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a-Carboxilo
Radical
Carbon a
Aminocidos
a Amino
H
2
pKa
=2
a
COOH
pKa a NH2=9
pH = pKaCOOH
pH > pKaCOOH
pH < pKaCOOH
pH = pKaCOOH +log
[R-COO-]
[R-COOH]
predominante
pH = pKaNH2
pH = pKaNH2+log [R-NH2]
[R-NH3+]
pH > pKaNH2
[R-NH2]
pH < pKaNH2
pH = pKaNH2+log
[R-NH3+] predominante
H
2
pKa
=2
a
COOH
pKa a NH2=9
aa+zwitterin
aaaninico
aa+
catinico
No existe a pH
entre 0 y 14
[aa-]
pH =pKaNH2+log
[aa]
pKaNH2
pKaCOOH
pH=pKaCOOH+log [aa]
[aa+]
Aminocidos
estructurales
geomtricos
Ismeros
Quiral
No Quiral
Polarimetro
Polarimetro
COOH
COOH
glicina
H-C-NH3+
D-alanina
CH3
H-C-NH3+
CH3
L-alanina
NH
3
R-C-H
COOH
Polar
Azufrados
Sin carga neta
Carga neta +
Carga neta -
NH3+
COO-
C COOH
Glicina Gly G
NH3+
CH3
Alanina Ala A
H
C
CH
CH3
COO-
Alifaticos
NH3+
CH3
Valina Val V
NH3+
C COO-
C COO-
CH
CH3
CH2
CH3
CH
CH3
CH2
Alifaticos
NH3+
CH3
Leucina Leu L
Isoleucina Ile I
Grupo imino
COOH
Alifticos
HN
2
Radical
Prolina Pro P
Leucina
Prolina
Valina
Alanina
Glicina
Ile
Leu
Pro
Val
Ala
Gly
Apolar-Alifaticos
Isoleucina
H
C
COO-
Aromticos
NH3+
CH2
Anillo bencnico
Fenilalanina Phe F
NH3+
H
C
CH2
HO
COO-
Fenol
Tirosina Tyr Y
NH3+
CH2
COO-
N Indol
Triptofano Trp W
Phe
Aromticos No polar
Fenilalanina
Trp
Triptofano
Tyr
Aromticos Polar
Tirosina
Azufrados
NH3+
CH2
SH
Tiol, mercapto
COO-
Cisteina Cys C
NH3+
H
C
CH2
CH2
S
CH3
COO-
Metionina Met M
Cys
Met
Apolar-Azufrado
Metionina
Polar-Azufrado
Cisteina
Hidroxilados
NH3+
CH2
OH
OH
COO-
H
+
COO- NH3
Treonina Thr T
CH3
Serina Ser S
Serina
Thr
Ser
Polar-Hidroxilados
Treonina
Acidos
NH3+
b-carboxilo
H
C
CH2
NH3+
Radical cido
COO-
COO-
H
C
CH2
CH2
COO-
Glutmico Glu E
COO-
Aspartico Asp D
glutamato
g-carboxilo
Aspartato
Amida
COO-
CH2
Amidas
NH3+
NH2
Asparagina Asn N
NH3+
NH2
H
C
CH2
CH2
C
COO-
Glutamina Gln Q
Glutmico
Asprtico
Asn
Glu
Asp
Polar-acidos
Asparagina
Gln
Polar-Amidas
Glutamina
NH+
CH2
C COO-
Bsicos
NH3+
HN
Imidazol
Histidina His H
NH3+
H
C
CH2
CH2
CH2
C
H
COO-
CH2
CH2
CH2
NH
NH2+
+
H
3N C COO
H2N
Guanidino
Amino e
NH3+
Lisina Lys K
Arginina Arg R
NH + H+
pKa = 6,0
NH
NH3+-CH-CH2
COO-
Lisina
Histidina
Arg
Lys
His
Polar-Bsicos
Arginina
Clasificacin de los aa
1. Polar/hidrofilico : N, Q, S, T, K, R, H, D, E, C, Y
2. Apolar/hidrofbico - (G), A, V, L, I, P, F, W, M
3. Azufrados - C, M
4. cidos - D, E
5. bsicos - K, R, H
6. Ionizable - D, E, H, K, R, C, Y
7. Aromticos - F, W, Y,
8. Alifticos - G, A, V, L, I, P
9. Forma puentes disulfuro - C
10. Cclico - P
11.e-NH3- K
12. Imidazol- H
13. Guanidino- R
14. Indol- W
COOH
+
H
3N-C-H
CH3
aa+
cationico
pI=
pKa NH3+
Clculo del pI
COO-
CH3
+
H
3N-C-H
pKaCOOH
aa+zwitterion
pKaCOOH + pKaNH3+
COO-
H2N-C-H
CH3
aaanionico
pKaCOOH
COO-
+
H
3N-C-H
COO-
CH2
COO-
aaanionico
pKaa-NH3+
aaanionico
b-COOH
+
H
3N-C-H
CH2
COOH
COO-
CH2
H2N-C-H
aa+isoelectrico
pKa
CH2
COOH
aa+
cationico
pI=
COO-
COO+
H
3N-C-H
(CH2)3
(CH2)3
H2N-C-H
COO-
pKaa-NH3+
aa-anionico
pKaeNH3+
aa+isoelectrico
H2C-NH3+
(CH2)3
H2N-C-H
COO-
(CH2)3
H2C-NH3+
pKaaCOOH
H2C-NH3+
aa+
cationico
pKaaNH3+ +pKae-NH3+
aa+
cationico
pI=
H2C-NH2
O-
D-COOE-COOH-Imidazol
C-S-
D-COOH
E-COOH
H-Imidazol+
C-SH
YK- NH2
OH
K- NH3+
R- Guanidino
Y-
R- Guanidino +
Electroforesis (1)
Electroforesis (2)
Enlace peptdico
Debido a la resonancia se
establece un doble enlace parcial
C
C
y (psi)=C-alfaC carboxilo
O
(phi)=N-C alfa
(phi)
Enlace peptidico
y (psi)