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ListofautomotivesuperlativesWikipedia

Listofautomotivesuperlatives
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Automobilesarefrequentlyjudgedintheirindustrybymanysuperlatives:thesmallest,largest,fastest,lightest,
bestselling,andsoon.Theyvarygreatlyinsize,enginedisplacement,power,price,andmanyothertraits.
Inordertokeeptheentriesrelevant,thelist(exceptforthefirstssection)islimitedtoautomobilesbuiltafter
WorldWarII,andlistssuperlativesforearliervehiclesseparately.Thelistisalsolimitedtoproductionroadcars
that:
1.areconstructedprincipallyforretailsaletoconsumers,fortheirpersonaluse,andtotransportpeopleon
publicroads(nocommercialorindustrialvehiclesareeligible)
2.havehad25ormoreinstancesmadebytheoriginalvehiclemanufacturer,andofferedforcommercialsaleto
thepublicinnewcondition(carsmodifiedbyeitherprofessionaltunersorindividualsarenoteligible)
3.arestreetlegalintheirintendedmarkets,andcapableofpassinganyofficialtestsorinspectionsrequiredto
begrantedthisstatus.

Vehicledimensions
Contents

Length
Longest
Car
Currentproductioncar6,499mm(255.9in)
2016MercedesMaybachPullman
Productioncar6,499mm(255.9in)2016
MercedesMaybachPullman
Productionconvertible6,096mm(240.0in)(29
produced)193335(forthe193435model
years)CadillacV16
Productioncoupe6,096mm(240.0in)(20
produced)193335(forthe193435model
years)CadillacV16
Productionstationwagon5,888mm(231.8in)
197476(forthe197576modelyears)Buick
Estate
Limitedproductionconvertible6,401mm
(252.0in)1932BugattiRoyaleWeinberger
Limitedproductioncoupe6,401mm(252.0in)
1931BugattiRoyaleKellner
Truck
PickupTruck7,137mm(281.0in)2015Ford
F650/750Diesel,SuperCab[1]
SUV
CurrentSUV5,700mm(224.4in)2015
ChevroletSuburban
SUV5,758mm(226.7in)FordExcursion
Van7,628mm(300.3in)IvecoDaily
Shortest
Currentproductioncar2,695mm(106.1in)Smart
Fortwo
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1 Vehicledimensions
1.1 Length
1.2 Width(withoutmirrors)
1.3 Height
1.4 Wheelbase
1.5 Track
1.6 Curbweight
2 Engines
2.1 Enginedisplacement
2.2 Power
2.3 Torque
3 Fueleconomy
4 Price
5 Performance
5.1 Acceleration
5.2 Topspeed
5.3 HighestRPMredline
6 Sales
7 Firsts
7.1 Industry
7.2 Enginetypes
7.3 Enginetechnologies
7.4 Hybridvehicles
7.5 Body
7.6 Transmission
7.7 Layout
7.8 Suspension
7.9 Brakes
7.10 Driveraids
7.11 Passiverestraint
7.12 Activerestraint
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Productioncar1,340mm(52.8in)196265Peel
P50

Width(withoutmirrors)
Widest
Car

7.13 Tires
7.14 Lighting
7.15 Electricalsystem
7.16 Climatecontrol
7.17 Incarentertainment
7.18 Other
8 Prewar
9 Seealso
10 References

Currentproductioncar2017mm(81.5in)2016
TeslaModelX
Productioncar2,105mm(82.9in)195354
(forthe1954modelyear)ChryslerCrown
Imperial
Productionconvertible2,096mm(82.5in)2004MaseratiMC12
Productionstationwagon2,070mm(81.5in)195960(forthe1960modelyear)Mercury
ColonyPark/Commuter,andFordCountrySquire/CountrySedan/RanchWagon
Limitedproductionconvertible2,100mm(82.7in)(armoured)193843MercedesBenz
770W150[2]
PickupTruck2,438mm(96.0in)DodgeRam3500DRW
SUV
SUV2,197mm(86.5in)19912006(forthe19922006modelyears)HummerH1
Van
Currentvan2,126mm(83.7in)FordTransit
Van2,240mm(88.2in)MercedesBenzVario
Narrowest
Currentproductioncar1,475mm(58.1in)DaihatsuMove,HondaLife,MazdaCarol,Mitsubishi
i,SuzukiAltoetc.alongwithotherkeicars
Productioncar990mm(39.0in)196265PeelP50

Height
Tallest
Car
Currentproductioncar1,641mm(64.6in)RollsRoycePhantom(extendedwheelbase)
Productioncar2,550mm(100.4in)19049Fiat60HP
PickupTruck2,956mm(116.4in)BrabusUnimogU500BlackEdition
SUV
CurrentSUV1,989mm(78.3in)FordExpeditionandLincolnNavigator
SUV2,042mm(80.4in)FordExcursion
Van3,055mm(120.3in)MercedesBenzSprinter
Lowest
Currentproductioncar1,015mm(40.0in)Caterham7CSR
Productioncar810mm(31.9in)195658LotusEleven
LimitedProductioncar736.6mm(29.0in)1969Probe15[3]

Wheelbase
Longest
Car
Currentproductioncar4,418mm(173.9in)2016MercedesMaybachPullman
Productioncar4,418mm(173.9in)2016MercedesMaybachPullman
Productionconvertible3,912mm(154.0in)(29produced)193337(forthe193437model
years)CadillacV16
Productioncoupe3,912mm(154.0in)(20produced)193337(forthe193437model
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years)CadillacV16
Productionstationwagon3,340mm(131.5in)195051(forthe1951modelyear)Chrysler
NewYorkerTownandCountry
Limitedproductioncar4,572mm(180.0in)1927BugattiRoyalePrototype
Limitedproductioncoupe4,300mm(169.3in)1931BugattiRoyaleKellner
Limitedproductionsedan4,300mm(169.3in)192933BugattiRoyale
PickupTruck4,379mm(172.4in)FordF250/F350crewcablongbed
SUV
CurrentSUV3,327mm(131.0in)FordExpeditionELandLincolnNavigatorL
SUV3,482mm(137.1in)FordExcursion
Van4,332mm(170.6in)NissanNV400,Opel/VauxhallMovanoandRenaultMaster
Shortest
Currentproductioncar1,867mm(73.5in)SmartFortwo
Productioncar1,270mm(50.0in)196265PeelP50

