Mg2404 Casa Record

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SRI MUTHUKUMARAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

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Chikkarayapuram, Near Mangadu, Chennai 600069
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Record Note Book
ME 2404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS

LABORATORY
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(Accredited by NBA New Delhi)
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candidate Mr.
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B.E Mechanical Engineering.
This record ME 2404 Computer Aided Simulation and Analysis
Laboratory is submitted for Anna University practical examination held
on
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT
LAB INCHARGE
INTERNAL EXAMINER
EXTERNAL EXAMINER
CONTENTS
S.No.
Date
Name of the Exercise
Page
No.
Signature
Ex. No: 01
STRESS ANALYSIS OF A PLATE WITH A CIRCULAR HOLE

Finite Element Model
Von Mises Stress Distribution
Ex. No: 05
MODE FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF A 2D COMPONENT
Mode 3
Mode 1
Mode 4
Mode 2
Mode 5
Ex. No: 02
STRESS ANALYSIS OF L BRACKET

Ex. No: 03
STRESS ANALYSIS OF AN AXISYMMETRIC COMPONENT
Ex. No: 04
STRESS
ANALYSIS OF BEAMS
[Simply Supported, Cantilever, Fixed]

Simply Supported Beam Center Load
Simply Supported Beam Bending moment
Simply Supported Beam Deflection
Simply Supported Beam Shear Force
Simply Supported Beam Eccentric Load
Simply Supported Beam Bending moment
Simply Supported Beam Deflection
Simply Supported Beam Shear Force
Cantilever Free End Load
Cantilever Deflection
Cantilever Bending moment
Cantilever Shear Force
Cantilever
Eccentric Load
Cantilever Bending moment
Cantilever Deflection
Cantilever Shear Force
Fixed Beam Center Load
www.Vidyarthiplus.com Fixed Beam Deflection
Fixed Beam Bending moment
Fixed Beam Shear Force
Fixed Beam Eccentric Load
Fixed Beam Deflection
Fixed Beam Bending moment
Fixed Beam Shear Force
Cantilever Beam - UDL
www.Vidyarthiplus.com Cantilever Beam - Bending moment
Fixed Beam- UDL
Fixed Beam - Bending momen
Ex. No: 06
MODAL FREQUENCY ANALYSIS
OF A BEAM [Simply Supported, Cantilever, Fixed]
CANTILEVER BEAM
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3
FIXED BEAM
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode3
SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode3
Ex. No: 07
HARMONIC ANALYSIS
OF A 2D COMPONENT
Harmonic Analysis
Ex. No: 08
CONDUCTIVE HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF A 2D COMPONENT

Finite element model
Temperature Distribution
Ex. No: 09
CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF A 2D COMPONENT

Ex. No: 10
HARMONIC
ANALYSIS OF BEAMS
[Simply Supported, Cantilever, Fixed]
Finite Element Model- Simply Supported Beam
Finite Element Model-Cantilever Beam
Finite Element Model- Fixed Beam
Harmonic Analysis- Simply Supported Beam
Harmonic Analysis-Cantilever Beam
Harmonic Analysis- Fixed Beam
EX NO: 1
Introduction to
ANSYS
This tutorial is designed to provide an overview of ANSYS. It demonstrates how to start

ANSYS,highlights the sections of the graphical user interface that will be referenced in
future tutorials, and
Starting ANSYS:
The ANSYS graphical user interface can be started by selecting the ANSYS icon located in
the ANSYS 8.1 folder.
Selecting the ANSYS icon will take you directly to the graphical user interface.
ANSYS Graphical User Interface:
After starting ANSYS, two windows will appear. The first is the ANSYS 8.1 Output
Window:
This window displays a listing of every command that ANSYS executes. If you encounter
problems, this is agood place to look to see what ANSYS is doing or has done. This is one
location where you will find all of thewarnings and error messages that appear and the
command that generated the warning/error.
The second window is the ANSYS ResearchFS graphical user interface. This is divided
into 4 sections(shownon next page):
1. ANSYS Utility Menu
1
2. ANSYS Toolbar Menu

3. ANSYS Main Menu
4. Display window
Each section will be discussed in further detail below.
ANSYS Utility Menu

Within this menu, you can perform file operations, list and plot items, and change
display options.
File Drop-down Menu

The File drop-down menu includes the options to clear the database, change, resume,
and save the
current model.
List Pull-down Menu

The list pull-down menu allows you to view the log and error files, obtain a listing of
geometric entities,
elements and their properties, nodes, and boundary conditions and loads applied to the
model.
Plot Pull-down Menu

This pull-down menu allows you to plot the various components of the model such as
keypoints, areas,
volumes and elements.
PlotCtrlsPull-Down Menu
This menu includes the controls to pan/zoom/rotate your model, select the numbering
options, change
styles and generate hard copies of the plots.
ANSYS Toolbar
ANSYS Main Menu

