33KV Earthmat 1design

SWITCHYARD GROUNDING AND EARTH MAT SIZING CALCULATION
REFERENCE
From CBIP Manual on Earthing; Page No.7
1.08 Resistivity of the crushed rock layer
CR
3000
1.09 Design Ambient temperature
Ta
50
40 mm
15
Welded
2.00
-m
C
EARTHING CONDUCTOR DATA
2.01 Type of the Earthing conductor

R
2.02 Resistivity of the Earthing material

2.03 Type of the joint
dia MS ROD
-m
2.04 Maximum allowable temperature for Welded joints
Tm
250
2.05 Reference temperature of material constant
Tr
20
2.06 Equivalent diameter of earthing conductor
0.040000
2.07 Depth of burial of the conductor
0.6
2.08 Selected Grid Spacing
2.8
3.00 EARTH BORE ELECTRODE DATA

3.01 Type of Earth bore electrode
### mm dia MS ROD
3.02 Length of each earth bore electrode
Leb
3.03 Number of Earth bore electrodes chosen
Neb
46
Nos
4.00 SIZING OF EARTHING CONDUCTOR

4.01 Minimum Cross sectional area required
As per IS - 3043 ,the minimum cross sectional area of the earthing conductor to withstand the
Short circuit current is given by
As per IS - 3043; CLAUSE 12.2.2.1; Page no: 29
Isc
kx
Isc
tsc
Qc*(B+20)
ln
20
B + Tm
S = Cross section area

k = Factor depending on the
earthing conductor,insulation
and other parts and temperatures
0.5
B + Ta
1
Qc*(B+20)
20
Where,
where
ln
B + Tm
B + Ta
0.5
tsc
From IS - 3043 ; Table 5; Page No:30

B
Qc
where
Qc
202
3.8
C
x
10^-3
j/C mm3
20
138
10^-6
mm
= Volumetric heat capacity of conductor
20 = Electrical resitivity of conductor material

B
Reciprocal of Temperature coefficent
Substituing the values in above equation 1, we get;

Selected earth conductor cross sectional area
S
18900
3^0.5
x
3.8 x 10^-3*(222)
138x10^-6
548
ln
0.5
202 + 250
202 + 50
mm2
Selected earth conductor diameter

D1
((S *4)/P)^0.5
((548x4/3.14)^0.5
26.41
4.02 Corrosion Allowance

The calculated Size should be suitably increased as per table below to account for the loss
of material due to corrosion
D1 with corresion
Resitivity of Soil
Reduction in Thickness/Diameter
>0 <10
>10 <25
>25 <50
>50 <75
>75 <100
>100
8.0
7.0
5.5
4.5
3.0
1.5
3 + D1
3 + 26.41
29.41
mm
Diameter of the rod chosen as per

specification
40
mm
4.03 Selected diameter of the rod is greater than the required. Hence Safe.
5.00 TOLERABLE TOUCH AND STEP POTENTIALS
The tolerable limits of touch and step potentials of a person weighing 50 Kg and 70 Kg can be
computed by the following equations
Etouch50
(1000+(1.5 x Cs x CR)) x 0.116

tsc
volts
(IEEE 80 2000; Clause 8.3; Equation 32)
(1000+(6 x Cs x CR)) x 0.116

volts
tsc
The tolerable limits of touch and step potentials of a person weighing 70 Kg can be computed
by the following equations
Estep50
Etouch70
Estep70
(1000+(1.5 x Cs x CR)) x 0.157

tsc
volts
(1000+(6 x Cs x CR)) x 0.157
volts
tsc
Where,

Cs =
0.09 (1 - (s/CR)
(2 x Hs) +0.09
0.09 x (1-(90/3000))
(2 x 0.1) + 0.09
0.699
Etouch50
(1000+(1.5 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.116

1
480.88 volts
Estep50
(1000+(6 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.116

1
1575.52 volts
Etouch70
(1000+(1.5 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.157

1
650.85 volts
2132.38 volts
(1000+(6 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.157

