Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
November 2009
22 FORESTS FOR THE PEOPLE
ISBN: 0-9540768-8-5
24 RECOMMENDATIONS
25 REFERENCES
TERMINOLOGY
In this report the term Papua applies to the Indonesian
part of the island of New Guinea. Papua Province and
West Papua Province refer to the two provinces which
ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTIGATION AGENCY (EIA) make up Papua. The term district refers to local regencies
62/63 Upper Street, London N1 0NY, UK or kabupatens, the local administrative units which make
Tel: +44 (0) 20 7354 7960 up a province.
Fax: +44 (0) 20 7354 7961
For Land Areas:
email: ukinfo@eia-international.org 1 hectare (ha) = 2.47 Acres / 10,000 M2 / 0.01KM2 /
www.eia-international.org 0.0038 Square Miles. For an idea of what this means,
30,000 hectares is equivalent to the size of Malta,
300,000 hectares is roughly three times the size of Hong
Kong, and 1 million hectares is roughly the size of Cyprus.
Jayapura
Manokwari
BRUNEI Sorong
TELAPAK Mimika
M A L A Y S I A
Jalan Pajajaran No. 54, Bogor, Indonesia Merauke
KALIMANTAN
Tel: +62 251 393 245 /715 9909
I N D O N E S I A
Fax: +62 251 393 246 SUMATRA
email: telapak@telapak.org
Jakarta
www.telapak.org JAVA
FRONT COVER:
Oil palm replacing forest in Modan, Sorong,
West Papua, April 2009. The plantation has
not received relevant permits.
© EIA/Telapak
© EIA/Telapak, April 2009
INTRODUCTION
The unique forests of Papua are under Evidence shows that negotiations between ABOVE:
siege from the rampant spread of plantations. indigenous land owners and plantation Oil palm seedling nurseries,
Up to five million hectares of land have companies are unequal and exploitative. like Medco Group’s in
been targeted for conversion to grow Promised benefits, such as schooling, Manokwari, above, are
crops like oil palm, with the projected electricity and houses are seldom delivered. springing up across Papua
global demand for biofuels driving much Compensation payments for land and
as plantations spread.
of this conversion. timber are meagre. Children as young as
four are required to sign contracts so that
At stake is a major part of the last tropical the firm can ensure it ties the land up for
forest wilderness in the entire Asia-Pacific decades. It is the well-connected
region. Papua’s forests host an amazing conglomerates and overseas investors who
array of biodiversity, provide livelihoods stand to capture the financial benefits of
for indigenous communities and are a vital the massive plantation expansion, and not
carbon store. the Papuans.
The plantations boom in Papua is being The notion that the planned increase in
promoted by the Indonesian government palm oil production for biofuels will
as a means of bringing development to somehow assist efforts to tackle climate
Papua, and as a means of helping to curb change is illusory. Felling Papua’s
climate change through increased use of forests on the planned scale will cause
biofuels. Neither of these claims stand up far greater greenhouse gas emissions than
to close scrutiny. any potential biofuel benefits. Given that
a fifth of greenhouse gas emissions are
Field investigations by the Environmental caused by deforestation, the fate of
Investigation Agency (EIA) and Telapak Papua’s forests is of global concern.
reveal that in fact ill-prepared indigenous
Papuan communities are being enticed, The government of Indonesia deserves
tricked and sometimes coerced into credit for taking decisive action to tackle
releasing large swathes of forested land illegal logging over the last few years.
to powerful conglomerates, backed by The tide was turned by an unprecedented
overseas investors and facilitated by the enforcement operation in Papua in 2005.
central and provincial governments. Yet its policy on plantations now poses a
greater threat to Papua’s forests than
Management of the plantations sector in illegal logging.
Papua is chaotic. Unclear institutional
arrangements between different levels and An urgent review of the plantations sector
agencies of government, coupled with a in Papua is needed, and policies put in
chronic lack of transparency, create grey place to safeguard the needs of local
areas which the plantation companies are communities and to protect the remaining
able to exploit. It is virtually impossible to forests, rather than the current destructive
get reliable figures from the government land grab.
as to which plantation licences have been
granted to which companies. In some
areas firms have begun operations before EIA/Telapak
receiving the necessary permits. November 2009
1
PAPUA - THE LAST FONTIER
© EIA/Telapak
ABOVE: Papua’s unique forests form part of precisely because their daily livelihoods
Forest slated for conversion to oil the last substantial tracts of intact are inextricably linked to the forest
palm for PT. Matoa Rimba Lestari’s tropical forest in the whole of the Asia- resources. Papua’s forests also contain
plantation in Urunum Guay District, Pacific region, and the third largest literally hundreds of millions of tons
Papua Province, September 2009.
remaining tropical forest wilderness in of carbon.
the world, after the Amazon and Congo
Basin. As such Papua’s forests are of Yet the unique forests of Papua are
global significance. increasingly imperilled by Indonesian
government policies aiming to convert
Indonesia’s forests once stretched from millions of hectares into monoculture
Sumatra in the west to Papua in the plantations, prompting a huge land grab
east. Yet rampant deforestation over the by notorious conglomerates backed up
last two decades has decimated these by shadowy overseas investors.
forests, with massive illegal logging,
unsustainable legal logging and the
rapid expansion of oil palm and FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE
industrial timber plantations taking
place. The fate of Indonesia’s forests As global attention increasingly focuses
has been dubbed an environmental crime on the threat of climate change, the
on an epic scale. EIA/Telapak have importance of preserving forests has
documented how the once vast forests become more urgent. Forests sequester
of Sumatra and Kalimantan have been huge volumes of carbon from the
pillaged by rapacious logging and atmosphere, while carbon emissions
plantation barons facilitated by corrupt from deforestation and land use change
police, military and government officials, currently produce up to 20 per cent of
with exploitation increasingly shifting to global carbon emissions. In 2000
Papua and West Papua provinces. deforestation worldwide generated eight
billion tons of carbon dioxide (CO2)
Papua’s forests harbour an incredible emissions.2 It is now recognised that any
array of unique biodiversity, approximately efforts to limit dangerous temperature
60 per cent of that found anywhere in increases are bound to fail if deforestation
Indonesia.1 In recent years these forests continues at the current rate.
have been described as a “garden of
Eden” after international teams of Indonesia is a prime example of this
explorers discovered a host of species dynamic. With one of the world’s worst
new to science and the world. deforestation rates, averaging at around
two million hectares a year in the first
These forests are also home to over 250 half of the decade, the country has the
distinct tribal groups, some of the most third largest CO2 emissions in the world
culturally and linguistically diverse after China and the U.S. Up to 75 per
peoples in the world. These communities cent of these emissions stem from
have managed the forests for generations, deforestation. In 2007, forest loss and
2
© EIA/Telapak
ABOVE AND LEFT:
Burning forests for oil palm
plantations, as in Samarinda,
East Kalimantan (pictured), has
resulted in Indonesia becoming
the third largest source of
carbon emissions, with 75%
stemming from deforestation.
Demand for biofuels is
hastening such deforestation
in Papua.
