Eia 1167afreneax-Block1-Exploration Drilling-Konton Study - MC CA Review 220514 Received

PROPONENT: AFREN EAST AFRICAN EXPLORATION (K) LTD.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA)

STUDY REPORT
OF THE PROPOSED ONSHORE HYDROCARBON EXPLORATORY DRILLING
IN BLOCK 1, KONTON AREA, WAJIR EAST DISTRICT
WAJIR COUNTY
APPROXIMATE SITE COORDINATES: Lat. 02 2' 14.209"N, Lon. 40 54' 23.997"E
PREPARED BY:
NEMA Registered Environmental and Social Impact Assessment & Auditing Firm of Experts (Ref: 0296)
Environmental Planning and Management Consultants
4th Floor, Utumishi Co-op House, Mamlaka Road, off Nyerere Road.
P.O. Box, 45952 GPO 00100, Nairobi, Kenya,
Cell: 0733-733598/0725-259377
Email: info@ecolifeconsultium.com
Website:http://www.ecolifeconsultium.com
THE PROPONENT:
AFREN EAST AFRICAN EXPLORATION (K) LTD.
th
Delta Corner, Tower B, 8 Floor Waiyaki Way

Westlands, P.O.Box 61 -00623, Nairobi, Kenya
OR
/o Ecolife Consulting Ltd.

P.O. Box 45952 - 00100, GPO
Nairobi, Kenya
March - April, 2014
ESIA for Proposed Oil & Gas Exploration Drilling Activities in Block 1
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DECLARATION
This Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Study Report was prepared by Ecolife Consulting
Ltd. of P.O. Box 45952-00100, Nairobi, Kenya. This ESIA Report is an outcome of data collection, synthesis,
analysis and interpretation of information to our best of our professional knowledge.
ESIA Team: Ecolife Consulting Ltd.
Dr. John K. Musingi Team Leader & Lead Environmental Expert
Tom Nzibe Mwalali Environmental Consultant
Shadrack Ngewa Environmental Consultant
Joseph Muema Social Impact Assessment Consultant
Benedict Kitonyi Environmental & Social Impact Assessment Officer
East African Exploration (K) Ltd. Participants:

Jeremy Martin Country Manager Afren East African Exploration (K) Ltd.
Charles Antelme East Africa Regional Manager External Affairs & EHSS: Afren East African Exploration
(K) Ltd.
Malcolm Clare Seismic Project Manager
Hillary Simiyu Community Liaison Officer Afren East African Exploration (K) Ltd.
Signed: Date: ..
Dr. J.K. Musingi, PhD. (Registered ESIA & Audit Lead Expert),
Managing Director & Lead Consultant,
For, Ecolife Consulting Ltd.
This Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Study Report was prepared and commissioned with
our permission as the proponent.
Signed: ------------------------------------------ Date: -----------------------------------------Name: Jeremy Martin

Country Manager
For: AFREN - East African Exploration (K) Ltd.
PROJECT BUDGET
Estimated project cost is Ksh 100,000,000.00 (say Kenya Shillings One hundred million only)
The NEMA fee @ 0.1% of the Project cost is Ksh 1000,000.00 (say Kenya shillings one hundred thousand
Only)
East Africa Exploration Ltd.
Prepared by Ecolife Consultium Ltd.
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List of Stakeholder Participants

A: COUNTY LEVEL STAKEHOLDERS SEMINAR 28TH MARCH 2014 IN WAJIR TOWN
NAME OF PARTICIPANT
NAME OF ORGANISATION
CONTACT DETAILS
Halima Mohamud Khailey
Office of The Women Representative
0712196503
Ibrahim Idow Dahir
Office of The Women Representative
0720816705
Ambia A. Osman
0720969074
Yussuf Abdi
Oliver I. C. Mwigana
Kenya Forest Service (KFS)

County Executive Officer - Water, Natural
Resources & Energy Wajir County
NEMA-Ag. County Director
Mr. Abass Sheikh
Member of Parliament Wajir East
Jimale Mohamed
Youth Representative
0722970902
Major A. H. Xmiiv
Community Leader
0705848283
Mohamed Abdikadir
Youth Representative Wajir East
0720568388
10
Yussuf Adan
Youth Representative Chairman
0729899992
11
Adan Mohamed
Constituency Office Manager
0721360588
12
Abdillahi Hussein
Former Councilor
0729568668
13
Yussuf Sheikh
Chairman URP
0722248406
14
Muhumed Isaac
Chairman Pastoral Association
0726489660
15
Hussein Omar
Former Councilor
0721295765
16
Hassan Daud
Community Leader
0726228662
17
Suleman Haji
Youth Representative
0722990784
18
Nasir Harun
Chairman CDF
19
Hussein Osman
Member of County Assembly (MCA)
0712242891
20 Dubow Ali
Consultant
0724166663
21
Principal Wajir Secondary School
0725518378
Mohamed Hassan
0720547884
22 P.M. Kilonzo
Administration Police - County Commander 0721249964
23 Abui Omar
0720431317
25 Roble Osman
Save the Children (NGO) - Liaison Officer

Kenya National Chamber of Commerce
(KNCC) - Wajir
P.A. to Wajir County Governor
26 Fasal Harel Elmi
Logistic Officer
0710825282
27 Ahmed M. Waredl
IEIAC
0725869064
24 Mohammed Hassan
0717534294
0720924249
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COMMUNITY LEVEL STAKEHOLDER WORKSHOP: 28TH MARCH 2014 (2PM-4.30PM) IN KONTON

KHOROF - WAJIR
NAME OF PARTICIPANT
1
Riechi Meroka
S. N. Karanja
M.B Makami
Abdullahi H. Adan
Abdi Omar Sheikh
Abdi Sheikh Hussein
Omar Adan Buul
NAME OF ORGANISATION
CONTACT DETAILS
0723270342
Mash Mude D.
Office of the Director of Public Prosecution

Ministry of Interior & Coordination-ACC
Kutulo
Ministry of interior & coordination-ACC Wajir
Bor
Ministry of Interior & Coordination-Snr A/chief
Khorof-Harar
Ministry of Interior & Coordination-Snr A/chief
Riba
Ministry of Interior & Coordination-Snr Chief
Riba
Ministry of Interior & Coordination-A/ chief
Gurmarey
Community Leader- Kutulo
Nur Muhumed
Community Elder
10
Ali Kalmuy
Secretary- Peace Committee Wajir East
0725059093
11
Mohamed Adow
Community Elder
0724314148
12
Sheikh .H. Jimle
Community Elder
13
Mohamed Hassan
Community Elder
14
Mohamed Abdi Ali
Community Elder
15
Musa Nur Duhulow
Community Elder
16
Habiba Mohamed
Women Elder
0720731483
17
Kheira Birik
Women Elder
18
Barey Ged
Women Elder
19
Maryanne Adow
Women Elder
0722919678
20
Farah Ahmed
Community Elder
0707851018
21
Yussuf Hassan
Community Elder
0714468705
22
Hassan Mohammed
Community Elder
0722283611
23
Mohamed Jelle
Community Elder
0722413673
24
Abdi Abdul
Community Elder
0712846508
25
Jele Salat
Community Elder
26
Abdullahi Abdi Ali
Community Elder
0736295631
27
Bishar Shriibabdi
Community Elder
28
Abdi Ali
Community Elder
29
Abdi Jimale
Community Elder
0724631845
30
Ahmed Jelle
Community Elder
0713407468
31
Mahat Adan
Community Elder
32
Hussein M.
Community Elder - Khorof Harar
0720731297
33
Noor Ahmed
Community Elder
0723125629
34
Abdi Billow Ibrahim
Wajir East Constituency Office
0724873872
0720936143
0722467362
0727714323
0717259144
0723471102
0720171065
0715418081
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36
Ahmed Mohamed
Osman
Ahmed Mohamed
Member of County Assembly (MCA) - Wajir

County
Wajir Youth Representative
37
Mohamed .A. Abdalle
Snr Chief - Khorof Harar
0710434410
38
Mr. Mongane Jonatha
D/Principal - Khorof Harar Secondary School
0731614984
39
Ibrahim Ahmed
0705020331
40
Adan Hassan
Community Elder - Konton
0720603039
41
Siyadusas Muhumed
Rep. Wajir East Constituency Office
0724141161
42
Bishar Hassan
Ass/Chief Konton
43
4
4
45
4
6
47
4
8
4
9
Mohamed Noor
Community Elder
Mohamud Y. Noor
Principal- Khorof-Harar Secondary School
Ahmed Garad Abdi
Konton Community Secretary
8493330
0724348196 /
0734343383
0725612195
50
Reuben Ogeda
51
Muhamud Olow
Ministry of Interior & Coordination - ACC

Khorof Harar
Former Councilor
52
Moulid A. Hassan
Business man- Khorof Harar
0723956913
53
Ahmed Mohamed
0723864340
54
Abdi Abdul
0723090853
55
Abdullahi M. Hassan
56
Yussuf Abdi
57
Hon. Fatuma Ibrahim
Khorof Harar
County Executive officer - Water, Natural
Resources & Energy Wajir County
Member of Parliament- Wajir County
35
Mohamed Ibrahim Aden Khorof-Harar Youth Leader
0720793825
Omar Sheikh Issack
Community Elder - Konton
0718774469
Mohamed M. Issack
0732623492
Ali Osman
0727834306
0723599315
0722284 164
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This EIA Report was made possible by co-operation of various persons and institutions. We wish to thank
them all and in particular Afren EAX Mangers in UK for awarding us the EIA tender. Special thanks go to
Jeremy Martin, the Country manager for his support, Charles Antelme External Affairs & EHSS, Malcolm
Clare (Seismic Project Manager) and Hillary Simiyu (community liaison and security officer) for their support
in logistical planning of the fieldwork in Wajir County.
We wish also to acknowledge the various persons in Wajir County who made our work possible and in
particular, the Governors Office and the Member of Parliament. We say thank you to the following from
Wajir County: Hon Mr. Abass Sheikh- Member of Parliament, Wajir East Mr. Yussuf Abdi County Executive
Officer (Water, Natural Resources & Energy), Hon Fatuma Ibrahim (County Woman Representative), Hussein
Osman (MCA Khorof Harar), and Oliver I. C. Mwigana (NEMA Ag County Director).
Finally, from the Ecolife Consulting Team of myself, Dr. John Musingi, Shadrack Ngewa, Tom Nzibe, Joseph
Muema and Benedict Kitonyi we say thanks once again for your workshop attendance and contribution. We
however take all the responsibility for all the issues in this Report in which we act on behalf of our client
Afren EAX.
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SUMMARY OF PARTICULARS
Title of the Proposed Study:
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA)

STUDY REPORT OF THE PROPOSED ONSHORE HYDROCARBON
EXPLORATION DRILLING IN BLOCK 1, KONTON AREA, WAJIR
EAST DISTRICT, WAJIR COUNTY
Name and contact address of the proponent: AFREN - EAST AFRICAN EXPLORATION (K) LTD.
Postal Address:
Delta Corner, Tower B, 8th Floor

Waiyaki Way -Westlands,
P.O.Box 61 -00623, Nairobi, Kenya
Proposed Activity:
Hydrocarbon Exploration Drilling: Proponent proposes to drill an

exploration well in the Konton Area Wajir County
Location of the activity:
Block 1 Konton - Wajir County
Period of activity:
Five months depending on logistical and administrative procedures
Lease/Permit Particulars:
Production Sharing Contract (PSC) with the Government of Kenya
Type of Project:
STUDY REPORT
ESIA Firm of Experts:
ECOLIFE CONSULTING LIMITED (NEMA Ref: 0296)

P.O. Box 4595200100, GPO,
Nairobi, Kenya
Terms of reference:
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

(As per the legal requirement Vide -Environmental Management and
Co-ordination Act (EMCA, 1999)).
Capability of Firm:
As per the legal requirement Vide -Environmental Management and

Co-ordination Act (EMCA, 1999), and the EIA & EA Regulations
2003
Impact Classification significance rating:

Date of ESIA:
March - April, 2014
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Interest in the Kenyan upstream oil and gas sector has developed significantly following discoveries of oil in
Uganda and recent gas discoveries offshore East Africa. This interest intensified following Tullow Oils
announcement on 26 March 2012 that it and its partners Africa Oil and Centric Energy had discovered
commercial oil deposits in Kenya in the Tertiary Rift Basin.
Under the Petroleum Act, the Minister of Energy has the power to divide Kenya and its continental shelf into
Exploration Blocks which are then issued to interested companies for exploration. This process is done
through what is called Production Sharing Contracts (PSCs) in which the companies and the government
negotiate on details of exploration methods and profit sharing in case of commercial hydrocarbons discovery.
East African Exploration Company an affiliate company of Afren Company is the licensed operator of Block
1. This Block covers parts of Wajir and Mandera Counties.
Hydrocarbon exploration has two distinct phases. Phase one deals with data collection of the sub-surface
geological structures of the exploration area through seismic method while phase two is about exploratory
drilling. The proponent finished seismic data collection after acquiring EIA license for the same and now
proposes to do exploratory drilling in an area around Konton which is about 90 Km North East of Wajir
Town in Wajir East Constituency, Wajir County. Block 1 has some positive hydrocarbon history which
requires scientific data through drilling, for instance, an oil seep and tar staining was observed in a water
well, and in an adjacent 52 metre borehole cored by Total at Tarbaj in the south of the block which
demonstrates that oil has been generated at some point in the basins history.
Exploratory drilling is done through drilling of sample points that help to provide more underground truth
about data on hydrocarbons situation since seismic surveys are not exactly conclusive. These require activities
including site preparation, transport of Rig to site, drilling and a Base Camp for the workers in the Rig All
these leave a negative human footprint to the environment and may affect local livelihoods, hence the need
for ESIA.
The consultant conducted an extensive fieldwork in the area analyzing the local natural environment
including vegetation study, hydrological features, soil and socio-economic factors. A desk study was also done
before the actual fieldwork. Wajir County is a semi-arid environment falling in the ecological zone V-VI. Zone
V receives rainfall between 300-600mm annually, has low tree cover, grass and shrubs. On the other hand
zone VI receives an annual rainfall of 200-400mm. The county receives an average of 240 mm of rainfall per
year. The rainfall is usually erratic and short making it unfavorable for extensive vegetation growth. There are
two rainy seasons namely short and long rains. The short rains are experienced between October to
December and the long rains from March to May each year.
The area is dominated by bushes of mostly acacia species. There are also other species that grows in this
semi-arid environment. The soils are thin red soils with high concentration of silica. They are poorly
developed due to lack of adequate moisture.
The main vegetation products include gum and resin, charcoal, firewood, posts, barks, honey, wood carvings
and wild fruits. Firewood is harvested for individual household use and for sale to households living around
town and food kiosks.
The main types of livestock are cattle (mostly Borana type and dairy crosses), sheep, goats (dominantly
Totenberg goats), camels and donkeys. According to the 2009 population and housing census, there were
794, 552 cattle, 1,406,883 sheep, 1,866,226 goats, 115,503 donkeys and 533,651 camels. The production of
milk and meat is estimated at 3,875,940 litres and 191,100 Kgs respectively per year.
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The area has hardly any wildlife mammals due to the displacement of their habitat and hunting. Birds species
are however found in the area especially species that thrive in dry lands.
From our study, it is evident that the areas ecological environment is not sensitive because the population is
highly dispersed and only significantly found around the market centres and Wajir town. Moreover, the
proponent will only require an area of about 500 sq metres for the duration of about five months. There will
only be very mild impact on both the environment and livelihoods. No populations will be displaced. The
proponent will fence off the operation and the Base camp area to minimize contacts with local populace and
livestock. Vegetation will be cleared only when is absolutely necessary. The proponent will have an
independent water source for the operation and domestic use hence no competition over water resources
with the pastoralists. Indeed on decommissioning, the proponent will hand over the camp borehole to the
local community.
In order to get stakeholders involvement, two stakeholder workshops were conducted namely at the county
and community levels. The county level forum was held in Wajir town and had people drawn from all parts
of Wajir County including the representation of the County Government and the National Government. At
the community level the focus was on the actual community that is found at the proposed initial drilling site
in Konton. The workshop was held in Khorof Harar Secondary School.
In conclusion the hydrocarbon exploratory drilling will have only a minimum impact to nature and local
livelihoods. The expected few impacts have been mitigated in this report which provides a comprehensive
Environmental Management Plan, a Risk Assessment and a Monitoring guideline framework for the
proponent to implement. Stakeholders support the project. The project is good for many reasons for example
it will provide data on the hydrocarbon status of the area. It will also engage unskilled and semi-skilled
workforce from the area hence creating local employment for the duration of the project. In the event that
commercial hydrocarbons resources are discovered, then the national, county and local economies will
prosper. Hence the need for the project to be issued with EIA license so that the proponent can begin the
drilling
process
that
will
requires
extensive
preparation
and
investment.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION .................................................................................................................................................................... 1
STUDY BUDGET ................................................................................................................................................................... 1
LIST OF STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPANTS .................................................................................................................... 2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
SUMMARY OF PARTICULARS ........................................................................................................................................ 6
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................................................... 7
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................................................... 11
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................................................. 11
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .......................................................................................................... 12
1.0:
OIL EXPLORATION IN KENYA ....................................................................................................................... 13
1.1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................ 13

