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What is
Budgeting
...03
Cost
estimation
..........03
Pakistan
motorway..
...04
Key consideration
included...........
...05
Motorways of
Pakistan............
.......06
Vision
statement
...06
Mission
statement...
..................06
Introduction M2 motorway (Pakistan)
...............07
Composite schedule of
rates....10
Route
...11
Scope of the
project........
..........12
Cost of the
project..
.12
2
Budgeting:
An estimation of the revenue and expenses over a specified future period of time. A budget can
be made for a person, family, group of people, business, government, country, multinational
organization or just about anything else that makes and spends money. A budget is a
microeconomic concept that shows the tradeoff made when one good is exchanged for another.
Cost Estimation:
A cost estimate is the approximation of
the cost of a program, project, or operation.
The cost estimate is the product of the cost
estimating process. The cost estimate has a
single total value and may have identifiable
component values.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_estimate
PAKISTAN MOTORWAY
Pakistan has an extensive network of roads and highways, linking every big and small town.
There are several highways like Grand Trunk Road between Lahore and Peshawar, Super
Highway and National Highway linking Karachi with interior of Sindh and Punjab, Indus
Highway linking Peshawar with the Southern Punjab, RCD Highway linking Karachi with
Quetta and on to Taftan (Pak-Iran border) and the Karakoram Highway joining Islamabad with
Kashgar (China) through Abbottabad, GilgitHunza and Khunjrab Pass. A land mark has been
achieved with the completion of Lahore-Islamabad motorway (M2) and Faisalabad-PindiBhatian
4
Motorway (M3), which have opened some of the remote areas of Pakistan for visitors. Another
project of Motorway i.e. Islamabad-Peshawar (M1) will be completed in near future.
The prodigious 333 km long Pakistan Motorway (PM) M2 is a unique project of its kind in South
Asia. It is a six lane road that is linked with major and minor cities through interchanges and do
not pass through or across any city. This project has been successfully tested for the landing of
fighter aircraft of PAF. This project has a unique history which is joyful to read and for the first
time i am presenting on social media, the news clips from 90s to recall the glorious work by
PMLN. The present worth of M2 is PKR 272 Billion.
Pakistan's first motorway, the 367 km 6-lane M-2, connecting the cities of Islamabad and Lahore,
was constructed by South Korea's Daewoo Corporation and was inaugurated in November 1997
and was the first motorway to be built in South Asia.
The construction of motorways began in the early 1990s with the idea building a world class
road network and to reduce the load off the heavily used national highways throughout the
country. The M2 was the first motorway completed in 1998, linking the cities of Islamabad and
Lahore. In the past 5 years, many new motorways have opened up including the M1, M3.
Total: 257,683 km
Accessibility and opportunity for public transport and other transport modes
Social impact
Environmental impact
Motorway operations
Operational efficiency
Environmental impacts
6
Motorways of Pakistan:
Pakistan Motorway Project is originally conceived by Mr. Muhammad Nawaz Sharif, Prime
Minister of Pakistan, to provide a country wide link of limited access high speed highway to
bring most parts of the country together which could result in greater economic growth,
commercial activity and trade with ECO countries. It is envisaged that such a system of modern
roads would enable Pakistan to step into the 21st century equipped with a first rate
communication system.
The Motorways of Pakistan are a network of high quality, international standard 'limited access'
highways in Pakistan, which are maintained and operated by the National Highway Authority.
Pakistan's motorways are either six-lanes or four-lanes and are 'limited-access' with a minimum
speed limit of 80 km/h and a maximum speed limit of 120 km/h. They have a central median and
are fenced on the outside for safety and to prevent unauthorized access. In 2009, operational
motorways in Pakistan had a combined length of 770 km.
Vision Statement:
The vision of the motorway project is to provide a transportation system that allows anyone to go
anywhere in the region easily and efficiently.
Mission Statement:
The mission of the motorway project is to provide the public with a safe and efficient
countywide transportation system. The system increases access and mobility, reduces congestion,
improves the environment, and supports economic development, thereby enhancing quality of
life.
The M-2 was conceived by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif in his first term (1990-1993) and later
inaugurated in 1997, during his second term. In late 2006, upgrades were made to the portion of
8
the M-2 passing through the Salt Ranges due to increasing complaints of drivers. The upgrades
included better marking of the road lines and increased size of road signs for easy visibility.
M-2
Title
Lahore-Islamabad motorway
Length
367 km
Type
Public
Direction
North-South
Start
Lahore
Primary destinations
End
Islamabad
Location
Pakistan
Construction dates
1992 - 1997
Major junctions
M-3
Owner
NHAPakistan
Cost
Co
mposite
Schedule of
Rates:
We have
carried out a
general revision of
prices
unto
January
2009
in
consultation
supplier, and
contractors.
In
all
with leading
manufacturers,
specialist
the
absence
of
standard fix
formula the best
engineering
knowledge
and
rate analysis practices are
used
to
develop these rates. The variation in the proposed rates is anticipated in certain cases, which may
be due to varying degrees / levels of productivity and price differences of various inputs at the
regional level.
