A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ACHIEVEMENT IN

ENGLISH AMONG MUSLIMS AND NON-MUSLIMS

STUDENTS AT SENIOR SECONDARY LEVEL IN
RELATION TO THEIR INTELLIGENCE

DISSERTATION
M.Ed.

SUPERVISOR

SUBMITTED BY

DR. AZIMUR REHMAN,

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

JAYA MUKHERJEE
M.ED.

2013-2014
Department of Education,
Integral University
Lucknow.

DECLARATION

This is to certify that I have completed this dissertation work myself in the
department of education, Integral University, under the supervision of
Dr. AZIMUR REHMAN. I am fully responsible for all the quotations,
citations, calculations and interpretations.

JAYA MUKHERJEE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, I am thankful to almighty god for his blessings that
always help me to achieve the objective including the completing of present
Dissertation Report.
It is indeed a matter of pride for me to have completed my M.Ed. work
under the guidance and supervision of Dr. AZIMUR REHMAN (Assistant
Prof.), Faculty of Education Integral University, Lucknow. No formal words of
thankfulness or gratitude can represent my indebtedness to him for invaluable
help and scholarly, insightful and critical guidance starting from the formulation
of the problems to the final shaping of the dissertation report. I received almost
benefit from his advice and suggestions at each and every stage in spite of his
very busy schedule and being over-burdened with work.
I feel short of words to express thanks to Dr. Shaikh Azimuddin Dean,
Faculty of Education Integral University, Lucknow who offered all possible
help, encouragement and inspiration to complete the project.
I owe a dept of gratitude to the Principals, Head Masters and Teachers
who extended their fill cooperation and support during the process of data
collection. All these people deserves to be mentioned by name but the lack of
space restricted me to name them one by one. In addition the students upon
which tests were administered need special thanks for their co-operation.
Jaya Mukherjee
M.Ed. Student
2013-14

CONTENTS
Page No.
Chapter 1
1.0

Introduction

Education

1.1 Importance of Geography

1.2.1 The age of Geography

1.2.2 Ancient Geography

1.2.4 Geography of Medieval Islamic world

10

1.2.5 Early modern Period

13

1.2.6 Teaching of Geography

14

1.3.0 Studies related to the achievement in geography

15

Chapter 2 The Problem

2.1 Genesis of the Problem

25

2.2 Definition of the term

25

2.3.1 Achievement in Geography

26

2.3.2 Muslim students

26

2.3.4 Non Muslim students

27

2.3.5 Intelligence

28

2.3.8 Objective of the study

30

2.3.9 Hypothesis of the study

30

2.3.10 Delimitation of the study

31

Chapter 3 Design and Methodology

3.0 Methodology

34

3.1.0 Descriptive Research Method in Education

36

3.2.0 Population and Sample

37

3.2.1 Null Hypothesis

39

3.2.2 Level of significance

40

3.2.3 Tool used

42

3.2.4 Cattels Culture Fair Test (Intelligence)

42

3.3 Data Collection

48

3.4 Data Analysis

49

3.4.2 Calculation of Mean

50

3.4.3 Calculation of S.D.

50

3.4.4 Calculation of t values

50

Chapter 4
4.1

Analysis and Interpretation

Difference of achievement in Geography among to

the Muslim and Non Muslim

4.2

Difference of achievement in Geography among to

Muslim male and Non Muslim Male students

4.3

56

Difference of achievement in Geography among to

Muslim female and Non Muslim female

4.4

54

58

Difference of achievement in Geography among to

male and female students

60

4.5

Difference of achievement in Geography among to

Muslim and Non Muslim students in relation to their
Intelligence

4.6

62

Difference of achievement in Geography Muslim

and Non Muslim students in relation to their low
intelligence

64

Chapter 5 Finding and their Implication

5.1 Findings

68

5.2 Implications

69

5.2.1 Education Implications

70

5.3 Implication for future Researchers

73

Bibliography

75

Appendix

81

1. Cattle's culture fair test paper

2. Detail of Data