SHEIKH TECHNICAL VETERINARY SCHOOL (STVS)

SHEIKH TECHNICAL VETERINARY SCHOOL (STVS)                      

 
 
 

 Osman Abdullah farah

Student no: 0087

Date: 14 to 19July 2009

 
 
 
 
 
INTRODCUTION
 
This report represent three days of field work were student specially first year students have been
sent for field work to progress student’s practical  skills and to  collect data form different place
at different times and each group had its own questionnaire form .
 The students too materials include protective clothes such as Aprons, plastic boots to prevent
contamination and infection also they too postmortem materials.
The students moved from sheikh on the 13 JULLY.2009 .and reached burao town the same day
at night.
The three days of the field work was meant to encourage student’s theory and practical skills 
what they leant in the glass after one year of students stvs during first semester and second
semester .
 

BACKBROUND OF THE STUDY AREA

Burao is the second largest city in Somaliland as well as the capital of Together Region, the
major of Buroa
the city has one university which was  build in 2005 is also has full electricity and reliable water
supply form under ground the weather in Burao such like the other inland towns of Somaliland ,
therefore its warm and dry year around.
 
The average day time temperature  during the summer months of June and August can rise to
35co       with low of 25co , the city is divided by a valley which joins or pours its water into to
Indian Ocean an the valley of often is dry .
Burao city has the largest livestock market in Somaliland Regions.
 
 The map of the study area
 

                  
        
Studied area Burao
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OBJECTIVES OF THE FIELD STUDY AREA WERE TO:
Collect data and information from    various places in the burao
Practical the learnt skills in the assessment of animals such as slaughter house ,
market
Inspection of structures and facilities for meat processing
Students able to present their findings

CHAPTER TWO
METHODOLOGY
 
During the field work student use those methods
 OBSETVATION: These method students give information but not depth, and
are used when the oral interview is not possible.

INTERVIEW: this is one of the commonest methods for data collection in

qualitative research. So the students performed this way by assisting the tutors and
people who are present this place because some of those people when they  saw their
students  are trying to change such terrible conditions in the market of even the milk
market ,therefore those people are encouraged us to proceed our education
MAUAL SKILLS: this method was used mostly in slaughter house and meat
factory where the students are done the some practical skills include making cut section,
incise some organs.

Chapter three
 
 

The activity carried out

 
 
 Visit to meat factory
 Visit to Maandeeq camel dairy farm
 Visit to livestock market
 Visit to traditional slaughter house
 Visit Milk market
 
 
 
 

VISITED OT MEAT FACRTORY

 
On the Monday 15th July the students visited the meat factory of burao which  is locates on the
southwestern side of the town and it is far from the center on about 4km, is has an area of about
60hector although all this area is not developed , the area developed was 100meter , the meat
factory was established in 2000. but the it opened officially in 2004.the animals slaughtered in
the meat factory are young Billy goats under the age two year locally known as (jiqiiq), this
means is to slaughtered the name of Allah by directing the qibla, that why is called (HALAAL-

FOODMEAT FACTORY) the H-FOOD meat factory has worker at least 180 to 200
workers 40% of which are women.
The height of the walls of the in the clean area is 2meter upward.
The factory receives the animals that are slaughtered form the entire Somali ecosystem but the
highest number the factory got from the market of the Burao by a group called FASAL
GLOBAL GROUP.
 
The meat factory consist two parts
Clean area and dirty area.
In every section of the those two parts has it’s under process, the first step was took when the
animals enter the campus is to checked   
Killed labor….

Processing of meat
  When animals enter the compound of the factory, animals are inspected by making anti-mortem
examination; the animals suspected for with kind of disease are bringing back to the livestock
market. Only health animals are allowed to come in to the processing area. Before processing,
animals are kept back few hours for the resting place.
The factory has two main departments:
1. Technical department

2. Processing department

3. To commence processing, preparations should be made the processing facilities. Orderly,

the processing takes place like this:

Slaughtering:
 Animals are slaughtered manually according to Islamic law. Then, they are washed to prevent
the gross spread of microbes
 Figure1; Slaughtering of one goat
 
Skinning:
Skinning is done manually but a machine completes the process, with the help of the hanger the
carcass is incised through the midline of ventral abdomen and removed the visceral organs;
stomach, intestines, lungs, liver, heart and kidneys.
The carcass is carried by equipment called tracer to reach the area of cleaning.
 
