In (1Blt;,)
lf hs =depth of water Table al Point 13. then ~ : = ~~~
Ir~ -h~.
In (1:,/1j)
-(10.0)'
_ ln(40.0/0.15) = J.09IS7
(10.784)' -(10.0)'
ln(25.0/0.15)
Solving hn= J0.853 111

(ii,)'
(b)
dJO e mcdinn size = 2.S nun= 0.0025 m

v = 10.(,
Reynolds number = R~ = (V d;cf v) =( 0.0025 x \1)/10''' =
At Point A: r = 25 111. and V = _Q_ =

2ttrh
O.OI
2)(,,.x.25x:10.784
2500 \1
= 5.903 x I0'61n/s
(R,),,= 2500 x 5.903 x 10~ = 0.0148
Hydl'OIO'l!Y. Thild EcMiOl"l w1lt1en by Or. K. Subramal"lya & published by MCGr'3_w-Hlll ECvc-.a1t0n
{India) Pv1. L1d. This resource material Is lot lns1rue1o(s use onty:
At Point 8: r 40 m. aod V
= _g_
=
O.OI
= 3.667 x 10'> rn/s
2/frll 2'X,f"X40'X(0,853
(H,),,= 2500 x 3.667 x 10~ = 0.00917
At Pumping "ell:
= 0.15 m. and \1 = _Q_ =
O.OI
'2x;;rx0.J5xl0.0
= t.061x10-lmfs
'2,1"11
(R,),= 2500 x 1.061 x 10' = 2.653
9.20
Q = 600 Lpm = 0.01
ru-'/s
45 Ill. rr= 500 m.

ft1 :: 45.3: 42 Ill. r,= 0.225
fl1:
..
(a)
IU
?!
0.01 =ml: x(45 -4- )

In (500/0.225)
Solving K = 9.3984 x 10~ = 8. 12 mzdny
Q = = K(9.3984x 10-')x( 45' -39') =0.0193 on'ts = 1159 L m

In (500/0.225)
(a)
Q. = Q" = In (500/0.225) = 0.95

Q,,
0.01
In (500/0.15)
QJu=0.95x0.0I =9.5x 1oln1l/s=570Lpn1
9.21
9.22
0.005 = xK x(l 2.5' -12')

ln (30/15)
K=9.0x IO~mls=7.78m/day
K = 0.01 emfs= 0.0001 mis
/t1: 30 Ill. l'J: 20() m.
lt1=30 12= IS1n.r1=0.2251n
:
(a)
Q = '7xO.OOO1 x(30 - I$ ) = 0.02665 m'ls = 2.W.1 m'lda

In (200/0.225)
9.23
S .1nce R = CQ.
?
Q = "K(/1;-1~)
In (CQlr .)
CQ.
.Qi_= (50 - 47 ) x
Q1
In( CQ,)
0.15
In(-)
Q. I 5
= 0.01/0.03= 113
(501 -38.31)
Putting Q1 = 0.0 I n1J/sand Q1 = 0.03 m)/s.
x ln(0.2C) = 0.333
h1(0.0667C)
On solving In c = 8.6988 nnd C = 5995
97 x3
8S.3x 11.7
for n drawdown of 6.0 m at the well,
Q, (501 -441) ln(5995x0.0l/0.15)

Mi= (50' - 471) x-1n""(-59-9-5x-Q-,-,0-.-,
5..-)
IOOQo= (94x6)x
5.9906 = 11.611
97x3
In 3996.7Q1, In 3996.7Q,,
Solving by trial and error method. Q6 = 0.0252 m)/s = 1512 Lpm
9.24
Since R = CQ.
Q = nK(li~-h{)
ln(CQ,lr,)
0.025= xK(451-401) = xK(451-431)

In (Cx0.025/10) In (Cx0.025/30)
I
(451-401) n 1o.025C)
30
0025Cx
,
'=I
In( . - ) (45- -43)
10
(85x5)x lnC-7.09 _ 1
8Sx2 lnC-5.9915
On solving In C = 7 .8662 and C = 2608
(3)
(451 -h)
ln(2608x0.025/10)
1
(451 -431) x ln(260Sx0.025/0.225) =
(-4-5-'
--~I!~)
x 1.8749 = I
45' -43' 5.6691
Solving: h11 = 27.20 and drnwdown !11 the pumping well = 45.0-27.20 = 17.80 m.
O.OZ5 =
(b)
,7K(45' -40')
In (2608 x0.025110)
K = 3.5106 x 10-5 nu's= 3.033 m/day
T =KB= 3.033 x 45 = 136.5 m1/day
Q = 2000 Lpm = 0.033 m'ls
(c)
0.033 = ,7x3.5106 xio- x(45' -11;)

In (2608 x0.033/0.225)
It.,= )5.67 and drawdownat the pumping well
R=2608Q
(d)
when Q1 = 1500 Jpm = 0.025 1u'ts.