Track
WidestFront
Car
Productioncar1,720mm(67.7in)2011LamborghiniAventador
Productionstationwagon1,628mm(64.1in)196878(forthe196978modelyears)
MercuryColonyPark/Marquis/Monterey
PickupTruck1,879mm(74.0in)FordF150SVTRaptor
SUV
CurrentSUV1,745mm(68.7in)CadillacEscalade,ChevroletSuburbanandGMCYukon
SUV1,819mm(71.6in)19912006(forthe19922006modelyears)HummerH1
Van1,786mm(70.3in)FordE150RegularWagon
WidestRear
Car
Productioncar1,722mm(67.8in)BMWi8[4]
Productionconvertible1,700mm(66.9in)LamborghiniAventador
Productionstationwagon1,633mm(64.3in)196878(196978modelyears)Mercury
ColonyPark/Marquis/Monterey&FordCountrySquire/CountrySedan/RanchWagon
PickupTruck1,925mm(75.8in)DodgeRam3500DRW
SUV
CurrentSUV1,744mm(68.7in)CadillacEscalade,ChevroletSuburbanandGMCYukon
SUV1,819mm(71.6in)19912006(forthe19922006modelyears)HummerH1
Van1,915mm(75.4in)FordE350SuperDutyDualRearWheels
NarrowestFront990mm(39.0in)196265PeelP50
NarrowestRear521mm(20.5in)195361Isetta

Curbweight
Heaviest
Car
Currentproductioncar2,745kg(6,052lb)RollsRoycePhantomEWB
Productioncar4,800kg(10,582lb)(armouredatleast21produced)193843Mercedes
Benz770W150[2]
Productionconvertible2,721.52,857.5kg(6,0006,300lb)(29produced)193337(forthe
193437modelyears)CadillacV16
Productioncoupe2,721.5kg(6,000lb)(20produced)193337(forthe193437model
years)CadillacV16
Productionstationwagon2,449.5kg(5,400lb)197374(forthe1974modelyear)Buick
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EstateandOldsmobileCustomCruiser(withthirdseatandwoodgrain)
Limitedproductionconvertible4,400kg(9,700lb)(armoured)193843MercedesBenz
770W150[2]
Limitedproductioncoupe3,175kg(7,000lb)1931BugattiRoyaleKellner
PickupTruck6,600kg(14,551lb)InternationalXT
SUV
CurrentSUV5,900kg(13,000lb)2008ConquestKnightXV
SUV5,900kg(13,000lb)2008ConquestKnightXV
Van
CurrentVan3,075kg(6,779lb)IvecoDaily
Van4,380kg(9,656lb)MercedesBenzVario
Lightest
Currentproductioncar456kg(1,005lb)ArielAtom
Productioncar59kg(130lb)196265PeelP50

Engines
Enginedisplacement
Smallest
Currentproductioncar624cubiccentimetres(38.1cuin)2008TataNano
Productioncar49cubiccentimetres(3.0cuin)196265PeelP50
Largest
Currentproductioncar8,390cubiccentimetres(512.0cuin)V102013DodgeSRTViper
Productioncar13,503cubiccentimetres(824.0cuin)I6191218PierceArrowModel666Raceabout
and191214PeerlessModel660
Limitedproductioncar46,900cubiccentimetres(2,862.0cuin)V12BMWVIBrutus(onlyonecarwas
everproduced)[5]

Power
Highestpowerbyenginetype
Petrolengine(naturallyaspirated)633kW(861PS849hp)2013FerrariFXXK,6,262cc(382.1cuin)
FerrariF140CFV12
Petrolengine(forcedinduction)1,118kW(1,520PS1,499bhp)BugattiChiron,8,000cc(488.2cuin)
W16
Dieselengine(naturallyaspirated)138kW(188PS185bhp)1992FordF250/F350,7,276cc
(444.0cuin)IDIDieselV8
Dieselengine(forcedinduction)368kW(500PS493bhp)AudiQ7V12TDI,5,934cc(362.1cuin)
twinturboTDIV12[6][7]
Electricmotor811kW(1,088hp)2015RimacConceptOne[8]
Highestpowerbybodystyle
Car1,118kW(1,520PS1,499bhp)KoenigseggRegera,5,065cc(309.1cuin)V8andthreeElectric
Engines
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PickupTruck430kW(585PS577bhp)2014HSVMalooGTS6,162cc(376.0cuin)V8petrol
SUV591.9kW(805PS794bhp)2012JeepGrandCherokeeSRT8HennesseyHPE8007,000cc
(427.2cuin)V8petrol[9][10]
Van255kW(347PS342bhp)2014ChevroletExpressandGMCSavana5,967cc(364.1cuin)V8
petrol
Highestspecificpower(powertoweightratio)
Naturallyaspirated575hp(1.22hp/kg)2007CaparoT1V8engine429kW(583PS575hp)and470kg
(1,036lb)
Forcedinduction1,244hp(1hp/kg)2011HennesseyVenomGT,7,000cc(427.2cuin)V8petrol
927.65kW(1,261PS1,244hp)and1,244kg(2,743lb)
Highestspecificengineoutput(power/unitdisplacement)
Petrol/Gasoline(naturallyaspirated)pistonengine124.3kW(169.0PS166.7hp)perlitre2009Ariel
Atom500372.9kW(507PS500hp)3.0L[11]
Petrol/Gasoline(forcedinduction)pistonengine164.22kW(223.3PS220.2hp)perliter2014
MitsubishiLancerEvolutionXFQ440MR328.107kW(446PS440hp)1,998cc(121.9cuin)4B11TI4
turbo[12]
Biofuelpistonengine200kW(272PS268hp)perlitre2013KoenigseggOne:11,000kW(1,360PS
1,341hp)
Dieselengine(naturallyaspirated)33.38kW(45.4PS44.8hp)perlitre1993MercedesE300Diesel
100kW(136PS134hp)DIN2.996LOM606I6
Dieselengine(forcedinduction)93.33kW(126.9PS125.2hp)perlitre2012BMWM550d3.0LI6
tripleturbo280kW(381PS375hp)DIN
Pistonlessrotaryengine(naturallyaspirated)140.5kW(191.0PS188.4hp)perlitreMazdaRX8
Renesis184kW(250PS247hp)JIS1.3L
Pistonlessrotaryengine(forcedinduction)158.46kW(215.4PS212.5hp)perlitreMazdaRX7
206kW(280PS276hp)JIS1.3L

