CHE 546

Chemical Engineering Calculations 1

100 Problems with Answers

Submitted By:
De Belen, Joewee D.
Submitted To:
Engr. Lorraine A. Carrillo

CHE CALCULATIONS 1
CONCEPTUAL QUESTIONS
1. Which of the following is not a raw material used for the manufacture of ordinary glass?
A. Iron oxide
B. Soda ash
C. Limestone D. Silica
2. IUPACs S.T.P. corresponds to
A. 1 atm absolute pressure and 15.5 C
B. 760 mm Hg gage pressure and 15.5 C

C. 760 torr pressure and 0 C

D. 101.325 kPa gage pressure and 0 C

3. Which of the following ratios defines the recycle ratio in a chemical process?
A. Gross feed stream/recycle feed stream
C. Recycle stream/gross feed stream
B. Recycle stream/fresh feed stream
D. None of the above
4. The temperature at which real gases obey the ideal gas law over a wide range of pressure is called
___________ temperature.
A. Reduced
C. Critical
B. Boyle
D. Inversion
5. The reverse process of fractional crystallization is called
A. Stripping
C. Differential Distillation
B. Leaching
D. Absorption
6. A chemical process is said to occur under unsteady state if the
A. inventory changes do not take place
B. ratio of streams entering/leaving are independent of time
C. flow rates and composition both are time dependent
D. none of the above
7. Methane is mixed with stoichiometric proportion of oxygen and completely combusted. The number of additional
specifications required to determine the product flow rate and composition is
A. 0
C. 2
B. 1
D. 3
8. Sometimes in a chemical process, part of the outlet stream is rejected as waste in order to keep the impurity level
in the systems within limits. This phenomenon is termed as
A. Recycling
C. By-passing
B. Purging
D. Recirculation
9. A 'limiting reactant' is the one, which decides the __________ in the chemical reaction.
A. equilibrium constant
C. rate constant
B. conversion
D. none of these
10. A by-pass stream in a chemical process is useful, because it
A. facilitates better control of the process
B. improves the conversion
C. increases the yield of the product
D. none of the above
11. The physical separation of components in a miscible mixture by simultaneous evaporation and condensation is.
A. absorption
C. extraction
B. drying
D. distillation

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12. In paper industry, paper is dried in
A. tunnel dryer
B. conveyor dryer

C. heated cylinder dryer

D. festoon dryer

13. The percentage ratio of the excess to the amount that is theoretically required by the stoichiometric equation for
combination with the limiting reactant is called
A. % completion
C. degree of conversion
B. % yield
D. % excess
14. Starting raw material for the manufacture of alum is
A. alumina
B. gypsum
C. bauxite
D. ammonium bicarbonate
15. Styrene-butadiene-rubber (SBR) as compared to natural rubber has
A. Poorer tensile strength.
B. poorer resistance to oxidation.
C. greater amount of heat build-up under heavy loading.
D. all (a), (b) and (c).
16. Which gas law states that the total volume occupied by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of their pure
component volume at constant temperature and pressure.
A. Amagat
C. Graham
B. Dalton
D. Charles
17. Sucrose content in the raw juice extracted from sugar cane is about __________ percent.
A. 1 - 2
B. 15 - 20
C. 50 - 60
D. 80 85
18. The basis in all mass balance calculation is
A degree of completion of the process
B the temperature and pressure conditions
C the law of conservation of mass
D the limiting reactant
19. The ratio of the total quantity of a reactant present in the reactor feed of a recycling operation to the quantity of
the same reactant entering the operation as fresh feed is the
A. recycle ratio
C. Combined ratio
B. reactant ratio
D. resh feed conversion
20. Validity of the relationship, inputs = outputs, holds good for the system at steady state
A. with chemical reaction
C. without chemical reaction and losses
B. without chemical reaction
D. with chemical reaction and losses
21. A process unit in which a feed mixture is separated by multiple partial vaporizations and condensations to
form two or more product streams.
A. Distillation Column
C. Evaporator
B. Dryer
D. Crystallizer
22. The total volume occupied by a gaseous mixture is equal to the sum of the pure component volumes". This is
the __________ law.
A. Dalton's
C. Gay-Lussac's
B. Amgat's
D. Avogadro's