 Figure2: These two animals are skinning with knife in left hind leg .
 
 
 
 
 
Cleaning:
The carcass is carried to the cleaning room, where esophagus and trachea is removed washing
pressurized water.
 The carcass passes the man called Checker to assure:
A.   It is cleaned properly

Total removal of visceral organs.

Pre-chilling:

 
 
 Figure3:  these carcass covering white cotton called (kafan)    

 The carcass is dried in pre-chilling room at temperature of 18co within 15 minutes.

 
 
 
 
 
 Chilling:
The carcass is weighted and put inside it with an ID card which tells that the meat is processed
by Hallal-Food meat Factory and dressed with white transparent cotton then cooled at
temperature of 12C0 with 36 hours.  Now the carcass is prepared for loading.
After the processing if there are infected organs, they are disposed to condemnation room and
later burned. The other remaining organs such as liver and kidney are sold are as locally to the
city, where stomach and intestines are not used as a source of food and disposed.
The factory has especial Lorries having refrigerators they transport the meat to Berbera Port to
U.A.E through Berbera port. During the transportation process, the meat is kept in a cold chain
and this increases palatability of the meat.     
 
 Those carcass are chilling at 32co to 42co
 
 
THE ADMINISTRATION THE MEAT FACTORY
 
THE HYGEINE OF THE HALAAL MEAT FACTORY
As he told us the manager of the meat factory there is hole and pipes locates the outside of the
campus which we dispose the rubbish and remainder of the waste product also we utilize some of
those waste product 
PROBLEMS FACED THE MEAT FACTROY
 
1. Loss of economy
 2. Lack of functioning lab
Maandeeq Camel Dairy Farm
The Maandeeq camel dairy farm is a big mixed farm around 100 hectors and locates the west of
the Burao city, 8 km apart from the city and its workers are 15 men. It was established 2003 by
the owner of the farm Said Jama Muse and his brother, it is the first mixed farm of livestock,
Milk, Vegetable, fodder and Fruits production in whole Somalia.
The farm contains part for production fruits and vegetables (he plant all the fruits and
vegetable plants at least 1000 trees), parts for production of fodder of livestock like alpha
grass, Zambian rods, Sudanian grass, Australia grass ,marring and wine grain
 
 First, he started as an experiment with sheep and goat then they become successful. Now days,
he put 17 lactating adult camels and their17 calves and 1 male for reproduction and he start
producing 60 liters of camel milk per day for local consumption.
However, the production of the camel increases day after day as the camel gets rest and nutrient
feed at that time the camel is not present tot the farm because he moved the camel to the HAWD
due to the droughts.
As the told as Mr. Saed jama muse known 
         
1.      Skilled labor
2. lack of supplement hormone to increase milk production    
 
   
INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE LIVESTOCK MARKET
On the 15th July I visited Burao livestock market to observe and evaluate and know the activities
going on and facilities available in livestock market in burao.
The road that enter the market are rough and the land is flat, dry and wing blew the sand and dust
.the market has two shades at the center which are sued to provide for the people those selling
and buying the animals, and the each shade is length 12meter and width 8meter.The market has
no public pen, but there are 22 private pens and every pen has its own hold ground, water and
hay storage and their security .there are nine rumps in the livestock market.
Rumps are used for loading and unloading of the animal to prevent slide.
There are one build of local government consist four for men and one for women and the
container of rubbish for local government at the eastern corner of the market
 

animal Price per head Taxes              

Goat 25 dollar to 35 dollar 1000 shillings S/L
sheep 23 dollar to 28 dollar 1000 shillings S/L
camel 200 dollar to 220 dollar 5000 shillings S/L
Table 1: showing the price and taxes of animals for local consumptions
 
 
 

animal Price per head Taxes

Sheep 30 to 40 dollar 3  $
Goat 32 to 35 dollar 3  $
Adult camel 350 to 400 dollar 5$
Young camel   5$
 
