Photography

What is Aperture?
Dependant on what you want to focus on will determine your aperture. It
determines the size of hole i.e small hole small amount of light. Large
hole large amount of light.
Each lens identified by the f. stop number. (Divisible by 1:1.4 on the
example)
Large f. stop (number) = small hole therefore small amount of light.
Smaller numbers need more glass therefore more expensive to produce.
ISO, Shutter speed, Aperture has to be correct for scene you are
photographing. Need to control all of these to get the correct exposure.
F Stop = measure of light. (stop because you stopped every aperture
on old cameras)
NB
For Wide depth of field;
= wide (or big) amount of light, bigger number, big (fast) speed.
For Narrow depth of field;
= narrow (or small) amount of light, smaller number, small (slow)
speed.
Sequence of numbers which need to be memorised:
1.2 (largest amount of light)
1.4
2.0
2.8 (twice as dark as 2.0) etc.
4.0/5.6/8.0/11/16/22 (smaller amounts of light as number increases)
These numbers represent the smaller the lens to the actual outside of
camera.
In Practice:
50mm lens with wide 1.4 aperture. Image softens because background
blurs more than with 5.6. Closer to subject narrows depth of focus.
Group shots need wider depth of field and larger f stop.
ISO International Standards Organisation
Image sensitivity ranges higher number = easier for camera to receive
light. i.e. 800 very sensitive (for low light levels) But grainier looking =
more noise.

Photography
Aperture priority modes
Auto =
P= programme
AV= gives you automatic shutter speed AV means aperture value.
M= All manual
B =Bulb open as long as you press shutter down.
Aperture is great for exploring depth of field and shooting in low light.
Tripods
This frees up your hands = stabilises the background.
Shutter Speed
Adjust this to stabilise your shot. This freezes or blurs action depending
on setting.
Apertures side effect is on the blur of the background.
High f stop = shutter speed goes down if you have camera on AV setting.
Therefore, have to change the shutter speed to high or fast. F22 and
1/100th. ISO goes down. Therefore, need to also change the ISO higher
to 1600.
Therefore, need High f stop (small aperture), high speed, high ISO. This
freezes movement.
Aperture 2.8, sensitivity 200, speed 1.1:1000 therefore, background is
blurred, but subject in focus.
Portraits need to be taken in portrait orientation.
Move closer to the subject and background will become more blurred.
Reflectors
Reflect natural or artificial light onto the subjects face. White is colour
neutral so if you use a white reflector it will reflect back the natural light.
If you use gold it will change the reflected light back. Use this in summer
because there is a lot of brightness and colour around.
Some come with tripod mounts. Cheap on Ebay!
Black is for reducing reflected light, creating shadow, also removing
reflected light e.g someone standing nearby in white clothing.
Strobox website
Portrait, natural light, search = people put pictures up and how they did
it. Website is a bit hit and miss in terms of search facility i.e. sometimes
no flash pics contain flash.This shows roughly how pics are done. Read
the text because it is helpful.

Photography
Assignment
4 pictures:
1 portrait: narrow depth of field and 1 wide depth of field.
1 landscape: narrow depth of field and 1 wide depth of field.