When Qi= 2000 lpm
9.25
= 0.033 m'ls,
45.0- 15.67 = 29.33 m.
R 1 = 65.2 111
R1 = 86.1 m
A= ft x(4.S)' = 15.904m1
4
K,=30.012.0= 15m'ls
(i)
(ii)
K~ = 15,0 =0.943h'I
A
15.904
4xs.o ' =19.63 m,'
Di =5.0 m
Q= [ ~
1\1= ft
Hi=2.5nt
xA,]xH,
Q = 0.943 x 19.43 x 2.5 = ~.3 m'fh

9.26
Ko =~In
A
H1=
r,
Hi
H:
117.0- 115.70 = 1.30 rn

114.60=2.401n
H1= 117.0-
A1=are.1ofv.cll=:
x3.0l =7.0686 m2
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240 030661 1
I I n-:,
I
2.0 1.30
K= 0.3066 x 7.068 = 2.167 m1/h
K,
-=1\
9.27
A=
.O.x(4.0)' = 12.566 m'

4
Ko=_!_ In
f/1
A
Tr Hi
He.f't'T,.:80min= l.333h.
Ku
A
= -1-111
1.333
25
0.70
J./1=2.51n
andHz=2.5-
l.S=0.70m
= 0.9547 b.1
K = 0.462 x 0.9547 = 12.0 m'lh

Q = K~H= 12.0 x 3.0 = 36.0 m'n1
9.28
The drawdown is plcued against time on a semi-fog paper. Fig. P-9.28

Frorn Ibis Figure: \\'hens= 0.
1=10=
3.0 ruin = I SO s.
~ron1 ,,i;q. 9 .58 (.1.ext ) : ~1. = 2.2SxTt,

~
r:
From Bq, 9.57 (Text): (6.9 - 2.4) = O.OJ ln(IO)
41(/.
T= 1.22 x 10" m~/s
s = 2.25x
= 105 1111/day
1.22 x ~o' x ISO = 1_976 x 10 ...

(50)'
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Drawdown Time Plol
Fig. P 9.28
Time inc:ie SM11t(mln)
.O
0.0
o.
.O
10.0
'
'
100.0
'
'
r.s
' I
'
2.0
...... 2.!I
!.
'I
3.0
3.5
'
I
I
~ 4,0
4.5
0
I '
I I
' ' '

' ' I
' ' '
'' 'I ''
' ' ;
5.0
s.s
e.o
6.5
7.0
''
<,
I
"-
I I
<,
I ' '
.....
' I I :
'
'
'
'
......
'I ''
' '
' I I '
Hg. J'-9.28 Drawdcwn - Time plot - problem 9.29
9.29
r=
IOOm, 11=4 h=~I x3600= 144,000s..
.f1=
I.Sin
11= 16 h = 57600!. si= 2.0m .. fo=O m
s1-s1=4
I,
If
t1
.,.In(...:..)
and S:-st> =
4,.rln(:l.)
10
s, -s, 0.50 ln(l614)
--=--=
S: -$11
2.00
ln(~)=5.545
'
T=
ln(l6/r11)
l6/1=2.56and1p=0.0625h=22Ss
Sr' = (0.0003)x(IOO)' =5.925xl0''

2.2St0
2.2Sx225
.
Q
16
s; -.f1 =-0.5= -In(-)
4~T 4
Q = 4 x0.5 = 4.532
ln4
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Q = 4.532 x 5.925 x 10' = 0.0268 m3/s = 26.8 lps = 16JJ lpm
9.30
Q = 2000 lpm = 0.0333 m'is
s = 0.005
r = 480 m2/d:ty = 0.005555 111'/s
r=3.0m
(i)
t1=1h=3600s
..
,, s -- (3.0)' x 0.005 -- 5 625

,-- 4'ft,
4x0.005555x3600
ll'(u1) = 0.5772 - ln(S.625 XlO,)
.JL = 0.03333 = 0.4774
4/f/. 4 x /{ )( 0.05555
10
= 6.9059
Drawdown s1 =
"'("1) = 0.4774 x 6.9059 = 3.2969 m

4~1
=say 3.3 m
r=3.0m
(ii)
t1=8h=2S800s
_ ,'S _-
(3.0)' x0.005
_7
,.J
01,... )X 10.,
4Tt, 4x0.005555x28800
\V(u1) = 0.5772 - h1(7.03125 xlO") = 8.98536
.JL =
0.03333
= 0.4774
4n- T 4 x.n- x 0.005555
ll1-
Drawdcwn ss= _Q_\\'(11:) = 0.4774 x S.93536 = 4.2896

4;rT
: say 4,3 Ill

9.31
Q = 60 m3/11=0.01667 m'is
S = 0.0004
T = 15 m2/li = 0.0041667 m2/s
r= IOOm
,'s
"=
1
4Tt1
\V(u1) =
t1=Sh=28800s
(IOO)'x0.0004
=S.333xlO''
4x0.004)67 x28800
.JL=
0.5772 - ln(S.333 JO')= 4.2103

0.016667
=0.3184
4,f" T
4 x ,f" x 0.0041667
Drawdown = s = _Q_\\1(u~) = 0.31 $4 x 4.2103 = 1.234 rn