The ANSYS Main Menu contains all of the commands to create, mesh, apply loads, solve,
and viewresults of the FE analysis. The Main Menu is divided into sections that
sequentially follow the steps involved inan analysis.
Preprocessor
Solution
Post Processing
RESULT :
Thus the introduction to Ansys software is studied
1.Who should use Finite Element
Analysis?
As a powerful tool for engineering analysis, FEA is used to solve problems ranging from
very simple to very complex. Design engineers use FEA during the product development
process to analyze the design-in-progress. Time constraints and limited availability of
product data call for many simplifications of the analysis models. At the other end of
scale, specialized
analysts implement FEA to solve very advanced problems, such as vehicle crash
dynamics, hydro forming, or air bag deployment. This book focuses on how design
engineers use FEA as a design tool. Therefore, we first need to explain what exactly
distinguishes FEA performed by design engineers from "regular" FEA. We will then
highlight the most essential FEA characteristics for design engineers as opposed to those
for analysts.
2.FEA for Design Engineers: another design tool
For design engineers, FEA is one of many design tools among CAD, Prototypes,
spreadsheets, catalogs, data bases, hand calculations, text books,
etc. that are all used in the design process.
FEA for Design Engineers: based on CAD models
Modern design is conducted using CAD tools, so a CAD model is the starting point for
analysis. Since CAD models are used for describing geometric information for FEA, it is
essential to understand how to design in CAD in order to produce reliable FEA results,
and how a CAD model is different from FEA model.
3. FEA for Design Engineers: concurrent with the design process
Since FEA is a design tool, it should be used concurrently with the design process. It
should keep up with, or better yet, drive the design process. Analysis iterations must be
performed fast, and since these results are used to make design decisions, the results
must be reliable even when limited input is available.
4. Limitations of FEA for Design Engineers
As you can see, FEA used in the design environment must meet high requirements. An
obvious question arises: would it be better to have dedicated specialist perform FEA and
let design engineers do what they do best - design new products? The answer depends
on the size of the business, type of products, company organization and culture, and
many other tangible and intangible factors. A general consensus is that design engineers
should handle relatively simple types of analysis, but do it quickly and of course reliably.
Analyses that are very complex and time consuming cannot be executed concurrently
with the design process, and are usually better handled either by a dedicated analyst or
contracted out to specialized consultants.
EX NO: 2
2D
PLANE STRESS BRACKET
AIM:
To analyse the given bracket for deflection and Stress by treating it as plane
stress condition.
PROBLEM
DESCRIPTION:
This bracket is to be built from a 20 mm thick steel plate. A figure of the plate is
shown below.
This plate will be fixed at the two small holes on the left and have a load applied to the
larger hole on the right.
Defining the Basic Geometry
We are going to create this geometry using Boolean operations. These procedures make
it easy to combine simple geometric entities to create more complex bodies. Begin by
creating a planar rectangular area and then add other areas to modify it. Start with,
ANSYS Main Menu -> Preprocessor -> (-Modeling-) Create -> (-Areas-)
Rectangle -> By 2 Corners.
Enter the parameters in the dialog box
This creates a 80 by 100 rectangle with its origin at (0,0). Now create circular end on the
right hand side.
Close the Rectangle menu and open up the Circle Menu.
Select Solid Circle and fill it
Also create a second and third circle for the left hand side, One more thing to define...
we need a rectangle on the left hand end to fill between the two small circles.
Boolean Operations
We now want to add these five discrete areas together to form one area.
Back up to the Preprocessor menu and select Operate.
Then select (-Booleans-) Add -> Areas. A dialogue box then appears.
Now click on all five areas. Before pressing OK in the dialogue box, check to see that the
count parameter in the dialogue box is 5 (indicating 5 selected areas). If this not the
case, try again.
Once OK is pressed, some processing takes place and finally one large area is plotted.
The Bolt Holes
We now want to remove the bolt holes from this plate.
Back up to Preprocessor and select (-Modeling-) Create -> (-Areas-) Circle -> Solid
Circle.
9
We will now create three circles
with the parameters
Again back up to the Preprocessor menu.
Now select (-Modeling-) Operate -> (-Booleans-) Subtract -> Areas.
Notice in the ANSYS Input window, that it is instructing you to pick or enter base areas
from which to subtract.
For our example, the base area is the first large plate that we created. Select it.
Then click OK.
Elements and Meshing
Now that the area has been defined, it is time to select the element type, its associated
properties and finally, mesh the area.
Once again, back up to the Preprocessor menu.
At the top of the menu, select Element Type -> Add/Edit/Delete...
In the dialog box that appears, hit the Add... button.
From this dialog box, you can select from a wide range of elements that are listed in
various groups. Use the scroll bars to take a look at the groupings.
For our problem, select solid (under the Structural heading) and the quad 82 element,
We will now assign some properties to the element.
Close up the Element Types window and once again back up to the Preprocessor menu.
Select Real Constants... and click the Add... button followed by the OK button.
In the thickness field, enter 20 (i.e. 20 mm).
The Meshing Process
The element properties are now defined. It is time to mesh the region.
Select (-Meshing-) Shape & Size -> Global Elem Size....
In the Size field enter the number 5. This indicates that the element edge length is to
have a nominal size of 5 mm.
Select (-Meshing-) Mesh ->Areas ....
Loads and Constraints
Now that the geometry has been defined, it is time to apply the loads and constraints to
the body and finally solve the problem.
To start this next stage, we need to back up to the ANSYS Main Menu.
Select Solution -> (-Analysis Type-)New Analysis .... Make sure that the type of analysis
is set to Static.
Click on OK.
We will now apply the constraints.,load
Solution
Before proceeding, well will plot the elements again (Plot -> Elements from the ANSYS
Utility Menu).
Post-Processing: Viewing the Results
In the Plot Results menu, select (-Contour Plot-) Nodal Solu....
Click the Stress field and then scroll down the right hand box to find von Mises SEQV.
RESULT:
Maximum Deflection :
Minimum Stress
:
Maximum Stress
:
1. Name the variational methods.