Torque
Highesttorquebyenginetype
Forcedinductionpetrolengine1,600Nm(1,180lbfft)2016BugattiChiron,7,993cc(487.8cuin)
W16
Naturallyaspiratedpetrolengine814Nm(600lbfft)2012presentDodgeViper,8,390cc(512.0cuin)
V10
Forcedinductiondieselengine1,254Nm(925lbfft)2017FordSuperDuty6.7Powerstroke,6,653cc
(406.0cuin)V8[13]
Naturallyaspirateddieselengine488Nm(360lbfft)198894FordF250/350IDIdiesel,7,276cc
(444.0cuin)V8
Electricmotor1,600Nm(1,180lbfft)2015RimacConceptOne
Highesttorquebybodystyle
Car1,600Nm(1,180lbfft)2016BugattiChiron,7,993cc(487.8cuin)W16petrol
PickupTruck1,254Nm(925lbfft)2017FordSuperDuty6.7Powerstroke,6,653cc(406.0cuin)V8
diesel[13]
SUV1,115Nm(822lbfft)JeepGrandCherokeeSRT8HPE800,7,000cc(427.2cuin)V8petrol[9][14]
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Van712Nm(525lbfft)2014ChevroletExpressandGMCSavana,6,599cc(402.7cuin)V8diesel
Highestspecifictorque(torque/unitdisplacement)
Themeaneffectivepressure(MEP)isausefulcomparisontool,givingtheaveragecylinderpressureexertedonthe
piston.
Petrolengine(naturallyaspirated)MEP15.08bar,120.03Nm(89lbfft)perlitre2010Ferrari458
540Nm(398lbfft)
Petrolengine(forcedinduction)MEP35.1bar,279.3Nm(206lbfft)perlitre2014MitsubishiLancer
EvolutionXFQ440MR558.6Nm(412lbfft)
Petrolengine(naturallyaspiratedpistonlessrotaryengine)MEP21.5bar,170.8Nm(126.0lbfft)perlitre
2005MazdaRX8222Nm(164lbfft)
Petrolengine(forcedinductionpistonlessrotaryengine)MEP30.3bar,241.38Nm(178.0lbfft)perlitre
MazdaRX7Turbo313.8Nm(231lbfft)
Dieselengine(naturallyaspirated)MEP9.03bar,71.88Nm(53lbfft)perlitre1999NissanSunnyB15
2.2D157Nm(116lbfft)2.184LNissanYDengine
Dieselengine(forcedinduction)MEP31.9bar,254Nm(187lbfft)perlitre2015VolkswagenPassat
500Nm(369lbfft)1.968L2.0TDIBiTurbo

Fueleconomy
ThefollowingareallvehiclessoldintheUnitedStates.Somevehiclesfromothercountrieshavebetterfuel
economy.
HighestMPGalldieselproductionvehicle1984NissanSentrawith41combined/37city/46
highway.[15]
HighestMPGallgasolineproductionvehicle1986ChevroletSprintERwith48combined/44city/53
highway.[16]
HighestMPGallnaturalgasproductionvehicle2012HondaCivicGXwith31combined/27city/38
highway.[17]
HighestMPGE85productionvehicle2013FordFocusSFEFWDFFVwith23combined/20city/28
highway.[18]
HighestMPGproductionelectrichybrid2000HondaInsightwith53combined/49city/61highway.[19]
HighestMPGproductionpluginelectrichybrid2012ToyotaPriusPluginHybridwith51combined/50
city/49highwayMPGand95combinedMPGe.[20]
HighestMPGeproductionelectricvehicle2013HondaFitEVwith118combined/132city/105
highway.[21]

Price
Mostexpensive(production)US$4,850,000KoenigseggTrevita[22]
Leastexpensive(production)US$125(equivalentto$1,770in2015)1922Briggs&StrattonFlyer
Mostexpensive(auction)US$38,115,0001962Ferrari250GTO(2014)
Mostexpensive(privatesale)US$52,000,0001963Ferrari250GTO(2013)[23]
Mostexpensive(conceptcar)US$8,000,0002005MaybachExelero

Performance
Acceleration
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Quickest0to100km/h(0to62mph)2.2seconds2015Porsche918Spyder[24][25]
Quickest0to161km/h(0to100mph)4.5secondsBugattiVeyronSuperSport[26]
Quickest0to200km/h(0to124mph)6.6secondsKoenigseggOne:1[27]
Quickest0to300km/h(0to186mph)11.92secondsKoenigseggOne:1[27]

Topspeed
Highesttopspeed:BugattiVeyronSuperSport431km/h(268mph).[28][29]
Highesttopspeed(naturallyaspiratedengine):199298McLarenF1391.23km/h(243mph)
Highesttopspeed(forcedinductiondieselengine):BMWAlpinaD3BiTurbo278km/h(173mph)

HighestRPMredline
Internalcombustionproductioncar:ArielAtom50010,500rpm[30]
Electricproductionvehicle:200812TeslaRoadster14,000rpm

Sales
Seealso:
Listofbestsellingvehiclenameplates,
Listofautomobilesalesbymodel
Bestsellingmodels
BestsellingvehiclenameplateToyotaCorolla(morethan39,000,000soldinninegenerationssince1966)
BestsellingsinglemodelVolkswagenBeetle(21,529,464ofthesamebasicdesignsoldworldwide
between1938and2003)
Bestsingleyearsales1.36million2005ToyotaCorolla[31]
Bestsinglemonthsales126,905July2005FordFSeries[32]

Firsts
Mostlyfullproductionvehiclesarelistedhere.Manywereprecededbyracingonlycars.Thislistmainlyincludes
developmentsthatledtowidespreadadoptionacrosstheautomotiveindustry.