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23. The portion of water in the wet solid that cannot be removed by the air in its contact is called
A free moisture
B final moisture
C equilibrium moisture content
D critical free moisture
24. A separation process wherein a liquid solvent is used to dissolve a soluble solid from an insoluble solid
A solvent extraction
B absorption
C leaching
D adsorption
25. It is a type of physical operation by which a desired step in an industrial process is controlled or conducted.
A. unit process
B. chemical process C. unit operation D. heating
26. An apparatus in which particles settle in a liquid by gravitational or centrifugal force and are removed as a
concentrated slurry.
A. classifier
C. thickener
B. elutriator
D. agitator
27. Which of the following does not affect the amount of dissolved oxygen in water?
A. heat
C. chlorides
B. bio-oxidizable organic
D. dissolved minerals
28. Which of the following is the most suitable for extraction in a system having very low density difference ?
A. Mixer-settler extractor
B. Centrifugal extractor
C. Pulsed extractor
D. Packed extraction tower
29. In the removal of a solute from a water phase by liquid extraction using a membrane, it is advantageous to
use
A. polymer membrane
C. any porous membrane
B. hydrophobic membrane
D. asymmetric membrane
30. The rate of material __________ is zero in case of a steady state system.
A. Accumulation
C. Input
B. Production
D. Generation
31. Average molecular weight of air is about
A. 21
C. 23
B. 29
D. 79
32. __________ centrifuge is normally used in sugar mills.
A. Disc-bowl
C. Tubular bowl
B. Perforated horizontal basket continuous D. Suspended batch basket
33. Very fine suspended and colloidal impurities are removed from water by a process called
A. coagulation
C. sedimentation
B. softening
D. disinfection

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34. Pick out the wrong statement about the recycle stream in a process.
A. Recycling in a process stream helps in utilizing the valuable reactants to the maximum with minimum loss
of reactants.
B. The ratio of the quantity of a reactant present in the reactor feed of a recycling operation to the quantity of
the same reactant entering the process as fresh feed is called combined feed ratio.
C. Recycling in a process does not help in getting higher extent of reaction.
D. Recycling is exemplified by refluxing back a part of the distillate to the distillation column to maintain the
quantity of liquid within the column.

35. Which of the following gravity scales is used exclusively for liquids heavier than water?
A. Baumme scale
C. API scale
B. Twaddel scale
D. none of these
36. Recycling in a chemical process facilitates
A. increased yield
B. enrichment of product

C. heat conservation
D. all (a), (b) &(c)

37. Solutions having the same osmotic pressure are called __________ solutions.
A. dilute
C. isotonic
B. ideal
D. Saturated
38. Which of the following has the least effect on the solubility of a solid in a liquid solvent?
A. temperature
C. pressure
B. nature of the solvent
D. nature of the solute
39. The ability of one liquid to dissolve in another is called:
A. hydrophilicity
C. an expanded solvent
B. miscibility
D. the solvation energy
40. Pick out the wrong statement.
A. To make 100 kg of a solution containing 40% salt by mixing solution A (containing 25% salt) and
solution B (containing 50% salt), the amount of solution A required is 40 kg.
B. 1.2 gm atoms of carbon and 1.5 gm moles of oxygen are reacted to give 1 gm mole of carbon dioxide.
The limiting reactant is carbon. The percent excess reactant supplied is 25.
C. A gas bubble at a pressure of Pg is passed through a solvent with a saturation vapor pressure of Ps. If
the time of passage of the bubble is long and air is insoluble in the solvent, the mole fraction of solvent in
the bubble will be equal to Ps/Pg.
D. A supersaturated solution of a sparingly soluble solute, at a concentration of C, is being fed to
a crystallizer at a volumetric flow rate of V. The solubility of the solute is C1. The output rate of
solids from an efficient crystallizer is (C + C1) V.