The rates, prices and outputs included in the resources and unit cost calculations, including
allowances for wastage, normal productivity and efficiency are based for roadwork and bridge
projects being carried out by NHA. The unit rates are average unit rates for a particular district
10
and not project specific. The market can change very rapidly, which would obviously have an
impact on the unit rates.
It must be understood that main objective of the CSR is to provide a realistic reference base for
preparing Cost Estimates / PC-I and Evaluation of Bids, for NHA projects.
It is hoped that the CSR 2009, would serve as a Basic Engineers Estimate Reference Document
for National Highway Authority, various Government Departments and the construction industry
in general.
Whilst all efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of the data and information used in updating
the CSR , neither NHA or M/s Shabir Associates can in any way accept liability for loss of any
kind resulting from the use of CSR made by any person, institution, company, department etc.
Route:
The M-2 starts to the west of Lahore, at the ThokarNiazBaig junction of N-5 (National Highway
No. 5). Once it crosses the Ravi River, it diverges from the N-5 (also known as GT or Grand
Trunk Road) and heads west towards Sheikhupura. After passing the Sheikhupura Interchange
KhanqahDogran Interchange comes at a distance of 36 Km from the Sheikhupura Interchange.
After once at PindiBhattian, it crosses the M-3 junction and turns north-west. It continues all the
way to KallarKahar, where it enters the Salt Ranges. This stretch of motorway has been
considered the most dangerous road in all of Pakistan for its sharp turns. At certain points, the
maximum speed of all vehicles must be 20 km/h. Once past the Salt Ranges, the M-2 turns north
and ends just west of Rawalpindi at the junction between the Islamabad Link Road and the M-1.
The whole stretch of the M-2 consists of 6 lanes, and there are a number of rest areas along the
route, with washroom and eating facilities.
11
The estimated cost is 30.50 million but project completed or actual cost not given at anywhere.
The cost of M-2 is 30,500,000 and according to the estimation of 2004vehicles on road are 4.2
million and 250,000 commercial vehicles. If we not include the maintenance charges and other
charges and charge just 20 rupees per vehicles and charge 30 rupees tocommercial vehicle then
12
the daily income of one toll plaza is according to the daily income of toll plazas we can recover
this 30.50 million cost before the six months.
13
a contract with an outside party (selected mostly through competitive bidding) for that purpose.
If NHA collects tolls directly, all receipts are deposited on a weekly basis in a RMA revenue subaccount for the region from which they were collected. The regional general manager ensures the
transfer of all toll money from the regional RMA revenue sub-account to the central RMA
account within seven days of the beginning of every calendar month. In cases of collection
through outside parties, the revenue transfer is made according to the contract signed between
NHA and the concerned party. The operations and management unit of NHA ensures effective
monitoring in both cases. The statement of receipts into RMA is prepared every month. The
monthly statement includes a performance report containing a comparison with projected
receipts and suggestions for improvement, if any. Twice a year, on the 10th of January and July, a
consolidated account statement is made available to all the members and the Chairman of the
Executive Board for budgeting purposes. Central and regional RMAs are reconciled on a regular
basis. NHA has established tolling stations collecting tolls on almost all national highways and
has started charging for the commercial use of right of way by collecting ground/approach rental
charges. The policy guidelines for tolls and charges for the commercial use of right-of-way were
approved by the NHA Executive Board as an interim measure until the final approval is made.
The Board has constituted a committee to finalize the policy for tolling and
preservation/commercial use of right-of-way. It is expected that the total revenue generated for
maintenance works in the financial year 2005-06 will be about PRs 4,310 million. The estimated
funding requirement, determined through Highway Development and Management (HDM-IV)
analysis, for the year will be PRs 7,000 million. Available total resources from different sources
are expected to be as follows:
Revenue receipts through RMA from all designated sources, PRs 4,730 million
Government grants for maintenance, PRs 1,200 million
Total resources vailable, PRs 5,930
Shortfall, PRs 1,070 million
Toll revenue is the primary contributor of RMA resources. The contributions of different sources
into RMA are as follows:
Toll plazas
: 92.0 per cent
Weigh stations
: 1.5 per cent
Right-of-way commercialization
: 1.2 per cent
Hoardings/billboards
: 0.3 per cent
Police fine collection etc.
: 5.0 per cent
The expenditures form the RMA cover the following maintenance categories:
Rehabilitation
Geometric improvement and highway safety improvement
New toll plazas and weigh stations
Corridor management
17
18
Toll Rates during Construction Period (for full length of 367 km).
Sr. No.
Vehicle Category
1.
2.
3.
Rupees
15
25
Coaster
4.
5.
25
Bus
Truck 2 Axle/ 3 Axle
6.
30
60
125
Vehicle Category
Car, Jeep, Taxi
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Rupees/km
0.412
0.588
Coaster
0.882
Bus
1.324
1.618
2.056
Sr. No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Rupees
25
50
50
100
125
150
25
50
10
20
M-3 to Faisalabad
To Balkassar
To PindiGheb
10
21