CALCIUM GLUCONATE

CONTENTS
SECTION

PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS AND SPECIFICATIONS

SECTION

II

PRODUCT APPLICATIONS

SECTION

III

INDIAN MANUFACTURERS

SECTION

IV

IMPORT/EXPORT TRENDS

SECTION

PRICE TRENDS

SECTION

VI

INDIAN DEMAND

SECTION

VII

BROAD OUTLINE OF MANUFACTURING PROCESS

SECTION

VIII

RAW MATERIALS REQUIREMENTS AND AVAILABILITY

SECTION

IX

GLOBAL SCENARIO

SECTION

DISCUSSIONS ON ECONOMIC CAPACITY,

PROJECT COST AND PROFITABILITY PROJECTIONS

SECTION

XI

SWOT ANALYSIS

SECTION

XII

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE POSITION FOR

A NEW INDUSTRY AND RECOMMENDATIONS

SECTION I
PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS AND SPECIFICATIONS
1.1.

General details

Chemical Name
Appearance
Chemical formula
Molecular weight

1.2.

Calcium Gluconate Monohydrate

White odourless, tasteless crystalline powder
[CH2OH(CHOH)4CO2]Ca.H2O
448.4

Specification

Clarity and colour of the solution

Purity
Arsenic
Heavy metals
Reducing sugars
Sulphate
Chloride

10% w/v solution at a temperature of 60 deg.C is clear

and colourles
Not less than 99.9% of Calcium gluconate
Less than 2 ppm
Less than 20 ppm
Nil
Less than 500 ppm
Less than 900 ppm

Standards
Calcium Gluconate is available on Indian Pharmacopeioa, British Pharamcopeia and United
States Pharmacopeia Standards.
Content of Calcium
Ca : 8.5 to 9.4 per cent of the content of Calcium Gluconate state on the label.
Identification
Yields the reactions characteristic of calcium salts
To 1 ml. add one drop of Ferri chloride test folution an intese yellow colour is produced.
Warm 5 ml. add 0.65 ml of glacial acetic acid and one ml of Phenol and heat on a water-bath for
thirty minutes; allow to cool and scratch the inner surface of the tube until crystalsbegin to form.
Filter, dissolve the residue in 10 ml. of hot water, add small amount of decolourising charcoal and
filter. Allow the filtrate to cool and scratch the inner surface of thetube; the white crystals
obtained have a melting point of about 200 deg.C, with decomposition.
Storage
Calcium Gluconate injection is a supersaturated solution and must be completely free from solid
particles.
2

SECTION II
PRODUCT APPLICATIONS
Calcium gluconate is extensively used in the treatment of Calcium deficiency, both for
oral and parenteral administration.
For Calcium therapy, Calcium gluconate is a well established and most accepted drug in
the medical field. Calcium in its ionic form has been shown to be an excellent
therapeutic agent for the treatment of diseases caused and aggravated by deficiency of
Calcium in the body.
Calcium gluconate is being used as Tablets, intramuscular injections and as syrups.
Calcium Gluconate forms a definite compound with Boric acid called Calcium Boro
Gluconate which is more popular in the veterinary medical field. Calcium Boro
Gluconate is used for the treatment of milk fever of milking cows.
Calcium Gluconate Injection
Calcium Gluconate injection is a sterile solution of Calcium Gluconate in water for
injections. Not more than 5.0% of the Calcium gluconate may be replaced with Calcium
D-Saccharate or other suitable harmless calcium salt,as a stabilising agent.
The solution is distributed in ampoules and sterilised by heating in an autoclave.
It is also used as an oral antidote for Fluorine and Oxalic acid poisoning, as a substitute
for fruit acids in the manufacture of fruit jellies and baking powders and in the
preparation of homogeneous pastes like dentifrices and metal polishes.

SECTION III
INDIAN MANUFACTURERS
The Indian manufacturers of Calcium Gluconate include the following :

Anil Starch Products Ltd.,

1st Floor, Ramji Kamani Marg
Ballard Estate, Mumbai-400 026

Bihnani Chemical Industries (P) Ltd.,

4, B.B.D. Bag (E), Stephan House
Roon. no.11, First Floor
Calcutta - 700 001

Prathista Industries Ltd.,

Sy. No. 273-274, S.Lingotam (Vill.),
Choutuppal (Mandal), Nalgonda,A.P.