Industry
Firstfullyfunctioningautomobile1885BenzPatentMotorwagen
Firstproductionautomobile1888BenzPatentMotorwagen
Firstautomotiveprovingground1915DodgeBrothersTestTrack,Hamtramck,Michigan
Firstautocompanytechnicalinstitute1919GeneralMotorsInstitute(nowKetteringUniversity)

Enginetypes
Straightengines
Firststraightsixengine1903Napier
Firstproductionstraighteightengine1918IsottaFraschini[33]
Vengines
FirstproductionV4engine1922LanciaLambda[34]
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FirstproductionV6engine1950LanciaAurelia
FirstV8engine1904Marmon
FirstproductionV8engine1910DeDionBoutonCJ[35]
FirstproductionAircooledV8Engine1956Tatra603
FirstV16engine1929MaseratiTipoV4[36]
FirstproductionV16engine1930CadillacV16
Flatengines
Firstflatfourengine1900Benz20hpracingcar
Firstproductionflatfourengine1901WilsonPilcher
Firstflatsixengine1904WilsonPilcher
Firstproductionflatsixengine1948Tucker48
Firstflattwelveengine1964HondaRA271FormulaOne
Firstproductionflattwelveengine1973Ferrari365GT4BB

Enginetechnologies
engineconfiguration&othermiscellaneousfundamentalconstructiondetails
firstenginewithremovablecylinderhead1889Bernardi[37][38]
firstsquareengine1900GeorgesRichard31/2HP[39]
firstvariabledisplacementengine1905Sturtevant38/45six
firstcounterbalancedcrankshaft1908MercerType35
firstaluminumengineblock1922LanciaLambda[34]
firstsplitplanecrankshaft1922(forthe1923modelyear)CadillacV8engine
firstcrankcaseventilationsystem1925(forthe1926modelyear)CadillacV8engine
firstaluminumcylinderhead1928Fiat[40]
firstdieselenginedproductioncar1935CitroenRosalie
firstgasturbinecar1950Rover
firstMillercycleengine1996MazdaMillenia
firstAtkinsoncycleengine1997ToyotaPrius
firstHydrogenvehicleBMWHydrogen7(Germany)
Wankelengines
firstWankelengine1964NSUSpider
firstfrontwheeldrivecarwithWankelengine1966NSURo80
first2rotorWankelengine1966NSURo80
first3rotorWankelengine1969MercedesC111
first4rotorWankelengine1970MercedesC111
firstturbochargedWankelengine1982MazdaLuceandCosmo
valvetrain
firstoverheadvalve(OHV)engine1889Bernardi[37][38]
firstoverheadcamshaft(OHC)engine1903MarrAutoCar[41]
firstsleevevalve1909Daimler(developedfunctionalsystemfrom1903KnightEnginedesign)[42]
firstdoubleoverheadcamshaft(DOHC)engine1921Ballot
multivalveengines
firstlimitedproduction3valveengine1912BugattiType18
firstlimitedproduction4valveengine1913PeugeotGrandPrix
firstlimitedproduction5valveengine1921PeugeotGrandPrix
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firstproduction3valveengine1924BugattiType35
firstproduction4valveengine1973TriumphDolomiteSprint
firstmultivalveturbochargedengine1980MaseratiBiturbo(AM452)
first6valveengine1985MaseratiBiturbo2.0LV636v261hp(prototype)[43]
firstproduction5valveengine1989MitsubishiDanganZZ
first3valvedieselengine1989CitronXM
first4valvedieselengine1993MercedesBenzCClass(OM604engine)
variablevalvetiming(VVT)
firstVariableValveTiming(VVT)engine1980AlfaRomeoSpider2.0L[44]
firstelectronicVVT1987Nissan300ZRVG30DENVCSV6
firstcamswitchingVVT1989HondaIntegraRSi/XSiB16AVTEC1.6LDOHCI4
firstVVTpassengercardieselengine2010MitsubishiASX4N131.8LDOHCI4
aspiration
firstsuperchargedcar1921Mercedes6/25/40hp
firsttwinsuperchargedcar1935AlfaRomeo8C2900
firstturbochargedcar1961(forthe1962modelyear)OldsmobileF85(TurboJetfire)
firstapplicationofawastegatetoregulateaturbocharger'sboost1961(forthe1962modelyear)
OldsmobileF85(TurboJetfire)[45]
firstturbochargeddieselcar1978MercedesBenz300SD
firstsuperchargedandturbochargedcar1985LanciaDeltaS4Stradale
firstvariablegeometryturbocharger1988HondaLegendWingTurbo[46]
firstvariablegeometryturbocharger(diesel)1991FiatCroma[47]
firsttwinturbochargedcar1981MaseratiBiturbo
firsttripleturbochargedcar2012BMWM550dxDrive
firstquadturbochargedcar1991BugattiEB110
fuelsystems
firstcarburetor1889Bernardi[38]
firstcarburetorairfilter1889Bernardi[38]
firstautomaticchoke1931(forthe1932modelyear)Oldsmobile
firstfourbarrelcarburetor1940(forthe1941modelyear)Buick(CompoundCarburetion)
fuelinjection(FI)
firstFIengine1910AdamsFarwellDiesel
firstnondieselFIengine1952GoliathGP700andGutbrod
firstgasolinedirectinjectionengine1952GoliathGP700andGutbrod
firstElectronicFuelInjection(EFI)1957RamblerRebel(prototypes)[48]
firstlimitedproductionEFI1957(forthe1958modelyear)Chrysler300D,DeSotoAdventurer,
DodgeD500andPlymouthFury[48]
firstproductionEFI1968VolkswagenType3andType4
firstdieseldirectinjectionengine1987FiatCromaTurboDi.d.[49]
firstturbochargeddieseldirectinjectionengine1987FiatCromaTurboDi.d.[49]
firstelectronicgasolinedirectinjection1996MitsubishiGalant/Legnum4G93GDII4
firstpassengercarcommonraildieseldirectinjectionengine1997AlfaRomeo156JTD[50]
firstturbochargedgasolinedirectinjectionengine2000MitsubishiPajeroIO4G93
ignitionsystems
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firstcontactbreakerpointignition1910CadillacModelThirty/Delco
firstoptionalelectronicignition1963GeneralMotors/Delco
firststandardelectronicignition1968FiatDino2.0/Dino206GT(MagnetiMarelliDinoplex)[51]
firstdistributorlessignitionCitron2CV(???)
generalmiscellany
firstCaliforniaUltraLowEmissionVehicle1995HondaAccord
firstCaliforniaSuperUltraLowEmissionVehicle2000HondaAccordI4[52]
firstflexfuelvehicle(bioethanolandgasoline)1908FordModelT

