OPERATING AND MONITORING WATERFLOODS

Instructores : Dale Olson and T.E.Gill - OGCI

Fecha : 18 - 22 de junio.
Objetivos
Adquirir conocimientos para operar y monitorear un proyecto de inyeccin de agua
en su integridad, permitiendo mejorar la rentabilidad del mismo.
Adquirir tcnicas efectivas para controlar y monitorear proyectos de inyeccin de
agua.
Revisar las teoras que soportan las tcnicas de control. Aplicaciones practicas de
estas tcnicas.
COURSE OUTLINE
Section I. INTRODUCTION AND COURSE PREVIEW (2 hours)
Course Preview
Course Content
Economic Perspective
Objectives of Course
Areas of Expertise
Methods to Accomplish Objectives
Course Outline
Monograph 11 -Familiarization
-- Chapter 1. Introduction
-- Chapter 2. Planning
Summary of Section 1.
Section II. RESERVOIR PERFORMANCE AND MONITORING (9 hours)
How to Handle Reservoir Theory in this Course
Secondary Recovery Report Format
Volumetric Calculation Formulae
Monograph 11, Chapter 3 -- Information and Data Analysis
Reservoir and Fluid Characteristics
Reservoir Heterogeneity
Directional Permeability
Primary Performance
Waterflood Pattern Selection
Waterflood Theory
Reservoir Saturation Changes
Primary
Secondary
Mobility Ratio and Fractional Flow
Monitoring Techniques
Contour Maps
Pattern Balancing
Calculation of Areal Sweep and Maps
Rules of Thumb
Fluid-In Versus Fluid-out
Reserves Evaluation and Oil Production Rate Forecast
Reservoir Management

Improving Performance Techniques

Infill Drilling
Pattern Modification
Improved Completion Techniques
Profile Modification
Artificial Lift Optimization
Surveillance
Economic Limit Considerations
Summary of Section II.
Section III. INJECTION WATER SUPPLY (1 hour)
Introduction
Volume requirements
Rates
Ultimate
Ideal Water
Water sources
Equipment Used
Pump types
Selection criteria
Page 2, Course Outline (Cont'd)
Gathering system
Operation of Supply System
Summary of Section III.
Section IV. WATER QUALITY, MONITORING, AND TREATMENT (6 hours)
Water Quality
How good must it be?
Tests
Impairment of wells
Possible Guidelines
Sampling Points, Techniques, and Analyses
Compatibility of Waters
Formation Sensitivity
Clarity
Particle Size and Distribution
Monitoring
Why Monitor?
Items to Evaluate
Techniques Used
Water Treatment
Dissolved Oxygen and its Removal
Acid Gases and their Removal
Suspended Solids and Oil Removal
Settling
Filtration
Types of Chemicals in Oil Field
Scale Cause and Control
Slime and Bacteria Control
Corrosion Cause and Control
Cause

Control
Metallurgy and Non-Metallics
Coatings
Inhibitors
Cathodic Protection
Cost-Effective Treatment Programs
Summary of Section IV.
Section V. INJECTION STATION AND SYSTEM (6 hours)
Injection Station Design
Injection Station Design Factors
Through-put Volumes
Discharge Pressure
Recovery Capability
Pump Selection
Prime Mover Selection
General Considerations
Sites and Layout
Elements Needed
Oil Removal
Tanks
Filtration
Pumps
Power
Buildings
Foundations
Page 3. Course Outline (Cont'd)
Piping and Coatings
Valves and Regulators
Injection Lines
Injection Well Equipment
Metering
Instrumentation and Controls
Safety Considerations
Regulatory Considerations
Summary of Section V.
Section VI. INJECTION WELL PERFORMANCE AND MONITORING (4 hours)
Volumetric Calculation Formulae
Injection Well Behavior
Injectivity Calculations
Improving Injection Rates
Monitoring Techniques
Pressure Parting
Step-Rate Tests
Hall Plots
Pressure Fall-Off Test
Improving Performance Techniques
Injection Profiles
Profile Improvement
Reservoir Considerations
Summary of Section VI.

Section VII. PRODUCING WELL PERFORMANCE AND MONITORING (4 hours)

Oil Rate Performance Prediction Techniques
Radial Flow
Productivity Index
Inflow Performance Relationship
Multiple Rate Test
Monitoring Techniques
Well Tests
Production Volumes-- Oil, Water, and Gas
Pressure Build-up Test
Fluid Levels
Operational Considerations
Artificial Lift Systems
Applications
Types
Sizes and Up-grading
Equipment Failures
Chemical Usage
Summary of Section VII.
Section VIII. PRODUCTION FACILITIES (2 hours)
Centralized Battery
Components
Separation Stations
Test Stations
Safety Considerations
Environmental Considerations
Consolidation and Automation
Operation Considerations
Summary of Section VIII.
Section IX. SUMMARY OF COURSE (3 hours)
Monitoring the Complete Waterflood
Review of Pertinent Points
Waterflood Rating Chart
Summary of Course
Section X. REFERENCES
Conversion Tables
List of Standards
References-- Technical Papers, etc.

Notice: Hours shown above for each Section above is the time that we usually spend
on that topic and totals 37 hours. This allows 3 hours for questions, review, and
breaks.