4;fT
9.32
Q =100 m'ih = 0.02778 m'is
Solution
s, = 0.65
Hydrology,
1, = 1.0 h = 3600s
1,=2.0h=7200s
m,
st = O.SO rn,
s = _g_\\1(11~)
4;ff
S1l:i1
-0.S772-ln11
= \V(1t1)/\\1(111) =----~
-0.5772-lnu:
-0.5772-lnu1
S1 Is~ =
-0.5772-ln(11!/2)
Since 11=211
-0.5772-lnu1
= --~~~---'---0.5772+0.69315-Jnu1
( 0.65J0.80) = 0.8125
-0.5712-ln111
-0.11595-1011.
On solving
In u1 = 3.58085 and 111 = 0.02764

\V(u1)= 0.5712 - In 111 = 0.5772 + 3.58085=3.0113
T = __Q_"'(u1)
4;r s,
Slnces, = Q IV(u1).
4RT
=
T
,.?s
111
0.02764
x3.0113=
4 x R" x 0.65
'
0.01024 m/s
= 36.87 1n'n1
= 0.2764 = --
4T 11
S = 0.02764 x4x0.~102x3600=4_06x10_,
(100)
9.33
Herc since 11=300111in,
= 11 + r= 300 + 1
The Lime ratio 1/1' is calculated (as shewn in the table below) and tt semi-log plot of
s' vs 1/1' is plotted, (Fig. p-9.33}.
t'
t
111
I
301 303
301 101
1.35 I.IS
5
305
61.0
I.II
10
20
40
310 320 340
31.0 16.0 8.5
1.05 0.98 0.88
90
390
4.33
0.80
150
450
3.00
0.70
200
500
2.50
0.68
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Solution
0.132 Ln(Vf) 0.1881

A1 0.9928
e o.a
-:
c 0.7
0
-e 0.6
0.5
;; 0.4
-:
,Y
/
/
:!! 0.3
~
a: 0.2
0.1
0
10
100
1000
Time ratio (tit')
Fig. P-9.33 Plot c,r residual drawdown against ume rali) (t/t 1)
A best li11ing straight line 1hroug,h the ploued points is given by the equation
s'=0.1132 ln(tit')+O.ISSI
By Eq.(9.60)
slope of the bes! fit line= 0.1132 =
,JL_
4;rT
40x24
i
!
T=
=674.9 m idoy = 28.1 m /h
O.l 132x4..-
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Solution
CHAPTER
10
10. I
Q = 0.00323
. :II = 0 .041 7 Mrn '
1,;m .,)'Car
(1500)'
= 4.17 ha-in/JOO sq.knvyear
'
Joglekar's formula : Q = 0.005&7
= O.J032fl.11n ' :tk1t1/year
(1500) 0,'
= 10.32 hom/100 sq.km/year
10.2
In I 1113ofscdimcnt:
volume of $0lid$ = (I -1>) m; where t' = pcroslty.
volume of water = p rn;
weight of solids= 850 =(I p) x2.65 xlOOO
Hence p = 0.679
\\'eight of I m3 of sediment de-posit= (I - 0.679) x 2.65x1000 + 0.679 x 1000
= $50 + 679 = 1529 kg.
10.3
The unit weight (dry) of reservoir sediment deposit is given by Eq. 10.11
Kbosla's formula:
lo\',= P,.. (IV +B log'T )+ p~ (\V, +8. logT )+

J
100
I 00
as
114
I 00 (IV.I + 8l 1001)
e,
Herc Ps- = 25. J>i = 35 and J><t = 40

Referring to Table 10.7. values of coefficients 81.Bi and BJ and \1'1 \1'1 and
found and introduced in to Eq. 10.11 to obtain
"'J are
20
(1490 )+ 35 (1265+161ogT)+ 40 (961+96.llogT)

100
100
100
II', = 1199.65 + 44.04 logT
IV,=
when T = 1 year, l\'11=I199.65kgln1J

when T = 25 years, \Vns = 1261.2 kg/nfs
10.4
By use of Eq. 10.11andTable10.7

. IV, = ~(1490 ) + 2!_(1185+43.31ogl0)+1:_(737
JOO
100
= 1539 kgtm'
Accuracy of prediction =
10.5
ByEq.10.12
JOO
1650-1539
1650
= 0.0694.Say 7%
+ 171.4log10)
under prediction
IV.,:IV1+0.434xB ... [{~!ln35}-1]
1100 = IV,+ K x 2.66

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Solution
1200 = IV1 + K x 2.9919

On Solving K = 60.26 and IV1 = Average unit weight at the end of first year=
Similarly
939.7 s:iy 940 kglm'

Al the end of 100 years, lV100= 940+ 60.26 x [{1:1n100}-1]=
10.6
1160 kg/11f'
Averageunit weight is given by Eq. 10.12 as
w., +0.434e.[{<r~
r}-1)
1)1n
FotT: IO years. \V10: IV11+ 0.4343x(I0/9)[ [ln 10) IJ B.
= IV11 + 0.6286 8,.
FotT=20)eats, \l'ZtJ= = V.171+0.91248 ...
IV,.-lV,o=0.28388 .. =600-500=
100
B.. = 100/0.2838 = 352.36
\Vso = "'1'1 + I.2905 8,..
11'.w w,,, = ( 1.2905 -0.9214) B.. = 0.3691 B.
IV.w= 600 + (0.3691 x 352.36) = 730 kglm'
IV.,,=
l0.7
Annual sediment inflow = O. J5 rvtnl'l