© EIA/Telapak
3
CLIMATE IMPACTS OF PALM OIL
Recent research shows how converting forests into oil palm plantations for
biofuel actually worsens climate change. A pilot study in Sumatra and Kalimantan
looked at the emissions from land clearing and oil palm cultivation and processing,
compared with potential climate benefits of the biofuel produced. Oil palm was
found to store less than 40 tonnes biomass on average over a 25 year lifespan.
Logged-over forest stored 70-200 tonnes carbon per hectare. Untouched forests
contain even more, sometimes in excess of 400 tonnes per hectare.
The report showed that clearing even logged-over forest for oil palm results in a
clear carbon debt – more greenhouse gas emissions are produced than avoided.
It recommends limiting conversion for oil palm to land with less than 40 tonnes
of carbon stock per hectare; meaning shrubland or grasslands.9
4
The lack of clear regulations on land use that illegal log shipments left the
and forestry has produced a legal black country unhindered.12
hole which is being exploited by investors
and those with political interests in To its credit the Indonesian government
Papua. Responding to this, in June 2008 of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
Papua’s main NGO coalition, Foker LSM led an effective crackdown on illegal
Papua, and EIA/Telapak called for a halt logging in 2005, but none of the big
to new forestry and plantations deals players have been successfully
until Perdasi and Perdasus on forestry, prosecuted. Instead of taking on the
land rights and natural resources were criminals, the government revoked
implemented in ways which protected most community forestry permits.
the rights and interests of indigenous A study into corruption in Papua’s
Papuans.10 Yet the deals and land grabs forestry sector found that local Papuans
have continued. receive less than five per cent of the
US$ 400 million overall value of the
logging industry.13
ILLEGAL LOGGING IN PAPUA
Since 2005 Papua’s provincial
Indonesia’s poor track record of forest government has tried to introduce a
governance and rampant illegal logging raft of measures designed to channel
is well documented11 As the forests of the value of Papua’s forests to Papuans,
Sumatra and Kalimantan have been including a prohibition on shipments of
decimated by years of over production, logs out of Papua to encourage local
illegal logging and corruption, the timber processing industries. The
country’s untouchable timber bosses governor of Papua Province has pledged
have increasingly turned their attention to “return the forest to the people”
to Papua. under special autonomy laws on forestry
and land rights.
Between 2000 and 2005 massive illegal
logging and timber smuggling activities Yet central government policies still
focusing on merbau timber in Papua led promote heavy logging of merbau with
to 300,000 cubic metres of logs flowing few benefits for local Papuans. In 2008,
unimpeded to China every month for the following EIA/Telapak reports of
flooring sector. This was a billion dollar continued smuggling by merbau traders,
a year racket coordinated by international the Ministry of Trade gave those same
criminal syndicates facilitated by smugglers special dispensations to
corrupt officials and security apparatus circumvent export rules for merbau,
at the highest levels. In Indonesia and subsequently weakened the law on
commercial stocks of merbau are only exports of merbau, but no other BELOW:
found in Papua. Papuans were being species.14 In 2008, merbau made up
Illegal merbau logs seized in 2005
robbed, typically receiving just US$ 10 about 15 per cent of Indonesia’s entire
for timber fetching over US$ 250 in registered timber harvest volume. Over are guarded by Kostrad Special
China and sold as flooring for US$ 2, 288 2007 and 2008, merbau made up an Forces border troops prior to
in the EU. Corrupt military officials were average 31.4 per cent of Indonesia’s shipment from Haltekamp, Jayapura,
taking US$ 50 per cubic metre to ensure total woodworking exports.15 Papua Province, in June 2007.
© EIA/Telapak
5
LEFT:
Untouchable timber criminals like Abdul Rasyid,
left, are supported by the highest echelons of
Indonesia’s government when reinventing
themselves as legitimate plantations operators.
6
NATURAL RESOURCES AND UNDP also estimated that the region
had only one doctor for every 2,000 –
DEVELOPMENT IN PAPUA 23,000 people, depending on location.23
Given Papua’s disproportionate
– WHO BENEFITS? susceptibility to HIV/AIDS this is a
particularly serious problem. Papua has
As well as holding the Asia Pacific the second highest HIV/AIDS infection
region’s largest forests, Papua is rate in the country after the capital
blessed with an abundant wealth of Jakarta. Without intensive intervention,
natural resources, including huge volumes HIV/AIDS infection is estimated to grow
of precious timber, gold, copper, nickel, to 7 per cent of the population by 2025,
coal, gas and other resources. The a rate widely considered to be epidemic
world’s biggest copper and gold mine, and unsustainable by experts.24
PT Freeport McMoRan, is located in
central Papua and is Indonesia’s biggest These human development indices
taxpayer, contributing US$1.7 billion to illustrate that despite decades of
the state in 2007. natural resource exploitation in Papua
few of the benefits have trickled down
Yet despite being rich in resources the to the local communities. Given the past
population of Papua lags far behind the track record, the chances of Papuans
rest of Indonesia in terms of human benefiting from the plantations boom
development. Papua and West Papua seem remote.
provinces suffer some of the lowest
Human Development Index (HDI) scores While oil palm plantations do indeed
in the country, with a 2005 score of 62.1 create jobs, the scale of the planned
against a national average of 69.6.22 expansion will create a need for far
more workers than the current
According to the government of Papua population of Papua can provide. Indeed,
Province, in 2007 some 486,857 in July 2007, the Minister for National
households representing 80 per cent of Planning, Paskah Suzetta, said that the
Papuans still live in poverty. A 2005 plantations investment and development
United Nations Development Programme plan for Papua would mean “there will BELOW:
(UNDP) report found that “Papua has be many more people coming into Despite the huge wealth
the lowest level of adult literacy in the Papua, not just from other provinces,
nation, standing at 74.4 per cent.” The generated from Papua’s natural
but also from other countries. So the
report added that only 47 per cent of people of Papua must be prepared.” 25 resources, only 47% of children
children in Papua attend junior secondary attend junior secondary school,
school, and only 19 per cent attend EIA/Telapak analysis shows that the and merely 19% attend senior
senior secondary school. volume of jobs created by the massive secondary school.
© EIA/Telapak
7
plantations expansion in Papua could “Up to the present, national economic
result in Papuans being marginalised by development in Papua has concentrated
millions of new migrants. One million on the exploitation of its natural
hectares of oil palm requires 333,000 resources. This is regarded as having
workers - more than double the 135,000 ignored the wishes and the rights of
unemployed in Papua. With the the indigenous population to their
government planning at least five million traditional land. Taking people’s land
hectares of plantations, a huge influx of for economic programmes has led to
migrant workers could take place, with conflicts between the owners of the
the potential to greatly reduce the ethnic land and the companies as well as the
Papuan proportion of the population. government. When these conflicts
Such a change will undoubtedly result occur, the security forces always
in marginalisation and alienation of defend the interests of the companies
indigenous Papuans in their own land, or the government.” 27
likely leading to conflict.