Hybridvehicles
Firstgaselectrichybrid1899LohnerPorscheMixte
Firstmodernhybridcar1904AutoMixte(Belgium)
Firstmassproducedhybridcar1997ToyotaPrius
Firsthybridbus1997Hino
Firstallwheeldrivehybrid2003(forthe2004modelyear)FordEscapeHybrid
FirsthybridSUV2003(forthe2004modelyear)FordEscapeHybrid
Firsthybridluxurycar2004(forthe2005Japanesemodelyear)LexusRX400h(introducedJanuary
2004)
Firstmildhybridpickuptruck2004(forthe2005modelyear)ChevroletSilverado/GMCSierraHybrid
Firstfullhybridpickuptruck2008(forthe2009modelyear)ChevroletSilverado/GMCSierraHybrid
First4fuelhybrid2010MonteCarloAutomobileQuadrifuel(poweredwithbioethanol,hydromethane,
gasolineandLPG)[53][54]

Body
Firsttricar1885BenzPatentMotorwagen[55]
FirstmotorizedtruckOctober1896Daimler
Firstsedan/saloon1900RenaultVoiturette
Firstproductionstationwagon(estate)1908FordModelT
Firstproductionclosedbodycar1910CadillacModelThirty
Firstcyclecar1910GN/1910Bdlia[56]
Firstaerodynamicdesign1914A.L.F.A.40/60HPAerodinamica
Firstproductionaerodynamicdesign1921RumplerTropfenwagen
Firstmonocoque1922LanciaLambda[34]
Firstshatterresistantwindshieldglass1925(forthe1926modelyear)Cadillac
Firstminivan1932StoutScarab
Firstallaluminiumbody1933RileyNineKestrel
Firstcoupconvertible1934Peugeot401DEclipse
FirstPickup/Utilityvehicle(Ute)1934FordCouputility
Firstretractablehardtoproof1934PourtoutLanciaBelnaEclipse(coachbuilt)
Firstproductionretractablehardtoproof1957FordFairlane500Skyliner
Firstflushmountedgasdoor1936Cord810
Firstfullyboxedframe1938ERAR4D(racingcar)
Firstfiberglassbody1946StoutScarabExperimental(alsofirstmonocoquefiberglassbody)
Firstsafetywindshield1947(forthe1948modelyear)Tucker(popoutsafetyglass)
Firsthardtop1948(forthe1949modelyear)CadillacCoupedeVille,BuickRoadmasterRivieraand
Oldsmobile98Holiday
Firstproductionminivan1946ChenardetWalckerCHV
Firstlimitedproductionfiberglassbody1951(forthe1952modelyear)WoodillWildfire
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Firstproductionfiberglassbody1952(forthe1953modelyear)ChevroletCorvette
Firsthatchback1953AstonMartinDB2/4
Firstbodymadeofrecycledmaterial1954TrabantP70
First4doorhardtop1955(middleofthemodelyear)BuickCenturyRivieraandSpecialRivieraand
Oldsmobile98Holidayand88Holiday
Firsthardtopstationwagon1955(forthe1956modelyear)RamblerSixandV8
Firstproductionfiberglassmonocoque1956BerkeleySA322
FirstMiniMPV1956Fiat600Multipla
Firstfiberglassbodiedconvertible1952(forthe1953modelyear)ChevroletCorvette
Firstfiberglassbodied4doorSedan1970AnadolA2
FirstfiberglassbodiedStationwagon/Estatecar1973AnadolSV1600
Firstelectricbootspoiler1986LanciaThema8.32
Firstallaluminiumspaceframe1990HondaNSX
Firstcarbonfibremonocoque1993McLarenF1
Firststressbearingengineactinglikeastructuralmember1995FerrariF50
FirstCrossover2002RenaultAvantime
Firstsinglepiececarbonfibremonocoque2003InvictaS1
FirstfullyboxedframePickup2003(forthe2004modelyear)FordF150(???)

Transmission
Manualtransmissions
FirstReverse1902FIAT8/16HP
Firstsynchronizedtransmission1924IsottaFraschini8A[57]
Firstoverdrive1933(forthe1934modelyear)ChryslerAirflow
Firstmodernconesynchromeshtransmission1952Porsche356
First3speedmanual1894Bernardi3.5HP[37]
First4speedmanual1901Ceirano5HP[58]
First5speedmanual1948LanciaArdeaMk3
First6speedmanual1967AlfaRomeo33Stradale
First7speedmanual2011Porsche991
First8speedmanual1931MaybachDS8[59]
Automatictransmissions
Firstautomatictransmission1939Oldsmobile(HydraMatic,alsothefirst4speedautomatic)
Firsttorqueconverterautomatic1948(middleofmodelyear)BuickRoadmaster(Dynaflow)
Firstnonplanetaryautomatic1968Honda(Hondamatic)
First2speedautomatic1947GMDynaflow1948modelyearBuickRoadmaster
First3speedautomatic1950BorgWarnerAutomaticDriveStudebakerLandCruiser
First4speedautomatic1939Oldsmobile(HydraMatic,alsothefirstautomatic)
First5speedautomatic1989NissanCedric,NissanCefiro,NissanGloria,NissanSkyline,Nissan
Laurel,(RE5R01A,Jatco/Nissantransmission)[60]
First6speedautomatic2002BMWE657Series(ZF6HP26)
First7speedautomatic2003MercedesBenz(7GTronic)
First8speedautomatic2007LexusLS460
First9speedautomatic2013RangeRoverEvoque
Firstselflockingdifferential1939AlfaRomeo6C2500SuperSport[61]
Firstlimitedslipdifferential1955(forthe1956modelyear)Studebaker
Note:In1939,theVolkswagenType82usedacamandpawltypedifferentialwhichhadasliplimitingeffect.)