1
6.00 ATTAINABLE TOUCH AND STEP POTENTIAL
Attainable step and touch and step potential are given by
Estep70
Es
Em
s x I G x K s x K i
(IEEE 80 2000; Clause 16.5.2; Equation 92)
volts
Ls
s x I G x K m x K i
volts
Lm
where,
1
Km
Kii
Kh
2x
ln

Kii
(D + 2 x h)2
h
8
+
+
ln
Kh
8xDxd
4xd
x (2 x n -1)
D2
16 x hx d
for grid with ground rods

ho =
h
ho
1 m
(grid reference depth)
0.6
1
= Geometric factor
1.265
=
na x n b x n c x n d
Perimeter
Lp
L1*2+B1*2
Length of conductor
Lc
((L1/D)+1)*B1+((B1/D)+1)*L1
176+81
257
=
Lc
na
33*40.5+16*88
2745
2 x Lc
2 x 2745
Lp
Lp
257
257
21.362

nb
Lp
257
4 x 3564
4 x A
1.038

nc
nd
(For square and rectangular grids)
1
1
21.362 x 1.038 x 1 x 1
Factors for grid geometry

1
Km
=
x
2x
= Isc
Em
=
=
0.644 + 0.148 x 22.17
2883
18.9 x 1000 =
18900
90 x 18900 x 0.2071 x 3.92516

2883
1
2 x 0.6
1
D+h
+
1
ln
1.265
3.92516
8
x (2 x 22.17 -1)
1
D
1
2.8 + 0.6
479.6 volts
(1 - 0.5n-2 )
1
2.8
(1 - (0.5)^22.17-2)
0.473
Effective buried length

Ls = 0.75 x Lc + 0.85 x LR
Es
0.6
4 x 0.04
Geometrical factor
1
1
Ks
=
x
2xh
(2.8 + 2 x 0.6)^2
8 x 2.8 x 0.04
LR
2745+138
IG
22.17
0.2071
= Lc
=
2.8^2
16 x 0.6 x 0.04
ln
Corrective factor
Ki = 0.644 + 0.148 x n
LM
for rectangular grid
90 x 18900 x 0.473 x 3.92516

2176.05

0.75 x 2745 + 0.85 x 138
= 2176.05 m
=
1451.29 volts
7.00 SAFETY CHECK
Touch potential in V
Attainable
479.62
Tolerable (for 50kg)

480.88 volts

650.85 volts
1451.29
1575.52 volts
2132.38 volts
Step potential in V
The attainable touch potential is well within the tolerable limit. Hence safe.
The attainable Step potential is well within the tolerable limit. Hence safe.
8.00 Grid resistance
Rg
s x
1
LT
1
(20 x Aem)
1 +

1
1 + h x ((20/Aem)
Total buried length of the conductor

LT
=
=
Lc + LR
90 x
0.7208
2745
1
2883
138
1
20 x 3564
2883
x 1 +
1
1 + 0.6 x ((20/3564))
8.01 The grid resistance is less than 1. Hence Safe.

9.00 CONCLUSION
Type of earthing conductor chosen for earthmat is
40mm dia MS ROD
Selected Grid spacing for the earthmat
2.8
Total length of earthing conductor required for main mat
2745
Type of Earth bore electrode
40mm dia MS Rod
Length of each earth bore electrode
Number of Earth bore electrodes chosen
46
Nos.
-m
C
dia MS ROD
-m
C
C
mm dia MS ROD
LR value
138
Nos
ending on the
nductor,insulation
arts and temperatures
; Page No:30
ause 8.3; Equation 32)
x (2 x n -1)
e 16.5.1; Equation 84)
8
x (2 x 22.17 -1)
e 14.2; Equation 52)

REFERENCE
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
IS-3043-1987: Indian Standard Code of Practice for earthing