1.2: SCOPE OF THE ESIA ..................................................................................................................................................... 14
1.3: LOCATION AND COVERAGE AREA OF THE PROPOSED EXPLORATORY DRILLING ..................................................... 15
1.4:COMPANY ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY (AFREN-EAX) ............................................................................................... 16
2.0:
COMPLIANCE TO NATIONAL AND MULTILATERAL REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ................. 16
2.1: NATIONAL LEGAL REGULATORY FRAMEWORK (KENYA) .......................................................................................... 16

2.1.1: Production Sharing Contract (PSC) .................................................................................................................... 16
2.1.2: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment .................................................................................................... 16
2.2: MULTILATERAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGREEMENTS ...................................................................................................... 22
3.0:
DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT WORKS & ACTIVITIES .............................................. 24
3.1: OBJECTIVES AND DRILLING PROCEDURE ..................................................................................................................... 24

3.2: DRILLING OF EXPLORATORY WELL ............................................................................................................................. 24
3.2.1: Site Selection and Acquisition .............................................................................................................................. 24
3.2.2: Site Acquisition and Preparation ......................................................................................................................... 24
3.2.3: Pre-Drilling Activities ......................................................................................................................................... 26
3.2.4: Well Drilling Mud ............................................................................................................................................... 26
3.2.5.: Drilling Equipment and Logistics ....................................................................................................................... 26
3.2.5: Mud System and Cuttings ................................................................................................................................... 28
3.2.6: Well Casing .......................................................................................................................................................... 30
3.2.7: Well Evaluation .................................................................................................................................................... 31
3.2.8: Completion of Drilling ......................................................................................................................................... 31
3.2.9: Decommissioning & Closure of Well ................................................................................................................... 31
3.3: RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS.......................................................................................................................................... 32
3.3.1: Manpower Requirement ....................................................................................................................................... 32
3.3.2: Time Requirement ................................................................................................................................................ 32
3.3.3: Water Requirement and Water Balance ............................................................................................................... 32
3.3.4: Power and storage Requirements ......................................................................................................................... 32
3.4: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ...................................................................................................................................... 32
3.4.1: No drilling option ................................................................................................................................................. 33
3.4.2: Drilling in Konton Area ....................................................................................................................................... 33
3.4.2: Technical Alternatives: Directional Drilling ....................................................................................................... 33
4.0:
DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT AREA PHYSICAL ENVIRONEMNT ................................................ 34
4.1: WAJIR COUNTY LOCATION AND PROFILE .................................................................................................................. 34

4.2: ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS .............................................................................................................................................. 34
4.2.1: Administrative sub divisions (Sub county, divisions, locations) ......................................................................... 34
4.3: PHYSIOGRAPHIC AND NATURAL THE ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................................ 36
4.3.1: Physical and Topographic Features ...................................................................................................................... 36
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4.3.2: Ecological Conditions ........................................................................................................................................... 36

4.3.3: Climatic Conditions ............................................................................................................................................. 36
4.4: DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES ........................................................................................................................................... 36
4.4.1: Population Size and Composition ........................................................................................................................ 36
4.4.2: Energy Access (Main Sources of energy, Electricity coverage)............................................................................ 37
4.4.3: Markets and Urban Centres ................................................................................................................................. 37
4.5: LAND USE ..................................................................................................................................................................... 37
4.5.1: MEAN HOLDING SIZE ................................................................................................................................................ 37
4.5.2: Main Livestock Breed ........................................................................................................................................... 37
4.6: MINING ........................................................................................................................................................................ 37
4.7: WATER AND SANITATION ........................................................................................................................................... 37
4.7.1: Water resources and quality ................................................................................................................................. 37
4.8: GEOLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY OF THE NORTH EASTERN KENYA....................................................................... 37
4.9: BLOCK 1 HYDROCARBONS PROSPECTS........................................................................................................................ 38
4.10: BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ..................................................................................................................................... 40
4.10.1: Vegetation and soil ............................................................................................................................................. 40
4.10.2: Wildlife ............................................................................................................................................................... 40
4.11: SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT AND LIVELIHOODS ............................................................................................ 41
4.11.1: Settlement Patterns (Wajir East) ....................................................................................................................... 41
4.12: Sector Profile ......................................................................................................................................................... 42
5.0:
DESCRIPTION OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ............................................................ 43
5.1: FINDINGS...................................................................................................................................................................... 43
5.2: BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ....................................................................................................................................... 43
5.2.1: Impacts on vegetation ........................................................................................................................................... 43
5.2.2: Impacts on wildlife ............................................................................................................................................... 43
5.2.3: Impacts on soil ...................................................................................................................................................... 43
5.2.4: Waste management mitigation measures ............................................................................................................. 44
5.2.5: Biomedical waste .................................................................................................................................................. 44
5.2.6: Potential impacts on water resources ................................................................................................................... 44
5.2.7: Potential impacts of noise and vibrations ............................................................................................................. 44
5.2.8: Impacts on the physical environment ................................................................................................................... 44
5.2.9: Impacts on Climate Change.................................................................................................................................. 45
5.2.10: Occupational health and Safety and security ..................................................................................................... 45
6.0:
DESCRIPTION OF POTENTIAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS ............................................................ 46
6.1: STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS ................................................................................................................................ 46

6.2: EVALUATION................................................................................................................................................................ 47
7.0:
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN................................................................................................. 48
7.1: RISK ASSESSMENT ........................................................................................................................................................ 48

7.2: RISK EVALUATION ....................................................................................................................................................... 48
7.3: BIOLOGICAL, PHYSICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................... 51
7.3.1: Significance Rating .............................................................................................................................................. 51
8.0:
MONITORING GUIDELINES ........................................................................................................................... 54
8.1: MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE .................................................................. 54

8.2: MONITORING IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY .............................................................................................................. 54
8.3: REPORTING REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................................................................ 54
8.3.1: Reporting on Non-routine Incidents .................................................................................................................... 54
8.3.2: Security ................................................................................................................................................................ 55
9.0: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ........................................................................................................ 55
REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................................................... 56
ANNEXES .............................................................................................................................................................................. 57
FORUM MINUTES ................................................................................................................................................................ 57
10
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Hydrocarbon Exploration Basins In Kenya ..................................................................................... 13
Figure 2: Wajir East Kenya and the Extent of Block 1 ................................................................................................... 15
Figure 3: Flow Chart showing various phases of Drilling Activities ............................................................................... 24
Figure 4 Parts of Drilling Rig and a photo showing a Rig .......................................................................................... 25
Figure 5: A typical Base Camp ........................................................................................................................... 26
Figure 6: Drilling Fluid Circulation ............................................................................................................................. 27
Figure 7: Flow chart for Drilling Mud and Solid Discharge ........................................................................................... 29
Figure 8: Example of casing strings............................................................................................................................. 30
Figure 9: illustration of directional drilling .................................................................................................................. 33
Figure 10: Wajir position in Kenya Counties ................................................................................................... 34
Figure 11: Wajir Constituency and Ward administrative units ........................................................................................ 35
Figure 12: Geology of the exploration area (Block 1) ..................................................................................................... 38
Figure 13: Basin Geology Rocks same as in Ogaden Basin .......................................................................................... 38
Figure 14: History of Petroleum Exploration in Block 1 ................................................................................................. 39
Figure 15: Tarbaj Oil Seep .......................................................................................................................................... 39
Figure 16: Known Leads elsewhere in the basin............................................................................................................ 40
Figure 17: Scrubland vegetation dominated by scattered acacia shrubs and isolated bushes. ........................................... 40
Figure 18: Consultative meeting with County Level Key Stakeholders in Wajir (left) and Local Stakeholders in Khorof
(Right) ...................................................................................................................................................................... 47
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Ingredient of Water Based Drilling Fluid .............................................................................................................................................. 26
Table 2: Sample technical details of the proposed drilling activity .............................................................................................................. 27
Table 3: Details of drilling rig(s) to be deployed ................................................................................................................................................ 27
Table 4: Population projections by Division...........................................................................................................................................................41
Table 5: Population distributions and density by administrative division 2008 2012 .......................................................................42
Table 6: Mitigation Measures for Potential Impacts on the Physical Environment............................................................................... 45
Table 7: Risk Analysis and Significance Rating Matrix ..................................................................................................................................... 48
Table 8: Environment Risk Assessment for the Block 1 Test Drilling ......................................................................................................... 49
Table 9: Summary of Effects on Biological, Physical and Socio-Economic Environment ...................................................................... 51
Table 10: Environmental Impact Significance Factor .......................................................................................................................................... 52
Table 11: Environmental Management Plan Matrix.............................................................................................................................................. 52
11
NZ
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

2D
Two Dimensional
N2O
Nitrous Oxide
BOP
Blow Out Preventors
NaCl
Sodium Chloride
BPEO
Best Practicable Environmental Option
NEMA
National Environment Management Authority
DG
Diesel Generator
NOX
Nitrogen Oxides
EAX
Afren - East African Exploration (K) Ltd.
PPE
Personnel Protective Equipment
EEM
Environmental Effects Monitoring
PSC
Production Sharing Contract
EEMS
Environmental Emissions Monitoring System
ROV
Remotely Operated Vehicle
EMCA
SO2
Sulphur Dioxide
EMP
Environmental Management and

Coordination Act, 1999
Environmental Management Plan
TD
Total Depth
EMS
Environmental Management System
UN
United Nations
GHG
Greenhouse Gases
UNFCCC
HSE
Health, Safety & Environment
VOC
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate

Change
Volatile Organic Compound
KFS
Kenya Forest Services
WBM
Water Based Mud
KWS
Kenya Wildlife Services
12
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1.0: OIL EXPLORATION IN KENYA

1.1: Introduction
Interest in the Kenyan upstream oil and gas sector has developed significantly following discoveries of oil in
Uganda and recent gas discoveries offshore East Africa. This interest intensified following Tullow Oils
announcement on 26 March 2012 that it and its partners Africa Oil and Centric Energy had discovered
commercial oil deposits in Kenya in the Tertiary Rift Basin.
There are four principal exploration basins in Kenya namely, the Lamu Basin, the Anza Basin, the Mandera
Basin and the Tertiary Rift Basin. In order to explore for hydrocarbons in these blocks, the government has
entered into the so called Production Sharing Contracts (PSCs) with various companies. Under the Petroleum
Act, the Minister of Energy has the power to divide Kenya and its continental shelf into Exploration Blocks as
shown in Figure 1).
AFREN -EAX
Figure 1: Hydrocarbon Exploration Basins in Kenya

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No person may engage in any petroleum operations without the Ministers permission. The Petroleum Act
permits the government to conduct petroleum operations either through an oil company established by the
government for that purpose for instance, the National Oil Corporation of Kenya (NOCK) or through private
contractors that are licensed by the government (acting through the Minister of Energy) under petroleum
agreements.
AFREN - East African Exploration (K) Ltd. was licensed to Operate in Block 1 through a Production Sharing
Contract to undertake hydrocarbon exploration drilling in this block. The likely Exploration Drilling exercise
will consist of drilling an exploration well in Konton Area which is about 90 km North East of Wajir Town.
The exploratory drilling follows the successful completion of a seismic programme which covered 1,900 line
kilometers over Block 1 in both Wajir and Mandera Counties. The interpretation of seismic data has revealed
the need for drilling in the proposed area. Historically, this area has shown signs of presence of hydrocarbons
in the subsurface rocks. We should however note that, accumulations of oil or gas found within the subsurface sedimentary rocks is not necessarily enough evidence that the area has hydrocarbons reserves that
can be commercially exploited. The presence of hydrocarbons in commercial quantities depends upon the
following conditions: a source rock rich in organic carbon, sufficient heat over millions of years to convert the
organic carbon into hydrocarbons, migration pathways to enable the hydrocarbons to migrate upwards from
the source rock, presence of a suitable reservoir rock such as porous limestone or sandstone which must be
sufficiently porous to store the hydrocarbons and, an effective seal of impermeable rock such as clay, shale or
salt above and against the reservoir, thereby forming a closed subsurface structure and preventing further
migration (and hence loss) of the hydrocarbons.
The activities will involve transport of a drilling rig into the area, site preparation and commencement of the
drilling. A rig-site temporary base camp will be build for the workers. All these will be done by the company
that will be given the drilling contract; however the proponent will ensure community liaison matters are
handled by the proponent.
It is expected that the activities like any other human activities will have a marked negative and positive
footprints. These includes, dust, displacement of vegetation at the rig site and the base camp. The
transportation of the rig to the site may also pose traffic risks. The positive aspects include employment and
increased markets for local products.
1.2: Scope of the ESIA
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is one of the most commonly used tools of environmental
management. EIA is used in order to address and mitigate environmental concerns effectively into the project
development process. It is therefore a key part of project development process and is usually done at the
initial stages of the project development. It helps in decision making and should guide on whether a project
should be implemented or modified in design prior to implementation or even abandoned if the impacts are
too severe to mitigate.
Environmental Impact Assessment also referred to as Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA)
critically examines the effects of a development project on the environment looking at both negative and
positive impacts of the development activity or project, including how it affects people, their property, and
their environment.
ESIA also identifies measures to mitigate the negative impacts while maximizing on the positive impacts on a
cost benefit analysis. EIA is therefore basically an aspect of precautionary principle because it anticipates that
large scale human activities have adverse impacts on nature and it seeks to minimize these adverse impacts
on the environment and therefore reduce unanticipated risks. In brief, the objectives of this EIA are:
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Generate baseline data for monitoring and evaluating impacts, during the project cycle.
Identify impacts of the drilling and other subsidiary activities on the environment that is - biological,
ecological, physical, economic and cultural impacts
Evaluate the impacts of the various alternatives on the project with a view to identifying the best
alternative(s).
Predict likely changes on the environment as a result of the proposed development.
Propose mitigation measures for the significant negative impacts of the project on the environment.
Highlight environmental issues with a view to guiding policy makers, planners, stakeholders and
government agencies to make environmentally and economically sustainable decisions.
For the ESIA process to be responsive, an integrated approach was used in which ecological, economic and
social equity issues are considered. This involved a comprehensive fieldwork in the proposed Study area to
identify potential negative impacts on the environment, economy, culture and livelihoods and then developing
mitigation measures. These mitigation measures are more effective if they are done through stakeholders and
public consultation. The consultant carried out an environmental scoping of the natural resources including
vegetation, soil, water resources and land uses. The project activities were also discussed with local
stakeholders during a period of two weeks in the fieldwork. Finally, stakeholder workshops were organized at
two levels namely, at the County level in Wajir Town and secondly, at the community level at Konton Khorof Harar Secondary School in Wajir East Constituency Wajir County. The participants included local and
national leaders and also members of the public.
1.3: Location and Coverage Area of the Proposed Exploratory Drilling
Afren East African Exploration (K) Limited proposes to drill an exploratory well in the Konton area in Wajir
East Constituency, Wajir County (Figure 2). The area is about 90 km north east of Wajir town and is
approximately 10 km from Kenya Somalia border. The approximate site coordinates are Lat. 02 2' 14.209"N,
Lon. 40 54' 23.997"E.
Figure 2: Wajir East Kenya and the Extent of Block 1
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The operation area vegetation is basically bush land dominated by scrub vegetation of mostly acacia shrubs
and other semi-arid vegetation types. The landscape in largely flat and is dominated by red light soils. The
area has no significant wildlife species.
1.4:Company Environmental Policy (AFREN-EAX)
AFREN-EAX recognizes that drilling activities, like any other human activities have negative environmental
footprints. The company therefore supports sustainable exploration activities that recognize local
environmental integrity and promotes good environmental practices at all levels of operation. The company
therefore complies with all relevant international and national legislative requirements in environmental
protection.
2.0:
COMPLIANCE TO NATIONAL AND MULTILATERAL REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
2.1: National Legal Regulatory Framework (Kenya)