Overall government funds are also
With a history of systemic corruption, certain to rise from tax and other
Indonesia’s natural resources sector plantation company revenues. While this
has traditionally seen the country’s will in turn bring potential benefits to
massive riches largely captured by Papuans, there are serious concerns
BELOW: political, commercial and military elites. that provincial and district governments
Marind Tribe members in Bade, Despite strong actions by the Anti- in Papua are using special autonomy
Boven Digul. Most rural Corruption Commission (Komisi funds unwisely, or corruptly, and have
Papuans still rely on forest Pembarantasan Korupsi) since 2005, so far failed to provide real benefits for
resources for their livelihoods.
a recent Transparency International Papuans. Although increased provincial
study into corruption in the logging budgets for Papua and West Papua
industry indicated that 60 per cent of have been made available by Jakarta,
business people still admit to paying there is growing evidence that
OPPOSITE PAGE bribes to Indonesian officials in order to substantial amounts have been
TOP: acquire licences.26 squandered. One senior West Papua
Province official recently claimed that
Illegal logging in Wasur
This revenue capture is particularly Rp 30 trillion (US$ 3 billion) had been
National Park, Merauke, pronounced in Papua. A 2008 report squandered on government offices and
January 2006. summarising the complex political, officials through “incompetence”, and
social, security and environmental expressed regret that the anti corruption
BOTTOM: issues in Papua highlighted the negative agency (KPK) had not fully investigated
Forest Cover in Papua in 2006. impacts of natural resource exploitation: the provinces.28
© SPK KAM, November 2007
8
At the local level government officials
are being targeted by powerful
companies which preach the economic
benefits of oil palm plantations in terms
of local government revenue and
development. Often it is an unequal
negotiation. Even more unequal is the
lobbying done by companies to persuade
local communities to sign away their
land for promised revenue and a host of
benefits. Field investigations by
EIA/Telapak reveal a catalogue of
broken promises and pitiful payments
for land rights
© EIA/Telapak
now becoming reality.
Scrub Land
Secondary Dry Land Forest
Secondary Mangrove Forest Papua Province
Secondary Swamp Forest
Snow
Swamp
Swamp Scrubland
Transmigration
Ocean
9
© EIA/Telapak
10
the past two yeas, but with economic EIA/TELAPAK FIELD
growth picking up in Asia this could
prove to be a temporary respite. INVESTIGATIONS
Since early 2007 various government In a bid to document the impacts of the
planning and investment maps have initial phase of expanding plantations
outlined up to 2.8 million hectares of in Papua, in 2009 EIA/Telapak
plantations in Papua Province alone. investigators undertook a series of field
Data from the Papua Province visits to six remote regions in Papua
Plantation Office in 2008 indicated and West Papua provinces where
specific applications by named investors plantations are being planned or are
targeting at least 2.4 million hectares. already under development.
Yet, largely additional to this, at least
five companies have targeted much EIA/Telapak gathered testimony from
larger areas of between one million local communities revealing that real
hectares (Sinar Mas, Genting Group, concrete long term benefits for Papuans
Medco Group & the obscure Api Metra are uncertain and rarely contractual.
Palma). Such deals have been pursued Shockingly low compensation for land,
largely behind the scenes. mostly informally paid, is a common trend,
as are low to non-existent revenues from
Major areas being targeted for timber clearance. In most areas visited
plantations in Papua Province include local communities had not discussed the
Merauke, Boven Digul & Mappi, areas actual detail of concrete compensation
around Jayapura (Arso, Lereh, Keerom, and benefit sharing. Such first hand
Sarmi, etc), Nabire, Mamberamo, accounts paint a stark picture of
Waropen, and Mimika. In West Papua exploitation, coercion and broken promises.
Province, plantation hotspots include,
Sorong, South Sorong, Manokwari,
Kaimana, and Bintuni. WEST PAPUA PROVINCE
Previous programs to introduce oil palm KAYU LAPIS INDONESIA GROUP
plantations in Papua have not been
successful, or provided credible Kayu Lapis Indonesia Group (KLI) was
development benefits to local Papuans. founded by Gunawan Sutanto but is now
In Prafi district, Manokwari, in West run by Agus Sutanto. KLI is the biggest
Papua Province, state run company PT forestry and plantations operator in the
Perkebunan Nusantara II (PTPN II), has Sorong region of the Birds Head, West
been operating since the early 1980s Papua Province. KLI holds a 333,000 ha
and has 10,500 ha of planted oil palm. logging concession (PT Intimpura Timber
By 2007 local communities had only Co.), a plywood factory, (PT Henrison
just begun receiving payments of Iriana), and now four oil palm plantation
Rp. 1,000 per kilogramme for oil palm companies, namely: PT Henrison Inti
fruits, well below the promised price Persada (HIP), PT Inti Kebun Sejahtera
and landowners admitted regretting (IKS), PT Inti Kebun Sawit, and PT Inti
signing up to the scheme. In 1996 Kebun Lestari. In total the four oil palm BELOW LEFT:
PTPN II opened another oil palm subsidiaries have already secured or are Forest clearance by PT HIP in 2003,
plantation in Keerom district, Papua seeking a land area of 142,000 ha for
two years before the company
Province. By 2008 local landowners plantations. All of the KLI group’s
were receiving just Rp. 300,000 ($30) operations in the area are on the land of received a permit
per month due to difficulties in the Malamooi (or Mooi) tribe, who have
transporting the oil palm fruits to the been in conflict with the company since it BELOW RIGHT:
processing factory. came to Sorong. Forest Clearance by PT HIP by 2009.
© Landsat 7 ETM+ images
© Landsat 7 ETM+ images
11
During conversations with local villagers
EIA/Telapak heard how KLI employed a
range of underhand techniques to ensure
that the Mooi people release their
resources and land.
12
Before travelling to the Mooi lands Despite such evidence, in December
EIA/Telapak had heard some of the 2007 the KLI Group was granted more
history of the tribes’ bad experiences Ministry of Forestry permits to harvest
with the KLI. In September 2006, a over 100,000 cubic metres of timber on
former Secretary General of the Ministry over 6,000 ha of the Mooi tribe’s land,
of Forestry revealed how officers from within the HIP conversion area.39
the Sorong military command had
intimidated Mooi land owners into selling
their timber at drastically reduced prices PT Inti Kebun Sejahtera
to PT Intimpura.35 In April EIA/Telapak met the Masinau
and Matowol clans in Ninjimor village,
HIP received a permit from the Minister Modan, who said they had released
of Forestry for a 32,546 ha oil palm 1,340 ha to PT Inti Kebun Sejahtera BELOW:
plantation in Klamono district in 2006.36 (IKS), one of KLI’s three new plantation Lois Masinau, received merely
In November of the same year a Ministry ventures lying to the south of the PT US$ 1,000 for renting 441 ha of
of Forestry audit found that Intimpura HIP concession. forest land in Modan to PT IKS,
had illegally utilized timber cleared from
for an unknown period of time.