Calcium (India) Pvt. Ltd.,

124, 126, SIPCIT Complex,
Hosur - 635 126

Multi Chem (P) Ltd,

Madras-Bangalore Highway,
Reddygunta,
Chittor,
Andhra Pradesh

Sandoz (India) Ltd.,

Sandoz House, Dr. A.B. Road,
Worli, Mumbia-400 018

Shanpar Industries
303/5, GIDC Estate,
Makarpura Road, Vadodara - 390 010

Supremo Electrochemical Indistries

1018, Development Area
Deolali - 422 401
Maharashtra

S.A.Chemicals
4/33, The Malad Co-op Hag.Soc. Ltd
Poddar Park, Malad (E),
Mumbai - 97
4

Qulux Organo Fine Pharmaceuticals,

Mini Indl. Estate,
Kudassanadu P.O.,Pandalam-689 512.

Neotech Organics Ltd.,

No.8, IDA, Gajulamandyam,
Attur (P.O.)-517 520.

Gluco Chem Inds

A1, 294,GIDC,Makarpura,Baroda-390 010

Aadhi Srinath Chemical (P) Ltd.,

Plot No.126, Pharm Indl. Estate
Old Mahabalipuram Road
Alanthoor - 603 110

Balachem Ltd.,
Pondicherry

Om Sakthi Products
Pondicherry

There may be a few more units in the small unorganised sector.

Indian installed capacity

3000 tonnes per annum

SECTION IV
IMPORT/EXPORT TRENDS
4.1.

Imports

4.1.1. Present Import level

Around 250 tonnes per annum

4.1.2. Pattern of countrywise Imports

Period April 2001 to March 2002
Country

Quantity in Kgs

China P RP
France
German F REP
Italy
Netherland
Switzerland
USA

124200
52000
29801
21500
3000
500
17200

4.2.

Exports

4.2.1. Present export level :

Around 800 tonnes per annum

4.2.2. Pattern of countrywise Exports

Period April 2001 to March 2002
Country

Quantity in Kgs

Australia
Bangaladesh
Canada
China P RP
Colombia
Egypt A RP
France
Georgia
German F REP
Indonesia
Iran
Kuwait
Mexico

55925
2500
56400
2160
5500
34125
8500
600
33662
1050
31000
6450
3000
6

Netherland
Pakistan
Philippines
Poland
Sri Lanka
Switzerland
Syria
Thailand
Turkey
U Arab Emts
UK
USA
Venezuela

116800
26963
300
174800
20
2060
100
10680
120
102160
5000
112675
2350

4.2.3. Sample of individual exports of Calcium Gluconate

Name of the Exporters

Value in Rs.

Country

Date

Port

Global Calcium P.Ltd.,

Quantity in
tonnes
17.100

1890554

Rotterdam

Chennai

Global Calcium P.Ltd.,

9.000

1074769

Los

Global Calcium P.Ltd.,

0.945

105031

Hamburg

Global Calcium P.Ltd.,

10.800

`581141

Gdynia

Global Calcium P.Ltd.,

22.500

2651339

Tianjin

Global Calcium P.Ltd.,

9.000

1085906

Los

Global Calcium P.Ltd.,

9.000

1252875

Los

01.01.2002 to
12.01.2002
01.02.2002 to
15.02.2002
01.03.2002 to
12.03.2002
01.04.2002 to
08.04.2002
01.05.2002 to
15.05.2002
23.06.2002 to
08.07.2002
01.08.2002 to
13.08.2002

Chennai
Chennai
Chennai
Chennai
Chennai
Chennai

SECTION V
PRICE TRENDS
Basic price

Rs.150 per kg

Taxes and duties

Extra as applicable

SECTION VI
INDIAN DEMAND
Calcium gluconate finds application in the pharmaceutical industry in the production of
drugs for Calcium deficiency.
Calcium Gluconate is generally formulated as tablets or syrups or injections.
Pharmaceutical industry is the major end-user for the gluconates in the country.
Present estimated demand including export demand. 2000 tonnes per annum
The estimated growth rate in demand 10 to 11% per annum.

