Green House Effects PDF

Generated by Foxit PDF Creator Foxit Software
http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only.
A
Presentation
On
Green House Effects

By:
xyz
xyz. College of Engineering,
******

INTRODUCTION
The surface of the earth is heated by incoming solar

radiation earth then reemits some this energy as infrared.
Part of this infrared radiation escapes directly to space, but
much is absorbed by gases in the troposphere (the lowest
layer of the atmosphere), specially water vapour, carbon
dioxide, and ozone. The absorption process traps energy
and heats the atmosphere, much like a greenhouse traps
heat; thus, this atmospheric process is known as the
greenhouse effect. The amount of energy trapped by the
greenhouse gases is equivalent to 65% of the energy earth
receive from the sun and is critical for establishing the
average surface temperature of the. Earth world, on the
average, by 33 degree Celsius (60 degree Fahrenheit)
colder.

SOURCES OF GREENHOUSE
GASES
The warming up of the earth by green
house gases is known as green house
effect.
Green house gases
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Chlorofluorocarbon
Nitrous Oxide

Carbon Dioxide
The main source of CO2 is burning of more and more fossil
fuels. Secondary source is the oxidation of carbon
compound in marsher and forest by natural degradation
and manufacture of cement is another factor to increase
the CO2 in atmosphere.
Methane
The main source of methane are paddy filed, cattle dumps,
termits and scopay areas. When bacteria break down
organic matter and no oxygen is present. The bacteria
produces a methane gas.
CFCS
The source of chlorofolro carbons are the CFCS are used in
fridges as a coolant, air conditioner aersolos dn foam
packing. CFCS are destroying the ozone layer.
Nitrous Oxides
They from when ammonium nitrate is heated as a result of
the increasing number of formers using ammonium nitrate
based fertilizer (the most common variety) the level nitrous
oxides in atmosphere are rising.

WHAT IS GREENHOUSE EFFECT
The greenhouse effect is the rise

in temperature that the earth
experiences because certain
gases in the atmosphere (water
vapour, carbon dioxide, nitrous
oxide,
and
methane,
for
example) trap energy from the
sun.
Most greenhouses look like a small glass house.

Greenhouse are used to grow plants, especially in the
winter. Greenhouses work by trapping heat from the sun.
The glass panels of the greenhouse let in light but keep
heat from escaping. This causes the greenhouse to heat
up, and keeps the plants warm enough to live in the winter.

Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere behave much like the

glass panes in a greenhouse. Sunlight enters the Earths
atmosphere, passing through the blanket of greenhouse
gases. As it reaches the Earths surface, and, water, and
biosphere absorb the sunlights energy. Once absorbed, this
energy is sent back into the atmosphere. Some of the
energy passes back into space, but much of it remains
trapped in the atmosphere by the greenhouse gases,
causing our world to heat up.

RISING DANGER OF GLOBAL

WARMING
Life on Earth depends on this atmospheric

greenhouse to survive. In the atmosphere it is
the greenhouse gases that regulate the
temperatures that are essential to maintain life on
this planet.
But now our anthropogenic gases are resetting
Earths thermostat too high, causing warming.
These gases mostly from when we burn fossil
fuels like oil, coal or gas, or make cement, or
destroy forests.

Lets have a look at how these gases cause a problem.

Carbon Dioxide
Before the industrial revolution, there were 275 ppm (parts
per million) of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The
amount of CO2 in the atmosphere today has risen to 330
ppm. Since the industrial revolution, people have been
burning more and more fossil fuels and because if this, an
extra 5 billion tones of carbon dioxide is emitted in to the
atmosphere.
The carbon dioxide acts as a blanket over the earth.
Trapping in heat. Hence the fact. The earths temperature
rises. The carbon dioxide level increase in the atmosphere
at a rate of 0.23per cent year.
Methane
In the atmosphere today, there is a level of 1.7 ppm of
methane. This level of methane increases by lper year. The
main source of methane are paddy files. Cattle dumps,
termites and swampy areas. When bacteria break down
organic matter and no oxygen is present, the bacteria
produce methane gas.

CFCs
Some CFCs are up to 10,000 times more effective
than CO2 as a greenhouse gas but the average
CFCs are 40 time effective CO2 CFCs are used in
fridges as a coolant, air conditioner, aerosols and
foam packing. CFCs are destroying the ozone
layer.
Nitrous oxides
There is a level of 301 parts per billon (ppb) of
nitrous oxides. Tshey form when ammonium
nitrate is heated. As a result of the increasing
number of farmers using ammonium nitrate based
fertilizer (the most common variety) the level of
nitrous oxides in the atmosphere are rising.

EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING
The ocean gets warmed, sea level increases,

flooding occurs.
The winter will be shouter and the summer will
be longer.
The plants and animals gets effects resulting in
disturbance in the ecosystem.
The rainfall will be increase to 10 percent.
Converting the planet to hot house.
The soil become poor
The tropic become wetter and sub tropic become
too dry.