600 ha of land while only having a During discussions EIA/Telapak heard
permit covering 200 ha. The Ministry that in 2003 IKS and the local government
tracked the ensuing illegal timber to PT had told the villagers that releasing land BOTTOM:
Henrison Iriana, KLI’s plywood mill in for plantations would improve their Oil palm seedlings ready to
Sorong. KLI’s plywood supplies the lives. The community did not consent be planted out for PT IKS’
Japanese, European and American markets. and no deals were done. Incessant plantation on newly deforested
The Forestry Minister, M S Kaban, pressure from local government officials land, Modan, Sorong, April 2009.
recommended that PT Intimpura should continued. In November 2007, the village
answer questions concerning utilization head and land owner Lois Masinau went
of illegal timber from 400 ha of land, to a meeting at the Bupati’s office and
and instructed the head of the West was told to accept the deal from IKS as
Papua Forestry and Agriculture Office the Bupati only gives permits to good
to evaluate and revoke KLI’s relevant companies. The previous November the
wood utilization permits.37 Bupati of Sorong, John P. Wanane had
issued a principle permit for three new
In a documentary film released in KLI Group plantations totalling 110,000
November 2007 by the Sorong-based ha40 and a year later the company
NGO Triton, oil palms in PT HIP’s applied to the provincial forestry office
© EIA/Telapak
13
© EIA/Telapak
ABOVE: promises of new housing, roads, vehicles, only Rp. 50 million between them
An excavator tears down forest and long term education for local children, (US$ 5,000) for the timber. At the
in Modan, Sorong, in April 2009. as well as revenues from timber harvesting. price offered by IKS this represents
The company does not have a Yet the community signed no legal merely 2,000 cubic metres of timber,
permit to operate.
contract with IKS, KLI, or the government, equivalent to only 6.6 cubic metres per
so none of these incentives are legally hectare. Yet KLI’s permit to clear
guaranteed. For the 1,340 ha of forest, forests in the HIP concession, a similar
the two clans told EIA/Telapak they forest area, stipulated a timber density
had received merely Rp. 20 million of 16.5 cubic metres per hectare,
(US$ 2,000) between them, equivalent to indicating communities in Modan have
under one and a half dollars per hectare. been deceived.
They were unaware of the lease length.
EIA/Telapak investigations suggest
On agreeing to release the land, locals that IKS has also carried out illegal
also asked that timber from the clearance land clearing activity similar to that
be collected at log ponds, where it could committed by HIP. Meetings with local
be sorted, scaled, graded and auctioned landowners affected by IKS’ operations
at market price to get the best return. In also highlight a pattern of exploitation
response IKS told land owners that only of the Moi communities, with woefully
valuable timber, such as merbau, was of low compensation.
interest, for which the company would
pay an average of Rp. 25,000 (US$25) In August 2009 government data on oil
per cubic metre, regardless of species. palm plans for the Sorong area listed
This is around a tenth of the market IKS as “being in the process of licence
price for merbau within Papua. The acquisition” for 38,300 ha.41 When
company then proceeded to sell the EIA/Telapak visited the Modan area in
timber off immediately upon forest April 2009 PT IKS was still actively
clearance, without revealing the volume clearing the forest, having far exceeded
of valuable timber felled. the 300 ha cleared by September 2008.
From the 300 ha of formerly dense forest The community in Ninjimor informed
already cleared when the forestry office EIA/Telapak that the company actually
finally surveyed the area in September started forest clearance operations in
2008, local land owners had received Modan in January 2008, just two months
14
after initially requesting a permit for landowners as little as US$ 45 per
plantation operations. In terms of the hectare for a 35 year lease of the land.
legal requirement to conduct an In April 2009, EIA/Telapak travelled to
environmental impact assessment Sidey and Masni districts in Manokwari
(AMDAL), all the community was to find out more details of the negotiations
aware of was a visit by forestry office between villagers and Medco.
consultants to survey the land in
September 2008 – after at least 300 ha In Waramuy village in Sidey, EIA/Telapak
had already been cleared. Requirements met landowner Frans Aska who
under the AMDAL process to carry out explained that Medco first approached
consultations with affected communities the community in 2007. At this time not
had not been carried out. all of the clans approached agreed with
the plan. According to Aska, Medco BELOW:
The illegality of IKS’ land clearance returned repeatedly, and subsequently Franz Aska’s thumb print on
was raised during a September 2008 flew him and nine other clan leaders to his contract with Medco Group.
disagreement between the company and meet the company in Jakarta. Eventually, The company pays landowners
an oil firm operating in the area. During after having been promised education for
discussions between the two parties it merely US$ 45 per hectare.
their children, houses, bikes and other
emerged that IKS did not have the goods and services, they signed formal
necessary permits from the local contracts in Manokwari in December BOTTOM:
forestry office, with the oil firm claiming 2008 – the only contracts seen by Part of 7 ha of Franz Aska’s land
that the land was legally designated to EIA/Telapak at all six plantations areas in Sidey, Manokwari, cleared
it by the Indonesian Ministry of Energy visited in 2009. Aska admitted he could for Medco Group’s oil palm
and Natural Resources. not read well and had signed the plantation nursery. April 2009.
contract with his thumbprint.
In response, rather than seeking to
prosecute the company the local Scrutiny of Aska’s land rental and usage
government set about legalising IKS’ contract with MPHS reveals that Medco
plantation operations. A local parliament has bought the rights to utilise 36 ha of
member said in the media: “OK, they are Aska’s land, covering “anything existing
operating, but the company must as above and/or below the land”, including
soon as possible arrange all the conditions timber, for a period of 35 years. These
related to official permission so they are rights presumably extend to any minerals,
not illegal but legal.” 42 or gas and oil or potential carbon rights.
In return Aska received a total Rp. 16
Given the track record of illegal practices million (US$ 1,640). This is equivalent
and exploitation by KLI, a full official to just over one dollar per hectare per
investigation into the firm’s activities is year. When EIA/Telapak visited the area
© Telapak/EIA
long overdue. Medco had already cleared seven
hectares of Aska’s land for an oil palm
seedling area. Aska and his family were
THE MEDCO GROUP
Medco Group is a huge Indonesian
corporation with interests in oil, gas,
property and more recently oil palm
and industrial forestry, notably in
Papua. The group is controlled by Arifin
Panigoro, an influential businessman
and political player in Indonesia. Medco
has been one of the most successful
companies to date in Papua’s plantations
boom, having already secured an 18,000
ha oil palm plantation in Manokwari,
West Papua province, and a 259,000 ha
timber plantation in Merauke, Papua
province. Medco is reportedly seeking
one million hectares for various pulp
and paper and oil palm and biofuels
investments in Papua.43
15
PAPUA PROVINCE
SINAR MAS GROUP
The Sinar Mas Group, a subsidiary of
the Widjaja family-owned Singapore listed
Golden Agri Resources (GAR), is one
of Indonesia’s biggest plantations
companies, and has been responsible for
huge deforestation across Indonesia. In
March 2009 GAR claimed to cultivate
396,000 ha of oil palm plantations in
Indonesia, making it “one of the largest
listed vertically integrated oil palm
plantations and producers of crude and
refined palm products in the world.” 47
16
Internal planning documents from 2007, to materialize. The community
seen by EIA/Telapak, cite that to evade complained that they have never
restrictions on one company controlling received the trucks from Sinar Mas, and
more than 200,000 ha of oil palm in once payments for CPO sales began in
Papua, Sinar Mas had established a host around 2001 they were paltry – up to
of front companies to apply for plantations, Rp. 500,000 (US$ 50) per clan every
including six companies seeking three months. Although payments had
637,725 ha in Mappi and six companies risen to one million rupiah (US$ 100) in
seeking 914,117 ha in Boven Digul.53 August 2009 there was no guarantee
this increase was permanent.