SECTION VII
BROAD OUTLINE OF MANUFACTURING PROCESS
Gluconate salts is produced by the electrolytic oxidation of Glucose dissolved in Sodium bromide
solution as electrolyte using graphite electrodes.
Gluconic acid formed is neutralised by the Calcium carbonate present in the electrolyte as
suspension.
Calcium Gluconate formed in the electrolyte is recovered by cooling and the mother liquor
obtained after recovery of the product is continuously reused in further batches.

Source of technology
Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi
Major plant and machinery and suppliers
Name of the equipment

Name of the company

Refrigerations

Karna Industries Ltd.

10/67, Industrial Area
Kirti Nagar, New Delhi-110 015

Centrifuge

Dryers

Electrolytic cell

Neptune Refrigeration Co. Ltd.,

153, Mount Road, Chennai-600 002
Hydrabad Met Chem. Pvt. Ltd.,
34, C.I.E., Phase II,
Gandhinagar, Opp. IDPL Colony
Hyderabad-500 037
Spark Engineers Pvt. Ltd.,
5/332, State Bank Colony II
Salem-636 004
The Anup Engineering Ltd.,
Behind 66 KV Electric Sub Station
Odhav Road, Ahmedabad-382 415
ATRE Thermal Products Pvt. Ltd.,
Pushpa Heights, 1st Floor,
Bibwewadi Corner, Pune-411 037
Central Electrochemical Research Institute
Karaikudi

10

SECTION VIII
RAW MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS AND AVAILABILITY
Raw material requirement
Basis.

One tonne of Calcium gluconate

Dextrose monohydrate
Sodium Bromide
Calcium Carbonate

1.38 tonnes
0.08 tonnes
0.55tonnes

Utility
Power

5000 unit

Source of Supply of raw materials

Name of the Raw Materials

Name of the company

Dextrose monohydrate

Universal Starch Chem & Allied Ltd.,Karnataka

Riddhi Siddhi Starch & Chemicals Ltd., Karnataka

Sodium bromide

Bhavika Chemicals Corporation,

Maharashtra Muby Chemicals, Ambernath,
Maharashtra Shreeji Chemicals, Thane,
Maharashtra
Aranthangi Chemicals (P) Ltd.,Tamil Nadu
Balaji Minerals, Tamil Nadu
Niraj Petrochemicals Ltd , A.P.

Calcium carbonate

11

SECTION IX
GLOBAL SCENARIO
Global demand level
Current annual worldwide production capacity for Gluconic acid and its derivatives is
estimated to be 60,000 tonnes. The bulk of production (85%) is in the form of sodium
gluconate and other alkali gluconate salts.
Present consumption levels are, however, significantly lower, resulting in only 60 to 70%
utilisation of existing capacity.
International manufacturers of Gluconic acid/Gluconates
*

Aaron Industries, Inc.

P.O. Box 305, Clinton ,SC 29325
USA

American Biorganics, Inc.

2236, Liberty Dr. Niagara Falls,
NY 14304, New York, USA

AKZO Nobel Chemicals Inc.

300 S Riverside Plaza,
Chicago, IL 60606, USA

Alfa Aesar, A Johnson Matthey Company

30, Bond St., Ward Hill,
MA 01835, USA

Coyne Chemical
3015 State Road,
Croydon, PA 19021,
USA

Glucona America, Inc.

114 East Conde Street,
Janesville, WI 53546-3010,
USA

PMP Fermentation Products, Inc.

500 Park Boulevard,
Suite 450, Itasca,
IL 60143, USA
12

Noah Technologies Corporation

Noah Chemical Division,
1 Noah Park, San Antonio,Texas 78249, USA

Westco Chemicals Inc.

11312 Hartland St.,
N Hollywood, CA 91605,
USA

Mallinckrodt Inc.,
Post Box No,5439
St.Louis MO 63147

Spectrum Bulk Chemicals,

A Division of Spectrum Quality Products
755 Jersey Avenue,
New Brunswick, NJ 08901
USA.