Initial capacity = 50 f\!1111 and final capacity = 0.7 x 50 = 35 t\.1m1
Calculations arc shown in Table P. 10.7. Three steps of 6C .. s.o r.tm3 are
In 1ablc P. 10.7:
TllbleP
107.
2
s
Average
Capacity
!in Mm3)
50
45
40
35
chosen.
~c
5.0
5.0
5.0
Trap
Efficiency
Cll
0.714
0.643
0.571
0.500
1 oo.oo
98.80
98.09
97.68
Trap
Efficiency
99.4
98.4
97.7
6
Volumeol
Sediment
Depos~ed
cer vear
0.1~91
0.1477
0.1465
Total
7
Time to
fill
!in Years)
sc
33.53
33.86
34.12
101.52
Col.4 is the I-rap efficiency corresponding 10 (11 value of Col. 3 calculated by using
Eq. (10.10). Note that forC/I >0.7. the trap efficiency= 1.0.
Col. 5 is the a.,er:1ge trap efficiency in a step
Col. 6 is the volume of sediment deposited in the- reservoir per year during the
event represented by the step. CoL6= 0.15 x(Col. 51100)
Col. 7 is the time in years required to fill the capacity represented by the- Step.
Col.7 = Col. 2/Col.5.

Hydl'OIO'l!Y. Thild EdifiOl'l w1lt1en by Or. K. Subramanya & published by MCGr'3.w-Hlll ECvc-.a1t0n
Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by
Dr. K. Subramanya
'lbc sum of the tune periods represented by Col. 7 is che rime required 10 fill the
capacity by 15 r-.11113 Thus the toUtl rime required to reduce the reservoir capacity
by 35SfJ is r"s = I 01.52 years = s;1y I 02 years,
10.8
50~;, reduction in volume = 90000/2 = 45000 ha-111 .
.e.c 4500015 9000 ham
Volume of
Sedlmeru
Capacity
fin ham)
Trap
Efficiency
6C
lhaml
90000
81000
72000
63000
54000
45000
Cll
0.225
0.203
0.180
0.158
0.135
0.113
9000
9000
9000
9000
9000
..
A11era9e
Deposlled
Time to
Trap
Efficiency
P"
Iii 6C
year(ha
(in
"''
Ytars)
92.435
91.796
91.081
90.272
89.337
88.231
n,
92.115
91.439
90.677
89.804
88.78'1
552.7
548.6
544.1
538.8
532.7
Say
16.3
16.4
16.S
16.7
16.9
82.8
83
yers
Col.4 is the trap efficiency corresponding to C/I value of Col. 3 calculated by using
~,=6.064 Lol(Cll) + 101.48

Col. 5 is the average trap efficiency ill a step
Col. 6 is the volume or sediment deposited in the reservoir per year during the
event represenied by the step. Col.6 = 600 x(Col. 5/100)
Cot 7 is the time in years required to fill the capacity represented by lhe step.
Col.7 =Col. 2/Col.5.
The sum of the time periods represented by Col. 7 is 1he umc required to fill the
capacity by 45000 ha-m. Thus the total time required to reduce the reservoir
capacity by 50% is T = 82.8 years= say 83 years.
'
10.9
water Yield =2660 x 0.40 = 1064 Mm)/year

Total sediment inflow per year= 360 x 2660 = 0.9576 r>.1T/year
Assurning n dry unit weight of I.I '1'/m3,
volume of scdimem inflow per ye:lr = 0.870~11i11J/year.
'faking tmp efficiency as 1.0,
Trial I:
Approximate time for 40'% loss of capacity=
0.40x360
= 16_:i years.
0.870
lilly 170 years.
Trial 2: Using Table p-10.9.

Initial unit weight ~v,
= (1490 x 0.20) + ( 1185 x 0.35) +{ 737 x 0.45) = 951

= 1.0444 Tonnc:-.s/m3
kg/rn3
II,.= (p _ B, + P. B, + p.,,B,) = 10 + (0.35 x 43.3) + (0.45x171.4)1 = 91.285

