Applications of Partial

Differential Equation
Submitted to

AMITY INSTITUTE OF APPLIED

SCIENCES

Guided By:
By
Mrs. Sonam kaul
Kumar Roy
Department of Mathematics
Mathematics (3-sem)

Submitted

Ankit

B.Sc Hons

AIAS
A4455615035

Enroll. No.:

Amity University, Uttar Pradesh

35

Roll No.:

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr. Ankit Kumar Roy,
student of B.Sc.(H) in Mathematics has carried
out the work presented in the project of the
Seminar entitled " Applications Of Partial
Differential Equation " as a part of second year
program of Bachelor of Science in Mathematics
from Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity
University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh under my
supervision.

(Mrs. Sonam kaul)

Department of Mathematics
Amity Institute of Applied Sciences

Amity University, Uttar Pradesh

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I bestow a deep sense of gratitude to
my guide, teachers, and friends, who
accompanied me in the completion
of the project, with their very
valuable time and suggestions.

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project work

entitled " Applications Of Partial Differential
Equation" submitted to the Amity institute of
applied sciences is record of the original
work done by me under the guidance of Mrs.
Sonam Kaul. I further declare that the work
reported in this project has not been
submitted and will not be submitted either
in part or full for the award of any other
degree or diploma in this institute or any
other institute or university.

ANKIT
KUMAR ROY
(SIGNATURE OF THE
CANDIDATE)

Contents
CHAPTER 1- HEAT EQUATIONS

1.1 PHYSICAL DERIVATION

1.2- BOUNDARY CONDITION
1.3- INITIAL BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS
1.4- NON-DIMENSIONALIZATION
1.5- SEPERATION OF VARIABLES
1.6- X(x) [SOLUTION]
1.7- T(x) [SOLUTION]
1.8- FULL SOLUTION u(x,t)
1.9-2D & 3D HEAT EQUATION
1.10- DIVERGENCE THEOREM
1.11- FOURIERS LAW OF HEAT CONDUCTION
1.12- HEAT EQUATION EXAMPLES

REFERENCES

Chapter 1. HEAT
EQUATION
1D heat equation
1.1 Physical Derivation

1.2

BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

Boundary Conditions (BC): The

temperature of the rod gets altered by the

happenings at the ends, y =0, l. A few conditions
are ascribed at the boundaries, as they serve as
gates for the intake and egress of energy.
In case of a string the condition v (0, x) =0 is a
valid consideration, in which it is fixed at the
terminal point(y = 0).

1.3 I.B.V.P (Initia1 b0undary va1ue

prob1ems):-

In pursuit of extrapolating one/ many solutions,

we have to specify a few initial boundary
conditions. Thus, at some time x, temperature is
described on all the points of the rod.
An initial condition describes the v at initial time

x(0) x(0) = 0.

1.4Non-Dimensionalization
For making the solution substantial and exact,
we assort as many constants together as
possible.
Characteristic length- L ,which is taken 1
Characteristic Time-T
Characteristic Temperature- U

The above described variables are dimensionless.

Range of x is from 0 to 1

Substituting these into the Heat Eqn

We choose T = L2/= l2/, so that

The characteristic time scale in the above

question is T = l2/. For disparate substances,
the substitution renders time scale over which
diffusion takes place in the problem. IC and BC
should also be non- dimensionalised.

1.5 Separation of variables

Take pertinent partial derivatives:

ut = uxx, renders

Clearly, the LHS is dependent only on t and the

RHS is only dependent on x; therefore, as t
varies and x remains fixed, the RHS is a constant
quantity..

In case of t> 0,
BCs become,

If we take T (t)=0 , it would fetch u =0 for all

space as well as time (known as the trivial
solution), which gratifies IC only if f (x) = 0. f
(x)= 0 makes 0 the solution.
In case f(x) 0; x is in range 0 and 1

1.6 X(x) [SOLUTION]

The solution of the above equation-

1.7 T (t)[SOLUTION]
We extrapolated non-trivial solutions for =
n22 (for all non- zero integers n), when we
solved for X(x).T (t) equation-

1.8 Full solution u(x,t)

The principle of superposition is applied, when

the solutions are ul, u2 ; consequently, (a1u1 +
a2u2) is also a solution, for any constants a1, a2.
Solving for IC
We require all the solutions (un), and, then, we
fabricate the infinite sum

In 2 dimensional space the orthogonality of the

function sin (nx) shares an analogy with the
orthogonality of the unit vectors (x, and y).
Solving for the BnsWe multiply each side by sin(mx), and integrate
from 0 to1:

Complete solution:

1.9 2D and 3D Heat Equation

1.10 Divergence Theorem

Considering any vo1ume (V)

Let A be any smooth function (Surface(S) is

smooth, and closed)

By divergence theorem

As the integrand is considered continuous, the

integrand is zero everywhere

1.11 Heat Conduction (Fouriers

1aw)
Its 3 Dimensional generalized form is-

K0 is known as thermal diffusivity

--eq 1

Eq. (1) is the non-dimensional Heat Equation

1.12 HEAT EQUATION EXAMPLES

REFERENCES
[a] Polking,John, Albert, Bogges,Dave, Arnold .
Differential Equations.
[b] Arnold, David. His matlab and LATEX expertise.
[c] Cooper, Jeffery Introduction to Partial Differential
Equations

[d]W. A. Strauss, Partial Differential Equations, An

Introduction