13

SECTION X
DISCUSSIONS ON ECONOMIC CAPACITY, PROJECT COST AND
PROFITABILITY PROJECTIONS
Economic Capacity

::

60 tonnes per annum

Project Cost

Rs.104 lakhs

Assessment of project cost

1.

Land

S.No.

Description

1.1
1.2

Cost of land of 0.5 acre at Rs 5.5 lakh per acre

Cost of levelling, laying internal roads/fencing and
compound wall
Subtotal

2.

Cost
Rs.in lakhs

3.08

Building

S.No.

Description

2.1
2.2

Factory building of area 200 sq.m. at Rs.3200/sq.m.

Non-factory building of area 60 sq.m.at Rs.4500/sq.m.
Subtotal

3.

2.8
0.28

Cost
Rs.in lakhs
6.4
2.7
9.1

Cost of Plant & Machinery

S.No.

Description

Cost
Rs.in lakhs

3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4

Cost of basic plant and machinery

Instrumentation and control
Pipelines and valves
Structurals for erection

3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10

Subtotal
Octroi, excise duty, sales tax, etc.at 12%
Packaging and insurance charges (2%)
Transportation charges (2%)
Machinery stores and spares (2%)
Foundation charges (2%)
Installation charges (2%)
Total cost of plant and Machinery

38
2.85
3.8
1.9

14

46.55
5.6
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
56.8

4.

Technical know-how fees

5.

Miscellaneous fixed assets

Rs. 1.50 lakhs

S.No.

Description

5.1.
5.2.
5.3.
5.4.
5.5.
5.6.
5.7.

Electrification
Steam boiler and auxillaries
Water storage tank, borewell etc.
Fuel storage tank
Laboratory equipment
Office machinery & equipment
Material handling equipment, packaging machinery,
weigh balance, etc.
Diesel generator
Effluent treatment
Total

5.8.
5.9.
6.

Cost
Rs.in lakhs
1.30
1.30
0.75
0.75
0.50
1.30
1.30
4.5
1.30
13

Preliminary & Pre-operative expenses:

S.No.

Description

Cost
Rs.in lakhs

6.1.
6.2.
6.2.1
6.2.2
6.2.3
6.2.4
6.2.5
6.2.6
6.2.7

Preliminary expenses
Pre-operative expenses:Establishment
Rent rates and taxes
Travelling expenses
Interest and commitment charges on borrowings
Insurance during construction period
Other preoperative expenses and deposits
Interest on deferred payment
Total

0.80
0
0.80
0.60
1.30
3.50
1.14
0
0
8.14

7.

Provision for contingency

Rs. 5.92 lakhs

8.

Working capital margin

Rs. 6.32 lakhs

9.

Total project cost

Rs.103.8 lakhs
Say Rs.104 lakhs

10.

Means of Finance

Promoter's contribution
Term loan from financing institutions
Total project cost

Rs.42 lakhs
Rs.62 lakhs
Rs.104 lakhs
15

11.I.

Financial Statements

Variable Cost

Rs.in lakhs

Raw material and utilities

Spares and maintenance
Selling expenses
Total variable cost
B
Fixed cost

33.32
3.4
4.5
41.22

Salaries and wages

Interest on term loan and working capital loan
Depreciation
Administrative expenses
Total fixed cost
C.
Total cost of production A + B
D.
Selling price per kg. (in Rupees)
E.
Annual sales turnover (Rs.in lakhs)
F.
Net profit before tax (Rs.in lakhs) (E-C))
G.
Breakeven point in %

9
14.58
7.36
2.7
33.64
74.89
150
90
15.14
69%

16

SECTION XI
SWOT ANALYSIS
Strength

Growing demand in pharmaceutical sector

Weakness

Power intensive unit

Opportunity

Export market

Threat

Imports

17

SECTION XII
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE POSITION FOR A NEW INDUSTRY AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
CECRI, Karaikudi has successfully provided technology for production of Calcium
gluconate to several organisations in the past. There appears to be no constraint in the
technology front.
Though there is no shortage situation for gluconates in the country, the market is steady
and the demand is likely to go up.
The export potentials for Calcium gluconate are attractive.
The project can be set up with export market in view.

18