CBIP Manual on Substation - Publication 223
33/220kV Switchyard Earthmat Layout Drg. No.YC1H316636-067
IEEE 80 2000
INPUT DATA
1.00
SYSTEM DATA
1.01 System nominal voltage
Vs
33
kV
1.02 symmetrical system fault current
Isc
31.5
kA
0.6
1.02a Current division factor

1.02b Symmetrical system fault current x current division factor
Isc
18.9
kA
1.03a Duration of fault current for conductor sizing
tsc
sec
1.03b Duration of fault current for touch, step potential design
tsc
sec
L1 x B 1
88.0
1.05 Area of Switchyard
3564
1.06 Resistivity of the soil
90
-m
1.07 Thickness of the crushed rock layer
Hs
0.1

CR
3000
Ta
50
40 mm
15
Welded
1.04 Length and breadth of Switchyard
2.00
40.5
m2
-m
C

dia MS ROD
-m
Tm
250
Tr
20
0.040000
0.6
2.8

### mm dia MS ROD
Leb
Neb
46
Nos

Isc
kx
tsc
where
Isc
Qc*(B+20)
ln
20
B + Tm

0.5
B + Ta
1
Qc*(B+20)
ln
20
0.5
B + Tm
tsc
B + Ta
Where,
B
Qc
where
Qc
202
3.8
C
x
10^-3
j/C mm3
20
138
10^-6

B

S
18900
3^0.5
x
3.8 x 10^-3*(222)
138x10^-6
548
ln
mm2

D1
((S *4)/P)^0.5
((548x4/3.14)^0.5
26.41
202 + 250
202 + 50
0.5
mm

D1 with corresion
Resitivity of Soil
>0 <10
>10 <25
>25 <50
>50 <75
>75 <100
>100
8.0
7.0
5.5
4.5
3.0
1.5
3 + D1
3 + 26.41
29.41
mm

specification
40
mm
Etouch50
(1000+(1.5 x Cs x CR)) x 0.116

tsc
volts
(1000+(6 x Cs x CR)) x 0.116

volts
tsc
(1000+(1.5 x Cs x CR)) x 0.157
Etouch70
=
volts
tsc
Estep50
Estep70
(1000+(6 x Cs x CR)) x 0.157
volts
tsc
Where,
Cs =

1
0.09 (1 - (s/CR)
(2 x Hs) +0.09
0.09 x (1-(90/3000))
(2 x 0.1) + 0.09
0.699
Etouch50
(1000+(1.5 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.116

1
480.88 volts
Estep50
(1000+(6 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.116

1
1575.52 volts
Etouch70
(1000+(1.5 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.157

1
650.85 volts
2132.38 volts
(1000+(6 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.157

1
Estep70

Es
Em
s x I G x K s x K i
volts
Ls
s x I G x K m x K i
volts
Lm
where,
1
Km
Kii
Kh
2x
ln

Kii
(D + 2 x h)2
h
8
+
+
ln
Kh
8xDxd
4xd
x (2 x n -1)
D2
16 x hx d

ho =
h
ho
1 m
0.6
1
= Geometric factor
1.265
Perimeter
Lp
L1*2+B1*2
Length of conductor
Lc
((L1/D)+1)*B1+((B1/D)+1)*L1
33*40.5+16*88
Lc
na
2745
2 x Lc
2 x 2745
Lp
Lp
257
176+81
257
257
21.362

nb
Lp
257
4 x 3564
4 x A
1.038

nc
nd
1
1

21.362 x 1.038 x 1 x 1

1
Km
=
x
2x
ln
2.8^2
16 x 0.6 x 0.04
22.17
(2.8 + 2 x 0.6)^2
8 x 2.8 x 0.04
+
ln
0.6
4 x 0.04
8
+
=
= Lc
=
= Isc
Em
=
=
0.644 + 0.148 x 22.17
2883
18.9 x 1000 =
18900
90 x 18900 x 0.2071 x 3.92516

2883
1
D+h
1
2 x 0.6
1
D
1
2.8 + 0.6
3.92516
479.6 volts
(1 - 0.5n-2 )
1
2.8
(1 - (0.5)^22.17-2)
0.473