Firstcontinuouslyvariabletransmission(CVT)1958DAF600"AType"
Firstelectronicallycontrolledcontinuouslyvariabletransmission(ECVT)1987SubaruJustyECVT
Firstactivedifferential1986Porsche959PSK(limitedproductionof200vehicles)
Firsttoroidalcontinuouslyvariabletransmission1999NissanCedricandNissanGloria
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Firstdualclutchtransmission2003VolkswagenGolfMk4R32(DirectShiftGearbox)[62]

Layout
FirstFRlayoutcar1895PanhardetLevassor
FirstRRlayoutcar1886BenzPatentMotorwagen
FirstFRlayouttransaxlecar1898DeDionBouton
Firstfourwheeldrivecar1910CaldwellVale
FirstMRcar1921RumplerTropfenwagen
Firstfrontwheeldrivecar1924Tracta(GregoireTracta)
Firsttransversefrontwheeldrivecar1931DKWF1
Firstfourwheeldrivecar1966JensenFF
FirsttransversefrontwheeldriveI6car1970AustinKimberleyandAustinTasman
Firstmassproducedfourwheeldrivecar1972SubaruLeone4WDStationWagon
Firsttransversefourwheeldrivecar1983FiatPanda4x4
FirstMRfourwheeldrivecar1983Peugeot205Turbo16(homologationspecial,200roadcarsproduced
forGroupBregulations.)
FirsttransversefrontwheeldriveI5car1991Volvo850[63]

Suspension
Firstfrontindependentsuspension1898Decauville
Firsttorsionbarsuspension1921Leyland
Firsthydraulicshockabsorbers1922LanciaLambda[34]
Firstcoilspring/shockabsorbersuspension1922LanciaLambda[34]
Firstfullyindependentsuspension1931AlfaRomeo8C
Firstairsuspension1946StoutScarabExperimental
FirstMacPhersonstrutsuspension1949FordVedette
Firstselflevellingsuspension1954CitronTractionAvant15/6"H"
Firstantirollbars1955CitronDS(frontandrear)
Firstselflevellingsuspensiononallfourwheels1955CitronDS
Firstproductionairsuspension1956(forthe1957modelyear)CadillacEldoradoBrougham(standard)
FirstChapmanstrutsuspension1958LotusElite
Firstelectronicadjustablesuspensiondampers1981NissanSkyline
Firstelectronicallycontrolledsemiactivesuspension1983ToyotaSoarer(JapanmarketmodelToyota
ElectronicModulatedSuspension[64])andMitsubishiGalant(ElectronicSteeringChassis)
Firstactiveairsuspension1987MitsubishiGalantactiveECS
Firstfullyactivesuspensionwithoutantirollbars:1989onToyotaCelica:ToyotaActiveControl
Suspension[64]
Firstsemiactivehydraulicsuspension1990CitronXM(Hydractive)
Firstsemiactivesuspensionscanningtheroadahead(sonar)1990NissanLeopard/NissanCedric/Nissan
Maxima/NissanJ30DUETSSSuperSonicSuspension
Firstactiveantirollbars1994CitronXantiaActiva(SystemeCitrondeContrleActifduRoulis)
Firstactivesuspensionopticallyscanningtheroadahead2013MercedesBenzSClass(W222)(MAGIC
BODYCONTROLwithROADSURFACESCAN)[65]

Brakes
Firstfourwheelbrakes1910IsottaFraschini[33]
Firstpowerbrakes1919HispanoSuizaH6(mechanicallyassistedand4wheel[66])
Firsthydraulicpowerbrakes1921DuesenbergModelA[67](4wheel)
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Firstvacuumassistpowerbrakes1927(forthe1928modelyear)PierceArrow
FirstInboarddrumbrakes1937LanciaAprilia
Firstdiscbrakes1948(forthe1949modelyear)ChryslerCrownImperial(4wheelandstandard)
Firstinboarddiscbrakes1955CitronDS19
Firstdiagonallysplit,dualbrakecircuits1962Saab95/96
Firstantilockbrakingsystem1966JensenFF(DunlopMaxaretsystem,previouslyusedinaviation)
Firstelectrical&electronicantilockbrakingsystem1969(forthe1970modelyear)LincolnContinental
MarkIII(standard)
First4wheelelectrical&electronicantilockbrakingsystem1970(forthe1971modelyear)Imperial
Firstasbestosfreebrakepads1983SaabAutomobile
Firstregenerativebrakes1996GMEV1
Firstelectrohydraulicbrakes2001ToyotaPrius
Firstelectricparkingbrake2002BMWE65/E66