1. Ritz method
2. Rayleigh Ritz method
2. Name the weighted residual methods.
10
1.
2.
3.
4.
Point collocation method
Sub-domain collocation method
Least squares method
Galerkins method.
3. What is Raleigh Ritz method?

Rayleigh-Ritz method is an integral method which is useful for solving complex structural
problems, encountered in finite element analysis. This method is possible only if a
suitable functional is available.
4. What is meant by discretisation and assembly?
The art of sub dividing the structure into a convenient number of smaller components is
known as discretisation. The smaller components are put together and this process of
combining all the elements together is known as assemblage.
5. What is aspects ratio?
Aspect ratio is the ratio of the largest dimension of the element to the smallest
dimension of the element. In many cases, if the aspect ratio increases the inaccuracy of
the solution increases. The aspect ratio should be close to unity as for as possible.
6. What is meant by finite element analysis?
A finite element method is a numerical method for solving problems of engineering and
mathematical physics. In this method, instead of solving the problem for the entire body
in one operation, we formulate equations for each element and combine them to obtain
the solution for the whole body.
7. What are the types of boundary condition?
There are two types of boundary condition. They are:
1. Primary boundary condition
2. Secondary boundary condition
8. What are the methods generally associated with the finite element analysis?
Force method and Displacement or stiffness method are the two methods.
9. Explain force method.
In force method, internal forces are considered as unknowns of the problem. In
displacement or stiffness method, the displacements are considered as unknowns of the
problem. Among the two methods , displacement method is desirable.
10. Why polynomial type of interpolation functions are mostly used due to the
following reasons:
1. It is easy to formulate and computerize the finite element equations
2. It is easy to perform differentiation or integration
3. The accuracy of the results can be improved by increasing the order of the
polynomial.
11
EX NO: 3
ANALYSIS
OF CORNER BRACKET
AIM:
A simple static analysis of the corner bracket to control, if the bracket will yield under
loading.
PROBLEM DECRIPTION:
The dimensions of the corner bracket are given below. The bracket is made of steel with
a Young's modulus of E=205 GPa (GPa = 109 N/m2) and the Poisson's ratio of 0.27 and
a yield stress, including a safety factor, of 400 MPa.
We will assume plane state of stress, (plane stress is a state of stress in which the
normal and shear stress perpendicular to the plane is assumed to be zero).
Preprocessing
Define element types and options
Add..an element type Quad 8 node 82 element
Plane stress w/thk (with thickness)
Defining real constants, Define material properties
Modeling
Apply displacement constraints, Apply pressure load
Solve
Postprocessing
Result
Plot the deformed shape, Plot the von Mises equivalent stress, List reaction solution
12
1. What are h and p versions
of finite element method?
In h version, the order of the polynomial approximation for all elements is kept
constant and the number of elements increased.
In p version the number of elements is maintained constant and the order of polynomial
approximation of element is increased.
2. Name
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
any four FEA softwares.

Ansys
NASTRAN
COSMOS
NISA
ABAQUS
3. Differentiate between global and local axes.