Ls = 0.75 x Lc + 0.85 x LR
Es
x (2 x 22.17 -1)
Geometrical factor
1
1
Ks
=
x
2xh
LR
2745+138
IG
ln
0.2071
Corrective factor
Ki = 0.644 + 0.148 x n
LM
1.265

0.75 x 2745 + 0.85 x 138
= 2176.05 m
90 x 18900 x 0.473 x 3.92516

2176.05
1451.29 volts
7.00 SAFETY CHECK
Attainable
479.62

480.88 volts

650.85 volts
1451.29
1575.52 volts
2132.38 volts
Step potential in V
Rg
s x
1
LT
1
(20 x Aem)
1 +

1
1 + h x ((20/Aem)

LT
Lc + LR
90 x
2745
1
2883
138
1
20 x 3564
2883
x 1 +
1
1 + 0.6 x ((20/3564))
0.7208

9.00 CONCLUSION
40mm dia MS ROD
2.8
2745
40mm dia MS Rod
46
Nos.
kV
kA
kA
sec
sec
40.5
m2
-m
-m
C
dia MS ROD
-m
C
C
mm dia MS ROD
LR value
138
Nos
ending on the
nductor,insulation
; Page No:30
x (2 x n -1)
x (2 x 22.17 -1)

REFERENCE
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04

IEEE 80 2000
INPUT DATA
1.00
SYSTEM DATA
Vs
33
kV
Isc
31.5
kA
0.6

Isc
18.9
kA
tsc
sec
tsc
sec
L1 x B 1
88.0
3564
90
-m
Hs
0.1

CR
3000
Ta
50
40 mm
15
Welded
2.00
40.5
m2
-m
C

dia MS ROD
-m
Tm
250
Tr
20
0.040000
0.6
2.8

### mm dia MS ROD
Leb
Neb
46
Nos

Isc
kx
tsc
where
Isc
Qc*(B+20)
ln
20
B + Tm

0.5
B + Ta
1
Qc*(B+20)
ln
20
0.5
B + Tm
tsc
B + Ta
Where,
B
Qc
where
Qc
202
3.8
C
x
10^-3
j/C mm3
20
138
10^-6

B

S
18900
3^0.5
x
3.8 x 10^-3*(222)
138x10^-6
548
ln
mm2

D1
((S *4)/P)^0.5
((548x4/3.14)^0.5
26.41
202 + 250
202 + 50
0.5
mm

D1 with corresion
Resitivity of Soil
>0 <10
>10 <25
>25 <50
>50 <75
>75 <100
>100
8.0
7.0
5.5
4.5
3.0
1.5
3 + D1
3 + 26.41
29.41
mm

specification
40
mm
Etouch50
(1000+(1.5 x Cs x CR)) x 0.116

tsc
volts
(1000+(6 x Cs x CR)) x 0.116

volts
tsc
(1000+(1.5 x Cs x CR)) x 0.157
Etouch70
=
volts
tsc
Estep50
Estep70
(1000+(6 x Cs x CR)) x 0.157
volts
tsc
Where,
Cs =

1
0.09 (1 - (s/CR)
(2 x Hs) +0.09
0.09 x (1-(90/3000))
(2 x 0.1) + 0.09
0.699
Etouch50
(1000+(1.5 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.116

1
480.88 volts
Estep50
(1000+(6 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.116

1
1575.52 volts
Etouch70
(1000+(1.5 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.157

1
650.85 volts
2132.38 volts
(1000+(6 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.157

1
Estep70

Es
Em
s x I G x K s x K i
volts
Ls
s x I G x K m x K i
volts
Lm
where,
1
Km
Kii
Kh
2x
ln