Driveraids
Firststeeringwheel1894Panhard
Firstspeedometer1901Oldsmobile
Firstwindscreenwiper1903MaryAnderson(inventor)
Firstelectromechanicalvehiclehorn1908Klaxon("ahoogah")
Firsttiltawaysteeringwheel1912Peerless
Firststandardrearviewmirror1912Marmon[68]
Firstadjustablesteeringcolumn1913LanciaTheta
Firstdashmountedfuelgauge1914Studebaker
Firstpowerwindscreenwiper1916WillysKnight
Firstturnsignals1919Phianna
Firstelectricwindscreenwiper1922WilliamM.Folberth(inventor)
Firstwindscreendefogger1927(forthe1928modelyear)Studebaker
Firsthornringedsteeringwheel1935(forthe1936modelyear)Cord810
Firstwindscreenwasher1936(forthe1937modelyear)Studebaker
Firstrearwindowdefogger1947(forthe1948modelyear)Cadillac
Firstpowersteering1950(forthe1951modelyear)ChryslerImperial
Firstcruisecontrol1956(forthe1957modelyear)Imperial
Firsttripcomputer1958SaabGT750
Firsttilt/telescopesteeringwheel1964(forthe1965modelyear)Cadillac
Firsttractioncontrolsystem/antislipregulation1970(forthe1971modelyear)fullsizeBuick(MaxTrac)
FirstLEDdisplay1976AstonMartinLagondainstrumentcluster
Firstoriginalequipment(OEM)CitizensBandradio1976(forthe1977modelyear)Lincoln,Cadillac,
Buick(exceptSkyhawk),Oldsmobile(exceptOmegaandStarfire)andPontiac(exceptVentura,Sunbirdand
Astre)
Firstelectronictripcomputer1978(inmiddleofmodelyear)CadillacSeville[69]
FirstnavigationsystemAugust1981HondaAccord(analog,dealerinstalled)[70]
FirstRainSensingWindshieldWipers1984Nissan200SXandSilvia
FirstCRTdisplay1984AstonMartinLagondacomputercontrolledinstrumentcluster
Firstelectronicfourwheelsteering1985NissanSkylineHICAS
Firstheadsupdisplay1987(forthe1988modelyear)OldsmobileCutlassSupreme
Firstdrivebywirethrottle1988BMW750iL
Firstmechanicalfourwheelsteering1988HondaPrelude4WS
Firstelectrochromicrearviewmirror1989LexusLS
Firstdigitalnavigationsystem1990AcuraLegend
FirstoriginalequipmentGPSnavigation1990MazdaEunosCosmoTypeECCS[71]
Firstdynamicstabilitycontrolsystem/ElectronicStabilityProgramme/VehicleStabilityControl1995
BMW7Series(E38)(DSCIII),MercedesBenzS600Coup(ESP),[72]andToyotaCrownMajesta
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(VSC)[64]
Firstadaptivecruisecontrol1995(for1996modelyear)MitsubishiDiamante(likethelaterToyotaCelsior
system,thisLIDARdidnotapplybrakes,onlythrottle&shifting)[73]
Firsttelematicsassistsystem1996(forthe1997modelyear)CadillacSeville(OnStar)andLincoln
Continental(MotorolaRESCU)
Firstnightvision1999(forthe2000modelyear)CadillacDeville
Firstnavigationsystemwithvoicecontrols2002InfinitiQ45
FirstradarCollisionavoidancesystem2003ToyotaHarrierPreCollisionSystemPCS[74]
Firstselfparking2004ToyotaPrius[75]
FirstBlindSpotInterventionSystem2005VolvoS80
FirstDriverdrowsinessdetection2007ontheVolvoS80DriverAlertControl[76]
Firstdrivereyelidmonitoringsystem2008ontheToyotaCrownDriverMonitoringSystem[74][77]
FirstSynchronizeddownshiftrevmatchingsystem2009Nissan370ZandFairladyZ
Firstactivepedestrianavoidancewithsteeringcorrection2013onLexusLS(XF40)(Japanonly)[78][79]

Passiverestraint
Firstsafetypadding1936(forthe1937modelyear)Chrysler
Firstseatbelts1947(forthe1948modelyear)Tucker
Firstpaddeddash1947(forthe1948modelyear)Tucker
Firstrearseatbelts1954(forthe1955modelyear)Ford
Firststandardseatbelts1958SaabGT750([2](http://www.trollhattansaab.net/archives/2005/02/saab_inn
ovation.html)[3](http://www.trollhattansaab.net/page/5))
Firstshoulderbelts1959VolvoPV444/544
Firststandardshoulderbelts1959Volvo122

Activerestraint
Firstairbags1973(forthe1974modelyear)fullsizeCadillac,BuickandOldsmobile(AirCushion
RestraintSystem)
Firststandarddualairbag1987Porsche944
FirstrearseatSRSairbags1993NissanPresident
Firstsideairbags1995Volvo850
Firstkneeairbag1996KiaSportage
Firstsixairbagsystem1997AudiA8:1sideairbagineverydoor+2frontairbags.
Firstheadairbags1997BMW7Series
Firstseatbeltairbags2010LexusLFA
Firstfrontcenterairbag2013ChevroletTraverse,BuickEnclaveandGMCAcadia

Tires
Firstuseofpneumatictires1895PeugeotL'Eclair(Michelin)
Firststandardpneumatictires1896BolleVoiturette
Firstradialplytires1946Michelin"X"(Optionalfitmenton1949Peugeots,Citron11CVandSimca8,
standardonthe1950LanciaAurelia)[80]
Firstselfrepairingtires1950Goodyear
Firstrunflattire1974Mini1275GT(DunlopDenovooptional)

Lighting
Firstelectricallighting1898Columbiaelectric
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Firstbrightheadlamps1899Bleirotcarbidegenerator
Firststandardlights1904"PrestOLite"acetylene
Firststandardelectricallights1908Peerless
Firstintegratedelectricalandlightingsystem1912CadillacModel1912Delco
First"dipping"headlamps1915GuideLampCompany
Firstoriginalequipment(OEM)"dipping"headlamps1917Cadillac
Firststoporbrakelights1919Phianna
Firstdualbeamheadlamp1924Bilux
Firstdirectionalheadlamps1934Tatra77
Firsthiddenheadlamps1935(forthe1936modelyear)Cord810[81](handcrankedfromdash)
Firstflushmountedtaillightswiththebody1935(forthe1936modelyear)Cord810
Firstfoglights1937(forthe1938modelyear)Cadillac
Firstpowerhiddenheadlamps1938BuickYJob
Firstproductionpowerhiddenheadlamps1941(forthe1942modelyear)DeSoto(standard)
Firstautodimmingheadlamps1951(forthe1952modelyear)CadillacandOldsmobile(AutronicEye)
Firstautoon/offheadlamps1959(forthe1960modelyear)Buick(TwilightSentinel)
Firstheadlampwipers1970Saab(95,96,99)[82]
FirstACHID(lowbeamonly)lights1991BMW7series
Firstneonlights1994(forthe1995modelyear)FordExplorer
FirstDCHIDlights1996(forthe1997modelyear)LincolnMarkVIII
FirstallLEDtaillights1998Maserati3200GT
Firstlowbeam/highbeamHIDheadlamps(BiXenon)1999onMercedesBenzCLClass[83]
FirstallLEDheadlamps2007AudiR8[84]
Firstlowbeam,frontpositionlightandsidemarkerLEDheadlights2008LexusLS600h
Firstcontinuouslyadaptivehighbeam(HID|2009ontheMercedesBenzEClass(W212)[85]
Firstheadlampswithpedestrianhighlighting/warningin2011onMercedesBenzCLClass(C216)[86]
FirstfullLEDcar+taillightswithautomaticvariableintensitycontrol2013ontheMercedesBenzS
Class(W222)[87]
Firstlaserheadlights2014AudiR8LMX[88]

