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IgneousRocks
http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/images/lava_corelp0323283.JPG
Whatisarock?
ROCK CYCLE
www.matt-willard.com/Artwork/Graphic_Design/Rock-Cycle.jpg
Magmatism
formation of igneous rocks from magma
Plutonism
intrusive igneous rock crystallizes from magma and slowly cools below the surface of the
Earth
Volcanism
includes all phenomena resulting from and causing magma within the crust or mantle of
a planet
l
t tto rise
i th
through
h th
the crustt and
d fform volcanic
l
i rocks
k on th
the surface
f
http://earth.geol.ksu.edu/sgao/g100/plots/1003_magma_chamber.jpg
Formation of magmas
by partial melting of rocks through heating and fluxing with water
e.g., subduction zones
by
b decompression
d
i
e.g., mid
mid--oceanic ridges
INTERMEDIATE
(ANDESITIC)
MAFIC
(BASALTIC)
ULTRAMAFIC
(PICRITIC)
SiO2
> 70%
~ 60%
< 50%
< 45%
Fe - Mg
~ 2%
~ 3%
~ 4%
>8% - 32%
MgO
Temperature
700C
~1000C
up to
~1200C
up to
~1500C
Viscosity
High
Intermediate
Low
Low to Very
Low
Eruptive
behavior
explosive
explosive
gentle
gentle
http://www.georgiacenter.uga.edu/idl/webid/portfolio/graphics/illustrations/bowdens_reaction.jpg
N. Ramos | Geology 11 Principles of Geology
Lecture Notes: Igneous Rocks
CLASSIFICATION
PLUTONIC VS. VOLCANIC VS. PYROCLASTIC
http://earth.geol.ksu.edu/sgao/g100/plots/1003_magma_chamber.jpg
N. Ramos | Geology 11 Principles of Geology
PLUTONIC ROCKS
http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ritter/images/lithosphere/Earth_Structure/igenous%20landforms.jpg
CLASSIFICATION
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Imgs/Gif/Drawings/RockClassif-B.gif
Lecture Notes: Igneous Rocks
IDENTIFICATION
FELSIC
INTERMEDIATE
MAFIC
ULTRAMAFIC
phaneritic
granite
diorite
gabbro
peridotite
aphanitic/
porphyritic
rhyolite
andesite
basalt
basalt
vesicular
pumice
pumice
scoria
glassy
obsidian
fragmental
DIORITE
GABBRO
http://www.geo.umn.edu/mgs/virt_egg/
granite.jpg
http://csmres.jmu.edu/geollab/Fichter/
IgnRx/HTMLimag/Diorite-3A1.11.JPG
http://www.geo.umn.edu/mgs/virt_egg/
gabbro.jpg
RHYOLITE
(APHANITIC)
ANDESITE
BASALT
http://www.mii.org/Minerals/Minpics1/
Rhyolite jpg
Rhyolite.jpg
PORPH. RHYOLITE
(PORPHYRITIC)
http://www.drexel.edu/coe/enggeo/
rocks1/rhyolite_porphyry800.jpg
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Imgs/Jpg/
Lassen/And-Brokeoff
Lassen/And
Brokeoff_med.jpg
med.jpg
PORPH. ANDESITE
http://perso.orange.fr/jacques.delfour/
photos/andesit.jpg
http://volcano.und.edu/vwdocs/
vwlessons/rocks pics/basalt jpg
vwlessons/rocks_pics/basalt.jpg
PERIDOTITE
http://www.pitt.edu/~cejones/GeoImages/
1Minerals/1IgneousMineralz/Olivine/
Peridotite.jpg
KOMATIITE
http://www.pitt.edu/~cejones/GeoImages/
2IgneousRocks/IgneousCompositions/
1Ultramafic/OlivineThumb.jpg
PORPH. BASALT
http://www.ukge.co.uk/UKGEDATA/
images_versions/5275.jpg
FRAGMENTAL/PYROCLASTIC ROCKS
PUMICE
SCORIA
TUFF
http://resourcescommittee.house.gov/
http://homepage.smc.edu/robinson_
subcommittees/emr/usgsweb/photo http://www.nps.gov/tont/nature/graphics/ richard/rocktest/igneous_web/images/
gallery/images/Pumice%203_jpg.jpg
tuff%20breccia%202.jpg
InsideOutside/scoria.jpg
IGNIMBRITE
http://www.decadevolcano.net/photos/
keywords/photos/P5071453.jpg
GLASSY ROCK
OBSIDIAN
http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/kids/images/obsidian-sm.jpg