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Angle of internal friction for a given soil is the angle on the graph
(Mohr's Circle) of the shear stress and normal effective stresses at
which shear failure occurs.

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Angle of Internal Friction, f, can be determined in the laboratory by

the Direct Shear Test or the Triaxial Stress Test.

Typical relationships for estimating the angle of internal friction, f, are as follows:

Empirical values for f, of granular soils

based on the standard penetration number, (from Bowels,
Foundation Analysis).
SPT Penetration, NValue
(blows/ foot)
f (degrees)

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0
4
10
30
50

Relationship between f, and

standard penetration number for sands, (from Peck 1974, Foundation
Engineering Handbook).
SPT
Penetration,
N-Value
Density of
(blows/ foot)
Sand
f (degrees)
<4
4 - 10
10 - 30
30 - 50
>50

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25 - 30
27 - 32
30 - 35
35 - 40
38 - 43

Very loose
Loose
Medium
Dense
Very dense

<29
29 - 30
30 - 36
36 - 41
>41

Relationship between f, and

standard penetration number for sands, (from Meyerhof 1956,
Foundation Engineering Handbook).
SPT
Penetration,
N-Value
Density of
(blows/ foot)
Sand
f (degrees)
<4
4 - 10
10 - 30
30 - 50
>50

Very loose
Loose
Medium
Dense
Very dense

<30
30 - 35
35 - 40
40 - 45
>45

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http://www.geotechnicalinfo.com/angle_of_internal_friction.html[7/1/2016 4:03:22 PM]

Angle of Internal Friction on the Geotechnical Information Website

Other soil and soil related properties are listed below:

Angle of Internal Friction

Bearing Capacity Factors

Cohesion

External Friction Angle

Factor of Safety

Lateral Earth Pressure Coefficients

Modulus of Vertical Subgrade Reaction

Soil Unit Weights

Young's Modulus or modulus of elasticity

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