Sinar Mas is seeking to fund part of its
huge expansion plans through a share One community member, Simon Yamle,
issue in Golden Agri Resources (GAR). said: “We thought this money did not
At least US$ 4 million of the capital suffice for all of the member residents of
raised will “support the company's each clan. Because the amount of money
organic growth by funding the was very minimal, very small.” Another
acquisition of land, the planting of local man, Octavianus Bitaba said: “Until
palm trees, and the building of new now we have already been waiting more
mills and refineries.” 54 than ten years. This company Sinar Mas
only lives and works on the basis of
In September 2009, EIA/Telapak promises.” Thirteen years after agreeing
travelled to Lereh in Kaureh district, to give up their land the local community
Jayapura, to meet members of the has yet to see the promised development
Kaureh-Yapsi tribe and learn about the and income.
impact of Sinar Mas’ activities. Again
the story was one of frustration and anger Due to growing dissatisfaction landowners
at the limited benefits the community are now demanding substantial
had derived from the plantation, despite compensation from Sinar Mas for the
promises of development. exploitation of their land and resources.
EIA/Telapak was given copies of letters
In Sisik, near Lereh, landowners and written to Sinar Mas in September 2008
community members explained how and August 2009 and copied to a host of
their parents had released land to Sinar local and national government officials.
Mas in 1991. Locals stated that at the The documents cite failure by the
time they had had requested a truck for company to pay for timber felled on clan
each clan in exchange for the land, and lands, in contravention of a decree by
had been promised compensation equal the provincial governor, and contravention
to 0.5 per cent of the value of palm oil of a Ministry of Agriculture regulation BELOW:
from the plantation once it began setting aside twenty per cent of Sagu forest replaced with Sinar
producing. The landowners also received plantation areas for local communities. Mas oil palms in Mambruk,
Rp. 11 million (US$ 1,100) per clan in In total the landowners are seeking Jayapura, 2008. Sagu is the
land release payments. Yet again such around Rp. 235 billion ($24 million)
staple food for rural Papuans.
assurances were verbal with no binding in compensation.
contract with the company. The Yapse Kaureh tribe
EIA/Telapak learned that the community landowners have claimed
Over the ensuing years, the promised had received no help from the government US$ 24 million compensation
benefits of Sinar Mas’ plantation failed in negotiating a better deal with Sinar from Sinar Mas.
17
Mas, and most locals assume the they have indigenous land and forest.
government and the company work If the traditional forest is finished then
together. Again, this is a common mankind and his life is finished”, adding
feeling amongst villagers in Papua’s that “it is necessary to restrict the oil
plantation areas. palm plantation that will transform the
forest to nothing.” 57
Sinar Mas is currently expanding the
Lereh concession into Mambuk, where Having granted the final permit to
thousands of hectares of dense forests Rajawali, Governor Suebu spoke at the
are being cleared. The potential for opening ceremony for the plantation in
conflict with disgruntled communities is January 2008, claiming it would usher in
high. In its share issue document GAR “a new day for a better future. A future
states: “The Group’s principal social that is more secure, peaceful, just and
concern relates to possible conflicts prosperous for us all.” Daryoto
with local communities around its Setiawan, who heads up Rajawali’s
plantations.” Yet the group also Keerom plantation, said: “In some years
reassures potential investors by stating: to come, Papua will stand out as one of
“Environmental regulations and social
practices in the countries in which the the biggest and the best palm oil
Group operates tend to be less stringent development centres in the world”.58
BELOW: than in developed countries.” 55
It seems that local communities are
Manen tribe leader, Augustine. deeply sceptical of the promised new
P. F. Kres: “It is necessary to future. After being persuaded to give up
RAJAWALI GROUP
restrict the oil palm plantation land during a Rajawali-organised trip to
that will transform the forest PT. Tandan Sawita Papua, a subsidiary tour a plantation in South Kalimantan,
to nothing.” of the Rajawali Group, has a permit to and inducement payments being given to
clear 26,000 ha of forest for oil palm in local leaders, the lack of compensation
BOTTOM: East Arso district, Keerom, adjacent to led community members to seize the
Rajawali Group’s Daryoto the border with Papua New Guinea. keys to bulldozers in a bid to halt
Setiawan – “In some years to This is despite local Manen tribe Rajawali’s land clearance.59
come, Papua will stand out as communities repeatedly refusing
one of the biggest and the best Rajawali’s advances. The Rajawali On visiting Yetti village in East Arso
palm oil development centres
Group is owned by influential tycoon in September 2009, EIA/Telapak
Peter Sondakh, reportedly Indonesia’s investigators learned that the community
in the world”.
fifth richest person. Its core activities had refused the plantation three times
are a rapidly expanding plantations because they did not want all of their
business, property and mining.56 land to be converted to oil palm.
EIA/Telapak heard from the tribal leader
Efforts by the community to promote
© Foker LSM Papua, January 2008
18
MERAUKE – POLITICAL land for the factory violated indigenous
customs on land rights.67
PLANTATIONS
Medco is also planning a large joint
Having been one of the earliest venture with Korean firm LG
transmigration sites in Papua during the International (part of the well-known
Suharto regime, the southern region of consumer electronics giant LG Group)
Papua Province, composed of the districts focusing on one million hectares of
Merauke, Boven Digul and Mappi, has timber plantations in Merauke.68
seen the biggest impacts of Papua’s According to management plans “The …
plantation boom. The region’s flat land will be divided into six regions in
terrain and its forest stock make the which all broad-leaved trees in one of
area attractive for logging, plantations, the six regions will be completely cut
and other agricultural activities, and it down”, to produce 1.4 million tons of
contains the largest areas of forest wood chip and 3.6 million tons of wood
marked for conversion in the province. pellet a year for energy production.69
The region contains a unique variety of One of the largest proposed plantation
ecosystems, including tropical lowland schemes in the region is the Merauke
forests, mangroves, eucalyptus forests, Integrated Food and Energy Estate
and savannas. It features part of the (MIFEE), part of a central government
world renowned Transfly eco-region plan to transform the area into a vast
covering more than ten million hectares agricultural zone. To fulfil this plan the
and spanning both Papua and Papua government has sought investment
New Guinea. Wasur National Park, from the Middle East, China and
which runs from near Merauke town up Korea, with the scheme set to cover
to the border with Papua New Guinea, 1.7 million hectares.70
is a globally significant protected
wetland site. The planned massive expansion of
plantations in Merauke is connected to
Between January and August 2007, efforts by the Merauke regency
local government officials granted government, led by the ambitious Bupati
principle permission for a range of large Johanes Gluba Gebze to create a new
plantations, including oil palm and province – South Papua Province – in
timber, covering at least 1.5 million the district. As Gebze is in his last term
hectares.62 In late 2007, the Bupati of as Bupati of Merauke becoming a governor BELOW:
Merauke announced that a further 4.5 of a new province offers a chance of Korindo Group’s palm oil mill
million hectares were available for retaining power. Influential individuals in Boven Digul. Locals say
plantations, effectively the entire district.63 based in Jakarta supporting Gebze’s new they have benefited little from
Data from the provincial forestry office province have been described as an the operations.