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PROBLEM SOLVING
41. If 1 L of ethyl alcohol is mixed with l L of water.How many kilograms of solution result and how many cubic
centimeter?
Ans. 1787 grams, 1923 cm3
42. A liquid adhesive, which is used to make laminated boards, consists of a polymer dissolved in a solvent. The
amount of polymer in the solution has to be carefully controlled for this application. When the supplier of the adhesive
receives an order for 3000 kg of an adhesive solution containing 13 wt % polymer, all it has on hand is (1) 500 kg of a
10 wt % solution, (2) a very large quantity of a 20 wt % solution, and (3) pure solvent. Calculate the weight of each of
the stocks that must be blended together to fill the order. Use all of the 10 wt % solution.
Ans. B= 1700 kg, C= 800 kg
Linked Problem 43 -44
You are asked to measure the rate at which waste gases are being discharged from a stack. The gases entering
contain 2.1 % carbon dioxide. Pure carbon dioxide is introduced into the bottom of the stack at a measured rate of
4.0 lb per minute. You measure the discharge of gases leaving the stack, and find the concentration of carbon dioxide
is 3.2 %.
43. Calculate the rate of flow, in lb mol/minute, of the entering waste gases.
Ans. F= 8.01 lbmol/min
44. Calculate the rate of flow, in lb mol/minute, of the product.
Ans. F= 8.10 lbmol/min
45. A laundry can purchase soap containing 30.0 wt % water at a price of $ 7.00 per kg. The same manufacturer
offers a soap containing 5.0 wt % water. If the freight rate is $ 6.00 per 100 kg, what is the maximum price that the
laundry should pay the manufacturer for the soap containing 5.0 wt % water ? Note that the buyer has to pay the
freight.
Ans. $ 9.52 / kg wet soap
Linked Problem 46 47
A crystallizer contains 6420 lb of aqueous solution of anhydrous sodium sulfate (concentration 29.6 wt %) at 104 C.
The solution is cooled to 20 C to crystallize out the desired Na2SO4. 10 H2O. The remaining solution ( the mother
liquor) is found to contain 16.1 % anhydrous sodium sulfate.
46. What is the weight of this mother liquor?
Ans. 3300 lb
47. What is the weight of the Product?
Ans. 3100 lb

Linked Problem 48- 49

A triple effect evaporator is designed to reduce water from an incoming brine (NaCl +H2O) stream from 25 wt % to 3
wt %. If the evaporator unit is to produce 14,670 lb/hr of NaCl(along with 3 wt % H2O).

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48. Determine the feed rate of brine in lb/hr.
Ans. 56,900 lb/hr
49. Determine the water removed from the brine in each evaporator.
Ans. 13,800 lb/hr
Linked Problem 50-52
A contact sulfuric acid plant produces 98.0 % sulfuric acid, by absorbing SO3 into a 97.3% sulfuric acid solution. A
gas containing 8.00 % SO3 (remainder inerts) enters the SO3 absorption tower at the rate of 28 lb mol per hour. 98.5
% of the SO3 is absorbed in this tower. 97.3 % sulfuric acid is introduced into the top of the tower and 95.9 % sulfuric
acid from another part of the process is used as make - up acid. The flow sheet is given in the figure with all of the
known data on it.
50. Calculate the lb/day of 95.9 % H2SO4 make-up acid solution required.
Ans. 2060 lb/day
51. Calculate the lb/day of 97.3 % H2SO4 solution introduced into the top of the tower.
Ans. 6470 lb/day
52. Calculate the lb/day of 98 % H2SO4 solution produced.
Ans. 2240 lb/day
Linked Problem 53 56
Perchloric acid (HClO4) can be prepared as shown in the diagram below from Ba(ClO 4)2 and HClO4. Sulfuric acid is
supplied in 20% excess to react with Ba(ClO4)2. If 17,400 lb HClO4 leave the separator and the recycle is 6125 lb
Ba(ClO4)2 over the time period, calculate :
Note : 20 % H2SO4 is based on the total Ba(ClO4)2 entering the reactor.
Ba(ClO4)2 + H2SO4 ------> BaSO4 + 2HClO4
MW: Ba(ClO4)2 336; BaSO4 233; H2SO4 98; HClO4 100.
53. The overall conversion of Ba(ClO4)2.
Ans. 100%
54. The lb of HClO4 leaving the separator per lb of feed.
Ans. 0.64 lb HClO4 / lb F
55. The lb of H2SO4 entering the reactor.
Ans. 10,700 lb
56. The per pass conversion of Ba(ClO4)2.
Ans. f=0.80
Linked Problem 57-58
The feed to a distillation column is separated into net overhead product containing nothing with a boiling point higher
than isobutane and bottoms containing nothing with a boiling point below that of propane. The composition of the
feed is
mole %
Ethylene
2.0
Ethane
3.0
Propylene
5.0
Propane
15.0
Isobutane
25.0
n-Butane
35.0
n-Pentane
15.0
Total
100.0
The concentration of isobutane in the overhead is 5.0 mole percent, and the concentration of propane in the bottoms
is 0.8 mole percent
57. Calculate the composition of the overhead per 100 moles of feed.
Ans. C2H4 (7.8%), C2H6 (11.7%), C3H6 (19.4%), C3H8 (56.0%), iC4H10 (5.1%).
58. Calculate bottoms streams per 100 moles of feed.
Ans. C3H8 (0.8%), iC4H6 (31.9%), nC4H10 (47.1%), nC5H12 (20.2%)

