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Overview
This document is part of the How-To Guide for Most Common Measurements centralized resource portal.
1. Thermistor Overview
Thermistors, like RTDs, are thermally sensitive semiconductors whose resistance varies with temperature. Thermistors are manufactured from
metal oxide semiconductor material encapsulated in a glass or epoxy bead. Also, thermistors typically have much higher nominal resistance
values than RTDs (anywhere from 2,000 to 10,000 ) and can be used for lower currents.
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Figure 5. NI 9215 Connection Diagrams for Thermistors with External Excitation from a
(a) Current Source IEX and (b) Voltage Source VEX
The voltage difference across the resistor is read as a temperature. The relationship between voltage across a resistor and temperature is not perfectly linear. The NI-DAQmx driver scales the
resistance of a thermistor to a temperature using the Steinhart-Hart thermistor third-order approximation:
where T is the temperature in Kelvin, R is the measured resistance, and A, B, and C are constants provided by the thermistor manufacturer.
To provide excitation, you can use external sources such as a C Series voltage output module or current output module. Because the nominal resistance of a thermistor is very high, you need a
source that can output low currents accurately. You can use the NI 9265 C Series analog output module as an excitation current source for the thermistor and place it in the same NI cDAQ-9172
chassis as the C Series module acquiring the thermistor reading. The NI 9265 has a 0 to 20 mA output range with 16-bit resolution. This particular output module also has the same channel count as
the input module described for the temperature readings. The pinouts for the current output C Series module are displayed in Figure 6.
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