Kii
(D + 2 x h)2
h
8
+
+
ln
Kh
8xDxd
4xd
x (2 x n -1)
D2
16 x hx d

ho =
h
ho
1 m
0.6
1
= Geometric factor
1.265
Perimeter
Lp
L1*2+B1*2
Length of conductor
Lc
((L1/D)+1)*B1+((B1/D)+1)*L1
33*40.5+16*88
Lc
na
2745
2 x Lc
2 x 2745
Lp
Lp
257
176+81
257
257
21.362

nb
Lp
257
4 x 3564
4 x A
1.038

nc
nd
1
1

21.362 x 1.038 x 1 x 1

1
Km
=
x
2x
ln
2.8^2
16 x 0.6 x 0.04
22.17
(2.8 + 2 x 0.6)^2
8 x 2.8 x 0.04
+
ln
0.6
4 x 0.04
8
+
=
= Lc
=
= Isc
Em
=
=
0.644 + 0.148 x 22.17
2883
18.9 x 1000 =
18900
90 x 18900 x 0.2071 x 3.92516

2883
1
D+h
1
2 x 0.6
1
D
1
2.8 + 0.6
3.92516
479.6 volts
(1 - 0.5n-2 )
1
2.8
(1 - (0.5)^22.17-2)
0.473

Ls = 0.75 x Lc + 0.85 x LR
Es
x (2 x 22.17 -1)
Geometrical factor
1
1
Ks
=
x
2xh
LR
2745+138
IG
ln
0.2071
Corrective factor
Ki = 0.644 + 0.148 x n
LM
1.265

0.75 x 2745 + 0.85 x 138
= 2176.05 m
90 x 18900 x 0.473 x 3.92516

2176.05
1451.29 volts
7.00 SAFETY CHECK
Attainable
479.62

480.88 volts

650.85 volts
1451.29
1575.52 volts
2132.38 volts
Step potential in V
Rg
s x
1
LT
1
(20 x Aem)
1 +

1
1 + h x ((20/Aem)

LT
Lc + LR
90 x
2745
1
2883
138
1
20 x 3564
2883
x 1 +
1
1 + 0.6 x ((20/3564))
0.7208

9.00 CONCLUSION
40mm dia MS ROD
2.8
2745
40mm dia MS Rod
46
Nos.
kV
kA
kA
sec
sec
40.5
m2
-m
-m
C
dia MS ROD
-m
C
C
mm dia MS ROD
LR value
138
Nos
ending on the
nductor,insulation
; Page No:30
x (2 x n -1)
x (2 x 22.17 -1)

REFERENCE
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04

IEEE 80 2000
INPUT DATA
1.00
SYSTEM DATA
Vs
33
kV
Isc
31.5
kA
0.6

Isc
18.9
kA
tsc
sec
tsc
sec
L1 x B 1
88.0
3564
90
-m
Hs
0.1

CR
3000
Ta
50
40 mm
15
Welded
2.00
40.5
m2
-m
C

dia MS ROD
-m
Tm
250
Tr
20
0.040000
0.6
2.8

### mm dia MS ROD
Leb
Neb
46
Nos

Isc
kx
tsc
where
Isc
Qc*(B+20)
ln
20
B + Tm

0.5
B + Ta
1
Qc*(B+20)
ln
20
0.5
B + Tm
tsc
B + Ta
Where,
B
Qc
where
Qc
202
3.8
C
x
10^-3
j/C mm3
20
138
10^-6

B

S
18900
3^0.5
x
3.8 x 10^-3*(222)
138x10^-6
548
ln
mm2

D1
((S *4)/P)^0.5
((548x4/3.14)^0.5
26.41
202 + 250
202 + 50
0.5
mm

D1 with corresion
Resitivity of Soil
>0 <10
>10 <25
>25 <50
>50 <75
>75 <100
>100
8.0
7.0
5.5
4.5
3.0
1.5
3 + D1
3 + 26.41
29.41
mm

specification
40
mm
Etouch50
(1000+(1.5 x Cs x CR)) x 0.116

tsc
volts
(1000+(6 x Cs x CR)) x 0.116

volts
tsc
(1000+(1.5 x Cs x CR)) x 0.157
Etouch70
=
volts
tsc
Estep50
Estep70
(1000+(6 x Cs x CR)) x 0.157
volts
tsc
Where,
Cs =