Hydl'OIO'l!Y. Thild EcMiOl'l w1lt1en by Or. K. Subramanya & published by MCGr'3_w-Hlll ECvc-.a1t0n
Solution
Hydrology,
II'~= 1044.4+ 0.4343 x(92.285) [{:~~In
170}-1] = 1211.3 kglm'
= 1.211
Tonncsl~'tm.\
The calcutauon for esumaring me tirne to fill (0.4 x360 = 144 tvtm"J of capacity by
sediment is performed in tabular forrn (Table P. I0.9(a}&(b)).
Problem 10.9
Table p. 10.9 (a\
Average
Trap
Tai>
EHiciency Elfictency
Capacity
(in t.1m3)
360
320
290
265
240
216
l1C
40
30
25
25
24
C/I
0.338
0.301
0.273
0.2.t9
0.226
0.203
94.9t
94.19
93.60
93.05
92.45
91.81
vcwme ol
Time to
Sectemen1
Deposi1ect
per veer
94.55
93.90
93.32
92.75
92.1$
0.747
0.742
0.738
0.733
0.728
Tot1I
liU
ec
(In
Years)
53.51
40.42
33.89
34.10
32.95
194.86
Col.4 is the trap efficiency corresponding to Cfl value of Col. 3 calculated by using:
Eq. ( 10.10). Thus Ct)I. 4 = 6.064xln (Col.3) +JO 1.48
C-01. S is the average trap efficiency in a step
Col. 6 is the volume of sediment deposited in the reservoir per year during the
event represented by the step. Col.6 = 0.9576 x(Col. 5/100)11.211
C-01. 7 is the time in years required to fill the capacity represented by 1he step.
Col.7 = COi. 2/Col.5.
The surn of the time periods represented by Col. 7 is the tin>e required to fill the
capacity by 144 ~hn}. Thus the tout time required to reduce the reservoir capacity
by40% is T40= l94.9 years e say 195 years.
Since the value ofT.w differs from the assumed value of 175 years further trials to
refine the value of \V,,., are necessary.
tu Triill: Take T-'0 = 195 years
II'~=1044.4+ 0.4343 x(92.285) [ {::;In
195}-1]
= 1216.5 kJlim'
= 1.2165 ronnes/ri.im3
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Table P 10.9 lbl
Pl'Ot>lem 1 0.9 F.nal lrial

Averaoe
Ttap
T<\l~
Etteiency Efficiency
Cll
94.91
0.338
0.301
94.19
94.55
Cap3city
(in J.1m3)
bC
360
320
290
265
240
216
40
30
25
25
24
Volume 01
Sediment
Time to
Deposiled
cer veer
(in
Yearsl
'
'
0.273
93.60
93.90
0.739
0.249
93.05
92..45
91.81
93.32
92.75
92.13
0.735
0.730
0.226
0.203
fm AC
0.744
53.74
"10.59
34.03
34.24
33.09
0.725
0.000
195.70
This indicates T"l'J = 196 years and which 1s practically same as assumed value of
195 years. No further trials are required and T.w = 196 yc-J1rs can be taken :t$ the
desired l't'SUIL
10.10 The Flow duration curve is shown plcued on a semi-log paper in
~i
Fig.P 10.10-(a)
""
c
0
0
~
;;
Q
...
"!--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~__,
to
&ti
to
100
Exco!Mlanco Probabilily (,.)
Fig. 1'-10.10
(a)
Flow Duration Curve
'lhe sediment r:tling curve is plotted on log-log paper as sbown in Fig. P.10. 10-b
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{India) Pv1.L1d. This resource material Is lo' lns1ruc1o(s use onty:
Solution
Hydrology,
1.ooe.o1
,..,..,,.
1i!0 -,.,
..J
1.00E..o5
a:-e ~c ,..,i;.o.
c c
$
;r I-0
$
~-
1.00E..-03
en
1.00E..-02
1.ooE.01
10
100
1000
1000l
Water Discharge (m3fs)
Fig. P~lO. IO(b) Suspended sediment Rating curve

Considering 13 secuous of the 00\V duration curve, by suitable lnterpolatten of Pigs. P~
10.10 (o) and p- 10.10 (b), tbe following Table p-10.10 ls prepared.
Thi
a c ... 1010
.
1
Exceedence
Frequency
ranae !%)
0.51.S
1.55.0
5.010.0
10.015.0
1520
20-30
3040
40-50
50-65
6580
8090
9095
9599.9
Interval
f%l
>.1idpoitu
f%l
1
3.5
5
5
5
10
10
10
15
15
10
5
4
1
3.25
7.5
12.5
17.5
25
35
45
57.5
72.5
es
92.5
97.45
>.iean
Dally
Sediment
Discharge Discharge
(Cumec}
(Tonnes/davl
2550
1275
945
700
600
450
325
200
137.5
77.5
40
27.8
20
350000
14$673
105744
54439
39996
22497.5
15934
8323
4$41
I $70.$
241
72
2
6
Ex.pee1ed
-SeC11mel'll
Load per
fTonnes)
Volume of
Wa1erflow
(cumec.dau\
"''X"''llOO
f41Xf21fl00
day
3500.0
5133.6
5287.2
2722.0
1999.8
2249.8
1593.4
832.3
696.2
235.6
24.1
3.6
1.0
25.5
44.6
47.3
35.0
30.0
45.0
32.5
20.0
20.6
11.6
4.0
1.4
0.8
Hydl'OIO'l!Y. Thild EdifiOl'I w1lt1en by Or. K. Subtamanya & published by MCGr'3.w-Hlll ECvc-.a1t0n
{India) Pv1.L1d. This resource material Is lor lns1ruc1o(s use onty:
Solution
Hydrology,
Total
24278
Adel 1 0-o/o tor beO load