2.1.1: Production Sharing Contract (PSC)
Kenya has several policies, legal and administrative structures that govern various activities. In the petroleum
and gas industry, the guidelines are spelt in the Production Sharing Contract (PSC). The PSC guidelines
borrow heavily from the Petroleum Act. The Petroleum Act sets out certain obligations to the contractor that
are implied into any PSC but that are, in any event, dealt with in more detail in the Model Form PSC. The
Ministry of Energy administers the application process relating to the entry into a PSC. This can be by way of
competitive bidding process or through bilateral negotiations. The minister may require evidence of the
financial and technical qualifications of any applicant of any of the designated Blocks and may issue
conditions and guidelines on the mode of exploration.
2.1.2: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
It is a requirement that all new projects that are likely to affect the environment should have an
environmental impact assessment done and submitted to the National Environment Management Authority
(NEMA). There are two types of project in this category namely Project Reports and Study Reports. All EIAs
start as project reports and it is NEMA which decides a project requires more public participation and hence
orders for a Study Report. This happens mostly for projects that are proposed in sensitive environments or
are large enough to cause widespread impacts or will affect large areas. For such projects, and in order to
increase public participation, it is mandatory for the proponent to put up newspaper advertisements in order
for members of the public and other concerned parties to express their objection before the project is
commissioned. After the expiry of 45 days, if there are no objections, then the project is approved. Under the
Project Report category, the proponent through a registered EIA Lead Expert Consultant is allowed to submit
EIA Report to NEMA for Review. He does not need to put newspaper adverts, however, public consultation is
required for the interested and affected persons to propose essential mitigation measures in order to
minimize the impacts.
In conclusion it is important to note that all EIA projects start as EIA Project Reports and it is NEMA that
decides which project should proceed to a full EIA Study.
The legislative framework that governs execution of EIAs and in which this report is based, are as follows: The Constitution of Kenya (2010)
The Constitution of Kenya provides the framework law as regards the Environment in Chapter 5 Part II as
follows:East Africa Exploration Ltd.
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42. Every person has the right to a clean and healthy environment, which includes the righta) to have the environment protected for the benefit of present and future generations through
legislative and other measures, particularly those contemplated in Article 69; and
b) to have obligations relating to the environment fulfilled under Article 70.
69. (1) The State shall
(a) ensure sustainable exploitation, utilization, management and conservation of the environment and
natural resources, and ensure the equitable sharing of the accruing benefits;
(b) work to achieve and maintain a tree cover of at least ten per cent of the land area of Kenya;
(c) protect and enhance intellectual property in, and indigenous knowledge of, biodiversity and the
genetic resources of the communities;
(d) encourage public participation in the management, protection and conservation of the
environment;
(e) protect genetic resources and biological diversity;
(f) establish systems of environmental impact assessment, environmental audit and monitoring of the
environment;
(g) eliminate processes and activities that are likely to endanger the environment; and
(h) utilize the environment and natural resources for the benefit of the people of Kenya.
(2) Every person has a duty to cooperate with State organs and other persons to protect and conserve
the environment and ensure ecologically sustainable development and use of natural resources.
The Proponent recognizes these environmental principles as stipulated in the Constitution which aim at
sustainable exploitation, utilization, management and conservation of the environment and natural resources,
and ensure the equitable sharing of the accruing benefits. Afren East African Exploration (K) Ltd. will comply
with this law.
Environmental Management and Coordination Act (EMCA, 1999)
The Environmental Management and Coordination Act (EMCA) of 1999 provide detailed guidelines on EIAs
in Kenya. This Law was made so strong that it supersedes all other Laws in Kenya apart from the Kenya
Constitution. If any other Law apart from the Constitution of Kenya conflicts with EMCA then the latter
prevails. EMCA also anticipates proponents to adhere to the provisions of all other relevant provision that
govern new developments. The highlights are given as follows:
According to section 58 of Environmental Management and Co-ordination Act (EMCA) of 1999 legal Notice
No.8, a project proponent whose project falls under the second schedule 9 (i) of the act is required to submit
impact assessment to the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA).
EMCA (Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Audit (EA)) Regulations, 2003
Part V of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Audit (EA) regulations provide for Environmental
Audit and monitoring. The Act provides that an Environmental Impact Assessment shall be undertaken on all
upcoming development activities, which are likely to have adverse environmental impacts. These development
activities include ongoing projects that commenced prior to the coming into force of the fore said
regulations. The proponent has adhered to the provision of this Act by authorizing this EIA process prior to
the commencement of the drilling project.
EMCA (Waste Management) Regulations 2006
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These regulations define the responsibilities of waste generators and define the duties and requirements for
transportation and disposal of waste. It provides for mitigation of pollution and provides for hazardous and
toxic wastes. The regulations require a waste generator to dispose waste only to a designated waste
receptacle. The proponent shall adhere to the regulations and proposes to manage waste prudently both at
the basecamp and the drilling site.
EMCA (Water Quality) Regulations, 2006

Part II: Protection of sources of water for domestic use: 4 (1) Every person shall refrain from any act which
directly or indirectly causes, or may cause immediate or subsequent water quality pollution, and it shall be
immaterial whether or not the water resource was polluted before the enactment of these regulations. (2) No
person shall throw or cause to flow into or near a water resource any liquid, solid or gaseous substance or
deposit any such substance in or near it, as to cause pollution. 6. No person shall
(a) discharge, any effluent from sewage treatment works industry or other point sources without a valid
effluent discharge license issued in accordance with the provisions of the act.
Environmental Management and Coordination Act (Air Quality) Regulations, 2008
These regulations provide for the safeguarding of the ambient air quality and give guidelines to prevent and
control air pollution. The first and eleventh schedules of the regulations provide a list of emissions and
those prohibited, controlled, and un-controlled air pollutants. The regulations also give ambient air
quality tolerance limits. The proponent is advised to adhere to this regulation.
Environmental Management and Co-ordination Act (Fossil Fuel Emission Control) Regulations, 2006:
The Fossil Fuel Emission Control Regulations provide for acceptable emission standards in Kenya.
Section 4 of the regulations states that any internal combustion engine for motor vehicles and generators
must comply with the emission standards provided for in the First Schedule of those regulations. Section 8
provides that any person intending to use any fuel catalysts other than those permitted by the
authority to disclose it and seek prior approval. Establishments (including construction sites and
operational substation sites) that use generators as alternative sources of energy must take account of
the regulation on the emission standards. The proponent is advised to comply with the provision
Environmental Management and Co-ordination Act (Noise and Excessive Vibrations) Regulations
2009:
These regulations define noise as any undesirable sound that is intrinsically objectionable or that may
cause adverse effects on human health or the environment. The regulations prohibit any person from
making or causing to be made any loud, unreasonable, unnecessary or unusual noise which annoys,
disturbs, injures or endangers the comfort, repose, health or safety of others and the environment.
The drilling activity will have only low vibration from the drill rig and by vehicular movement. The area is
sparsely settled hence the disturbance to people or wildlife will be minimum. There will be no night
operations at the sight.
Environmental Management and Coordination Act (Wetlands, River Banks, Lake Shores and Sea
Shore Management) Regulation, 2009:
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These regulations provide for the protection of all wetlands on both private and public land. The regulations
provide for sustainable exploitation of wetlands and are aimed at maintaining both the wetlands and
hydrological, ecological, social and economic functions and services.
The Environmental Management and Coordination Act (Conservation of Biodiversity and Resources,
Access to Genetic resources and Benefit Sharing) regulations, 2006
Part II- The Environmental Management and Coordination (Conservation of Biodiversity and Resources,
Access to Genetic resources and Benefit Sharing) regulations, 2006; Conservation of Biological Diversity of;
states that:
4 (1) A person shall not engage in any activity that may
(a)have an adverse impact on any ecosystem;
(b) lead to the introduction of any exotic species
(c)lead to unsustainable use of natural resources;
Without an Environmental Impact Assessment License issued by the National Environment Management
Authority (NEMA).The proponent has adhered to the provision of this Act by commissioning this EIA prior
to the commencement of the proposed project.
Wildlife Conservation and Management Act (cap 376)
This Act of parliament is implemented by the Government of Kenya through the Ministry of Environment
and Natural Resources in conjunction with other relevant government agencies such as Kenya Wildlife
Service. The act has provision for the preservation and control of wild fauna and flora. The intention of the
act is to ensure Kenyas fauna and flora flourish naturally in their habitats. Various marine and other national
parks apply the act in protecting flora and fauna in their areas of jurisdiction. The proponent shall not
interfere with any of the local wildlife though it should be noted the area has very limited wildlife species and
populations.
In conclusion, Kenya is therefore well served with legislation to provide for the protection and the
management of the terrestrial environment. However, implementation of the applicable statutes has not
always been as efficient as the legislators intended when parliament enacted the legislation. The EIA process
involved the relevant stakeholders in notifications, presentations, field visits and discussions to adhere with
the legal and administrative framework and to develop mitigation measures relevant to each sector.
The Factories and Other Places of Work Act Cap 514
The Act regulates the conditions under which workers are to operate. This Law among other things, caters
for the occupational health and safety of employees. Factual information about accidents that have happened
at site is to be recorded. The recording of work related injuries and accidents that involve fatalities; lost
workdays, medical treatment, job transfer, termination or loss of consciousness should be reported to the
factory inspectorate. Factories that employ at least twenty employees should have a safety and health
committee in which the employer and employees are represented. Though most of the provisions in this Act
are not applicable in an educational building, nevertheless, some of the provisions of the Act are pertinent,
for instance, the sections dealing with the issues of occupational health and safety as follows:
Health
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
Drainage of floors- floors should be made of material that allows good drainage
Cleanliness- dirt and refuse should be removed frequently
Overcrowding- every worker should have at least 350 cubic feet in a work room
Design- the workroom should not be less than 9 feet in height
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v.
vi.
vii.
Ventilation- there should be fresh air circulation in the room

Lighting- should be well illuminated
Protective clothing such as dust coats, safety boots, gloves and masks should be provided
Safety
i.
Precaution against falls- floors and ladders must be soundly constructed and properly maintained
and handrails provided for stairs
ii.
The contents of any room in which persons are employed shall be arranged or disposed that
there is free passageway for all people employed in the room to a means of escape in case of fire.
iii.
Warning of falling debris should be put and protection ensured. This includes warning of slippery
floor where it is applicable.
The proponent is aware of this Act and shall take necessary measure in accordance with the Law.
The Public Health Act (Cap 242):
Health and hygiene are particularly important where communities congregate for a shared resource such as
water. Section 116 requires Local Authorities to take all lawful, necessary and reasonably practicable measures
to maintain their jurisdiction clean and sanitary to prevent occurrence of nuisance or condition liable for
injurious or dangerous to human health. Part IX
Section 115 of the Act states that no person/institution shall cause nuisance or condition liable to be
injurious or dangerous to human health. Such nuisance or conditions are defined under Section 118. Any
noxious matter or waste water flowing or discharged from any premises into a public street or into the
gutter or side channel or water house, irrigation channel or bed not approved for discharge is also deemed as
a nuisance. The proponent shall adhere to the provisions of this Act.
Penal Code Cap 63
The above law prohibits the fouling of water, air and the emission of offensive noise and smell as follows:
Section 191 states that Any person who voluntarily corrupts or fouls water of any public spring or reservoir
so as to render it less fit for the purpose which it is ordinarily used, is guilty of a misdemeanor. The
proponent proposes to adhere to the law as set by this provision. The proponent hence recognizes the
provision as provided under the polluter pays principle and will take all necessary steps to adhere to the
said legal provisions.
The Forest Act, 2005:
This Act creates a new semiautonomous body, the Kenya Forest Service (KFS) and supportive
institutions for management and conservation of all types of forests. This Act mandates the KFS to
conserve and manage all forests. It also sets out the roles and responsibilities of communities in managing
forests. KFS is also responsible for formulating policies regarding the management, conservation and use of
all types of forest areas in the country. The Act embraces the concept of participatory forest
management and gives particular consideration to formation of forest community associations
(CFAs), which are recognized as partners in management. It enables members of forest communities
to enter into partnership with KFS through registered CFAs. It also allows ease arrangements by
interested groups to supplement Government efforts in plantation forest. With regards to ASDSP, the act is
important in the engagement and participation of CFAs in participatory management of forests, and
allowing the communities to accrue tangible economic benefits from conservation activities.
The Water Act, 2002:
This Act provides for the management and developments, conservation, use and control of water
resources and for the acquisition and regulation of rights to use water, to provide for the regulation and
management of water supply and sewerage services. The Act provides for increased and deliberate focus
on the two key sub-sectors: Water Resources Management (WRM) and Water and Sanitation Services
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(WSS). The Water Act commenced by virtue of Legal Notice No. 31 of 18 th March 2003 and Legal Notice No.
158 of 29th August 2003 provided for a reformed legal/institutional framework for the management
and development of Kenya's water resources and the provision of water services.
The Agriculture Act (Cap 318)