Table 2: showing price and taxes of animals for export
 
 
1.  Veterinary office:
 
The veterinary office of the livestock market is two rooms with same building of municipal
office
The workers of the veterinary office in the livestock market serves to inspect and make
general checking of health status of both exporting and local consumption animals and
give inspection certificate. The certificate fee is
150         shillings  S/L…sheep and goats
1000 shillings So/L…..camel
They help the pastoralist’s people by treating the animal freely and giving free drugs but
they charge the traders
 
2.      Municipal office.
the municipal office of the livestock market are two rooms, 5 toilets with same building of
veterinary office , the workers of the office are 7 workers and their tasks is to collect taxes from
the owners of the animal.
The function local government is:
•         To collect taxes from the owners
•         To collect the garbage from the market
•         To give security to the market
•         To solve the disputes between the traders and brokers or among the brokers
 
Observation of animals (sheep and goat) brought to market for sale.
 
The animals brought to the market are healthy and good body condition but some times the
animals meet problems during the road. I sow some animals transported through small sized
trucks to the market and the trucks was double dickers or two shelf, more animals  were
pressured in small spaces, this causes some animals to become dead, some fractures and other
skin injuries, this shows me lack
Welfare during transportation of animals.
 
The animals brought to the market includes male and female of sheep, goat and camel, female
for local consumption and male for export
 
.Interview with Veterinary officer.
On the same day I interviewed with Abdi Rashid, he is one of the veterinary technicians of the
ministry of livestock and officer of the livestock office of the market. He and other workers
works the livestock market, they inspect and check health status of both export and local
consumption animals and then they give health inspection certificate and  then they take the
owners of the animals the fee of health certificate( sheep and goat 150 land and camel 1000
land )
 
 
Interview with the traders:
 
On the same day, I met in the market a trader and I interviewed him. Mr Ismail yousuf Omar .is
one of the Somali land traders; he exports the animal to the U.A.E and Yemen.
He told me the he was trader longer period and he exports male of sheep and goat on the age
between 3 to 5 years. Before the ban of Somali animal, he was exporting 5000 up to 10,000
heads of animal per month but now days he exports between 1000 and 2000 heads per month.
before the ban he was sent his animal to the Saudi Arabia and he exchange  his animal by cash
but now he pay his animal by loan to the U.A.E and Yemen  traders  and they some times stole
the money and transfer to other countries.
 
Interview with the brokers
On the same day, I met and interviewed a broker called Ahmed Jama   he told me that their
function is:
To facilitate the producer to sell his animal easily
to check whether the animal is stolen or not
To connect the trader and the producer
To inform the trader the presence of the animal in the market
To decide the price according to the animal condition or fatness
The broker some times become inter market traders (fashle) bought the animal directly to the
producer and then they sell their animal to the traders at higher price, this always occurs when
there is a shortage of animal and price is high
In addition, he told me that there are more than 500 brokers in the market.
 
 
 
 
                                                     The structure of the livestock market

Producer
Livestock market
LOCAL CONSUMPTION
 TRADER
 
LIVE ANIMAL
CARCASS
 EXPORT MARKET
INDIVIDUAL
 
BUTCHER
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

BLOPLEMS FACED THE LIVESTOCK MARKET

 
              I.      Lack of electricity
           II.      Lack of storage
          III.      Lack of trees
        IV.      Lack of adequate shade
 
 
CHAMPTER
 
BURAO TRADITOINAL SLAUGTER HOUSE
Buroa traditional slaughter house is located to the northeastern side of the city and has area of
0.7km2 the slaughtered house contain two pars south and north .the south part was established
1964 by the former Somali government were this part slaughtered the sheep and goat while the
north part established in 1995 founded by care and implemented by local and international
Agency.
 
The workers of the slaughter house are 50. 40 of them are women while the other 10 are men
there are eight private pens near the slaughter house there the animals are rest before
slaughtering.
The slaughter house has three pools to store the water for cleaning of slaughter house although
pool is not adequate hygiene of the slaughter house is poor.
Slaughterhouse work stars 11:00 pm and ends at 6: oo am.
 