Total Sediment Load
318.32
2426
26708
lnTable. P-10.10:
The h)tal expected mean daily suspended sediment load is 24278Tl)nnes. obtained as the
sum or C-01.6 values.
Over one year. suspended sediment load yield is = 365 x 24278 = 886J470Tonnes= say
8.86 rvtilliou Tonnes
Thus suspended sediment Load yield= 8.86~1illion Tonne-sfyear.
Bed load (at 10% of suspended load yield)= 0.10 x 8.86 = 0.886 Million Tonnes
Total sediment yield = 9.75 C\fillion Tonnes/year
(ii) \\tater Vie.Id: Mean daily yield= 318.32 cumec.day
Annual yield= 365 x 318.32 = 116186.8 cumec.days
= 116186.8 x (60 x60x24)/IO= 1003.9 Million on'.
Considering annual values
;\ verage concentrationof Suspended Load

886x:IO<>
=
10"= 874.9
(1003.9xl0')+(8.86xl0')
pp
= say 875 parts per million (ppm) by weight.
10.11
reservoir capacity = 180 t\.im3

Final reservoir capacity = 0.65 x ISO= 117 ~tm"
An1Q11n1 of sediment deposit = 63 l\ l'ronnes
Initial
Fir.\11rit1loj'tAvertige unit u eigJ11:

1
Assume n unit weight of 1.0 Tim".

votume of total sediment deposit = 63 t\1m3
Assuming a Cll ratio > 0.70 throughout. trap efficiency '11 = 100%
Approximate ti rue. required to fill 35% or initial capacity= 63/3.0 = 21 years.
= 21 years to calculate \V#

Second Trial: Using Table J0.3(TexL).
Initial unit weight 1\'1 = (1490 x 0.20) + (1040 x 0.30) +{ 480 x 0.50)
Assume T
= 0.850 To1lneslnr'
8,,= (P,.. B, + 11, 8, .. P.-.81) = 10 + (0.3 x 91.3 I)+
= 850 kg/111)
(0.5 x 256.3)1 = 155.54 kglm'
By Eq. 10.12
IV..,= 850+ 0.4343 x( 155.54) [{~~In 21 }- I]= 995 kglm' = 0.995 Tonnes/Mm'
The calculation for estimating the time to fill I 17 ~lm3 of capacity by sediment is
performed in tabular form (Table P 10.11 ).
ftcopytlgh1ed Ma1et1a1'" 'ACd~iona1 resource mate1ial s1.1pplied with the boOk El'lgineemo
Hydl'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EcMiOl'l w1lt1en by Or. K. $1.1bramanya & p1.1blished by MCGr'3.w-Hlll EOvc-.a11on
0
Solution
Table P-10 . II
Average
of
Time
IO fill
volume
Capacity
Trap
Trap
Sedemem
t.C
(in
Efficiency
Efficiency
I\,
Deposited
oer vcar
Years)
96.28
95.52
94.77
94.23
2.902937
2.879962
2.857395
2.840988
C\lm3)
ISO
C/I
6C
160
140
125
20
20
117
IS
0.45
0.40
0.35
0.31
0.29
I\,
96.6
95.9
95.1
94.4
94.0
(in
6.9
6.9
S.2
2.8
21.9
22
Sav
rears
In Table P 10.11:
Col. I gives lhe capacily of lhe reservoir. The decrease in the capacily due to
sedimentation is considered in 5 sleps.(Steps need not be equal)
Col. 2 is me decrease in capacity between two successive steps.
Col.3 is chc Capacity - Inflow ratio m tbe beginning of lhe step. Col.3 =Col. I 1400
Col.4 is the trap efficiency corresponding to C/I value of Col. 3 calculated by using
Eq. (I 0.10). Thus Col. 4 = 6.064xlo(Col.3) + 101.48
Col. 5 is me average trap efficiency in a step
Col. 6 is the volume of sediment deposited in the reservoir per yc~1r during lhe
event represented by the step. Col.6 = 3.00 x(Col. 51100)!0.995
Col. 7 is the lime in )'enrs required IQ fill the capacity represented by the step.
Col.7 =Col. 2/Col.5.
The sum of the rime periods represented by Col. 7 is the time required to fill the
capacity by 63 f\11113. Thus the toU1I time required to reduce the reservoir capacity
by 35% is T }S = '21. 9 years = Sil)' 22 years.

Since the value of T3s differs frorn the assumed value of 21 years by a very small
value TJs = 22 years can be adopted.
ftcopytlghted Maletial'" "ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied with lhe boOk El'lgineemo
Hydl'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EdifiOl'l w1lt1en by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGr'3_w-Hlll Edvc-.a11on
Solution
10.12 From the given elevation daia calculate the correspcndlng height above the bed
level of 560.52 mas shown Table P 10.12.