This Act is the principal land use statute covering inter alia soil conservation, agricultural land use and
conservation issues such as the preservation of soil fertility. The Act prohibits any land use practices that may
intensify soil erosion. They prohibit cutting down or destroying vegetation on any land of which the slope is
35 per cent, except if the activity is done within the conditions sanctioned by an agricultural officer. Section
48 on land preservation rules prohibits the cultivation, cutting down or destruction of vegetation on
any land of which the slope exceeds 20 percent. The rules stipulate strict regulations on the cultivation of
any land whose slope is between 12 percent and 35 per cent when the soil is not properly protected
from erosion. The Act also provides for protection of watercourses setting aside a riparian zone of a
minimum two meters equivalent to the width of river to a maximum of 30 meters. The drilling area is
generally flat country and hence the activities in the site will not facilitate soil erosion. However the
proponent will use the provisions of the Act in planning the drilling site and the Base Camp.
The Lakes and River Act, Cap 409, Laws of Kenya
This Act provides for protection of rivers, lakes and associated flora and fauna. The provisions of this Act are
enforced by the Water Resources Management Authority (WRMA). The Act in its Part IV specifies that the
Minister may make rules for protecting the bird or animal life on or in a lake or river. This Act in essence
has an environmental accent specific to the use of lakes and rivers and maintenance of the same with
respect to dredging and transportation. The drilling activities will not affect rivers or lakes as there are
none in the vicinity.
Mining Act Cap 306
Mining in Kenya has since independence been governed by the Mining Act Cap 306, of 1940 which was an
adapted version of the Mining Ordinance of 1933. Since its commencement, the Act has been revised twice in
1972 and 1987.
From the year 2004, the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources has been spearheading the review
of the mining law and policy. The product of this is the Mining Bill, 2013 which is proposed to replace the
Mining Act Cap 306. The ACT of Parliament will give effect to Articles 60, 62 (1)(f), 66(2) and 69 of the
Constitution in so far as they apply to minerals; provide for prospecting, mining, processing and any dealings
in minerals and for related purposes the relevant parts for this report is PART IIIGENERAL PRINCIPLES
10. (1) A person shall not search for, prospect, or mine a mineral or mineral deposit in Kenya unless that
person is granted a permit or license in accordance with this Act.
(2) A person shall not search for, prospect or mine any mineral or mineral deposit in
Kenya except in accordance with a mineral right granted under this Act.
Acquisition of rights in minerals.
11. A mineral right shall only be granted to or be held by a person who
(a) is of sound mind;
(b) has attained the age of eighteen years;
(c) is not an undischarged bankrupt; and
(d) is not otherwise disqualified under any written law.
(2) A mineral right may be granted to or held by a company
(a) registered and established in Kenya;
(b) that has not commenced voluntary winding up pursuant to the Companies Act;
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(c) not subject to winding up by a court pursuant to the Companies Act; or,
(d) not in liquidation.
Other important parts of the Bill are 39 (1) and (2), 40 (1), (2), (3) and 41 (1), (2) which provide for dealing
with land under mining and environmental protection of mining areas. The proponent shall be guided by the
legal framework on mining.
2.2: Multilateral Environmental Agreements
Kenya has ratified various international conventions that deal with the protection of the environment
that may be directly or indirectly applicable to activities under the exploratory drilling. These are as
follows: International Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) of 1992, which promotes the protection of
ecosystems and natural habitats, respects the traditional lifestyles of indigenous communities, and
promotes the sustainable use of resources. The drilling project shall limit damage to nature and shall
respect the indigenous communities livelihoods and lifestyles.
World Heritage Convention (1972), Kenya is also party to this convention which is concerned
with cultural and natural heritage. The convention deals with monuments and areas that are deemed
to be of outstanding universal value in terms of beauty, science and/or conservation. Kenya has
several sites that have been declared World Heritage Sites. Any deterioration or disappearance of
such heritage is a loss to all the nations of the world. The importance of wetlands and water
birds are also covered under the Ramsar Convention of 1971, which governs wetlands of
international importance. The convention entered into force in Kenya in 1990 and Kenya is
therefore committed to avoid degradation of wetlands under its jurisdiction. There no World Heritage
sites in the drilling area. However the proponent shall not interfere with local vegetation outside the
rig and base camp areas.
Agreement of the Conservation of Eurasian Migratory Water Birds (2001) and the African
Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (1968)- Kenya ratified this
convention which seeks to protect migratory water birds and also conservation of nature and natural
resources. It therefore important ensures that the proponent recognizes and safeguards nature and
natural resources.
The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wildlife Fauna and Flora
(CITES) 1973, which prohibits trade in endangered species and products such as Ivory and
rhino horn. The proponent shall ensure the project staff are notified of this convention and do not
violate it.
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC or FCCC) is an

international environmental treaty produced at the United Nations Conference on Environment and
Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, informally known as the Earth Summit. The
objective of the treaty is to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a
level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. The
principal update of the treaty is the Kyoto Protocol, which has become much better known
than the UNFCCC itself. Kenya has no set limits on greenhouse gases as per the Kyoto Protocol,
however the country expects production systems to reduce GHG
is in line with Kyoto. The
proponent shall therefore practice energy conservation and operate with well serviced machinery to
reduce emissions.
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The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCDD): Kenya is also a signatory to this
treaty which aims to combat desertification and mitigate the effects of drought through national
action programs that incorporate long -term strategies supported by international cooperation
and partnership arrangements. The Convention, the only convention stemming from a direct
recommendation of the Rio Conference's Agenda 21, was adopted in Paris on 17 June 1994
and entered into force in December 1996. It is the first and only internationally legally binding
framework set up to address the problem of desertification. The drilling project will take place in
semi-arid lands which are susceptible to desertification. The proponent shall therefore avoid any
destruction of vegetation and soil compaction in areas not required for drilling.
Other multilateral agreements of fringe importance include

African Convention of the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Algiers, 1968. Kenya
ratified this convention on 16 June, 1969.
The International Plant Protection Convention. (Rome, 1951). Kenya ratified this convention on 1 July,
1983.
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3.0:
DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT WORKS & ACTIVITIES
3.1: Objectives and drilling procedure

To establish whether hydrocarbons are present, in the selected Konton area in Wajir East Constituency, it is necessary
to drill an exploratory well. Exploratory drilling is undertaken to establish the presence of hydrocarbons indicated by
interpretation of seismic data after seismic survey. Exploratory drilling is a temporary and short duration activity and
includes site preparation, equipment assemblage, well foundation, rig building, drilling and restoration of the well site.
This proposed activity may take approximately 5 months under normal conditions. A Drilling rig is used for drilling the
well and involves rotation of drill bit, attached to a long string of a drill pipe down the well.
Drilling mud is pumped through the drill string through the drill bit, which returns up the annulus between the drill
string and bore. Drill mud is used to cool the drill bit while drilling, remove cuttings from the well, control formation
pressures, suspend and release cuttings, seal permeable formations, maintain well-bore stability, minimize reservoir
damage and cool and lubricate the bit.
The drill cuttings are separated from the drilling mud in shale shaker and the fluid is recirculated. If the presence of
hydrocarbons is detected during drilling, production testing is normally conducted. The production testing is carried
out to ascertain the reserves and economic viability.
3.2: Drilling of Exploratory Well

3.2.1: Site Selection and Acquisition
The location of the exact drill site in the Konton area depends
on the characteristics of the underlying geological formations
as shown by seismic data. It is generally possible to balance
environmental considerations with logistical needs, and the
need for efficient drilling.
A pad is constructed at the chosen site to accommodate
drilling equipment and support services. A pad for a single
exploration well occupies 120 x 100 m. The type of pad
construction will depend on terrain, soil conditions and
seasonal constraints.
Site Selection
Temporary land acquisition
Site & Access Road Preparation
Site Preparation & Assemblage of equipment
Drilling Activities
Well Testing
The exploration history of the area exhibits the potential for

presence of oil and gas traps in Block 1 and drilling in the
Decommissioning & Closure of Well(s)
Konton Area in Wajir East will help to understand the
3: Flow Chart showing various phases of Drilling
hydrocarbons prospect. Although the exact sitting of the wells Figure
Activities
has not been finalized, however, the initial well will be
confined within the defined Konton area and will avoid local sensitive areas.
3.2.2: Site Acquisition and Preparation
Land acquisition: The land within the block has been acquired temporary for drilling of the proposed well as
per PSC. An area of about 400m X 400m will be used for the construction of the well pad and drill site.
Site and Access road preparation: The site may require access road preparation, which will be used by AfrenEAX for transportation of machinery, equipment and drilling crew members. The existing airstrip at Khorof
Harar will continue to be used for transport of personnel by air. Movement of drilling rig and ancillary
equipment will involve multiple truck loads into the site. A provision will be kept for parking of these
vehicles within the proposed development site. Site preparation will involve all activities required to facilitate
the operation of the drilling rig and associated equipment and machinery. At the initial stage, the drilling site
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will be elevated from the existing ground level with minimal clearance of existing ground vegetation. The
loose top soil will be removed by using mechanical means and retained at a nearby area for later use during
site restoration. Leveling and compaction will also be done. Local earth and rubble will be used as the fill
material. Subsequently, the proposed well site and campsite will be duly fenced using chain link and barbed
wire.
A specially designed pit using an impervious liner will be provided as part of the site development for
disposal of drilling waste in the form of spent drilling mud and cuttings. In addition to that, a cuttings pit of
28m X 24m for disposal of drill cuttings
and two waste pits approximately 17m X
12m for disposal of drilling mud and rig
water will be provided.
A Campsite of size 200 x 200m, elevated
to the height as that of the drilling site,
will be set up close to the well site. Local
earth and rubble will be used as the fill
material. Proper surface gradients and
brick masonry drains will take care of the
run-off water, whereas separate septic
tanks and soak pits will be provided
within the staff camp for disposal of
domestic wastewater.
The transport of the Rig including
auxiliary equipment and camp facilities
to the site are expected to be delivered in
truck loads. The rig and related
equipment will be brought directly to
site, spares, mud preparing chemicals
and other materials will be stored at a
warehouse facility within the site. The rig
equipment will be transported directly to
the drilling site during mobilization and
will be de-mobilized directly from the
site.
Figure 4 Parts of Drilling Rig and a photo showing a Rig
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3.2.3: Pre-Drilling Activities

Preliminary site survey data analysis will provide information on:
Topography;
Identification of any physiographic obstructions;
Terrain geological structure to help design and plan for the layout of the rig;
The potential for shallow gas deposits at the location which can be hazardous to drilling.
Suitable site for Base Camp
Figure 5: A typical Base Camp
3.2.4: Well Drilling Mud
Drilling of wells requires specially formulated mud which basically comprises inert earth materials like
Bentonite, with several additives to give mud weight, fluidity and filter cake characteristics while drilling. The
drilling muds have several functions including lubrication and cooling of the drilling bits balancing subsurface
formation, bringing out the drill cuttings from the well bore, thixotrophic property to hold cuttings during
non-operations, formation of thin cake to prevent liquid along well bore. Several additives are mixed into the
mud system to give the required properties. Only water based drilling mud will be used. The quantity of
wastewater produced is estimated to be about 15 m3/day. The constituents of water based mud (WBM) are
given in Table 1.
Table 1: Ingredient of Water Based Drilling Fluid
Sr. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Chemicals
Barite
Bentonite
Carboxy Methyl Cellulose
Mud Thinner/Conditioner
Resinated Lignite
Non-Weighted Spotting Fluid
Sr. No.
7
8
9
10
11
12
Chemicals
Weighted Spotting Fluid
EP Lube
Drilling Detergent
Caustic Soda
Potassium Chloride
Soda Ash
3.2.5.: Drilling Equipment and Logistics
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An electrical type rig is likely to be used at the proposed Konton Area in Block 1. A summary of details of the
proposed drilling activities are given as follows (Table 2 and 3):
Table 2: Sample technical details of the proposed drilling activity
Well Location
Drilling Fluid
Quantity of Cuttings (unit Cu.m)
Quantity of drilling waste
Development plan in the event of strike
Test flaring
Table 3: Details of drilling rig(s) to be deployed
Type of Rig
Drilling mud composition
Diesel consumption
Manpower of Rig
Details of solid handling system on rig
Well depth
Konton Area
Approx. 3,000 m
Water based mud
200-300 cu.m/day
1,000 cu.m
To be defined after hydrocarbon find
2 to 3 days(depending on findings)
Electrical Rig
Water based drilling fluid
20m3/day
30-40 personnel on rotational shifts 12hrs/day
Shale Shakers, Desander, Desilter
To support the drilling operation bulk storage is provided for:

Cement
Fuel oil
Liquid mud
Bulk mud chemicals
Drill water
Potable water.
Drilling will be done using the electrical type drilling unit which
consists of a derrick at the top of which is mounted a crown block
and a hoisting block with a hook. From the swivel is suspended a
Kelly stem passes through a square of hexagonal Kelly bush which
fits into the rotary table. The rotary device receives the power to
driver it from an electric motor. The electric motor rotates the
rotary table which passes through the Kelly Bush and the rotations
are transmitted to the bit as the drilling progresses. Drill pipes in
singles are joined as stands (3 singles) and added to continue the Figure 6: Drilling Fluid Circulation
drilling process. At the end of the bit life, the drill pipes are pulled (Source: E&P Forum/UNEP 1997)
out in stands and stacked on the derrick platform. A stand normally has 3 single drill pipes. After changing
the bit, the drill string is run back into the hole and further drilling is continued. This process continues till
the target depth is reached.
During the course of drilling, cuttings are generated due to cutting action of the bit. These cuttings are
removed by continual flushing the well using drilling mud, circulated with duplex mud pumps. The mud
from the pumps discharges through the rotary hose connected to stationary of the swivel, the drill string and
bit nozzles. The mud coming out of the bit nozzles pushes the cuttings up hole and transports them to
surface through the annular space between the drill string and the hole. The not only carries away crushed
rock from the bottom of the hole, but also cools the drill bit as it get heated due to friction with formation
while rotating. The mud also helps in balancing sub-surface formation pressures and by forming a cake on
the walls of the well diminishes the possibility of crumbling or caving of the well bore.
At the surface, the mud coming out from well along with the cuttings falls in a trough, passes through the
solids control equipment i.e. shale shaker, de-sander and de-silter. This equipment removes the solids of
different sizes which get mixed with the mud during the course of drilling. The cleaned mud flows back to
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the suction tanks to be re-pumped into the well. The drilling mud/fluid circulation is thus a continuous cyclic
operation. A sketch of the drilling mud circulatory system is shown in Fig. 3. The most suitable clay for mud
preparation is Bentonite which is a capable of forming highly dispersed colloidal solutions. Various other
chemicals are also used in mud preparation as per requirements dictated by the temperature/pressure
conditions of the wells. The mud is continuously tested for its density, viscosity, yield point, water loss, pH
value etc. to ensure that the drilling operations can be sustained without any down hole complications.
3.2.4.3: Blow Out Preventors (BOPs)
In addition to careful monitoring and control of the fluid system and installation of casing in each section of the well, a
blow-out preventer stack (or BOP) consisting of a series of individual preventers will be installed on the wellhead after
the top hole sections have been drilled.
The function of the BOP is to prevent uncontrolled flow from the well by positively closing in the well-bore, if flow
from the well-bore is detected. The BOP is made up of a series of hydraulically operated rams and can be operated in
an emergency from the drill rig. The BOP will be rated for pressures well in excess of those expected to be encountered
in the well(s). During drilling operations small amounts of BOP fluid are typically discharged every two weeks, during
testing of the BOP.
3.2.5: Mud System and Cuttings
The Mud System will comprise of water based mud (drilling fluid) which will be pumped through the drill string down
to the drilling bit and returns between the drill pipe casing annulus up to surface back into the circulation system
after separation of drill cuttings /solids through solids control equipment (Refer to Fig 4). Drilling fluid is important to
the operation of drilling rig, as it performs the following functions:
1. Control the down hole pressure;
2. Lift soil/rock cuttings from the bottom of the borehole and carry them to a settling pit;
3. Allow cuttings to drop out in the mud pit so that they are not re-circulated (influenced by mud thickness, flow
rate in the settling pits and shape/size of the pits);
4. Prevent cuttings from rapidly settling while another length of drill pipe is being added (if cuttings drop too fast,
they can build up on top of the bit and seize it in the hole);
5. Create a film of small particles on the borehole wall to prevent caving and to ensure that the upward flowing
stream of drilling fluid does not erode the adjacent formation;
6. Seal the borehole wall to reduce fluid loss (minimizing volumes of drilling fluid is especially important in dry areas
where water must be carried from far away);
7. Cool and clean the drill bit; and
8. Lubricate the bit, bearings, mud pump and drill pipe.
The environment-friendly water-based mud system will be used for the exploratory well(s). Unlike an oil-based mud
system, the use of water-based mud will not pose higher risk of contamination to subsurface formations, furthermore
the disposal of the fluid and the cuttings will be less problematic. In the likelihood of borehole instability problems it
may be necessary to introduce a base salt, such as Potassium Sulphate (K 2SO4) into the system. Base salt additions will
only be considered after all accessed freshwater aquifers have been securely cased and cemented off.
The mud used during the operation will flush out formation cuttings from the well hole. These cuttings will be
separated from the drilling mud using a solids-control and waste management package. This will comprise a stepped
system of processes consisting of linear motion vibrating screens called shakers and centrifuges to mechanically
separate cuttings from the mud fluid. The mud from the hole is first screened in the shakers through a mud flow line
which separates 100 micron size of cuttings. Solids up-to 2microns in size are separated in a centrifuge. The mud is
then collected in mud tanks (Refer to Fig 7). Both the cuttings from the shale shakers and centrifuge are collected in a
solid discharge pit and then removed to a specially designed pit lined (with an impermeable liner). This cuttings pit has
a certain slope to drain off water in the adjacent waste pit. This pit after being filled up shall be covered with an
impermeable liner over which a thick layer of native top-soil with proper top slope will be provided.
Once the cuttings have been separated, the drilling fluid (WBM) will be reused or processed after further treatment in
a chemically enhanced dewatering (CED) system designed to remove suspended solids that are too fine for mechanical
28
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separation in the solids control package. The CED system comprises a chemical mixing and dosing unit and decanting
centrifuges.
The drilling and wash waste water will be confined to a lined waste pit and then disposed into the closest natural drain
after adequate treatment complying with the notified standards for disposal. Dilution in case of marginal excess of
standards can be ensured prior to disposal conforming to regulatory requirements.
Figure 7: Flow chart for Drilling Mud and Solid Discharge
The whole process by which the drilling fluid will be reused during the drilling operation is commonly known
as a closed loop system. This system is ideal for drilling operations in those areas, where water availability
is comparatively less as it cuts down the total water consumption for the formulation of drilling mud and
also saves the consumption of chemicals. The drilling fluid circulation system will be considered to enable the
drilling fluid to be recycled and maintained in good condition throughout the operation. Figure 7 shows the
schematic layout of drilling mud & solids discharge involved as a part of the drilling system for exploratory
wells.
The mud chemicals will be added to the mud system to adjust the mud properties and to ensure the
following functions:
Fluid Loss Control: A thin cake of cohesive mud on the wall of the well bore retards passage of liquid
into the surrounding rock formation. Bentonite as well as naturally occurring additives such as starch
and cellulose are used.
Lost Circulation: Naturally occurring fibrous, filamentous, granular or flake materials are used to stop
lost circulation when the drill bit enters a porous or fractured formation.
Lubricity: Normally the drilling fluid is sufficient to lubricate and cool the bit. However, under extreme
loading, other lubricants are added to prevent the drill string from becoming stuck.
Shale Inhibition: Potassium assists in the hydration of shales which in turns prevent their sloughing
into the well bore. This potassium ion is normally introduced to the mud via potassium chloride (KCl).
In this well, to minimize any impact on the environment, Potassium Sulphate (K2SO4) will be used.
pH Control: Caustic and lime are used to control the alkalinity of the fluid to a pH of 9 to 10. This
ensures the optimum performance of the polymers in the fluid and controls bacterial activity.
Pressure Control: Barite is generally used as a weighting agent to control down hole pressure.
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Cementing: Cementing is a necessary aspect of exploratory drilling of oil and gas wells. Cement is used to
fulfill the following works:
Secure/support casing strings
Isolate zones for production purposes
Cementing generally utilizes cement with various additives in small quantities as accelerators/retarders,
density adjusters, dispersants, fluid loss additives, and anti gas migration additives.
3.2.6: Well Casing
As the hole is drilled, casing is placed in the well to stabilize the hole
and prevent caving. The casing also isolates water-bearing and
hydrocarbon bearing zones. As shown in Figure 8 three or four
separate casing strings lengths of tubing of a given diameter may be
used in intermediate-depths wells. In locations where surface soils
may cave in during drilling, a conductor casing may be placed at the
surface, extending only twenty to one hundred feet from the surface.
This string is often placed before the drilling starts with a pile driver
(Berger and Anderson, 1992). The next string, or surface casing,
begins at the surface and may penetrate two thousand to three
thousand feet deep. Its primary purpose is to protect any surrounding
freshwater aquifer(s) from incursion of oil. The intermediate string
begins at the surface and ends within a couple thousand feet of the
bottom of the well bore. This section prevents the hole from caving in
and facilitates the movement of equipment used in the hole, e.g. drill
strings and logging tools.
The final production string extends the full length of the wellbore and
encases the downhole production equipment. Shallow wells may have
only two casing strings, and deeper wells may have multiple
intermediate casings. After each casing string has been installed,
cement is forced out through the bottom of the casing up the Figure 8: Example of casing strings
annulus to hold it in place and surface casing is cemented to the surface. Casing is cemented to prevent
migration of fluids behind the casing and to prevent communication of higher pressure productive
formations with lower pressure non-productive formations.
Casing is important for both drilling and production phases of operation, and must therefore be designed
properly because:1.
It prevents natural gas, oil, and /or any other substances from leaking out into any surrounding
freshwater aquifer(s),
2. It limits sediments from entering the wellbore, and
3. It facilitates the movement of equipment up and down the hole.
Several considerations are involved in planning the casing. First, the bottom of the wellbore must be large
enough to accommodate any pumping equipment that may be needed either upon commencement of
pumping, or in the later years of production; should commercially viable hydrocarbons be found in the
wellbore. Also, unusually pressurized zones will require thicker casing in that intermediate area. Any casing
strings that must fit within this string must be smaller, but must still accommodate the downhole equipment.
Finally, the driller is encouraged to keep the size of the hole to a minimum because as size increases, so does
cost and waste.
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3.2.7: Well Evaluation

During the drilling operations for different depths, logging operations are undertaken to get information on
the potential type and quantities of hydrocarbons present in the target formations. If the results of logging
indicate a potential for hydrocarbon bearing formations, the well may be tested. It is currently unknown
whether well tests will be undertaken; the potential impacts from this aspect have been included as a
precautionary measure. Well testing is carried out in accordance with a Testing Programme and subject to
the same approvals as the Drilling Programme.
Technicians use different logging techniques which include sonic and radioactive techniques. Logging
instruments (sensors) are attached to the bottom of a wire line and lowered to the bottom of the well and
they are then slowly brought back. The devices read different data as they pass each formation and record it
on graphs, which are interpreted by geologists, geophysicists and drilling engineer. No emissions to the
environment or any environmental harm is associated with wire line logging operations.
Normally, in the event that hydrocarbons are encountered in sufficient quantities, as determined by the
logging process, a temporary drill stem test string may be run where the well fluids will flow to surface and
be processed using a surface well testing package. The oil will then be stored and trucked off the site and
associated gas will be flared into the atmosphere.
3.2.8: Completion of Drilling
On completion of activities, the well is either plugged or suspended (if the well evaluations indicate
commercial quantities of hydrocarbons) or will be permanently abandoned. In the event of a decision to
suspend the well, it will be filled with a brine solution containing very small quantities of inhibitors to
protect the well. The well is then sealed with cement plugs and some of the wellhead equipment are left on
the surface (Cellar).
If the well is abandoned it is sealed with a series of cement plugs, all the wellhead equipment are removed
and the surface is left clear of any debris and the site restored.
3.2.9: Decommissioning & Closure of Well
After the completion of the drilling activity, partial de-mobilization of the drilling rig and associated
infrastructure will be initiated. As discussed earlier, well testing may be carried out immediately after the
drilling is completed. Complete de-mobilization of the facilities at site happens once well-testing is completed.
This involves the dismantling of the rig, all associated equipment and the residential camp, and
transportation out of the project area. Demobilization involves the trucking away of materials and equipment
from the site to restore it back to its original natural condition.
If no commercially viable amount of oil or gas is encountered either before or after testing, the well is
declared dry and accordingly, is plugged off and abandoned, and the site is restored in line with regulations
and good industry practice.
The following steps shall be used in rehabilitation of the drilling area:
The wellhead and all casing strings are cut off to a minimum depth of 3 m (10 ft) below ground level.
All concrete structures are broken up, and the debris disposed off in a safe manner
All other waste products, solid and liquid, are disposed off in accordance with the requirements of
the EIA and neutralized
All fencing and access gates are be removed from the rig area and base camp
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All pits are filled up with soil

Restoration of the area including landscaping is recommended
3.3: Resource Requirements
3.3.1: Manpower Requirement
The drilling rig will be operated by approximately 30 to 40 persons on the rig at any given time. The
manpower will operate in two shifts with coordinated rotations on the rig. Half the staff including security
personnel will be based on the well site, thus a Camp Site will be set up to provide staff boarding. Due to the
proximity of the proposed site to the insecure Somali Border, there need for large security support.
3.3.2: Time Requirement
Drilling is a temporary activity which will continue for about 5 months subject to availability of drilling
equipment and contractors. The rigs are self-contained for all routine jobs hence drilling operations should
proceed and end as per the schedule.
If the initial well is found to have sufficient hydrocarbons, it will be sealed off for future development, and
additional sites within the area will be identified for drilling of appraisal wells. The reason for this is to
estimate the extent of the well and hence calculate the quantity of hydrocarbons in the area.
3.3.3: Water Requirement and Water Balance
Water requirement in a drilling rig is mainly used for preparation of drilling mud, washings and domestic
use. Most of the water is therefore used for mud preparation with domestic usage being minimal because the
base camp population is low. The estimated daily water consumption is estimated at 15 m3/day used mainly
for mud preparation with under
3 m3/day, being used for domestic purposes including water used for drinking. The proponent should
therefore sink a borehole in the operation area for the rig operations and the base camp.
3.3.4: Power and storage Requirements
The drilling process requires movement of drill bit through the draw works which require power. This power
will be provided by Diesel Generator (DG) sets. A major part of the fuel will be consumed by the Rig and the
rest by the base camp. A fuel temporary storage facility at the site will be constructed. Other chemicals and
equipment used in the site will also require safe storage.
3.4: Analysis of Alternatives
Analysis of alternatives for the proposed project has been subdivided into two components. The first being
site option alternatives and secondly, technical alternatives feasible for use in the proposed project area. The
aim being to have minimize potential environmental impacts of the exploration drilling activities in the
proposed site(s) identified within Konton area in Block 1. Two simple alternatives are to drill or not to drill at
all. Drilling area is determined by data obtained from seismic survey. These data indicate areas where
hydrocarbons may be trapped in oil or gas-filled geological structures. However, without exploratory drilling,
seismic data alone is not enough evidence of presence of oil and gas. Neither can it show whether the
deposits are commercially viable nor the extent of the deposits.
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3.4.1: No drilling option

This option is determined by the geological history of any given place. An area which has potential for
hydrocarbons must have had at one time in the past had watery environment and life forms. Such areas then
experienced climate change and over millions of years sedimentary rocks overlay the area. High temperatures
and pressure then cook the organic micro-organisms into hydrocarbons which then are trapped in the
sedimentary rocks. Seismic survey reveals these geological formations which may have trapped hydrocarbons.
If the right geological formation is absent, then no drilling can be done. Other factors which influence
decisions to drill include topography, communication, logistics, security and available engineering technology.
If no drilling is done, then we will never know if the area has hydrocarbons or not. There will be no
possibility to drastically change the economy of the area and also the country from oil resources. The
livelihoods in Block 1 depend on pastoralism which exposes the community to frequent droughts and famine
because of the semi-arid nature of the climate here. Presence of hydrocarbons here will improve the local and
national economy through employment, creation of markets, improved infrastructure and improved living
standards and life expectancy.
3.4.2: Drilling in Konton Area
The proposed drilling in Konton area is driven by positive seismic data which shows high possibility of
hydrocarbons. However it is possible to vary the exact site to put up the rig and actual drill. This will be
determined by surface conditions including the presence of valuable vegetation. The proponent shall therefore
use the surface environmental factors in order to determine the exact drill point. The determination of the
exact site to drill shall be identified in conjunction with the local elders so that in case there are areas with
unique vegetation they may be avoided. Valuable trees shall be marked so that they are not displaced during
drilling.
3.4.2: Technical Alternatives: Directional Drilling
Directional Drilling is possible where the well cannot be positioned over
the target reservoir, for example where the drilling target lies under an
inaccessible or highly sensitive area as shown in Figure 9. Directional
drilling requires additional resources and time and is more complicated
and expensive than vertical drilling. There are no reasons for doing
directional drilling in this area as the environment is not sensitive nor are
there any geological formations that warrant such drilling.
Figure 9: illustration of
directional drilling
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4.0:
DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT AREA PHYSICAL ENVIRONEMNT
4.1: Wajir County Location and Profile

Wajir County is one of the 47 counties created under the Kenya Constitution of 2010. The county is located
in the North Eastern region of Kenya between latitudes 30N 60N and 0020N and Longitudes 390E and 410E
and covers an area of 56,685.9 Km2. It borders Somalia to the East, Ethiopia to the North, Mandera County
to the Northeast, Isiolo County to the South West, Marsabit County to the West and Garissa County to the
South. The county experiences annual average relative humidity of 61.8% which ranges from 56% in
February to 68 % in June. It receives on average of 240 mm precipitation annually or 20 mm each month
and an average temperature of 27.9 C.
Figure 10: Wajir position in Kenya Counties
4.2: Administrative units

4.2.1: Administrative sub divisions (Sub county, divisions, locations)
Administratively, The County comprises of eight sub-counties namely Wajir East, Tarbaj, Wajir West, Eldas,
Wajir North, Buna, Habaswein and Wajir South. It is further divided into 28 divisions, 128 locations and 159
sub locations. The county has 6 constituencies namely Wajir East, Tarbaj, Wajir west, Eldas, Wajir South
and Wajir North and has 30 electoral wards. Wajir North and Wajir South constituencies have the
largest number of wards at 7, and the rest have 4 each.
Projections from the Kenya 2009 Population and Housing census indicate that the county has a
total population of 727,965 which is projected to be 852,963 in 2017. Males comprise 55 per cent of the
population whereas female population account for 45 per cent. The county has an inter-censual growth rate
of 3.22 per cent which is higher than the national population growth rate of 3.0 per cent. The average county
population density stands at 13 persons per square kilometre. The county has a total of 440 Km graveled
roads, out of 5,280 Km road network. The rest of the roads are earthen and unclassified. The county has no
tarmac road or rail network. However, the county has an international airport in Wajir and 7 airstrips
(Habaswein, Khorof Harar, Wagalla, Buna, Bute, Tarbaj, and Diff). The county has three mobile service
providers namely Safaricom, Airtel and Orange providing a mobile network connection of 20 per cent
limited to main settlement areas. There are 203 primary schools with a total enrolment of 59,065
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NZ
pupils of which 35,928 are boys and 23,137 are girls. The primary school retention and transition rates
are 51 percent and 58 per cent respectively. There are 34 secondary schools with 5,122 boys against 2,073
girls. The completion and retention rates are 90 per cent and 87 percent. Moreover, there are four
youth polytechnics (Wajir, Habaswein, and Griftu polytechnics) and one tertiary institution. Adult literacy is
low at 23.6 per cent.
The main types of livestock are cattle (mostly Borana type and dairy crosses), sheep, goats (dominantly
Totenberg goats), camels and donkeys. Poultry keeping is more pronounced in Wajir Town. According to the
2009 population and housing census, there were 794, 552 cattle, 1,406,883 sheep, 1,866,226 goats, 115,503
donkeys and 533,651 camels. The production of milk and meat is estimated at 3,875,940 litres and 191,100
Kgs per year respectively.
The main source of water is the seasonal Ewaso Nyiro River. Other sources of water include boreholes,
shallow wells, pans and dams all used for human and livestock consumption. Lake Yahud, which is an
underground and permanent lake, situated on the periphery of Wajir town provides water for wildlife and
quarry activities although the water is saline and not safe for drinking. There are 14,360 shallow wells,
206 water pans and 98 bore holes. The major users of water are livestock at 53% and domestic use at
30%. There are 80 public health facilities, 27 private facilities and 2 facilities run by NGO/missions.
The county has 10 level IV hospitals, 26 level III health centers, 46 level II health centers, 46 dispensaries and
24 clinics. According to the 2005/2006 KIHBS, 95.9 per cent of the population has to cover more
than 5 Km to access a health facility and only 4.1 per cent access a health facility within less than 1Km.
The HIV prevalence rate is 0.9 per cent which is lower than the national one at 6.7 per cent.
Figure 11: Wajir Constituency and Ward administrative units