indicate that of 1.2 million hectares of
land being targeted for plantations in
Merauke, almost one million hectares
are classified as forested.64
In June 2008 another Medco Group Top 5 Conversion Forest Areas – Papua Province
subsidiary PT Medcopapua Industri
Lestari was granted a licence to operate
a new pulp mill on 2,800 ha in Buepe Kabupaten Total (ha) Conversion Forest (ha) % of total as HPK
village, Kaptel district, Merauke, capable Merauke 4,350,789 1,412,988 32.5%
of processing two million tons of pulp a Mappi 2,614,050 873,354 33.4%
year. Local media reported that Medco Boven Digul 2,726,932 809,909 29.7%
actually began breaking ground on the
factory land in February 2008, a year Mimika 2,131,049 507,327 23.8%
before timber harvesting permits had Sarmi 3,218,524 381,780 11.8%
been received.66 The arrival of the
company has created deep divisions Seksi Pemantauan dan Evaluasi Hutan Produksi, August 2009,
within the local Marind community, with www.bpphp17.web.id/database/data%200809/A2.htm
allegations that the acquisition of the
19
Indonesia’s new and generous foreign
investment law, investors from China,
Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, and the
Middle East are scrambling to carve out
a piece of the Papua plantations boom.
20
aims to improve the forest area by because demand for palm oil as an
replanting oil palm trees”. It is planning alternative source of energy to fossil
to cash in on expected demand for biofuel fuels has been increasing”.82
derived from oil palm “due to the
commitment of most industrialized In May 2008, as CCT was preparing its
countries to reduce green house gas acquisition of Merdeka Timber Group,
emissions.” In fact felling 200,000 ha of the Papua provincial government and
virtually untouched forest, part of which Mimika district government were signing
lies on peat, and replacing it with oil cooperation agreements with carbon
palm will increase greenhouse gas traders, exploring ways of preventing
emissions way beyond any potential deforestation through capitalising on the
climate benefits of the biofuel produced carbon stocks held in the forests.83
(see page 4).
One senior Mimika government official,
CCT reports and other financial data Marthin Giay, expressed support for the
indicate that Merdeka Timber Group is idea, saying: “The regional government
almost entirely controlled by one very much agrees with the campaign to
businessman, Lai Wing Hung. Lai is preserve forests in Papua, because
listed as a director of Merdeka Timber already much forest in Papua has
Group, and Merdeka Timber Trading, been plundered.”
which are based in Hong Kong.77 Lai
also has a controlling share of votes in Yet other officials were already working
CCT Resources Holdings. He is said to with the Merdeka Timber Group, soon to
have owned forests in Indonesia and be bought by CCT. The Head of New
Latin America and is politically Mimika District, James Noldy Sumigar
well-connected.78 was already working to facilitate PT
Merdeka Timber’s forest clearance
CCT appears to possess useful activities, so that oil palm could be
connections in mainland China. Its planted.84 Furthermore, EIA/Telapak
advisory committee includes a delegate have discovered that the previous regent
to the 16th National Congress of the of Mimika, Aloysius Rafra, is now a
Communist Party of the People's commissioner of PT Merdeka Plantation
Republic of China, and a former director Indonesia, the subsidiary charged with
of the energy office of the powerful State developing the plantation.85
Development and Reform Commission,
and its senior management includes a It appears that the potential profits from
former representative of the State the logging and oil palm business have
Forestry Administration.79 eclipsed efforts to protect the area’s
forests. For instance the East Block of
Other figures involved in the deal are CCTs new concession holds large
Sontang Alboin Manurung and Ray amounts of valuable merbau trees
Gutafson Manurung, from Sumatra, equivalent to 15 cubic metres per BELOW:
who own a share of PT Merdeka Tapare hectare. At current prices the merbau Millionaires flitting between
Timber a company majority-owned by from each hectare would fetch around the glittering financial centres
MTG that is set to get the licences for US$ 7,500, over twenty times the price of Hong Kong and Singapore,
establishing and operating mills paid per hectare by CCT. When other
and tax havens such as the
processing the timber coming out of the timber species are included, such as
matoa, mersawa and nyatoh, each hectare British Virgin Islands are
concession areas.80
holds an average 129 cubic metres of reaping the rewards of
In July 2009 the head of Mimika’s marketable timber. Big profits beckon Papua’s bio-fuel driven
forestry, plantations and horticulture for CCT from its planned forest destruction. deforestation surge.
office announced that PT Merdeka
Plantation Indonesia, another MTG
subsidiary was one of two companies to
develop oil palm plantations in Mimika.
He said the Papua Governor Suebu had
already granted a permit for its plantation,
and that despite not yet having received
a permit to utilise timber cut during
forest clearance, it had already opened
a seedling area, and would begin large
scale operations in the near future.81
21
© EIA/Telapak
22
© EIA/Telapak
© EIA/Telapak © EIA/Telapak
23
© EIA/Telapak, April 2009
RECOMMENDATIONS
ABOVE: Papua is experiencing a land grab of Empower the Anti-Corruption
Without remedial action, millions epic proportions. At least five million Commission to conduct investigations
of hectares of Papua’s frontier hectares of land, much of it forested, is into suspicious plantation licence
forests will be converted to being targeted by powerful conglomerates awards, especially in Merauke
plantations over the next
backed by shadowy overseas investors, and Sorong
often registered in secretive offshore tax
decade, as above in Sorong.
havens. The plantations boom is backed
by all levels of government in the name Investigate cases where plantation
of development for the people of Papua operations have commenced prior to
and tackling climate change through use necessary permits being obtained
of biofuels.
Promote the spread of community-
Investigations carried out by EIA/Telapak based forest management in Papua
reveal that the plantations are manifestly
failing to provide the promised benefits
for local communities. Instead the roll- Focus development programs on
out of plantations is creating a legacy of better educating, empowering and
conflicts, both within affected communities harnessing Papua’s human resources,
and with the plantation companies, before exploiting its natural resources
rampant exploitation and bitterness.