Table P-10.12
Elov:ition
Area thal
0
19.42
56225
563.27
47.75
563.88
62.32
79.72
56'1.18
564.49
96.72
565.10
137,59
555.55
191.41
366.64
566.93
568.45
513.95
569.97
679.06
<ml
560.52
Height
Capacity in 1bovo bed
tha.ml
lml
0
0.00
11.8
1.83
41.8
2.75
75.3
3.36
96.5
3.66
123.8
3.97
194.6
4.56
268.7
5.03
647.2
6:41
1313.3
7.93
2217.1
9.45
Plot in 3 log - log paper the height above bed as ordinate and the capacity as
abscissa. fig.P-10.12. Draw :1 best fining. straigfu through the ploued points and
measure the slope of ihe line using linear scale. 111e slope is the value of 111 and is
found to be 3.2.
Solution
Hydrology,
100
-.,
E
.,>
..,
.<>
..0
.<>
.c
a;
"'
J:
10
.I I
"11
~ --
1.11
I ..
..
.
.
.
........
- ~
. ..
I_
..
'
I I
"
10
100
1000
10000
Capacity (ha-m]
Fig. P-10.12 Determination of factor sr
10.13 Table P-10.13 shows the ccmputaticns.

H = 512.06 - 35(}.52 = 161.54 m
In Tobk p-10.13,
Col.2 = Elevation in meters
Col.3 e Originnl water surface area a1 given elevation in ha
Col.4 e Original reservoir capachy in ha-m.
Col.5 = Incremental height (m)

Col.6 = Height above original bed elevation (rn):: Cumulative values of Col.5 =Ji
Col.7 e Relative depth p = 11111 = Col.6 /161.54
Col.S e FunctionA,.. calculated by Eq.10.13 as A,. = 2.4&7,,0~1(1 - )"'.
A trial and error Procedure is adopted. The level up 10 which the reservoir is fully
covered by sediment at the end of 25 years is taken as 365.76 01. as per the hint
given. This would be the new datum for the bed of the reservoir at the e1KI of 25
years. 1-\t this level:
,\,..= 0.6217. Original reservoir are.a= 1\,,:: 364.0 ha.
Coefficient K (for the first trial)= K1 = 364/0.6217 = 585.4
Col.9 = Represents K Ar = 585.4x Col.7 for all elevations higher than 539.40 m.
This
column represents the area covered by sedimeutaucn at a particular level
and hence called Sediment area.
Hydl'OIO'l)y, Thin:I EdifiOl'l w1lt1en by Or. K. Subramanya & published by MCGr'3_w-Hlll ECvc-.a1t0n
Col.I 0= Incremental sediment volume between two successive elevations

calculated as (average area x incremental depth).
Col. I I= Accumulated sediment volume starting from 2460 ha-m al E-1.365.76 m.
end of 25 years.
'Ille last value in Col. 10 is obtained as 92041.2 ha-rn whereas the given
sediment data indicates a deposition of 9'2250 ha-rn in 25 years. This
indicates the calculations are very near the togical final values and since
the difference is very slig.ht it requires only minor correction. This is done
by tweaking the coefficient K. Thus for second trial Ki=
Ka x92250 = 586.4. Values of this second trial (with K,=.5$6.8) are
92()41
shown in Cols. 11. 12 and 13.
Second Trial:
Col.12 = Revised sediment area with K1=5S6.S
Col.13:. Revised incremental sediment volume with K1=5S6.S
Col.14 = Revised accumulated sediment volume with K1=586.8.
Note that this trial improves the result considerably and the accumulated
sediment volume at El. 365.76 111 is 92234 ha-m. The difference between
this and the given value of 92250 ha-m is less than 0.1% and thus this
distribution could be taken as final values.
C.ol.15 = Final Reservoir area distribution at the end of25 years
Col.16 = Final Reservoir volume distribution at the end of25 years.
Col. 17 =Avan able reservoir elevations after 25 years
Note that the new bed level of the reservoir nt the cod of 25 years is
365.76 m.
Hydl'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EdifiOl'l w1lt1en by Or. K. $1.1bramanya & p1.1blished by MCGr'3_w-Hlll ECvc-.a1t0n
SOiution Manuat to Eno1neer1ng Kydrology, Third EchUon .,Y Dr. K. S11~am,nya
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2
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~ U>
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...,'
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=
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.- . -. 1!
r j~
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e e if! .. "
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.-- -- ... . . - ~ ~
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-- ~...~. -~ -~ ~ - - ~ - -
- ~-- .. _, - ~ .... ~ -. ..
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s
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..,..., "':'It ~,,.,

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sos..a
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'1!~
I(," 511tt.w
"'Copyriglltod M~erlar "Ad:tlbn11ltet.0uree ma!et.t.11 s~)ell wtll ee bo:ii. 19n<!etroq M,Volcqy. Tllhll Edi!lonw!lnen by
& pll?ll!iflod flyMcGfilw.H!I Ed~~n(ltt:lll) P1>1. lid. llllli re~
ll'llllOflllllli lo1 hlli!NCl11f5 use cnly."
Or. IC. S11br11m:i!!p
Solution
10.14 Original capechy at El. 124.97 m = 42710 ba-rn.