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Linked Problem 59-60
If 100g of Na2SO4 is dissolved in 200g of H2O and the solution is cooled until 100 g of
Na2SO410H2O crystallizes out, find
59. The composition of the remaining solution (mother liquor).
Ans. Na2SO4 28%, H2O 72%
60. The grams of crystals recovered per 100 g of initial solution.
Ans. 33.3 g crystals/100 g solution
Linked Problem 61- 64
A solvent dewaxing unit in an oil refinery is separating 3000 bbl/day of a lubricating distillate into 23 vol percent of
slack wax and 77 vol percent of dewaxed oil. The charge is mixed with solvent, chilled, and filtered into wax and oil
solution streams. The solvent is then removed from the two streams by two banks of stripping columns, the bottoms
from each column in a bank being charged to the next column in the bank. The oil bank consists of four columns, and
the wax bank of three. A test on the charge and bottoms from each column gave the following results:
percent solvent by volume
61.

to 1st
column

no. 1
bottoms

no. 2
bottoms

no. 3
bottoms

no. 4
bottoms

Pressed oil

83

70

27

4.0

0.8

Wax

83

71

23

0.5

Calculate the total solution per day charged to the whole unit.
Ans. 17,650 bbl/day
62. Percentage of total solvent in oil solution removed by each column in oil bank.
Ans. 1- 52.45%, 2- 40.20%, 3- 6.67%, 4- 0.68%
63. Percentage of total solvent in wax solution removed by each column in wax bank.
Ans. 1- 49.9%, 2- 44.05%, 3- 6.05%, 4- 22.14%
64. Barrels of solvent lost per day (in bottoms from last column of each bank).
Ans. 22.14 bbl/day
65. Many chemicals generate emissions of volatile compounds that need to be controlled. In the process shown in
the accompanying figure, the CO in the exhaust is substantially reduced by separating it from the reactor effluent and
recycling the unreacted CO together with the reactant. Although the product is proprietary, information is provided
that the fresh feed stream contains 40% reactant, 50 % inert and 10 % CO, and that on reaction 2 moles of reactant
yield 2.5 moles of product. Conversion of the reactant to product is 73 % on one pass through the reactor, and 90 %
for the over all process. The recycle stream contains 80% CO and 20% reactant. Calculate the ratio of moles of the
recycle stream to moles of the product stream.
Ans. 3.5
66. Paper pulp is sold on the basis that it contains 12 percent moisture; if the moisture exceeds this value, the
purchaser can deduct any charges for the excess moisture and also deduct for the freight costs of the excess
moisture. A shipment of pulp became wet and was received with a moisture content of 22 percent. If the original
price for the pulp was $40/ton of airdry pulp and if the freight is $1.00/100 lb shipped, what price should be paid
per ton of pulp delivered?
Ans. $51.90 / ton

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Linked Problem 67 68
Acetic acid is to be generated by the addition of 10 percent excess sulfuric acid to calcium acetate. The reaction
Ca(AC)2 + H2SO4

CaSO4 + 2HAc goes on with 90 percent completion. The unused Ca(Ac)2 and the
H2SO4 are separated from the products of thereaction, and the excess Ca(Ac) 2 is recycled. The acetic acid is
separated from the products.