Local axes are established in an element, they change with change in orientation of the
element. The direction differs from element to element.
Global axes are defined for the entire system. They have the same direction for all the
elements even though the elements are differently oriented.
4. List the Advantages of Finite Element Method
1. FEM can handle irregular geometry in a convenient manner.
2. Handles general load conditions without difficulty
3. Non homogeneous materials can be handled easily.
4. Higher order elements may be implemented.
5.List the Disadvantages of Finite Element Method
1. It requires a digital computer and fairly extensive
2. It requires longer execution time compared with FEM.
3. Output result will vary considerably.
6. What are the Applications of Finite Element Analysis?
Structural Problems:
1. Stress analysis including truss and frame analysis
2. Stress concentration problems typically associated with holes, fillets or other
changes in geometry in a body.
3. Buckling Analysis: Example: Connecting rod subjected to axial compression.
4. Vibration Analysis: Example: A beam subjected to different types of loading.
Non - Structural Problems:
1. Heat Transfer analysis:
Example: Steady state thermal analysis on composite cylinder.
2. Fluid flow analysis:
Example: Fluid flow through pipes.
7. State the methods of engineering analysis.
There are three methods of engineering analysis. They are
1. Experimental Method
2. Analytical Method
3. Numerical Method (or) Approximate Method
8. What is meant by node or joint?
Each kind of finite element has a specific structural shear and is interconnected
with the adjacent element by node points (or) nodes. At the nodes, degrees of freedom
are located. The forces will act at nodes and not at any other place in the element.
9. What is Structural and non-structural problems?
Structural Problems
In structural problems, displacement at each nodal point is obtained. By using these
displacement solutions, stress and strain in each element can be calculated.
Non-Structural Problems:
13
In Non-Structural problems,www.Vidyarthiplus.com
temperature or fluid pressure at each nodal point is
obtained. By using these values, properties such as heat flow, fluid flow, etc., for each
element can be calculated.
10. What is the difference b/w static and dynamic analysis?
Static Analysis:
The solution of the problem does not vary with time is known as static analysis.
Example: stress analysis on a beam.
Dynamic Analysis:
the solution of the problem varies with time is known as dynamic analysis.
Example: Vibration analysis problems.
11. What do you meant by constitutive law?
For a finite element, the stress-strain relations are expressed as follows:
De
Where, = Stress
e = Strain
D = Stress Strain Relationship matrix or Constitutive matrix.
14
EX. No 4
STRESS ANALYSIS
OF A PLATE WITH A CIRCULAR HOLE.
AIM:
Consider the square plate of uniform thickness with a circular hole with dimensions
shown in the figure below. The thickness of the plate is 1 mm. The Young's modulus E
=107 MPa and the Poisson ratio is 0.3. A uniform pressure p=1 MPa acts on the
boundary of the hole. Assume that plane stress conditions prevail. The stress and
displacement fields are to be determined using ANSYS.
Main Menu > Preprocessor> Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete > Add...
Pick Structural Solid in the left field and Quad 4 node 42
Specify Element Constants
Specify material properties
Create the Square
Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling >Create > Areas >Rectangle > By Dimensions
Create the Circular Sector
Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas > Circle > Partial Annulus
Subtract Circular Sector from Square
Main Menu > Preprocessor >Modeling > Operate > Booleans > Subtract > Areas
Apply Pressure
Main Menu > Preprocessor > Loads > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Pressure >
On Lines
Check Loads
Utility Menu > List > Loads > DOF constraints > On All Lines
Solve
Postprocess the Results
Animate the deformation:
Plot Nodal Solution of von Mises Stress
Exit ANSYS
Utility Menu > File > Exit
Results:
Animate The deformation
Von Mises stress
15
1. What are the types loading
acting on a structure?
There are three type of loading acting on a structure. They are,
1. Body force (f)
2. Traction force (T)
3. Point load (P)
2. Define body force.
A body force is distributed force acting on every elemental volume of the body.
Unit: force per unit volume
3. Define traction force.
Traction force is defined as distributed force acting on the surface of the body.
Unit: Force per unit area
Examples: Frictional resistance, viscous
4. What is a point load?
Point load is load acting at a particular point which causes displacement.
5. What are the basic steps involved in the finite element modeling.
Finite element modeling consists of the following:
1. Discretisation of the structure
2. Numbering of the nodes.
6. What are the classifications of the co-ordinates?
The co-ordinates are generally classified as ,
1. Global co-coordinates
2. Local Co-ordinates
3. Natural co-ordinates
7. What are natural co-ordinates?
A natural co-ordinate system is used to define any point inside the element by a set of
dimensionless numbers, whose magnitude never exceeds unity. This system is useful in
assembling of stiffness matrices.
8. Define shape function.
In finite element method, field variables within an element are generally expressed by
the following approximate relation:
( x, y ) N1 ( x, y )1 N 2 ( x, y )2 N 3 ( x, y )3
where 1 , 2 , 3 are the values of the field variable at the nodes and N 1 N2 N3 are
interpolation function N1 N2 N3 are called shape functions because they are used to
express the geometry or shape of the element.
9. What are the characteristics of shape function?
The characteristics of the shape functions are follows:
16
1. The shape function has unit
value at one nodal point and zero value at the other
nodes.
2. The sum of the shape function is equal to one.
10. Why polynomials are generally used as shape function?
Polynomials are generally used as shape functions due to the following reasons:
1. Differentiation and integration of polynomials are quite easy.
2. The accuracy of the results can be improved by increasing the order of the
polynomial.
3. It is easy to formulate and computerize the finite element equations.
17
EX NO: 5
ANALYSIS
OF BEAM WITH DISTRIBUTED LOAD
AIM:
A distributed load of 1000 N/m (1 N/mm) will be applied to a solid steel beam with a
rectangular cross section as shown in the figure below. The cross-section of the beam is
10mm x 10mm while the modulus of elasticity of the steel is 200GPa. Find reaction,
deflection and stresses in beam.
Create Keypoints
Preprocessor
>
Modeling
>
Create
>Keypoints>
In
Active
CS
Define Lines
Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Lines > Lines > Straight Line
Define Element Types
Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete...
Define Real Constants
Preprocessor > Real Constants... > Add...
Define Element Material Properties
Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Structural > Linear > Elastic >
Isotropic
Define Mesh Size
Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls>ManualSize> Lines > All Lines...
Mesh the frame
Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh > Lines > click 'Pick All'
Plot Elements
Utility Menu > Plot > Elements
Solution:
Define Analysis Type
Solution
>
Analysis
Type
>
New
Analysis
>
Static
ANTYPE,0
Apply Constraints
Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Keypoints
Apply Loads
Select Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Pressure > On Beams
Solve the System
Solution
>
Solve
>
Current
LS
Plot Deformed Shape
General
Postproc>
Plot
Results
>
Deformed
Shape
Plot Principle stress distribution
Select General Postproc> Element Table > Define Table
enter 'SMAXI' in the 'User Label for Item' section
'By sequence num', select 'NMISC, ' 1
Select: General Postproc> Plot Results > Line Elem Res...
Select 'SMAXI' from the 'LabI' pull down menu and 'SMAXJ' from the 'LabJ' pull down
menu
18
RESULT:
Maximum Deflection
Minimum Stress
Maximum Stress
Bending Moment Diagram
:
:
:
:
1. Give the expression for element stiffness matrix.