Sediment accumulation in 10 years= 10 000 ha-rn.
H = 124.97 - 97.53 = 27.44 m
1:1r.t1trial: Assume sedimentation up to cl. 105. 76 rn. this gives
lr.=(105.7697.53)=8.21 m
A..=41 l.16ha. Vo= 1171
Vs=A,(fl-/i.,)+
Vo=411.16x(27.44-8.21)+
1171 =9077.I ha-rn
Given sediment volume = 10.000 ha-m. Hence assumption is short by
1(10.000-9077)/10.000J x 100 = 9.2%. Hence a new trial is needed.
Second trial: .Assume sedirrentaticn up to ~I. 106.68 m. this gives
" = ( 106.68 -97.53) = 9.15 rn
By linear interpolation A .. = 464.2 ha. V,. = 1509
v.. = 1\,.(lf -11,,) + l'o = 464.2 x(2?.44 - 9.15) + 1509 = 9999 ha-in
This value is practically same as the given sediment volume = 10.000 ha-m and
hence 1)0 further trial is needed,
The distributioo of 1J1e sediment over the depth of lhe reservoir is shown in Table
p. 10.14.
Table 1>10.14 Distribution or Sedhuent by Area Increment Method

Now
Bod Elevation:
2
106 68
Of'igi.nal
Elevation 01191na1 eapaclly
(ml
"roa (ha) (ham)
7.51
100.58
105.76
106.68
109.73
112.77
43.7
168 4
411.2
464.2
720.7
1659
0
98
411
1177
1509
3'.\21
72.58
118.88
121.92
124.97
3083
4346
6206
uiJ,63
'"
.,
,,.,
abovonow
bed a1 El.
106.68.
SlldimGnt atoa aftllt'
Sedlme-nt volume
;11100! (h;a) (ham)
3.0.
6.0
464.2
464.2
464.2
1"-1'
n '
'''-'
21300
32550
42710
12.
464.2
464.2
464.2
1-,
).
I 8.2
9
4 I
117
150
292.
433
"7:l
717
858.
99"
10 ye&1s
th)
0
256.S
1194.8
1'77' 1)
2618.8
3881.8
5741.8
Volumo aftot
10)'Hr'S
(ha.m)
39
292
7""'
1412
2396
3271
Hydl'Oll:>l!Y. Thin:I EcMiOl'l w1lt1en by Or. K. Subramanya & published by MCGr'3.w-Hlll ECvc-.a1t0n

Engineering Hydrology Solution Manual 3rd Edition K Subramanya

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Solution

Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya

Period= ll.t = I year

= 39 x (365112) x 24 x 60 x 60 = 102.492 Mm'

(i) Runoff coefficient = 102.492/168.0 = 0.61

Period= 6l = I month = 30 days

Ccnstnnt rate cf withdrawal = Q

1!;1 = 14.2 x 3 x 60 x 60 = 153,360 rn'

Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya

P = l:A;P, I Lt,= annual average precipitation

(10.7 x 1030) + (3.0x 830) + (8.2 <900) + (17.0 x 1300)

= 12,900 /(458,000 + 119,000) = 0.022 years

Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya

For thegiven data

'1.,., = 22.545. 'P = 130.43

From Eq, (2,3)

and C., = 17.286

Minimum number of additional stations= 12 - 7 = 5

From Eq, (2.SJ

10.2] : 12 ,86 C111

Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya

Cot.e (for values before 1955) =(Values of Col. 4) x 0.805

Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya

Period= ll.t = I year

= 39 x (365112) x 24 x 60 x 60 = 102.492 Mm'

(i) Runoff coefficient = 102.492/168.0 = 0.61

Period= 6l = I month = 30 days

Ccnstnnt rate cf withdrawal = Q

1!;1 = 14.2 x 3 x 60 x 60 = 153,360 rn'

Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya

P = l:A;P, I Lt,= annual average precipitation

(10.7 x 1030) + (3.0x 830) + (8.2 <900) + (17.0 x 1300)

= 12,900 /(458,000 + 119,000) = 0.022 years

Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya

For thegiven data

'1.,., = 22.545. 'P = 130.43

From Eq, (2,3)

and C., = 17.286

Minimum number of additional stations= 12 - 7 = 5

From Eq, (2.SJ

10.2] : 12 ,86 C111

Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya

Cot.e (for values before 1955) =(Values of Col. 4) x 0.805

Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya

Fig. p2.4(b) Mass curve of rainfall

'l"olal depth of rainfall = 19.25 cm

Average intensity = 19.25 x 60/210 = 5.5 cm/h

Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya

Average rainfall= 546.7 rnm

= 15% of Normal rainfall = 0.15 x 546.7

Annual Ralnlall at Stauon A

~> '\II ~ ~o ~... ~ ~ --;. --4- ~~ ?

Rainrau at Station /.\

x (12+ 15)) + (128x (12 +9)) +(120x (9 + 6))

= (l/600)11242 + 1344 + 900 + 787.S + 1701

Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya

of value 130, 110. 90 and 70cm11redn1wn and inter-isohyetal area determined.

Fig. r 2.8 Catchment wlth lsohyetals

Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya

fig. I' - 2.9(a) Thiessen Polygons

Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya

Fig. P 2.9(b) Isehyetats

P",= 101761942 = 10.8-0 cm