The true beneficiaries reside far from
Papua; in the glittering high rise tower THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY SHOULD:
blocks in Jakarta and the boardrooms of
Hong Kong and other financial centres. Ensure international treaties provide
no incentives to convert forests to
The planned destruction of millions of biofuels or other plantations, and that
hectares of Papua’s forests has dire
implications for efforts to tackle REDD schemes guarantee the rights
climate change. Any potential benefits of indigenous people
from increased cultivation of biofuel
feedstocks are dwarfed by the greenhouse Ensure Papua is prioritised in
gas emissions created from replacing development assistance to address
dense forest with monoculture crops poverty, secure sustainable rural
such as oil palm. livelihoods, and reduce carbon
emissions from deforestation
in Indonesia
THE GOVERNMENT OF INDONESIA SHOULD:
Halt the award of further plantation Assess the role played by global
licences in Papua until a transparent demand for agricultural commodities
and extensive multi-stakeholder and biofuels such as palm oil in
review of the sector’s impacts has driving deforestation and develop
taken place binding sustainability standards for
such commodities
Publish information on all plantation
licences issued in Papua
COMPANIES SHOULD:
Ensure full implementation of special
autonomy regulations that clarify and Avoid buying palm oil or other
formalise land and resource tenure agricultural commodities from
companies operating in Papua until a
Establish just and legally binding comprehensive transparent review of
codes of conduct and compensation for their social and environmental impacts
plantation companies negotiating land has been undertaken and mitigation
agreements with local communities measures implemented
24
REFERENCES
1. Papua Provincial Action Plan for REDD in Indonesia, 30. Declaration of the Governors of Aceh, Papua and 57. Laporan Dampak Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit di Distrik
Presented by Barnabus Suebu, Governor of Papua Papua Barat on Climate Change, Nusa Dua, Bali, Arso, Kabupaten Keerom, Perbatasan RI-PNG,
Province, at http://www.climatechange.ca.gov/ April 26, 2007. Propinsi Papua, by Augustine. P. F. Kres, .S.Si. –
forestry_task_force/documents/belem/Papua_ 31. From Forests for Death to Forest for Life: The New Kepala Suku Besar Distrik Arso Timur, Keerom (Head
Belem_Presentation.pdf Policy for Sustainable Forest Management in Papua, of the large tribe in Arso Timur District, Keerom), 18
2. The Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Barnabas Suebu, Governor of Papua Province, April 2009.)
Change, Annex 7.f, http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/ December 2007. 58. Foker LSM Papua Film: Jangi untuk Sejahtera
d/annex7f_land_use.pdf. 32. Papua to Assess Carbon Stocks, Jakarta Post, (A promise of Welfare), June 2008.)
3. Houghton 2003, cited in Baumert et al. 2005, cited 14 May 2008. 59. PT Rajawali Tidak Tepati Janji, Warga Yetti Palang
in Indonesia and Climate Change: Working Paper on 33. Hanya 10 Perkebunan Mampu Bertahan di Papua, Lahan Kelapa Sawit, KPKC JPIC.
Current Status & Policies, A Sari et al, World Bank, Papua Pos, 26th February 2009. 60. See 59
PEACE & DFID, March 2007. 34. Study Kelayakan Proyek Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit 61. http://www.unglobalcompact.org/data/ungc_cops_
4. The Economics of Climate Change in Southeast Asia, PT. Henrison Inti Persada, Papua. By I Wayan resources/A573C1DD-46E9-49D0-993D-69C22A4F
Asian Development Bank, April 2009. Budiasa, Jurusan Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian, 43FA/COP.pdf
5. Climate Change Vulnerability for SE Asia, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, 62. Merauke’s Agency of Investment Promotion,
Environment and Economy Programme for Southeast Bali, Indonesia. http://docs.google.com/gview? February 2008.
Asia, 2009. a=v&q=cache:q02Ehcs4NuAJ:ejournal.unud.ac.id/ 63. Medco Invests US$600 Million in Processed Timber
6. Indonesia and Climate Change: Working Paper on abstrak/(4)%2520soca-budiasa-kelayakan% Plant, Bisnis Indonesia, 27th November 2007.
Current Status & Policies, A Sari et al, World Bank, 2520kelapa%2520sawit(1).pdf+%22henrison+ 64. Figures from 20th March 2007 presentation by
PEACE & DFID, March 2007. inti+persada%22&hl=en) Marthen Kayoi, head of the Papua Province
7. Towards Sustainable Production and Use of 35. Trans-National Crime of Illegal Logging, Page 6, Forestry Department.
Resources: Assessing Biofuels: United Nations Suripto, Member of Commission I, Republic of 65. Permit 522.2/3574 Badan Promosi dan Investasi
Environment Program (UNEP), October 2009. Indonesia, presented at EIA/Telapak workshop Daerah - Pemerintah Kabupaten Merauke /
8. Government Calls for Help with Emission Cuts, “Violence in The Forest”, at Hotel Atlet Century Promotion and Investment Agency - district of
Jakarta Post, 27 August 2009. Jakarta, 18th & 19th September 2006. Merauke Government.
9. Dewi, S., Khasanah, N., Rahayu, S., Ekadinata A., and 36. Minister of Forestry decree No. 409/Menhut-II/2006. 66. Medco Papua Lestari Bebaskan Lahan 2.800 Ha
van Noordwijk, M. 2009. Carbon Footprint of 37. Letter No., S.681/MENHUT VI/2006, 1st November Secara Adat, 19 Februari 2008,
Indonesian Palm Oil Production: a Pilot Study. Bogor, 2006, from Minister of Forests, M S Kaban, to http://www.cenderawasihpos.com/detail.php?
Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Greenpeace SEAs forest campaigner. id=11674&ses=
Regional Office. 38. Tears of Mother Mooi, a film by PT Triton, released 67. The Release of Customary Land for Investor
10. Papuans Demand No New Forestry or Plantation November 2007, available at: http://www.eia- Violates Customary Procedures, Foker LSM Papua,
Deals until Special Autonomy Regulations Protect international.org/visual_media/footage/ 17th April 2008)
Indigenous Rights and Interests, EIA/Telapak/Foker 39. Keputusan Director General of the Forest Production 68. LG INTL SECURES FORESTATION LAND IN INDONESIA,
LSM Papua Press Release, Jakarta, 25th June 2008, Office of the Ministry of Forestry, SK. 292/VI- Seung-chul Park, 8th October 2009, http://research.
available at: http://www.eia-international.org/cgi/ BPHA/2007, 28 December 2007. scottrade.com/public/markets/news/news.asp?
news/news.cgi?t=template&a=462) 40. Map of Signed Maps on file with EIA. docKey=100-273c9955-1§ion=headlines
11. EIA/Telapak, The Thousand Headed Snake, 2007). 41. Photograph of Wall Mounted Information Table, at 69. LG International to Operate Afforestation Business in
12. The Last Frontier, Illegal Logging in Papua and Pameran Pembangunan Kabupaten Sorong at AIMAS, Indonesia, Maeil Business Newspaper & mk.co.kr,
China’s Massive Timber Theft, EIA/Telapak, 2005.) Pt. Triton, received September 2009. Seung-chul Park, 29th September, 2009.
13. Corruption and forest revenues in Papua, Anti- 42. PetroChina Ingatkan Pt Inti Kebun Sejahtera, Fajar 70. Binladin Freezes Plans to Invest in Local Rice, Mita
Corruption Resource Centre, Bambang Setiono, Papua 9/20/2008 http://www.fpnewssrg.co.cc/ Valina Liem, Jakarta Globe, March 4, 2009.