T
Stiffness matrix [K] = [ B ] [ D][ B ] dv

v
Where, [B] matrix is a strain displacement matrix

[D] matrix is stress, strain relationship matrix
2. Write down the expression of stiffness matrix for one dimensional element
bar element.
AE 1 1
Stiffness matrix [K] =
L 1 1
Where, A is the area of the bar element
E is the youngs modulus of the bar element
L is the length of the bar element
3.State the properties of a stiffness matrix.
The properties of the stiffness matrix [K] are,
1. It is a symmetric matrix
2. The sum of the elements in any column must be equal to zero.
3. It is an unstable element, so the determinant is equal to zero.
4.State the principle of minimum potential energy.
The total potential energy of an elastic body is defined as the sum of total strain
energyU and the potential energy of the external forces, (W)
5.Distinguish between essential boundary condition and natural boundary
condition.
There are two types of boundary conditions. They are,
1. Primary boundary condition (or) essential boundary condition:
The boundary condition which in terms of the field variables is known as
primaryboundary condition
2. Secondary boundary condition or natural boundary condition:
The boundary conditions which are in the differential form of field variables is known
assecondary boundary condition.
6.What are the difference between boundary value problem and initial value
problem?
The solution of differential equation obtained for physical problems which satisfies
somespecified conditions known as boundary conditions.
If the solution of differential equation is obtained together with initial conditions then it
isknown as initial value problem.
If the solution of differential equation is obtained together with boundary conditions
thenit is known as boundary value problem.
19
EX NO: 6
TWO DIMENSIONAL
ANALYSIS OF FRAME
AIM:
To analyze the give frame model for Deflections, stress and Bending Moment.
Problem Description:
The simplified version that will be used for this problem is that of a cantilever beam
shown in the following figure
Procedure:
Preprocessor.
Define the element types Pipe 16
Define Geometric Element
Outer Diameter :25
Wall Thickness :2
Material Properties
Isotropic
E = 700000 MPa.
PRXY = 0.33
Define Key Points
Create Lines.
Apply Constraints
Post Processor:
Plot Deflection, Stresses, Bending Moment Diagram.
RESULT:
Maximum Deflection:
Minimum Stress
:
Maximum Stress
:
Bending Moment Diagram
20
1. What are two dimensional
elements?
Two dimensional elements are defined by three or more nodes in a two dimensional
plane (i.e., x, y plane). The basic element useful for two dimensional analysis is the
triangular element.
2. What is a CST element?

Three nodded triangular element is known as constant strain triangular element. It has 6
unknown degrees of freedom called u1, v1, u2, v2, u3, v3. The element is called
CSTbecause it has constant strain throughout it.
3. What is LST element?
Six nodded triangular element is known as Linear Strain Triangular element. It has 12
unknown displacement degrees of freedom. The displacement function for the element
are quadratic instead of linear as in the CST.
4. What is a QST element?
Ten nodded triangular element is known as Quadratic Strain Triangle.
5. What is meant by plane stress analysis?
It is defined to be a state of stress in which the normal stress () and shear stress ( )
directed perpendicular to the plane are assumed to be zero.
6. Define plane strain.
It is defined to be a state of strain in which the normal to the xy plane and the shear
strain are assumed to be zero.
7. Write the displacement function for a CST element.
u ( x, y ) N1
u
v
(
x
,
y
)
N2
N3
N1
N2
Where N1, N2 and N3 are shape functions.
21
u1
v
1
0 u2