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4.3: Physiographic and natural the environment

4.3.1: Physical and Topographic Features
Wajir County is a featureless plain and lies between 150 metres and 460 metres above sea level and along
latitude 145N and longitude 404E. Its average altitude is 244 m (801 ft.). The plain rises gently from the
south and east towards the north rising to 200 metres at Buna and 460 metres at Bute and Gurar at the
foothills of Ethiopian highlands. There is the highly seasonal Ewaso Nyiro River and Lake Yahud. The county
is prone to seasonal flooding during the rainy seasons which makes roads impassable. The county has
seasonal swamps which together with drainage lines serve as grazing zones during dry season and for
cultivation during the rainy seasons. The seasonal swamps are in Lagboghol area and in the western and
southern part of Habaswein area. The county is generally covered with young sedimentary rocks with loamy
soils in the north bordering the Ethiopian highlands. The county has considerable deposits of Limestone and
sand which are used in the local building industry.
4.3.2: Ecological Conditions
Wajir County is a semi-arid environment falling in the ecological zone V-VI. Zone V receives rainfall between
300-600mm annually, has low tree cover comprising grass and shrubs. On the other hand, zone VI receives
an annual rainfall of 200-400mm. The county receives an average of 240 mm of rainfall per year. The
rainfall is usually erratic and short in duration making it unfavorable for lush vegetation growth.
There are two rainy seasons - the short and long rains. The short rains are experienced between October to
December and the long rains from March to May each year. Crop activity is carried out in the Lorian swamp
and along the drainage lines in Bute. The crops grown in the area are sorghum, beans and vegetables.
4.3.3: Climatic Conditions
The county experiences annual average relative humidity of 61.8 per cent which ranges from 56 per cent in
February to 68 per cent in June. The county does not experience frost conditions. The county receives an
average of 240 mm precipitation annually or 20 mm each month. There are 24 days annually in which
greater than 0.1 mm of precipitation (rain, sleet, snow or hail). June is the driest month with an average
of 1 mm of rain across zero days while April is the wettest month with an average of 68 mm of rain, sleet,
hail or snow across 6 days. The higher areas of Bute and Gurar receive higher rainfall of between
500mm and 700mm. The average temperature is 27.9 C. The range of average monthly temperatures is 3.5
C. The warmest months are February & March with an average of 36C while the coolest months
are June, July, August & September with an average low of 21 C.
4.4: Demographic Features
4.4.1: Population Size and Composition
Projections from the Kenya 2009 Population and Housing census indicate that the county has a total
population of 727,965 which is projected to be 852,963 in 2017. Males Wajir First County
Integrated Development Plan, 2013 comprise 55 per cent of the population whereas female population
account for 45 per cent. The county has an inter-censual growth rate of 3.22 per cent which is higher than
the national population growth rate of 3.0 per cent. The age cohorts reveal that 84.2 per cent of the
population is below 29 years. This has a significant impact on the county resources as more resources
will be required in education and health facilities and employment creation opportunities. Over 54.06 per
cent of the population is aged between 0-14 and above 65 years. This age group is dependent on the working
proportion aged 15 -64. This implies a very high dependency ratio, which is expected to bring down
productivity in the county. It is therefore that the area has very young population and most of it unemployed.
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4.4.2: Energy Access (Main Sources of energy, Electricity coverage)

According to the KIHBS 2005/6, 98.4 per cent of the county households depend on wood fuel
(Firewood and Charcoal) for cooking and 31.5 per cent depend on lantern for lighting. 96.6 per cent of
households use traditional stone fire for cooking. Wajir, Habaswein and Eldas centers are connected to
the national grid where 3,039 (2009 KPHC) households are supplied with power. However, efforts are
being made to connect Griftu and Bute market centers through the Kenya Rural Electrification
Programme. Connection to Abakore, Tarbaj and Eldas market centers is on-going. Solar energy accounts for
0.2 per cent (2009 KPHC) of energy source but is also limited to schools and health facilities.
4.4.3: Markets and Urban Centres
There are 13 trading centers with the main ones being Wajir, Habaswein, Bute, Griftu, Kotulo, Buna, Eldas
and Tarbaj. The main business is retail with 500 registered traders. In addition, there are 12 registered
wholesalers. Wajir town is the major livestock market and also the main source of livestock sector inputs.
Small selling points have been established in all the market centers mainly for local trade.
4.5: Land use
4.5.1: Mean holding size
The mean land holding size for the county is 7.8 Ha. Majority of the people practice nomadic
pastoralism where the large portion of the land is used as grazing zones. There are however few farmers who
practice small scale farming. The entire county is categorized as trust land apart from a small percentage of
the total area occupied by townships. The land is mostly used communally for nomadic pastoralism;
however, some small areas are exclusively under small scale agriculture by individuals or groups.
4.5.2: Main Livestock Breed
The main types of livestock are cattle (mostly Borana type and dairy crosses), sheep, goats
(dominantly Totenberg goats), camels and donkeys. Poultry keeping is more pronounced in Wajir Town.
According to the 2009 population and housing census, there were 794, 552 cattle, 1,406,883 sheep, 1,866,226
goats, 115,503 donkeys and 533,651 camels. The production of milk and meat is estimated at 3,875,940
litres and 191,100 Kgs respectively per year.
4.6: Mining
4.6.1: On-going activities
Limestone rocks and quarrying are the major on-going activities in the county. There is oil prospecting in the
North East part along the Somalia border as well as oil exploitation on the eastern part of the county. The
county has abundant limestone deposits for cement production. A feasibility study is required to establish the
viability of setting up a cement factory in the county. At present, traditional methods are used to break down
limestone into whitewash which is used as a substitute for cement. At the moment there are between
2,000 and 3,000 people employed in quarry activities.
4.7: Water and Sanitation
4.7.1: Water resources and quality
The main source of water is the seasonal Ewaso Nyiro River. Other sources of water include
boreholes, shallow wells, pans and dams for human and livestock consumption. Lake Yahud, which is an
underground and permanent lake, situated on the periphery of Wajir town provides water for wildlife and
quarry activities although the water is saline and not safe for drinking. There are 14,360 shallow wells, 206
water pans and 98 bore holes. The major users of water are livestock at 53% and domestic use at 30%.
4.8: Geology and Geomorphology of the North Eastern Kenya
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The Mandera-Lugh Basin is a sub-basin on the western flank of the much larger and extensive Ogaden Basin,
shown in Figure 12, and 14 surface geology and the main structural stratification. The map also shows the
main geology consisting of Cretaceous, Tertiary and the Jurassic geological basins. The basin as a whole,
stretching from northeast southwest was formed during the Carboniferous to Triassic times with
continental rift infill of the Karoo Group, followed by a phase of intra-cratonic Post-Rift sag and passive infill
through the whole region during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.
The whole region experienced regional uplift during Oligo-Miocene times and has high probability of
hydrocarbon deposits based on its geological history. Evidence of such a possibility is oil and gas deposits find
elsewhere in the Ogaden and Sudan and possibly in Ethiopia which share the same geological history.
Figure 12: Geology of the exploration area (Block 1)
Figure 13: Basin Geology Rocks same as in Ogaden Basin
The similarity between the stratigraphy of the Mandera and Ogaden basins is shown on the Figure 12. The
Permian and Triassic continental sections of the Karoo Group have been penetrated by wells in the Ogaden
basin and also by stratigraphic test wells Elgal-1 and Elgal-2 to the south of block 01. They are over mature in
these latter wells, but the Permo-Triassic Bokh shales and Elgal shales are very likely the equivalent lacustrine
source facies of the same age within the Karoo Group throughout East Africa. Other potential source rock
and reservoir rock units have been penetrated in the Ogaden and field mapping in block 01 has shown that
similar facies are present in the area. Therefore, an overall understanding of the Ogaden basin petroleum
system provides the analogue for the Mandera-Lugh Basin.
4.9: Block 1 Hydrocarbons Prospects
There is a close relationship between hydrocarbons potential and the occurrence of such ancient sedimentary
basins mentioned earlier, which have the potential for good source rocks. In addition to the presence of good
mature source rocks, the occurrence of hydrocarbons reserves depends also on the timely evolution of good
reservoir rocks, and traps. Sandstones and carbonates are good reservoir rocks while shale horizons generate
good traps.
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The oil seep and tar staining

observed in this water well, and
in the adjacent 52m borehole
cored by Total at Tarbaj in the
south east of the block, is
significant in that it demonstrates
Figure 14: History of Petroleum Exploration in Block 1
clearly that oil has been
generated at some point in the basins history. The surface seep is also unique because it is the only one of
its kind recorded in Kenya. There are also reports of heavy oils encountered in fractured carbonates of the
Middle Jurassic Murri Formation at outcrops. The Tarbaj location is shown both on the seismic/surface
geology map on the left and on seismic line 90-120. The seep occurs close to surface in the Lower Jurassic
Mansa Guda sandstone, coloured dark blue on the seismic line. A simple model of generation and migration
from a potential source rock in the Didimtu Lst sitting above the Mansa Guda or from the deeper Elgal
shales in the basin centre into the Mansa Guda on the flanks is invoked. Timing of generation probably
reached a maximum in earliest Tertiary immediately prior to regional uplift during the Miocene. The
proposed drilling in the area will provide good data on the hydrocarbon situation in the area and end the
present speculation about the presence of oil in the area.
Figure 15: Tarbaj Oil Seep
Several, potentially very large structural leads have been identified on previous interpretation of the sparse
seismic and mapping of the main reservoir intervals. These leads, defined on only 2-3 lines at most are
potentially very large up to 200 square kilometers in the case of Golberobe. The Khorrof lead in the south
and the Sengif lead in the north are the only other identified leads at present.
39
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Afren-EAX acquired an additional 1,900km seismic lines in

Block 1 for interpretation to identify commercially viable
hydrocarbon leads. To verify these leads, Afren-EAX will
have to drill an exploratory well as is the common
practice in the petroleum industry.
Figure 16: Known Leads elsewhere in the basin
In conclusion, potentially good rock and reservoir rocks

for hydrocarbon deposits have been observed along the
Golberobe and the Khorof leads. The possibility of
hydrocarbon reserves therefore exist, however, exploration
and drilling is required before there can be any certainty,
hence the reason for the proposed drilling in Konton.
4.10: Biological Environment

4.10.1: Vegetation and soil
The project area has sparse vegetation consisting of dry scrubland dominated by acacia shrubs. Concentration
of vegetation appears around the dry river beds. There is evidence of overgrazing because land degradation is
evident in many parts. Grasses seems to have been replaced by acacia bushes and in cases where they remain,
they are only in form stubs. The soils are reddish sand soils. The basement rock is mostly sedimentary
especially on the open plains. The area has evidence of desertification in some areas which have experienced
high grazing pressure. The problem of climate change is going to make the county more vulnerable to
desertification.
The main uses of the local vegetation besides grazing is production of gum and resin, charcoal, firewood,
building posts, barks, honey, wood carvings and wild fruits. Firewood is harvested for individual household
use and for sale to households living around town and food kiosks.
Figure 17: Scrubland vegetation dominated by scattered acacia shrubs and isolated bushes.
Source Photograph by Ecolife EIA Team, 2014
4.10.2: Wildlife
The area was once rich in wildlife but due habitat loss, competition with livestock and hunting, the wildlife
has become rare. However, occasionally, one can spot giraffes, gazelles, antelopes though these species are
now very rare. The test drilling work will therefore not affect local wildlife as they have since been displaced.
40
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4.11: Socio-Economic Environment and Livelihoods

The region survives on pastoralism which is vulnerable to frequent drought with pastoralists losing thousands
of livestock during the frequent drought periods. Indeed, according to Kenya Food Security Working Group
(KFSWG, 2009), the trend in food security has been worsening especially in Isiolo, Wajir and Mandera. There
is severe lack of employment and whenever drought strikes, the communities in this area become destitute
and have to rely on food handouts from government and NGOs. The frequent droughts increases tribal
conflicts due to reduced resources mostly water rights and pasture. The area therefore requires change of
livelihoods. A discovery of hydrocarbons can have a massive positive impact on the economy of the area and
by extension the new county government by providing employment and market for local produce.
4.11.1: Settlement Patterns (Wajir East)
Wajirs Central Division has the highest population density of 27 persons per km 2. This is explained by the
fact that Central Division is the District Headquarters where large businesses, employment opportunities and
informal sector income generating activities are concentrated. Outside the Town, are the grazing open lands
with scattered settlements.
The demographic structures of population are important variables in the development process, since they
determine the pattern of resource utilization and a pool for labour in case of new investment. The county has
an inter-censal growth rate of 3.7% higher than the national population growth rate of 2.9%. In a county
where the 63% of the population live in absolute poverty, such an increase in population has direct impact
on the basic needs of food, water, health and education for all ages and hence the need for new investment.
The first priority is self sustenance in food; hence much effort should be made to increase food production to
cater for the increasing population. In the water sector, the expectation is that the available water sources
will be tapped to increase the volume of clean water for consumption. The health sector is expected to
enhance its effort to increase the available facilities, personnel and supply of medicine accordingly.
A discovery of hydrocarbons will drastically change the scenario in a positive manner and thus increasing
investment and commerce in the area.
Table 4: Population projections by Division
Division
2008
2010
2012
Total
Total
Total
Central
46,133
43,647
89,781
51,528
47,730
99,258
55,732
51,625
107,358
Tarbaj
21,641
18,438
40,079
24,172
20,163
44,335
26,144
21,808
47,952
Wajir-Bor
16,599
13,429
30,028
18,540
14,685
33,225
20,053
15,883
35,936
Kutulo
21,929
18,605
40,535
24,493
20,346
44,839
26,492
22,006
48,498
Total
106,302
94,120
200,42
2
118,733
102,924 221,656 128,421
111,323
239,744
Source: KNBS Wajir 2008
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Table 5: Population distributions and density by administrative division 2008 2012
Division
Area km2
Central
Tarbaj
Wajir-bor
Kotulo
Total
2673
5382
4163
2253
14471
2008
Pop
89781
40079
30028
40535
200422
2010
Density
33
7
7
18
14
Pop
99258
44335
33225
44839
221656
Density
37
8
8
20
15
2012
Pop
107358
47952
35936
48498
239744
Density
40
9
8
22
17
Source: KNBS Wajir East.