 
SLAUGTERING AND PROCESSING
Then the animals reaches the slaughter house it is slaughtered by direction of the qibla by
beginning  the incise the head on the ground and after eight to fifteen minutes the animals skin is
removed, secondly removed of visceral organ thirdly cut section .
 
This done by different women one is removed the skin while the other women is removed the
internal organs like fore stomach liver kidneys etc, after the carcass and the skin are put into a
sack and transported by vehicle owned by the local government to the meat market where
owners are present, the owner separate the carcass and skin from the others.
 
During the time of the in the slaughter house the students performed postmortem examination
and inspection by using these methods
Observation
Palpation
Cut section
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
During this the students saw many abnormalities after the inspection about 120
And they find 20 abnormalities
Table of the postmortem finding of the field work

N SPECIES SEX ORGAN FINDINGS

O
1 Goat female Rumen Rupture and plastic bags
2 Goat Female Intestine Nodules and lesion large intestine and colon
3 Sheep Female Liver Congested ,abscess, and nodular of
4 Sheep Female Liver Adhesion and hemorrhages in the bile duct
5 Goat Female Liver Puss in parenchyma area
6 Goat Female Pancreas Bile imbition and yellow discoloration
7 Sheep Female Intestine Cysts in the small intestine
8 Goat Female Liver Plastic bags
9 goat Female Liver Hard ,enlarged red, swollen
 
BLOPLEMS FACED THE LIVESTOCK MARKET
1)      Poor hygiene and sanitation
2)      Lack of roofs
3)      lack of electricity
4)      lack of  water
 
VISIT OF MILK MARKET
 
On the Thursday 17th July the students of year one class visited Burao milk market which locates
the center of the Burao city near the local government.
The milk market opens 9:00 am until 5:30pm in the evening.
The major milk which the milkers buy to the milk locally known as (CAANO GEEL) milk of the
camel also there is other called CIIR, DHANAAN AND DHAY.
The most nutrient of milk locally known as (DHAY) or  fresh milk because this milk are more
abundant with butter and other nutrients while the sowing milk ( ciir ) are removed the butter .
The producer brought milk to the market by plastic bottles which are more dangerous because of
they may sowing easily the milk and not store during the transportation.
This market is a short period time of market because the milk is perishable.
 
 
 Table 1:  shows   the price of the milk per cup

Species Color Price per cup

Camel white 5000 shillings
Cattle Yellowish 6000shillings
Sheep Yellowish 6000 shillings
Goat White  5500 shillings
 
DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF THE MILK MARKET
 
Supply of the milk depend on the season of the year when there is rainy season milk is sufficient
to the areas milk are brought to the market.
There is more milk came to the market during this season, the price of the milk is low then the
demand decreases while the demand of the milk was high because most of milk was used a
teashops, restaurants and other houses which feed the children.
The milk price is high at June to August due to the droughts.
 
CLASSIFICAIOTION OF MILK
The milk was classified according to the animals which produce like camel milk, sheep milk,
goat milk, and cattle milk.
 
 Also classified according to the test
1)      sowing milk
2)      fresh milk
 
 
HYGIENE OF THE MILK MARKET
Due to the position of the milk market is poor but the milkers of the milk are tries to maintain
their duty they boil the milk.
 
 

Conclusion
 
The students practice their knowledge of veterinary that they studied for last year , also the
students successfully achieve d their aim of this field work therefore  the STVS students of year
one class saw new thing that were not known , and they took good experience during the
collection and analyzing data form the Buroa . especially the students visited the varying places
like Maandeeq camel dairy farm which found the students a lot of difference knowledge such as
they realize the advantage and benefits of their animals if rearing the zero grassing way which is
modern methods of reared the animals in order to get milk and meat have high quality also they
visit modern H- food meat factory , this place the students gain high knowledge in what they saw
during the their visit , then the students visit traditional slaughter house and milk market .
 
The students gain their  visit which based on how   to known how to adapt their  study of
veterinary .thus I finalize my point the students field work in year one achieved as possible as
they can ,so the student utilize their work ,
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
RECOMMENDATION
I   have to like to recommend the society of Burao region and any body who want to take action
of the following point.
 