67. Find the amount of recycle per hour based on 1000 lb of feed per hour.
Ans. 111 lb Ca(AC)2 / hr
68. Find the pounds of acetic acid manufactured per hour.
Ans. 760 lb HAc/hr
Linked Problem 69-72
The reaction of ethyl-tetrabromide with zinc dust proceeds as shown in the diagram below.
The reaction is
C2H2Br4 + 2 Zn
C2H2 + 2 ZnBr2

Based on the C2H2Br4, on one pass through the reactor the conversion is 80%, and the
unreacted C2H2Br4 is recycled. On the basis of l000 kg of C2H2Br4 fed to the reactor per
hour.
69. How much C2H2 is produced per hour (in lb)
Ans. 75.1 kg C2H2
70. the rate of recycle in lb/hr
Ans. 250 kg
71. the amount of Zn that has to be added per hour if Zn is to be 20% in excess
Ans. 454 kg
72. the mole ratio of ZnBr2 to C2H2 in the products.
Ans. 2
73. An organic ester of formula C19H36O2 is to be hydrogenated at a rate of 100 kg/h to yield C19H38O2. The
hydrogen required for the plant, which run continuously, is available as 50L cylinders in which the gas is contained
at 70 bar and 300 K. How many cylinder should the company order per week?
Ans. 404.48 ~ 405
74. Picric Acid is obtained by nitrating phenol according to the reaction:
65+3362(2)3+32
In a particular operation, 100 kg phenol was reacted with 250 kg HNO 3 to produce 200 kg picric acid. Find the
composition of the product stream by % weight.
Ans. 62(2)3 57.15%, 65 5.11%, 3 24.26% , 2 13.48%

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CHE CALCULATIONS 1
Linked Problem 75 -76
1,000 kg/h of a fruit juice with 10% solids is freeze-concentrated to 40% solids. The diluted juice is fed to a freezer
where ice crystals are formed and then the slush is separated in a centrifugal separator into ice crystals and
concentrated juice. An amount of 500 kg/h of liquid is recycled from these separator to the freezer.
75. Calculate the amount of ice that is removed in the separator
Ans. 750 kg/hr
76. The amount of concentrated juice produced.
Ans. 250 kg/hr
Linked Problem 77 79
Xanthan gum is produced using Xanthomonas campestris in a batch culture. Laboratory experiments have shown
that for each gram of glucose utilized by the bacteria, 0.23 g oxygen and 0.01 g ammonia are consumed while
0.75 g gum, 0.09 g cell, 0.27 g gaseous CO2, and 0.13 g H2O are formed. Other components such as phosphate
can be neglected. A medium containing glucose and ammonia dissolved in 20,000 liters of water is pumped into
the CSTR fermenter and inoculated with X. campestris. Air is pumped; the off gas recovered during the entire
batch is 1,250 kg. The final gum concentration is 3.5 % wt.
77. What is the percentage of excess air,
Ans. 25.80 %
78. How much glucose are required?
Ans. 978.287 kg
79. How much ammonia are required?
Ans. 9.846 kg
80. The ground nut seeds containing 45% oil and 45% solids are fed to extractor, the cake coming out of extractor
is found to contain 80% solids and 5% oil. Find the percentage recovery of oil.
Ans. 93.75%
Linked Problem 81-82
A 20 weight % solution of Na2SO4 at 200F is pumped continuously to a vacuum crystallizer from which the magma
is pumped at 60F.
81. What is the composition of this magma?
Ans. C- 8.0854%, L- 91.9146%
82. What percentage of Na2SO4 in the feed is recovered as Na2SO410H2O crystals after this magma is centrifuged?
Ans. 17.83%
83. A plant produces 30,000 MT of anhydrous sulfate annually by crystallizing sulfate brine at 0C, yields of 95%
and 90% in the crystallization and calcinations operations are obtained respectively. How many metric tons of
liquor are fed to the crystallizer daily? Note: 300 working days per year.
Ans. F= 5012.6 MT/day
Linked Problem 84 - 86
Fresh air containing 4.00 mole% water vapor is to be cooled and dehumidified to a water content of 1.70 mole%
H2O.Astream of fresh air is combined with a recycle stream of previously dehumidified air and passed through the
cooler. The blended stream entering the unit contains 2.30 mole% H 2O. In the air conditioner, some of the water in
the feed stream is condensed and removed as liquid. A
fraction of the dehumidified air leaving the cooler is recycled and the remainder is delivered to a room. Taking 100
mol of dehumidified air delivered to the room as a basis of calculation.
84. Calculate the moles of fresh feed.
Ans. 102.4 moles fresh feed
85. Moles of water condensed.
Ans. 2.4 moles of water condensed
86. Moles of dehumidified air recycled.
Ans. 290 mole recycled