N 3 v2
u3

v3
EX NO: 7
MODAL ANALYSIS
OF A CANTILEVER BEAM
AIM:
To find the various modes of frequencies for the given cantilever beam.
PROBLEM DESCRIPTION:
Preprocessing: Defining the Problem

Solution: Assigning Loads and Solving
Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > Modal
ANTYPE,2
Set options for analysis type:
Select: Solution > Analysis Type > Analysis Options..
select the Subspace method and enter 5 in the 'No. of modes to extract'
Check the box beside 'Expand mode shapes' and enter 5 in the 'No. of modes to expand'
Apply Constraints
Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Keypoints
Fix Keypoint 1 (ie all DOFs constrained).
Solve the System
Solution > Solve > Current LS
SOLVE
Postprocessing: Viewing the Results
Verify extracted modes against theoretical predictions
Select: General Postproc> Results Summary...
View Mode Shapes
Animate Mode Shapes
Select Utility Menu (Menu at the top) > Plot Ctrls> Animate > Mode Shape
Results:
Frequency of Mode Shapes:
22
1.Write down the Gaussianwww.Vidyarthiplus.com

quadrature expression for numerical integration.
Gaussian quadrature expression,
1
f ( x ) x wi f ( xi )
i 1
Where wi is the weight function

f(xi) is the value of the function at pre-determined sampling points.
2. Define super parametric element.
If the number of nodes for defining the geometry is more than the number of nodes
usedfor defining the displacements is known as super parametric element.
3. What is meant by sub parametric element?
If the number of nodes used for defining the geometry is less than the number of
noddedused for defining the displacements is known as sub parametric element.
4. What is meant by iso parametric element?
If the number of nodes used for defining the geometry is same as number of nodes
usedfor defining the displacements then it is called iso parametric element.
23
EX NO: 8
AIM:
MODAL ANALYSIS
OF A 2D COMPONENT
To find the various modes of frequencies for the given 2D component.
PROBLEMDESCRIPTION:
20.0
40.0
200.0
Preprocessing: Defining the Problem

Solution: Assigning Loads and Solving
Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > Modal
ANTYPE,2
select the Subspace method and enter 5 in the 'No. of modes to extract'
Check the box beside 'Expand mode shapes' and enter 5 in the 'No. of modes to expand'
Apply Constraints
Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Lines
Fix line (ie all DOFs constrained).
Solve the System
SOLVE
Postprocessing: Viewing the Results
Verify extracted modes against theoretical predictions
Select: General Postproc> Results Summary...
View Mode Shapes
Animate Mode Shapes
Select Utility Menu (Menu at the top) > Plot Ctrls> Animate > Mode Shape
Results:
Frequency of Mode Shapes:
24
1. Write a strain displacement
matrix for CST element.
Strain displacement equation for CST element is,
q1
1
B 0
2A
r1
Where, A = Area of the element
q1 = y2-y3
q2= y3-y1
q3= y1-y2
0
r1
q1
q1
0
r2
0
r2
q2
r1 = x3-x2
q1
0
r3
0
r3
q3
r2= x1-x3
r3= x2-x1
2. Write down the stress strain relationship matrix for plane stress condition.
For plane stress problems, stress strain relationship matrix is,
1
0
1
0
D
1 2
1
0 0
2
Where, E = youngs modulus
= Poissons ratio
3. Write down the stress-strain relationship matrix for plane strain condition.
For plane strain problems, stress strain relationship matrix is,
(1 )
E
(1 )
0
D

(1 )(1 2 )
(1 2 )
0
0
2
4.Write down the stiffness matrix equation for two dimensional CST element.
Stiffness matrix
K B D B At
T
Where, [B] is the strain displacement matrix

[D] is the stress-strain matrix
A is the area of the element
t is the thickness of the element
5. Write down the expression for the shape function for a constant area
triangular element.
For CST element,
Shape function,
N1
Where,
p3 q3 r3 y
p1 q1 r1 y
p2 q2 r2 y
N
, 2
, 3
2A
2A
2A
p1 x2 y3 x3 y2 , p2 x3 y1 x1 y3 , p3 x1 y2 x2 y1
6. Give the stiffness matrix equation for an axi-symmetric triangular element.