4.12: Sector Profile
A. Livestock This is the economic mainstay of the community in the area; more than 70% of the
population directly/indirectly draw their livelihood from this sector. The major livestock kept in the
County are camels, goats, sheep, donkeys and cattle. The main objectives are; improving animal health,
value addition for animal products and marketing networks to facilitate commercialisation of the industry
in the Area.
B. Agriculture Farming is practiced mainly in the irrigated zones along Ewaso Nyiro. The major crops
grown here are maize, sorghum and cow peas. Pawpaw, mangoes, bananas, water melons, kales and
tomatoes are also grown. The average farm holding in the irrigated agriculture ranges between 0.4 ha
1ha while those of rain fed ranges between 2ha -4ha. The Ministry has initiated some programmes such
as Njaa Marufuku, use of certified seeds and provision of extension services to increase agricultural
production and attain food security. It also advices and disseminates new technologies to farmers and
give other services through field demonstrations for value addition.
C. Trade The County is strategically positioned to accommodate both local and cross- border trade. Trade
has significantly grown over time and currently the commercial sector is an economic strong hold in the
County. The trade potential is still not yet fully exploited, especially, because of tensions that sometimes
exist between the communities.
D. Land Most of the land in the County is trust Land or Government owned. Private ownership is only
limited to market centres. Most of the land in the District is used for graze lands, with pockets of land
used for rain fed & irrigation agriculture; total acreage under food crops is 3640ha.
E. Environment and Mineral resources: There is Environmental degradation as a result of quarrying & soil
erosion, quarries are left open and posses risks to human beings and animal life. Overgrazing is another
major environmental hazard that has resulted to massive degradation. Poor waste disposal is also
rampant in settlement areas & in trading centres. Currently, there is no major mining taking place in the
County, but there are deposits not yet exploited such as, sand, gemstones, building stones and prospects
of oil deposits.
F. Education: The County has the following enrolment rates; primary (male 64%, female 34%);
secondary (16% male & 12%). There are a total of 250 primary school teachers which translates to
teacher: pupil ratio of 1:78, with 178 secondary school teachers, the ratio is 1:22. The County has 41
primary schools, 8 secondary schools and one youth polytechnic.
42
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5.0:
DESCRIPTION OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
5.1: Findings
Drilling operations produce localised impacts whose which are felt within a localised area where the drilling is actually
done. However, the impacts on the environment should therefore be analysed mostly based on the activities of the
operation machinery, crew and support staff within the area of congregation (base camp). The area where the base
camp will be established is not a sensitive environment. The area is a semi arid environment with scattered bushes
hence low vegetation displacement is expected. It is also far from urban settlements where most of the local
communities are settled in the Wajir Township.
The following section discusses some of the potential impacts on the environment and proposed mitigation measures.
They include impacts on:
Biological environment
Pedo-lithosphere environment (soil)
Physical environment
Human and social environment
5.2: Biological Environment

5.2.1: Impacts on vegetation
Clearing of bushes at the rig site and base camp may lead to increased vulnerability to desertification due to
cleared bushes thus exposing soil to increased soil compaction and erosion. However, the area is a flat
country hence low potential of erosion rills and gulleys developing. Once vegetation is displaced it takes
many years to regenerate due to low moisture availability. There is low expected loss of local plant
biodiversity because the operations are one off and restricted to designated rig and base camp area.
Mitigation
Locate the rig in mostly open ground and the base camp in open country too. Mark trees that are uniquely
used by the community probably for medicinal value or resin. Such trees should not be cut. Large trees
should also be left out.
Significant rating: - medium
5.2.2: Impacts on wildlife

The area of operations has very low wildlife species and population. These have been almost depleted due to
pressure from hunting. It is therefore expected no wildlife will be displaced due to the drilling operations.
However a possibility of low displacement of some localized species may be possible.
Mitigation
The proponent should inform all staff in the camp never to disrupt deliberately any wildlife that may be
sighted around the area.
Significant rating: Low
5.2.3: Impacts on soil
Under normal circumstances no or little top will be removed. Top soil within the rig site will be compacted
and in the base camp area too. However these impacts are limited since the operation area is localized. Soil
compaction may lead to poor water infiltration and higher soil erosion. Soil pollution may also occur around
the base Camp or drilling point due to possible oil spillage, litter and organic waste.
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Mitigation
Restrict clearing operation to the operation area mostly the rig site and base camp. Machine and personnel
operations should be restricted to operation areas only. The proponent should ensure no oil spillage within
the operation zone and, in case of accidental spillage, such oil should be neutralized.
5.2.4: Waste management mitigation measures
The base camp is expected to have approximately 300 personnel including security personnel. Wastes
generated will be both solid waste and liquid effluent. All liquid effluent should be managed as follows:
Liquid effluent
A high capacity septic tank should be constructed that can effectively handle effluent for more than 300
persons. A soak pit should also be constructed for grey water from cooking sinks, laundry and other related
facilities. All storm water should be directed through designed channels to the environment.
Solid waste
All solid waste generated from several sources in the Base Camp for instance, food packaging, cans, paper,
bottles and scrap should be segregated. The non-biodegradable waste is expected to be low. These should be
burned in a designated pit. Cans and plastic bottles should be delivered to recyclers
All biodegradable waste should be put in a designated composting pit and covered with soil for easier
decomposition.
5.2.5: Biomedical waste
It is expected there will be biomedical waste generated from the proposed medical clinic to be set up at the base camp.
Biomedical waste from the clinic should be safely stored in leak proof containers, ferried and deposed off as per
hazardous waste guidelines with most of it being incinerated.
Significant rating: Medium
5.2.6: Potential impacts on water resources

The proposed area of operation has no surface water source. The Base Camp will drill its own borehole. The water will
be exclusive for the Camp personnel. On completion of the exploration, the local community (with consultation from
local administration) will be added over the borehole (if they so wish).
Significant rating: High for positive impacts of the proposed borehole.
5.2.7: Potential impacts of noise and vibrations

Drilling operation produce limited noise and vibrations to the environment. The vibrations are localized and only
limited to the point of drilling. The impacts of noise can only impact negatively on the operation crew but this is
clearly mitigated by the use of operational safety gear.
Mitigation
The contractor should ensure all the crew wear safety gear during the operation.
5.2.8: Impacts on the physical environment

The physical environment will be affected through change of aesthetics due to camp site and also by cleared areas at
the surfaces where drilling operations will be acquired. The physical impacts are expected to be temporary though
because at the end of the operation, the scenic normal environment should return to normal.
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Mitigation
Table 6: Mitigation Measures for Potential Impacts on the Physical Environment
ACITIVITY
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
MITIGATION MEASURES
Drilling
and Base
Camp
Vegetation clearing, soil

compaction and erosion. Lose of
aesthetics, localized changes in
surface hydrology, emissions, dust,
disturbance of local population
and wildlife.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Restrict vegetation clearing to absolute necessity

Use roofing that blends well with environment
Ensure prevailing drainage is maintained
Use water to reduce dust emission
Do not interfere with any local wildlife including
birds and squirrels
5.2.9: Impacts on Climate Change

Climate change has become a major global environmental issue since the realisation that our planet
temperatures have been rising due to the so called greenhouse gases. One key greenhouse gas is carbon
dioxide which is emitted by the burning of fossil fuels. This is inevitable during the drilling operations
because of the drilling rigs, vehicles and machinery.
Mitigation
One of the key recommendations of reducing greenhouse gases is energy conservation besides other methods.
Energy conservation in our case will involve the drilling rig, operating machines and use of vehicles only
when involved in key operations. The drilling operation is a small scale activity hence minimal contribution to
carbon dioxide emission into the atmosphere.
5.2.10: Occupational health and Safety and security
The challenge of occupational health and safety and security is in two forms, namely: Issues related to operational health and safety from dust, injuries from falls and machines and other related
incidences and issues of insecurity common in the Northern Kenya region. Many of these concerns are
discussed in the environmental management plan, however in summary, the following mitigation measures
are proposed.
Mitigation measures
We propose issues of occupational health and safety should addresses by the contractor as follows:Ensure all workers are provided with, and enforce the use of safety gear. These should include operation
safety clothing, heavy boots, overall clothing, head gear, gloves, dust filters and ear muffles. Drilling
operations requires replacement of bits and pipes. The chances of being injured by falling pipes are high. The
contractor should be alert and ensure safety regulations are strictly followed.
A comprehensive security plan including contracted security professionals and local law enforcement officers
is to be drafted and implemented with cooperation of all local stakeholders, including community leaders and
national and local government representatives.
45
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6.0:
DESCRIPTION OF POTENTIAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS
6.1: Stakeholder Consultations

In order to get comprehensive stakeholder involvement and consultation we conducted a two week fieldwork
in the area. During this period, key stakeholders were contacted for their opinion on the proposed drilling
activities. We also organized stakeholder workshop at two levels namely at the County and Community levels.
The county stakeholder workshop was held in Wajir on 28th March 2014 in the morning section while in the
afternoon the community forum was held in Khorof Harar.
The community raised many issues mostly about their livelihoods support. The proponent and the EIA Expert
presented the proposed activities and the expected issues and outcomes. The following are some of the major
social issues raised and the proposed corresponding mitigation measures.
IMPACT/ISSUE
Conflict of socio-cultural and

religious values.
Conflict over resources
Investment in corporate social

responsibility projects
Occupational health and safety

hazards
Conflicts arising from the

operation.
Commit to ensure awareness of the community is done over the activities of

the drilling and on the vehicles to be used to transport machinery and goods
to the operational area.
Commit to maximize the local benefits of the operations and focus on

opportunities to integrate local business into the contractor's supply and
create jobs for local workforce
Road safety
Provision of economic & social

benefits.
MITIGATION
Sensitize field staff on local norms and culture which they should respect
including local communitys socio-cultural and religious values
The operation personnel shall understand the communities way of life and
ethics.
Minimize personnel contacts with the community to avoid possible cultural
friction.
Ensure drilling activities and the Base Camp has their independent water source
such as borehole so that they do not compete with community for water
resources.
Ensure the rig site and the Base camp is fenced off and the gate is securely
manned to prevent unauthorized persons and livestock
The proponent to invest in community development projects in line with the
company's philosophy.
The proponent to consult the local community in identification of the projects
in respect of their most felt needs
Where possible ensure employment for none technical staff jobs comes from
the local community and is done with local consultation
Create a secure and safe environment for people and assets within the
operation area and ensure compliance to the occupational health and safety
Act 2007.
Commit to engage the local community in constant consultation before and
during the drilling
Ensure there are communication channels for feedback from the community.
This can be done in a structured way through creation of a liaison committee
drawing representatives from each location within the operation area and the
proponent.
This committee shall be responsible for conflict resolution together with the
local administration.
This committee shall be the channel through which the community members
shall submit their concerns to the proponent.
Prioritize on hiring and sourcing from local communities
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Provide economic and social benefits to impacted communities, minimizing

the environmental footprints whenever possible.
Investigate ways to help build local capacity through education and training
Ensure consultations with the community through local elders and

administration to disseminate the proposed activity time-schedules to avoid
Interference with livelihoods direct interference or conflict with the herdsmen.
through
interference
with The proponent should ensure there are benefits to the communities by handing
pastureland land
over the Base Camp borehole and any other project feasible within the
proponents budget.
Offer employment to locals for unskilled-labour and or semi-skilled if
opportunities arise.
6.2: Evaluation
Most of the predicted social negative impacts are considered to be low in scale. However, they need to be
addressed in order to ensure a successful operation of the proposed exploration drilling and to guarantee
community cooperation and good relationship with the communities. On the other hand the positive
benefits are substantive.
Figure 18: Consultative meeting with County Level Key Stakeholders in Wajir (left) and Local Stakeholders in Khorof (Right)
47
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7.0:
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
7.1: Risk Assessment

This section provides an assessment of the potential environmental risks that may arise from project
operations and proposes appropriate mitigation measures to reduce occupation risk and health to operation
workers and the environment in the affected areas. Risk assessment is done through risk analysis, which
involves examining possible risk probability levels and the significance rating for the identified risks to the
environment and health and safety of personnel, Table 7.
Table 7: Risk Analysis and Significance Rating Matrix
A
B
C
D
E
Rating
1
No risk
Low risk unlikely to
occur
Medium low risk possibility of rare
occurrence
Medium high risk
possibility of isolated
incidents
High risk - possibility of
repeated incidents
Environmental Impact
No or minor environmental
impact
Significance Rating
Severity
Significance Rating
Probability
Category
Severity
Definition
Rating
Severity
No or minor
environmental impact
Slight environmental
impact
Moderate environmental
impact
Serious environmental
impact
Disastrous environmental
impact
Health and Safety
Public Disruption
No or minor impact on personnel
None
Slight environmental impact
Medical treatment for personnel/no

impact on public
Minor
Moderate environmental
impact
Medical treatment for personnel and

minor for public
Small Community
Serious environmental
impact
Medical treatment for personnel and

limited for public
Moderate Community
Disastrous environmental
impact
Disastrous environmental impact
Large Community
7.2: Risk Evaluation

Risk evaluation involves identifying the risk associated with an activity or incident based on probability and
consequence and determining if this is acceptably low, or if management actions are required to reduce the
risk to as low as reasonably practicable. Explanations of the risk assessment rankings are given in Table 8.
The results of the risk evaluation for the Block 1 test drilling operations are summarized in Table 8.
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Table 8: Environment Risk Assessment for the Block 1 Test Drilling

MITIGATION MEASURES
Increased soil, dust

impacts on people &
vegetation,
desertification
susceptibility,
possibility of
occupational health
illness.
1.
RISK ANALYSIS AND

EVALUATION
Risk
Ranking
POTENTIAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONSEQUENCE
Rating
EVENT/
INCIDENT/
IMPACT
Medium
low
medium
high
Medium
low
Medium
low
High
Severity
ACTIVITY
DRILLING OPERATIONS
Site
preparation
Drilling
Vegetation
cleared, soil
compaction,
soil erosion,
dust, noise
Hole drilling
Disturbance, fatigue,
high possibility of
accidents
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
Restrict vegetation clearing to absolute

necessary
Spare trees of medicinal value or high local
economic value
Operate during day time to minimize on
noise disturbance
Investigate the use of water to control dust
emissions
Ensure workers operate on shifts to avoid
fatigue;
Follow all safety procedures at the rig site
BASE CAMP
Camp layout
Base Camp
development
Camp
Activities
Noise / Light
Resource
Conflicts
social cultural
Water source
for drilling
and camp
Increased soil, dust

impacts on people &
vegetation,
desertification
susceptibility,
possibility of
occupational health
illness,
possibility of conflict
for grazing land with
pastoralists
Distortion of local
aesthetics, social
cultural and religious
conflicts
Water resource
conflict with local
community
1.
Restrict vegetation clearing to absolute

necessary
2. Spare trees of medicinal value or high local
economic value
3. Operate during day time to minimize on
noise disturbance
4. Investigate the use of water to control dust
emissions
1. Build with materials that blend well with

local environment.
2. Ensure that s0cial contacts are managed and
monitored by the Community Liaison Team.
1. Procure adequate water for the operations
with a high yield borehole
2. Ensure no water use competition with
pastoralists
On decommissioning operations the borehole can
be handed over to the local community
DISCHARGE OF WASTE TO ENVIRONMENT

Exploration
activities
and Camp
site
Operations
Oil spills,
plastics and
other nonbiodegradable
s
Oil spill may pollute

water sources and
soil. Plastics may be
eaten by livestock
and affect their
health. Littered
plastics spoil the
aesthetics of the area
Ensure oil spills are neutralised. All nonbiodegradable should be incinerated or ferried to
waste management sites outside the Camp.
Low
Organic
waste
Attract scavengers,
carnivores and
livestock to site.
All organic waste should be deposited in

compositing pits and covered with soil.
Medium
low
49
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MITIGATION MEASURES
RISK ANALYSIS AND

EVALUATION
Risk
Ranking
POTENTIAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONSEQUENCE
Rating
EVENT/
INCIDENT/
IMPACT
Severity
ACTIVITY
The camp must be securely fenced off

Hazardous
waste
Biomedical
Waste
Biomedical
waste
disposal
Waste Types:
(sharps,
pathological,
infectious,
Pharmaceutic
al
Genotoxic ,
Chemical )
Pollute environment
- water and soil
All hazardous waste must be incinerated
Pollution due to
improper handling,
treatment, and
disposal of
biomedical waste.
No segregation of
waste
1. Ensure incineration of biomedical waste to

protect public health and environment
2. Segregation of waste should always be the
responsibility of the clinical officer, and
should take place as close as possible to
where the waste is generated,
3. Clinical waste should be maintained in sealed
containers and storage areas for ease of
transport to safe disposal sites or incineration
Low
High
Medium
High
Medium
High
SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL/RELIGIOUS INTERACTIONS WITH RESIDENT COMMUNITIES

Interaction
with
community
Interference
with grazing
land due to
operation
activities,
pasture
conflicts as
area may be
restricted
from grazing.
Temporary reduction
in grazing land,
security tension
between drilling
team and pastoralists
activities likely to be
localised and short
term.
Potential for
theft and
attacks by
criminal
/terror
entities
within the
area.
Temporary
operational risk for
drilling team
members in the
drilling area or
interference with
drilling activities
likely to be localised
and short term.
1. Form local liaison committee with community