Electricalsystem
Firstmagneto1897LanchesterMotorCompany[89]
FirstelectricselfstarterArnold(copyoftheBenzVelo)before1900.[90]
Firstpowerdoorlocks1914ScrippsBooth
Firsttwinsparkengine1914AlfaRomeoGrandPrix
Firstelectricpowerwindows1938BuickYJob(see"Other"fornonelectricproductionpowerwindows)
Firstcombinationkeyandignitionswitch1948(forthe1949modelyear)Chrysler
First12voltsystem1948LanciaArdeamk3
Firstalternator1959(forthe1960modelyear)PlymouthValiant
Firstsealedbattery1969(forthe1970modelyear)Pontiac"FreedomBattery"
Firstmultiplexingwiring1986(forthe1987modelyear)CadillacAllant
Firstintegratedcarsystemscontrol1987ToyotaSoarer(ElectroMultiVision)[91]

Climatecontrol
Firstexhaustsystemheat1917(???)
Firstcoolingsystemheat1926(???)(Cadillacalsolistsheatasanoptionfor$32inthe1926modelyear
althoughitisnotclearwhatthesourceis)
Firstautomobileairconditioning1939(forthe1940modelyear)Packard
Firstautomaticclimatecontrol1963(forthe1964modelyear)Cadillac
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Firstheatedseats1965(forthe1966modelyear)Cadillac
Firstdigitalclimatecontrol1975RollsRoyceCamargue
Firstventilatedseats1998Saab95
Firstcooledseats2000LincolnNavigator

Incarentertainment
FirstradioMay1922FordModelT(fittedtothepassengerdoorby18yearoldGeorgeFrost,presidentof
theLaneHighSchoolRadioClubinChicago)[92]
FirstradioinstalledbyacorporationNovember1922Daimler(installedinalimousinebytheMarconi
phonecompany)[92]
Firstaftermarketradio1923SpringfieldBodyCorporation
Firstoriginalequipment(OEM)radio1929(forthe1930modelyear)CadillacandLaSalle
Firstincarphonograph1955(forthe1956modelyear)Chrysler(optionalonallmakes)
FirstFMradio1958(forthe1959modelyear)Lincoln
Firststereo1964(forthe1965modelyear)fullsizeChevrolet
First8tracktape1965(forthe1966modelyear)LincolnandFordThunderbirdandMustang
FirstCompactCassette1977(forthe1978modelyear)CadillacandBuick(exceptSkyhawk)
Firststeeringwheelmountedaudiocontrols1984Nissan300ZXAE
Firstcompactdisc1986(forthe1987modelyear)LincolnTownCar
Firstactiveaudiovolumecontrol1989(forthe1990modelyear)ChevroletCorvetteBose/DelcoGold
Series
Firstfrontauxiliaryinput(forportabledevices)(OEMsystems)1991Mitsubishi3000GTandGalantVR
4
FirstBluetoothcapableaudiosystem1999(forthe2000modelyear)Chrysler
FirstMP3capableaudiosystem2001MazdaProtegMP3
Firstkaraoke2003GeelyBL
Firstactivenoisecancellation2005AcuraRL

Other
Firstantitheftdevice1930AnsaldoTipo22[93]
Firstpowerwindows1939(forthe1940modelyear)Packard180(hydroelectric)
Firstpowerseat1947(forthe1948modelyear)Cadillac,BuickandOldsmobile(hydraulic)
Firstsplitfoldingrearseats1959AutoUnion(allmakes)
Firstcompositewheels1970CitronSM
Firstproductioncartoachieve200mph(322km/h)1987RufCTRinApril1987[94]
Firststandardcompositewheels1989ShelbyCSX
Firstactiveexhaust1991Mitsubishi3000GT

Prewar
BestsellingprewarvehicleFordModelT(15,000,000soldbetween1908and1928)
LeastexpensiveUS$125(equivalentto$1,770in2015)1922Briggs&StrattonFlyer
LeastexpensivefullfeaturedautomobileUS$300(equivalentto$4,017in2015)192627(forthe1927
modelyear)FordModelT
FastestprewarstockproductionvehicleCordAutomobile1937supercharged812Beverlysedan
173km/h(107.66mph)September1937attheBonnevilleSaltFlats
FastestprewarlimitedproductionvehicleAlfaRomeo8C29001939AlfaRomeo8C2900clockedto
211km/h(131mph)averageatBrooklandsSpeedway(41made)
FastestprewarvehicleRailtonMobilSpecial2SCNapierLionV12595km/h(369.740mph)
DriverJohnCobbonAugust23,1939attheBonnevilleSaltFlats
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Longestprewarproduction6,096mm(240.0in)193335(forthe193435modelyears)CadillacV16
Longestprewarlimitedproduction6,400mm(252.0in)192733BugattiRoyale
Longestprewarproductionwheelbase3,912mm(154.0in)193337(forthe193437modelyears)
CadillacV16
Longestprewarlimitedproductionwheelbase4,572mm(180.0in)1927BugattiRoyalePrototype
Widestprewar2,100mm(82.7in)193843MercedesBenz770W150(armoured)
Widestprewarfronttrack1,626mm(64.0in)193843MercedesBenz770W150
Widestprewarreartrack1,676mm(66.0in)193843MercedesBenz770W150
Tallestprewarproductioncar2,550mm(100.4in)19049Fiat60HP
Heaviestprewarcurbweight4,800kg(10,582lb)193843MercedesBenz770W150(armoured)
Largestprewarlimitedproductioncarinlinefourengine28.3L(1,727in3)1911FiatS76[95][96]
Largestprewarstraight621,112cc(1,288in3)1905PanhardetLevassor50CV
Largestprewarlimitedproductionstraight814,726cc(899in3)1927BugattiRoyale
LargestprewarV814,700cc(897in3)191012DeDionBouton
LargestprewarV1211,310cc(690in3)193538HispanoSuizaJ12
LargestprewarV168,048cc(491in3)193033(forthe193133modelyears)MarmonSeries16

Seealso
Unitsofmeasurement
InternationalSystemofUnits
UnitedStatescustomaryunits
Imperialunits
Power
Torque
Mass

References
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