25
K 2 rA B D B
T
r1 r2 r3
3
26
EX NO:9
HARMONIC ANALYSIS
OF A CANTILEVER BEAM
AIM:
To conduct a harmonic forced response test by applying a cyclic load (harmonic)

at theend of the beam.
The frequency of the load will be varied from 1 - 100 Hz. The figure below depicts
the beam with the application of the load.
The simple cantilever beam is used in all of the Harmonic Analysis
SOLUTION:
Define 1. Analysis Type (Harmonic)
Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > Harmonic
ANTYPE,3
The following window will appear
As shown, select the Full Solution method, the Real + imaginary DOF printout
format anddo not use lumped mass approx.Click 'OK'
The following window will appear. Use the default settings (shown below).Apply
Constraints
Select Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Nodes
The following window will appear once you select the node at x=0 (Note small
changes in thewindow compared to the static examples):
Constrain all DOF as shown in the above window
Apply Loads:
Select Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Force/Moment > On
NodesSelect the node at x=1 (far right)
The following window will appear. Fill it in as shown to apply a load with a real
value of 100and an imaginary value of 0 in the positive 'y' direction
Set the frequency range
27
Select Solution > Loadwww.Vidyarthiplus.com

Step Opts > Time/Frequency >Freq and Substps...
As shown in the window below, specify a frequency range of 0 - 100Hz, 100
substeps and
steppedb.c..
SOLVE
Open the TimeHist Processing (POST26) Menu
Select TimeHistPostpro from the ANSYS Main Menu.
1.Define Variables
In here we have to define variables that we want to see plotted. By default,
Variable 1 isassigned either Time or Frequency. In our case it is assigned Frequency. We
want to see thedisplacement UY at the node at x=1, which is node #2. (To get a list of
nodes and theirattributes, select Utility Menu > List > nodes).
Select TimeHistPostpro> Variable Viewer... and the following window should
popup.
Select Add (the green '+' sign in the upper left corner) from this window and
thefollowing window should appear
We are interested in the Nodal Solution > DOF Solution > Y-Component
ofdisplacement. Click OK.
Graphically select node 2 when prompted and click OK. The 'Time History
Variables'window should now look as follows
Result:
Plot the amplitude vs displacement
1. Is beam element an iso parametric element?

Beam element is not an iso parametric element since geometry and displacements
aredefined by different interpolation functions.
2. Define Quasi static response.
When the excitations are varying slowly with time then it is called quasi static response.
3. What is HRZ Lumping scheme.
28
The essential idea in this
scheme is to simply use only diagonal elements of the
consistentmass matrix but to scale them in such a way that total mass of the element is
preserved.
4. Give the consistent mass matrix for bar element:
Al 2 1
e
m
6 1 2
5. Give the consistent mass matrix for Beam
N1
N
e
m Al N2 N1
3
0

N4
l
N2
N3
N 4 dx
6. State the methods of solution to eigen value problems.

There are essentially three groups of methods of solution of eigen value problems.
i) Characteristic polynomial technique
ii) Transformation based method
iii) Vector iteration based method
29
EX NO: 10a
PLATE
AIM:
2D CONDUCTION
ANALYSIS OF A RECTANGULAR
To analyze the given rectangular plate for temperature distribution.
Thermal conductivity of the plate, KXX=10 W/m*C

Preprocessing:
Define element type: Preprocessor -> Element Type -> Add/Edit/Delete
Thermal Solid, and Quad 4node 55
Define Material Properties:
Enter 10 for KXX (thermal conductivity),
KXX is the only material property needed for this analysis.
Create a rectangular area:
Mesh the rectangle to create nodes and elements.
Preprocessor -> Meshing -> Mesh -> Areas -> Mapped -> 3 or 4 Sided
Solution:
Apply temperatures around the edges:
Solution -> Define Loads-> Apply -> Thermal-> Temperature -> On Lines
Solution -> Define Loads-> Apply -> Thermal-> Temperature -> On
Keypoints
Solve the problem:
Solution ->-Solve -> Current LS
Postprocessing:
Plot the temperature distribution:
General Postproc -> Plot Results -> Contour Plot-> Nodal Solution
Temperature Distribution Color Contour Plot.
List the locations of the selected nodes.
List the temperatures at each of these nodes.
General Postproc -> List Results -> Nodal Solution
Results:
Temperature Distribution at nodes :
30
EX NO: 10b
PLATE
AIM:
CONDUCTION
ANALYSIS OF
RECTANGULAR
To analyze the given rectangular plate for temperature distribution.
Thermal conductivity of the plate, KXX=401 W/(m-K)

Preprocessing:
Define element type: Preprocessor -> Element Type -> Add/Edit/Delete
Thermal Solid, and Quad 4node 55
Define Material Properties:
Enter 401 for KXX (thermal conductivity),
KXX is the only material property needed for this analysis.
Create a rectangular area:
Mesh the rectangle to create nodes and elements.
Preprocessor -> Meshing -> Mesh -> Areas -> Mapped -> 3 or 4 Sided
Solution:
Apply temperatures around the edges:
Solution -> Define Loads-> Apply -> Thermal-> Temperature -> On Lines
Solution -> Define Loads-> Apply -> Thermal-> Temperature -> On
Keypoints
Solve the problem:
Solution ->-Solve -> Current LS
Postprocessing:
Plot the temperature distribution:
General Postproc -> Plot Results -> Contour Plot-> Nodal Solution
Temperature Distribution Color Contour Plot.
Select nodes along the plate center (x=5 meters).
List the locations of the selected nodes.
List the temperatures at each of these nodes.
General Postproc -> List Results -> Nodal Solution
Results:
Temperature Distribution at nodes :
31
1.
Write down the stiffness
matrix equation for two dimensional CST
element.
Stiffness matrix
K B D B At
T
Where, [B] is the strain displacement matrix