June 2008. www.U4.no/themes/natural-resources) 2008/09/petrochina-ingatkan-pt-inti-kebun.html, 71. Power plays in the slicing of Indonesian Papua,
14. A Backwards Step, how demand for merbau timber is & Perbaiki Jalan, PetroChina dan PT Inti Kebun John McBeth, Senior Writer, The Straits Times,
undermining Indonesia’s anti-illegal logging policies, Sejahtera Mikin MOU, Fajar Papua 9/20/2008; Mach 17, 2008.
EIA/Telapak, 28 August 2008. http://www.fpnewssrg.co.cc/2008/09/perbaiki- 72. EIA/Telapak field trip, November 2007.
15. Export Data from BRIK, 19 January 2009; Production jalan-petrochina-dan-pt-inti.html) 73. When Gun Point Joins the Trade: Military Business
data from Forestry Ministry: http://www.dephut.go. 43. Indonesia's Medco eyes food crop, biofuel projects Involvement in Bojonegoro, Boven Digoel and Poso,
id/INFORMASI/PH/BPK/ALAM/Produksi_Mei07.pdf & in Papua, 2nd July 2009, Reuters) Commission for Disappearances and Victims of
http://www.dephut.go.id/files/DataRelease_BPK08_0.pdf) 44. PENYUSUNAN RENCANA DETAIL KAWASAN Violence (KONTRAS), 2004.
16. A who's who of Indonesian biofuel, Bill Guerin, Asia AGROPOLITAN KAB. MANOKWARI. 74. Indonesian Papua: A Local Perspective on the
Times, 22 May 2007. 45. Kep Gub No: 238,2008 http://apindo.or.id/images/ Conflict, Asia Briefing N°66, Crisis Group
17. The Final Cut: Illegal Logging in Indonesia's res/UMP%202009%20Up%20Date%2014%20 International, 19 July 2007.
Orangutan Parks, EIA/Telapak, August 1999. januari%202009.pdf 75. CCT Resources Holding Limited - Annual Report
18. EIA Press release, 6 May 2008. 46. “Plant first, profit later: Palm oil is still attractive 2008 / 2009: http://www.hkexnews.hk/listedco/
19. Minister of Agriculture Regulation No.26/Permentan/ although its price has tumbled”, Muchamad Nafi, listconews/gem/20090629/GLN20090629047.pdf
OT.140/2/2007. Tempo, No. 52/VIII/26 Aug – 01 Sept 2008, 76. 29 May 2008 Circular – “Very Substantial Acquisition
20. Presidential Instruction No. 5, 2007. reproduced in AsiaViews, Edition: 31/V/August/2008 of a Forestry Project in Papua, Indonesia with
21. Indonesia looks to Papua to expand palm oil http://new.asiaviews.org/?content=53g3gf545h56 Natural Forest Concession of 313,500 Hectares And
plantations: official, AFP, May 21, 2008. 86h&onbusiness=20080829001329 Connected Transaction” - issued by Tradeeasy
22. Mobility and Human Development in Indonesia, 47. OFFER INFORMATION STATEMENT DATED 29 JUNE Holding Limited., (since remanded to CCT Resources
Riwanto Tirtosudarmo, UNDP, June 2009, citing data 2009 (Lodged with the Monetary Authority of Holding Limited.), Page 14, & http://www.tradeeasy.
from Central Council of Statistics: Singapore on 29 June 2009), GOLDEN AGRI- com/te/document/investor_relation/ press/ew_
http://www.bps.go.id/sector/ipm/table1.shtml RESOURCES LTD. 08163_circular_300508-20080529175854958.pdf
23. Papua Needs Assessment, An Overview of Findings 48. http://appmnr.app.co.id/env_app-mr_tst/index.php? 77. HK ICRIS - Integrated Companies Registry
and Implications for the Programming of option=com_content&view=article&id=62%3Arumor- Information System http://www.icris.cr.gov.hk/csci/
Development Assistance, UNDP, August 2005. mill-2&catid=39%3Abiodiversity-and-conservation 78. http://realblog.zkiz.com/greatsoup/10365
24. Health and human security in West Papua, Medical &Itemid=41&lang=) 79. CCT Resources website: cct-resources.com
Journal of Australia, Rees et al, 20 October 2008. 49. NGOs plan to sue the police for closing cases, Eyes 80. See 76
http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/189_11_ on the Forest (EoF), 24th December 2008) 81. Dua Perusahaan Perkebunan Ekspansi ke Timika,
011208/ree10420_fm.html 50. APP’s forest clearing linked to 12 years of human (Two Plantation Companies Expand to Timika) in
25. Tussle for Papua's forests, John McBeth, The Straits and tiger deaths in Sumatra, WWF, 17th March 2009 Radar Timika, July 10th 2009.
Times (Singapore), August 21, 2007. 51. Sinar Mas Akan Buka Lahan Kelapa Sawit 1 Juta Ha, 82. CCT Resources Holding Limited – First Quarterly
26. Transparency International 2009 Global Corruption 21 Mar 2007, Papua Government Website. Report 2009.
Report, cited in; Most business players pay bribes: 52. 5 Sinar Mas films on file with EIA. 83. Papua to Assess Carbon Potentials, Nethy Dharma
Survey, The Jakarta Post, 8th October 2009. 53. Sinar Mas Presentation: Pre-Planning Workshop – Somba, Jakarta Post, May 14th 2008.
27. Papua Road Map, p17, The Indonesian Institute of Papua Program, 16th February 2007, and Sinar Mas 84. Investor Biofuel Incar Papua, 26 Juli 2008, Tribun
Sciences (LIPI), 2008. commissioned maps of these concessions, on file Pontianak HTTP://TRIBUNPONTIANAK.CO.ID/READ/
28. Papua governments blew Rp 30t on ‘special autonomy’: with EIA. ARTIKEL/1345
Official, Andi Hajramurni, The Jakarta Post, 9th 54. OFFER INFORMATION STATEMENT DATED 29 JUNE 85. Pers Comm, Yosef Ardi, 30th September 2009.
September 2009. 2009 (Lodged with the Monetary Authority of
29. Agriculture and Development in Eastern Indonesia: Singapore on 29 June 2009), GOLDEN AGRI-
Agriculture Sector Strategy Review. Ministry of RESOURCES LTD.
Agriculture, March 1998: http://www.adb.org/ 55. See 54
© EIA/Telapak
25
ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTIGATION AGENCY (EIA)
62/63 Upper Street
London N1 0NY, UK
Tel: +44 (0) 20 7354 7960
Fax: +44 (0) 20 7354 7961
email: ukinfo@eia-international.org
www.eia-international.org
EIA US
P.O.Box 53343
Washington DC 20009 USA
Tel: +1 202 483 6621
Fax: +202 986 8626
email: usinfo@eia-international.org
TELAPAK
Jalan Pajajaran No. 54
Bogor, Indonesia
Tel: +62 251 393 245 /715 9909
Fax: +62 251 393 246
telapak@telapak.org
www.telapak.org