Poor hygiene and sanitation
Lack of roofs in the slaughter house
lack of electricity in the slaughter house and livestock market 
lack of  water in the slaughter house
Lack of electricity of the slaughter house
Lack of storage  in the slaughter house
Lack of adequate shades of the milk market and slaughter house
Lack of trees in the livestock market
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Questionnaires of Slaughter house
1.      When slaughterhouse established at first?
 
2.      How many meters does the building of the slaughterhouse occupy?
3.      Who established?
4.      How many people operate in the slaughterhouse?
5.      When do slaughtering starts?
6.      How many animals do you slaughter per day
7.      Where do you get the animal?
8.      Which species do you slaughter mostly
9.      At what age and sex do you prefer
10.  How do you recognize whether the animal is sick or not before slaughtering?
11.  Which diseases you are experience mostly?
12.  What are the requirements has the slaughterer needed to fit?
13.  Are there any guidelines that govern the smooth running of the slaughterhouse?
14.  Where do you dispose the wastes of the slaughterhouse?
15.  What facilities do you use for slaughtering?
 
QUESTIONNAIRE OF LIVESTOCK MARKET
Questionnaires for trader
1.      How many agents work in the market?
2.      How do you value the animal?
3.      In which aspects do you consider when paying and selling of animals?
4.      Do the traders have license from the government?
5.      Do you give out commission to the brokers?
6.      Where do you transport the animal? And which country
7.      What is the period between buying and selling of the animals?
 8.      At what season do the animals have the highest demand for the traders?
9.      Do you give out any veterinary services to the animal?
10.  Do you transport live animals?
 
QUESTIONNAIRES FOR producers
1.      Under which system do you rear the animals?
2.      What is the major purpose you sell your animals?
3.      Which species you rear mostly?
4.      Mostly Which disease you experience in your farming system?
5.      What are the kinds of drugs you give the diseased animal?
6.      Which source you do you get drugs from?
7.      Where do you market your product mostly?
8.      Which season do you supply your products to the market?
9.      Do you market any other products than live animals?
10.  If yes, what are these products?
11.  Which market do you supply your by-products?
12.  Which transport do you use for your animals to take to the market?
13.  Do you have direct contact with traders?
 
QUESTIONNAIRES FOR BROKERS
1.      How many animals do you sell per day?
2.      Do you have licenses from the government?
3.      How do you communicate with farmers and traders?
4.      How do you identify whether the animal is stolen or not?
5.      Whom do you charge your commission?
6.      At what time does the market opens and closes?
 
QUESTIONNAIRE OF CAMEL DAIRY FARM
 
When the camel dairy farm did was set up?
 
Where do they get their feed and water?
How many workers are in the camel dairy farm?
 
Are the workers women or men?
 
How many liters does the farm produce daily, weekly, and monthly
Where the product of the camel dairy farm does send?
Are the product exported or locally consumed?
 
What are the most consumers of your products such as restaurants,
shops, and families?
Do you have permanent customers or not?
Do all your products consumed or some remain?
How many animals are lactated now?
In addition, how many a
 
QUESTIONNAIRE OF MEAT FACTORY
1)                              Where do you get animal that you process?
2)                              In which ways do you get the animal that you process?
3)                              How many animals do you process per day or weak or per month?
4)                              Which species do you process mostly?
5)                              Which age do you prefer and why?
6)                              How do you grade your product?
7)                              Which equipment do you use?
8)                              How many workers in the factory?
9)                              Are they skilled?
 
10)                          Where do you get electricity?
11)                          How price of animal affect your activity?
12)                          Do your product use for locally or export?
13)                          Which is the most organs do you export?
 
 
 
 
 
QUESTIONNAIRE OF MILK MARKET
1. Where do you get the milk?
2. Which way you use to ensure milk hygiene and quality?
3. Which season is milk production very high and low?
4. Do the ages of milked animals affect the quality of milk?
5. Which form of transportation are the milk received?
6. How do you control hygiene of the milk?
7. What are the problems you face in the milk market?