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Author
: Dimitri Gutas
Ibn Sinas thought about soul is influence by Aristotles thought,
Aristotle said that the rational soul is a first potential and the first
perfection in the body, this statement is compounded by Ibn Sina with, the
soul is something that affects the whole of decisions made and carried out
by the body, and the effect on the whole things. 1 According to Ibn Sina,
the soul is the essence of the human. The rational soul, according to Ibn
Sina something which itself is inside a human, something that is separate
from the body and its form does not always exist in the material body, the
rational soul is the perfection of a major for the natural physical
mechanical aspects of doing activities that exist over the selection of
discretion and conclusions the mind, as well as from the body. It could be
said that the existence of the rational soul is in the body but is separated
from the human body itself. The existence of the rational soul is started
the existence of it and not before it, and the rational soul has an
association and a relationship with humans throughout the human body is
alive.2
Rational soul has specific power for human. The rational soul
functions are doing the attributed of the reason (al-aql), which is a
combination or unity between knowledge (science) and deeds/action
(amal). Ibn Sina defines as the rational soul as the first perfection for
natural body in mechanistic, where on one side it undertaken various
existential behavior based endeavor thoughts and conclusions of ideas,
but the other side it perceives all universal problem.
1 Dimitri Gutas, Avicenna: The Metaphysics of the Rational Soul (Blackwell Publishing : oxford, UK,
2012), p.417
Ibn sina devides the function of the rational soul into two parts,
namely: Practical, is likely to encourage people to decide appropriate
actions carried out or abandoned, in which we could call moral behavior
especially in body. And Theoretical reason is that potential and sense of
talent, sense of actual and reasonable cost. This potency that perceives
images of universal and abstract, both substantively abstract and abstract
nature of the material sense of liberation and everything connected with
it.3
In the concept of emanation of Ibn Sina on cosmology, there is
intelligence in the universe and every area has different meanings and
attributes, and it comes from divinity (wjib al-wujd),
intelligence, the overall process of what is in the world and on earth, the
last intelligance is a " the realm of the earth" and is known as an active
intellect (al-'aql al-fa 'al), one of them is human. Because all of the
intellect is not material and completely merely potential, their activities
can be regarded as a thought. they thought the object was intelligence
that the universal concepts which ended in the formation of self. In other
words intelligibles as a whole consists of theoretical philosophy sciences:
physics, mathematics, and metaphysics.