[D] is the stress-strain matrix
A is the area of the element
t is the thickness of the element
2. Write down the expression for the shape function for a constant
area triangular element.
For CST element,
Shape function,
N1
p q r y
p1 q1 r1 y
p q2 r2 y
N2 2
N3 3 3 3
2A
2A
2A
,
,
Where,
p1 x2 y3 x3 y2 , p2 x3 y1 x1 y3 , p3 x1 y2 x2 y1
3. Give the stiffness matrix equation for an axi-symmetric

triangular element.
K 2 rA B D B
T
r1 r2 r3
3
f(xi) is the value of the function at pre-determined sampling points.
32
EX NO: 11 ANALYSIS Thermal
- Mixed Boundary
(Conduction/Convection/Insulated)
AIM:
To determine the nodal temperature distribution and create contour plot.
Problem Description:
We assume that our block is a rectangle made entirely of steel.
All units are S.I.
Preprocessing:
1. Start ANSYS.
2. Create areas.
3. Define the material properties.
4. Define element type. (Quad 4node 55 element, which is a 2-D element
for heat transfer analysis.)
5. Specify meshing controls / Mesh the areas to create nodes and
elements.
Solution:
6. Specify boundary conditions.
7. Solve.
Postprocessing:
8. Plot the temperature distribution.
9. Exit the ANSYS program, saving all data.
Results:
Nodal temperature distribution
Contour Plot:
33
1. Define super parametric
element.
If the number of nodes for defining the geometry is more than the
number of nodes used for defining the displacements is known as super
parametric element.
2. What is meant by sub parametric element?

If the number of nodes used for defining the geometry is less than the
number of nodded used for defining the displacements is known as sub
parametric element.
3. What is meant by iso parametric element?
If the number of nodes used for defining the geometry is same as number
of nodes used for defining the displacements then it is called iso
parametric element.
4.Write down the element level heat transfer equation for bar
element with heatconduction.
5.What is the purpose of Iso parametric elements?

It is difficult to represent the curved boundaries by straight edges finite
elements. A largenumber of finite elements may be used to obtain
reasonable resemblance betweenoriginal body and assemblage. In order
to overcome this drawback, iso parametricelements are used i.e for
problems involving curved boundaries, a family of elementsknown as iso
parametric elements are used.
34
ME 2404 Computer Aided Simulation & Analysis Laboratory
35

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Record Note Book

ME 2404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS

NAME OF THE STUDENT : ___________________

SRI MUTHUKUMARAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SRI MUTHUKUMARAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Certified that this is a bonafide record of work done by the

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Name of the Exercise

STRESS ANALYSIS OF A PLATE WITH A CIRCULAR HOLE

Von Mises Stress Distribution

MODE FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF A 2D COMPONENT

Finite Element Model

STRESS ANALYSIS OF L BRACKET

Von Mises Stress Distribution

STRESS ANALYSIS OF AN AXISYMMETRIC COMPONENT

Finite Element Model

Von Mises Stress Distribution

[Simply Supported, Cantilever, Fixed]

Simply Supported Beam Bending moment

Simply Supported Beam Deflection

Simply Supported Beam Shear Force

Simply Supported Beam Eccentric Load

Simply Supported Beam Bending moment

Simply Supported Beam Deflection

Simply Supported Beam Shear Force

Cantilever Free End Load

Cantilever Bending moment

Cantilever Shear Force

Cantilever Bending moment

Cantilever Shear Force

Fixed Beam Center Load

www.Vidyarthiplus.com Fixed Beam Deflection

Fixed Beam Bending moment

Fixed Beam Shear Force

Fixed Beam Eccentric Load

Fixed Beam Deflection

Fixed Beam Bending moment

Fixed Beam Shear Force

Cantilever Beam - UDL

www.Vidyarthiplus.com Cantilever Beam - Bending moment

Fixed Beam- UDL

Fixed Beam - Bending momen

Finite Element Model

CONDUCTIVE HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF A 2D COMPONENT

Finite element model

CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF A 2D COMPONENT

Finite element model

Finite Element Model- Simply Supported Beam

Finite Element Model-Cantilever Beam

Finite Element Model- Fixed Beam

Harmonic Analysis- Simply Supported Beam

Harmonic Analysis-Cantilever Beam

Harmonic Analysis- Fixed Beam

This tutorial is designed to provide an overview of ANSYS. It demonstrates how to start

2. ANSYS Toolbar Menu

Each section will be discussed in further detail below.

ANSYS Utility Menu

File Drop-down Menu

List Pull-down Menu

Plot Pull-down Menu

ANSYS Main Menu

1. Name the variational methods.