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Linked Problem 87-90
Methanol is produced in the reaction of carbon dioxide and hydrogen:
CO2+3H2CH3OH + H2O
The fresh feed to the process contains hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and 0.400 mole% inerts (I). The reactor effluent
passes to a condenser that removes essentially all of the methanol and water formed and none of the reactants or
inerts. The latter substances are recycled to the reactor. To avoid buildup of the inerts in the system, a purge
stream is withdrawn from the recycle. The feed to the reactor (not the fresh feed to the process) contains 28.0
mole% CO2 70.0 mole% H2, and 2.00 mole% inerts. The single-pass conversion of hydrogen is 60.0%.
87. Calculate the molar flow rates and molar compositions of the fresh feed.
Ans. 290 mole recycled
88. Calculate the total feed to the reactor.
Ans. 290 mole recycled
89. Calculate the recycle stream.
Ans. 290 mole recycled
90. Calculate the purge stream for a methanol production rate of 155 kmol CH3OH/h.
Ans. 290 mole recycled
Linked Problem 91-92
Two liquid streams are flowing at constant rates into a blender. One is benzene, which flows at a measured rate of
20.0 L/min, and the other is toluene. The blended mixture enters a storage tank (inner diameter= 5.5 m) equipped
with a sight gauge. During an interval in which no liquid leaves the storage tank, the liquid level in the tank is
observed to increase by 0.15 meters over a one-hour period.
91. Calculate the flow rate of toluene into the blender (L/min)
Ans. 39.4 L/min
92. The composition of the tank contents (wt% benzene).
Ans. 34%
Linked Problem 93-95
Liquid extraction is an operation used to separate the components of a liquid mixture of two or more species. In
the simplest case, the mixture contains two components: a solute (A) and a liquid solvent (B). The mixture is
contacted in an agitated vessel with a second liquid solvent (C) that has two key properties: A dissolves in it, and
B is immiscible or nearly immiscible with it. (For example, B may be water, C a hydrocarbon oil, and A a species
that dissolves in both water and oil.) Some of the A transfers from B to C, and then the B-rich phase (the raffinate)
and the C-rich phase (the extract) separate from each other in a settling tank. If the raffinate is then contacted with
fresh C in another stage, more A will be transferred from it. This process can be repeated until essentially all of the
A has been extracted from the B. Shown below is a flowchart of a process in which acetic acid (A) is extracted
from a mixture of
acetic acid and water (B) into 1-hexanol (C), a liquid immiscible with water.

93. What is the maximum number of independent material balances that can be written for this process?
Ans. 3
94. Calculate mC, mE, and mR, using the given mixture feed rate as a basis and writing balances in an order such
that you never have an equation that involves more than one unknown variable.
Ans. mC = 417g/min, mE = 461 g/min, mR = 356 g/min
95. Calculate the difference between the amount of acetic acid in the feed mixture and that in the 0.5% mixture,
and show that it equals the amount that leaves in the 9.6% mixture.
Ans. 44 g/min

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96. Strawberries contain about 15 wt% solids and 85 wt% water. To make strawberry jam, crushed strawberries and
sugar are mixed in a 45:55 mass ratio, and the mixture is heated to evaporate water until the residue contains onethird water by mass. Calculate how many pounds of strawberries are needed to make a pound of jam.
Ans. 0.49 lb of strawberries
97. Three hundred gallons of a mixture containing 75.0 wt% ethanol (ethyl alcohol) and 25% water (mixture
specific gravity 0.877) and a quantity of a 40.0 wt% ethanol60% water mixture (SG 0.952) are blended to
produce a mixture containing 60.0 wt% ethanol. The object of this problem is to calculate V40, the required volume
of the 40% mixture.
Ans. 207 gallons
Linked Problem 98-100
Two aqueous sulfuric acid solutions containing 20.0 wt% H2SO4 (SG 1 139) and 60.0 wt%H2SO4(SG =1.498) are
mixed to form a 4.00 molar solution (SG = 1.213).
98. Calculate the mass fraction of sulfuric acid in the product solution.
Ans. 0.323
99. Taking 100 kg of the 20% feed solution as a basis, draw and label a flowchart of this process,labeling both
masses and volumes, and do the degree-of-freedom analysis. Calculate the feed ratio (liters 20% solution/liter
60% solution).
Ans. 2.96
100. What feed rate of the 60% solution (L/h) would be required to produce 1250 kg/h of the product?
Ans. 257 L/hr

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