2. Conflict resolution committee essential
3. Reduce interface with community to absolute
minimum
4. Liaison with county govt officers and
community elders
5. Employment of locals
6. Consultation with local community during
planning phase.
7. Support of community projects and
livelihood.
8. Minimize camp staff contacts with locals
9. Liaison and communication process has been
established with affected communities.
SECURITY
Physical
Presence of
drilling team
1. Interact with local administration and

Government security agencies for support on
security issues.
2. Avoidance of key areas of high insecurity
where practicable.
3. Consultation with local administration,
Government security and local community
during planning phase.
4. Liaison and communication process has been
established with all stakeholders.
50
NZ
7.3: Biological, physical and socio-economic environment

Table 9: Summary of Effects on Biological, Physical and Socio-Economic Environment
DESCRIPTION OF PHENOMENA
IMPACT ON:
NATURE OF
IMPACT
Vegetation
Desertification
Pollution
Soil
Wildlife
CHARACTER
Soil
compaction,
erosion and
pasture loss
Waste
accumulation
and oil
spillage
EXTENT
OF
IMPACT
IMPACT
PERIOD
OUTCOME
EVALUATION
SIGNIFICANCE
CERTAINTY
Minimal
10 years
Minimal
Low
High
Minimal
Entire
operation
period
Minimal
Low
High
Compaction
Reduced rain
infiltration
Minimal
Entire period
of operation
Minimal
Low
High
Disruption
Habitat loss
Minimal
Entire period
of operation
Minimal
Low
High
Noise
Hearing
impairment
Minimal
Entire period
of operation
minimal
Low
High
Nuisance to
pastoralists
during grazing
Disruption
medium
Entire period
of operation
Medium
Medium
Low
Cultural
interference
Culture
erosion
Low
Entire period
of operation
Low
Low
Low
-Presence at
Base Camp
Pastureland
disruption
Medium
Entire period
of operation
Medium
Low
High
Waste
accumulation
Reduced
water and
pasture
quality
Minimal
Project Period
Minimal
Low
Low
Biomedical
waste disposal
Reduced
water quality
Minimal
Project Period
Minimal
Low
Low
Humans
Water Quality
7.3.1: Significance Rating

The Significance Factor is determined by multiplying the entries in the impact rating with entries in the
severity rating. The Significance test will generate a result between 0 and 25 for each of the identified aspects
or impacts tested. Any aspect or impact with a value greater than or equal to 8 is notable and any aspect or
impact with a value greater than or equal to 12 is significant. Table 10 illustrates the findings on the
Environmental Impact Significance Factor for the proposed drilling in Block 1.
51
NZ
PHASE OF
WORKS
ASPECT OR
IMPACT
IDENTIFIED
IMPACT
DESCRIPTION
DIRECT /
INDIRECT
NEGATIVE
IMPACT
RATING
SEVERITY
RATING
SIGNIFICAN
CE FACTOR
Table 10: Environmental Impact Significance Factor
Use of drilling
rig
Noise
Disturbance
Direct
Fence of the
operation site
Scare off wildlife
Direct
Fence of the
operation site
Hearing problems
Direct
Use protective gear
Direct
Use protective gear
Accidents
Respiratory
problems
Bruises, death
Direct
Use protective gear
Bush clearing
Soil erosion
Soil erosion
Indirect
Minimize trees cut
Waste
accumulation
Pollution of
environment
Accumulation of
solid waste at Base
camp if poorly
managed
Direct
Base Camp
Change of
scenic
aesthetics
Change of scenic
aesthetics
Direct
Segregate waste,
compost organic
waste, incinerate
biomedical waste,
deliver recyclable
waste to recyclers,
reduce waste and
repair equipment.
Blend the base
camp with the local
environment
Machinery
operations
Climate
change
Climate change
indirect
Establishment
of camp &
Operations
Security
Security
Direct
Conflicts with
locals
Conflicts with
locals
Direct
Dust
MITIGATION
Use of machinery
when only essential,
use well serviced
machinery
Ensure adequate
security preparation
by security firm and
local govt admin
Employ local labour
where possible,
have conflict
committee in place
Table 11: Environmental Management Plan Matrix

POTENTIAL
SOURCE OF
IMPACTS/ISSUE
Site preparation
Use of drilling
rig produces
noise and dust
NATURE OF
IMPACTS
MITIGATION MEASURES
RESPONSIBIL
ITY
MONITORING
MEANS
MONITORING
FREQUENCY
BUDGET
Bush clearing
soil erosion,
lose of
valuable tree
species
Dust
limit vegetation clearing

to absolute minimum
Contractor
proponent to
issue checklist
on dos and
donts
Onset of site
preparation
part initial
costs
Provide and enforce Use

of protective gear
Contractor
Physical
observation by
supervisor
Throughout
operation
Part of
management
costs
Disturbance
to pastoralists
Alert pastoralist on rig

activities
Contractor
and
proponent
liaison officer
Throughout
operation
Part of initial
operation
costs
Scare off
livestock &
wildlife
keep livestock away from

rig activities
Contractor
and
proponent
liaison officer
Throughout
operation
Part of initial
operation
costs
52
NZ
POTENTIAL
SOURCE OF
IMPACTS/ISSUE
NATURE OF
IMPACTS
RESPONSIBIL
ITY
MONITORING
MEANS
MONITORING
FREQUENCY
Use protective gear
Contractor
and
proponent
Observation and
inspection
Throughout
operation
Part of initial
operation
costs
Disruption of
pastoralist
activities
Fence off the Rig and

Base camp area
Contractor
liaison officer observations
Throughout
operation
Part of initial
operation
costs
Dust
Enforce use of protective

gear
Contractor
Observation
Throughout
operation
Base Camp
Change of
site aesthetics
Blend the Base Camp

with the local
environment
Contractor
Observation
Initial setting
up
Part of initial
operation
costs
Part of initial
operation
costs
Waste
accumulation
from Rig & Base
Camp
Pollution of
environment
Solid waste: - Segregate

waste, compost organic
waste, deliver recyclable
waste to recyclers, reduce
& repair equipment.
Liquid effluent: - Ensure
septic tank is constructed
for wastewater and a soak
pit for grey water.
Biomedical waste
incinerate biomedical
waste
Minimize use of
machinery when not vital.
Use sunlight for day
lighting in Camp.
Contractor
Observation
Throughout
operation
Part of initial
operation
cost
Contractor
Close
supervision
Inception
phase
Part of initial
operation
cost
Contractor
Close
supervision
Throughout
operation
Contractor
Close
supervision
Throughout
operation
Part of initial
operation
cost
Part of initial
operation
cost
Insecurity
Ensure adequate security

preparation
Proponent
Be vigilant
Throughout
operation
Conflicts of
communities
for
employment
Employ local labour

where possible, have
conflict social officer on
standby, use local liaison
committee for labour
matters
Ensure monitoring and
evaluation of operation
activities
Contractor
Be vigilant
Throughout
operation
Proponent
Evaluation of
progress thro
reporting
Operation and
demobilization
phase
MITIGATION MEASURES
Dust
Vibration
caused by
drilling rig
Machinery
Machinery
operations
Climate
change
SECURITY
Monitoring and
Evaluation
Progress
monitoring
53
BUDGET
Part of initial
operation
cost
Part of initial
operation
cost
Part of initial
operation
cost
NZ
8.0:
MONITORING GUIDELINES
8.1: Monitoring and Evaluation of Environmental Performance

During acquisition of the exploration drilling programme Afren-EAX will:
Monitor so that the drilling operations are done as per the environmental management plan.
Liaise with the stakeholders and communities, to ensure drilling operations have been
communicated in advance to mitigate possible disruptions to normal activities and livelihoods.
Undertake to monitor and report any incidence(s) that may arise unexpected or accidents to
Kenyan authorities for redress,
8.2: Monitoring Implementation Strategy
EAX will monitor the drilling operations to stick to operation set guidelines in order to ensure an integrated
approach in protecting the environment, ensuring economic equity to the affected and social justice. Hence
the objectives should be: Monitoring to ensure compliance with all applicable national and international environmental
framework and regulations;
Monitoring to adhere to best practice of operations to reduce impacts
Monitoring to adhere to the company environmental policy
Monitoring to mitigate impacts of field operations on fauna and flora
Monitoring to avoid cutting of valuable Vegetation
Monitoring Signs of desertification for remedial action
Monitoring Resource use in the Field Base Camp to maximize on efficiency and conservation
Use of green renewable energy where opportunities allow
Monitoring Waste management efficiency
Monitoring Health and Safety of employees and affected communities
Monitoring Conflict over resources
8.3: Reporting Requirements
EAX will report on the exploration drilling operations to demonstrate good will and to share data with
interested stakeholders and the government of Kenya. In case of discovery of commercial reserves, EAX will
report and avail such information to the concerned authorities in Kenya and undertake to carry out a
comprehensive environmental study for distribution and production activities.
8.3.1: Reporting on Non-routine Incidents
In accordance with Regulation 58 of the Environmental Management and Coordination Act (1999) , East
African Exploration (K) Ltd. (EAX) will report to the Designated Authority any reportable incident, that is,
any activity that has caused or has the potential to result in, moderate to catastrophic environmental
consequences.
In the context of this drilling activity, a reportable incident is defined as:
Death of an individual of a listed species (as per the Environment Protection and Biodiversity
Conservation Act)
Uncontrolled escape of poisonous gaseous substances or petroleum liquids or chemicals to the
environment
54
NZ
Any other event that can cause significant environmental damage to the local or environment; or,
Operation outside activities within the approved Environment Plans.
EAX will give notice, orally or in writing, of a reportable incident to the Designated Authority, including all
material details of the incident that are reasonably available to the operator as soon as practicable, but within
24 hours, after:
the first occurrence of the incident; or
upon the detection of the incident by the operator if the incident is not detected by the operator at the
time of its first occurrence.
8.3.2: Security
Due to the proximity of the Somali border to the proposed exploration drilling site, there are operational
security risks for drilling team members in the area which may lead to interference with the drilling activities.
It is important for Afren-EAX should undertake the following precautionary measures to ensure the test
drilling team conduct the drilling with minimal security risk:
Hire security support institution.
Liaise with local administration and Government security agencies for support on security issues.
Practice avoidance of key areas of high insecurity where practicable.
Consultation with local administration, Government security and local community during planning phase.
Liaison and communication process has been established with Local Administration.
9.0: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

The EIA report was initiated in order to comply with the National and International requirement of good
practice in environmental management of the exploratory drilling. The expert conducted a comprehensive
environmental study including vegetation analysis and local livelihoods that will be affected by the exploratory
drilling. The proponent through the EIA expert organized a comprehensive stakeholder consultation at the
County and community levels. All the issues about the project were discussed and mitigation measures
proposed. All these have been provided in the environmental management plan. A risk assessment was also
done and corresponding mitigation measures provided.
It is expected that the project will have limited impacts because it is localized to only small area where a rig
will be erected and a small base camp for the workers. The proponent will provide an independent water
source for the operation works and the base camp. This will ensure no competition over resources with the
local community.
The project will generate data for hydrocarbon situation in the area. This will be important for future
prospecting in the area. Should they find commercial hydrocarbons, the national and county economies will
benefit tremendously. We therefore recommend approval of the proposed exploratory drilling in Block 1,
Konton Wajir east, Wajir County.
55
NZ
REFERENCES
Ecolife Consultium Ltd, 2010: Environmental Impact Assessment of the proposed
Exploratory 2D
Seismic Exploration in Block 1 Wajir and Mandera Regions
Ecolife Consultium Ltd, 2008: Environmental Impact Assessment of the proposed 2D
Seismic Oil Exploration
in Block L17/L18
Ecolife Consultium Ltd, 2009: Environmental Impact Assessment of the proposed 3D
Seismic Oil Exploration
in Block L8
Kenya gazette supplement Acts 2000, Environmental Management and Coordination Act
Number 8 of 1999. Government printer, Nairobi
Kenya gazette supplement Acts, Building Code 2000 by Government Printer, Nairobi
Kenya gazette supplement Acts, Land Planning Act (Cap. 303) Government Printer, Nairobi
Kenya gazette supplement Acts, Local Authority Act (Cap. 265) Government Printer, Nairobi
Kenya gazette supplement Acts, Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2007 Government Printer,
Nairobi
Kenya gazette supplement Acts, Penal Code Act (Cap.63) Government Printer, Nairobi
Kenya gazette supplement Acts, Physical Planning Act, 1999 Government Printer, Nairobi
Kenya gazette supplement Acts, Public Health Act (Cap. 242) Government Printer, Nairobi
Kenya gazette supplement Acts, The Factories and Other Places of Work Act, (CAP 514)
Government Printer, Nairobi
Kenya gazette supplement Acts, Water Act, 2002 Government Printer, Nairobi
Kenya gazette supplement number 56, Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit
Regulations 2003. Government Printer, Nairobi
Population and Housing Census 2009: Kenya Bureau of statistics, Government Printer, Nairobi,
Kenya
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) (1998): Eastern Africa Atlas of Resources;
Kenya.
Wajir County Integrated Development Plan: First County Integrated Plan 2013-2017: Republic of
Kenya
Wamukoya G.M, Ludeki J.V. and Wamae T.M. (2007): Environmental Legislation in Kenya
56
NZ
ANNEXES
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PROPONENT: AFREN EAST AFRICAN EXPLORATION (K) LTD.

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA)

APPROXIMATE SITE COORDINATES: Lat. 02 2' 14.209"N, Lon. 40 54' 23.997"E

Delta Corner, Tower B, 8 Floor Waiyaki Way

/o Ecolife Consulting Ltd.

March - April, 2014

East African Exploration (K) Ltd. Participants:

Signed: ------------------------------------------ Date: -----------------------------------------Name: Jeremy Martin

East Africa Exploration Ltd.

Prepared by Ecolife Consultium Ltd.

List of Stakeholder Participants

Halima Mohamud Khailey

Office of The Women Representative

Ibrahim Idow Dahir

Office of The Women Representative

Kenya Forest Service (KFS)

Mr. Abass Sheikh

Member of Parliament Wajir East

Youth Representative Wajir East

Youth Representative Chairman

Constituency Office Manager

Chairman Pastoral Association

Member of County Assembly (MCA)

Principal Wajir Secondary School

Administration Police - County Commander 0721249964

Save the Children (NGO) - Liaison Officer

26 Fasal Harel Elmi

East Africa Exploration Ltd.

Prepared by Ecolife Consultium Ltd.

COMMUNITY LEVEL STAKEHOLDER WORKSHOP: 28TH MARCH 2014 (2PM-4.30PM) IN KONTON

Abdi Omar Sheikh

Abdi Sheikh Hussein

Omar Adan Buul

Office of the Director of Public Prosecution

Secretary- Peace Committee Wajir East

Sheikh .H. Jimle

Mohamed Abdi Ali

Musa Nur Duhulow

Abdullahi Abdi Ali

Community Elder - Khorof Harar

Abdi Billow Ibrahim

Wajir East Constituency Office

East Africa Exploration Ltd.

Prepared by Ecolife Consultium Ltd.

Member of County Assembly (MCA) - Wajir

Mohamed .A. Abdalle

Snr Chief - Khorof Harar

Mr. Mongane Jonatha

D/Principal - Khorof Harar Secondary School

Community Elder - Khorof Harar

Community Elder - Konton

Rep. Wajir East Constituency Office

Principal- Khorof-Harar Secondary School

Ahmed Garad Abdi

Konton Community Secretary

Ministry of Interior & Coordination - ACC

Business man- Khorof Harar

Business man- Khorof Harar

Business man- Khorof Harar

Hon. Fatuma Ibrahim

Mohamed Ibrahim Aden Khorof-Harar Youth Leader

Omar Sheikh Issack

Community Elder - Konton