Detection based on light

What is a Photoelectric Sensor?

Outline
A photoelectric sensor emits a light beam (visible or infrared) from its light-emitting element.A
reflective-type photoelectric sensor is used to detect the light beam reflected from the target.A
thrubeam type sensor is used to measure the change in light quantity caused by the target
crossing the optical axis.

Principle and major types

A beam of light is emitted from the light emitting element and is received by the light receiving
element.

Reflective model

Both the light emitting and light receiving elements are contained in a single housing. The sensor
receives the light reflected from the target.

Thrubeam model

The transmitter and receiver are separated. When the target is between the transmitter and
receiver, the light is interrupted.

Retroreflective model

Both the light emitting and light receiving elements are contained in same housing. The light
from the emitting element hits the reflector and returns to the light receiving element. When a
target is present, the light is interrupted.

Features and advantages of Photoelectric Sensor

Features
Non-contact detection

Since detection is possible without contact, there will be no damage to targets. The sensor itself
will not be damaged either, ensuring long service life and maintenance-free operation.
Almost all materials detectable

Since the sensor either detects targets based on the reflectivity or the quantity of interrupted light,
almost all kinds of materials are detectable. This includes glass, metal, plastic, wood, and liquid.
Long detecting distance

Photoelectric Sensors are generally high power and allow long-range detection.
Tip

KEYENCEs PZ-G Series has built-in Alignment indicators that are obvious, even from long
distances. When the optical axes are aligned, the Alignment indicator illuminates on the receiver.
The light can be seen clearly even from a long distance so a single operator can align the sensors
easily and quickly.

Detection method and feature of

Photoelectric Sensors
Classification
Thrubeam

Detection occurs when the target crosses the optical axis between transmitter and receiver.

Long-detecting distance

Stable detecting position

Opaque objects detectable regardless of shape, color or material

Powerful beam

Retroreflective

Detection occurs when the target crosses the optical axis between sensor head and reflector.

Reflector allows installation in a limited space

Simple wiring

Longer detecting distance than the diffuse-reflective sensor type

Easily-adjustable optical axis

Opaque objects detectable regardless of shape, color, or material

Diffusereflective

Detection occurs when the light beam, emitted to the target, is reflected by the target and
received.

Space-saving (requires installation of sensor unit only)

Adjustment of optical axis not required

Reflective transparent objects detectable

Color differentiation possible

Focusedbeam reflective

Detection occurs when the beam spot, emitted to the target, is reflected by the target and
received.

Minute objects detectable

Target markings detectable

Detection possible through narrow openings between machines

Visible beam spot

Small-spot definite reflective

The transmitting and receiving portions are constructed at an angle, allowing detection within the
limited area where the optical axes intersect.

Effect of target background is minimal

Low hysteresis

Slight height differences are detectable

Visible beam spot

Fixeddistance

Detects the target at a specific distance according to the angle of the reflected light beam.

Unaffected by highly reflective targets or backgrounds

Stable detection of materials with varying reflectance and color

Highly accurate detection of minute objects

Visible beam spot

Luster recognition

When the light beam hits a target, the beam reflects differently according to the luster of the
target. The sensor detects the difference in luster based on how the beam reflects (specular or
diffusive).

On-line detection is possible.

Detection is not affected by target color.

Transparent targets can be detected.

Method to choose Photoelectric Sensors as to environment

Other variations

There are various types of photoelectric sensors depending on environment or installation

location. The following are typical classifications which allow you to select photoelectric sensors
more suitable for your environment.
Classification based on whether the amplifier is separated or not
Self-contained type

Setup and feedback is found on the sensor unit itself. These units are typically a little larger.

Separate-amplifier type

An amplifier is separate from the sensor head to allow for remote setting and feedback. This
allows the sensor head to be smaller and more flexible to mount.
Classification based on housing material
Plastic housing type

The housing is made of plastic.

Most models are relatively lightweight; however, their frame strength is inferior to that of the
metal housing type.
Metal housing type

The housing is made of metal such as stainless steel. This type is robust and has long service life
compared to the plastic housing type.

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