SOLUTIONS TO GLOBAL
WARMING
To prevent Global Warming we must reduce usage

of greenhouse gas emissions.
Carbon dioxide is usually produced from industry
and automobile usage.
We can increase
automobile efficiency by carpooling, walking,
cycling, or using public transportation.
The amount of methane in the air can be reduced
by preventing forest fires and the depletion of
trees.
Use clean energy sources like wind, wave, solar
and water power to make electricity.

SOURCES OF GREENHOUSE GAS

EMISSIONS
Green house gases are emitted by virtually all economic

sectors, including residential and commercial energy use,
industrial processes, electricity generation, agriculture, and
forestry. The carbon dioxide equivalent emissions (of 1990
reference year emission inventory) from this sector were
565,245 Gg, amounting to nearly 55% of the total national
emissions of GHGs. The second major contribution came
from the agriculture sector, constituting around 34% of the
total emissions, including emissions from enteric
fermentation in domestic animals, manure management,
rice cultivation, and burning of agriculture residues.
Emissions from industrial processes came mainly from
cement production.

INDIAS GREENHOUSE GAS

EMISSIONS
(India has experienced a dramatic growth in fossil fuel CO2 emissions,
and the data compiled by various agencies shows an increase of nearly
5.9% since 1950. at present, India is rated as the 6th largest
contributor of CO2 emissions and China the 2nd. However, our per
capita CO2 of 0.93t per annum is well below the world average of
3.87t per annum. Fossil fuel emissions in India continue to result
largely from coal burning with India being the largest producer of coal
in the world.
The energy sector is the largest contributor of carbon dioxide
emissions in India. The national inventory of greenhouse gases under
ALGAS (Asia-Least Cost Greenhouse Gas Abatement Strategy) project
(funded by the Asian Development Bank, Global Environment Facility
and United Nations Development Program) indicates that 55% of the
total national emissions come from energy sector. Agriculture sector
constitutes the next major contributor, accounting for nearly 34%.
Emissions from Industrial sector mainly came from cement production.
India is the fourth largest producer of cement after China, Japan and
the United States.

The Indian Cement Industry with an annual

production of 99 million metric tonne (mmt) of
cement contributes bout 89 mmt of CO2 emission
@ 0.9 mt of CO2/mt of cement produced. A
comparative CO2 emission levels in some
countries are given below:

EARTHS LIFE NEEDS

GREENHOUSE EFFECT
Earth would be a frigid planet, with average temperature

around zero degrees Fahrenheit instead of the 60 degrees
it is today. However can the greenhouse effect both
protect and threaten earth? The greenhouse effect that
keeps our planet warm is really the natural greenhouse
effect.
The greenhouse effect that could cause climate change is
the enhanced greenhouse effect. It works the same way
as the natural greenhouse effect, but the extra carbon
dioxide and other gases that we release into the
atmosphere help increase the amount of energy that
becomes trapped.
To understand how the natural
greenhouse effect can impact the climate of a planet, we
can look to our two heavenly neighbors, Venus and Mars.

Advantages of Green House Technology
The benefits which can be derived from the green

house cultivation are as follows:
Environment control allows raising plants
anywhere in the world at any time of the year.
The crop yields are at the maximum level per unit
area, per unit volume and per unit input basis.
The control of the microcosm allows the
production of higher quality products which are
free from insect attack, pathogens and chemical
residue.
High value and high quality crops could be grown
for export markets.
Income from the small and te marginal land
holdings maintained by the farmer can be increase
by producing crops meant for the export markets.

Disadvantages of Green House
When the temperature of the earth increases the

ice caps melt. This will flood the coastal and low
lying areas of land.
a rise of 100C in temperature increases the rate of
exchange of salts between the organisms and the
environment. This will accelerate the entry of
toxins into the body from the external medium.
The warming of the atmosphere will increase
could cover and this will reduce the amount of
coming solar radiation.
Agricultural and industrial operations as well as
deforestation may generate large quality of dust
which in turn can reduce the effective radiation.

CONCLUSION
The greenhouse effect is important.

Without the greenhouse effect, the
Earth would not be warm enough for
humans to live. But if the greenhouse
effect becomes stronger, it could make
the Earth warmer than usual. Even a
little extra warming may cause
problems for humans, plants, and
animals.

Thanking
You

Green House Effects PDF

Enviado por

Dados do documento

Título original

Direitos autorais

Formatos disponíveis

Compartilhar este documento

Compartilhar ou incorporar documento

Opções de compartilhamento

Você considera este documento útil?

Este conteúdo é inapropriado?

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

Green House Effects PDF

Enviado por

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

Generated by Foxit PDF Creator Foxit Software

http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only.