1
0.09 (1 - (s/CR)
(2 x Hs) +0.09
0.09 x (1-(90/3000))
(2 x 0.1) + 0.09
0.699
Etouch50
(1000+(1.5 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.116

1
480.88 volts
Estep50
(1000+(6 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.116

1
1575.52 volts
Etouch70
(1000+(1.5 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.157

1
650.85 volts
2132.38 volts
(1000+(6 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.157

1
Estep70

Es
Em
s x I G x K s x K i
volts
Ls
s x I G x K m x K i
volts
Lm
where,
1
Km
Kii
Kh
2x
ln

Kii
(D + 2 x h)2
h
8
+
+
ln
Kh
8xDxd
4xd
x (2 x n -1)
D2
16 x hx d

ho =
h
ho
1 m
0.6
1
= Geometric factor
1.265
Perimeter
Lp
L1*2+B1*2
Length of conductor
Lc
((L1/D)+1)*B1+((B1/D)+1)*L1
33*40.5+16*88
Lc
na
2745
2 x Lc
2 x 2745
Lp
Lp
257
176+81
257
257
21.362

nb
Lp
257
4 x 3564
4 x A
1.038

nc
nd
1
1

21.362 x 1.038 x 1 x 1

1
Km
=
x
2x
ln
2.8^2
16 x 0.6 x 0.04
22.17
(2.8 + 2 x 0.6)^2
8 x 2.8 x 0.04
+
ln
0.6
4 x 0.04
8
+
=
= Lc
=
= Isc
Em
=
=
0.644 + 0.148 x 22.17
2883
18.9 x 1000 =
18900
90 x 18900 x 0.2071 x 3.92516

2883
1
D+h
1
2 x 0.6
1
D
1
2.8 + 0.6
3.92516
479.6 volts
(1 - 0.5n-2 )
1
2.8
(1 - (0.5)^22.17-2)
0.473

Ls = 0.75 x Lc + 0.85 x LR
Es
x (2 x 22.17 -1)
Geometrical factor
1
1
Ks
=
x
2xh
LR
2745+138
IG
ln
0.2071
Corrective factor
Ki = 0.644 + 0.148 x n
LM
1.265

0.75 x 2745 + 0.85 x 138
= 2176.05 m
90 x 18900 x 0.473 x 3.92516

2176.05
1451.29 volts
7.00 SAFETY CHECK
Attainable
479.62

480.88 volts

650.85 volts
1451.29
1575.52 volts
2132.38 volts
Step potential in V
Rg
s x
1
LT
1
(20 x Aem)
1 +

1
1 + h x ((20/Aem)

LT
Lc + LR
90 x
2745
1
2883
138
1
20 x 3564
2883
x 1 +
1
1 + 0.6 x ((20/3564))
0.7208

9.00 CONCLUSION
40mm dia MS ROD
2.8
2745
40mm dia MS Rod
46
Nos.
kV
kA
kA
sec
sec
40.5
m2
-m
-m
C
dia MS ROD
-m
C
C
mm dia MS ROD
LR value
138
Nos
ending on the
nductor,insulation
; Page No:30
x (2 x n -1)
x (2 x 22.17 -1)

REFERENCE
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04

IEEE 80 2000
INPUT DATA
1.00
SYSTEM DATA
Vs
33
kV
Isc
31.5
kA
0.6

Isc
18.9
kA
tsc
sec
tsc
sec
L1 x B 1
88.0
3564
90
-m
Hs
0.1

CR
3000
Ta
50
40 mm
15
Welded
2.00
40.5
m2
-m
C

dia MS ROD
-m
Tm
250
Tr
20
0.040000
0.6
2.8

### mm dia MS ROD
Leb
Neb
46
Nos

Isc
kx
tsc
where
Isc
Qc*(B+20)
ln
20
B + Tm

0.5
B + Ta
1
Qc*(B+20)
ln
20
0.5
B + Tm
tsc
B + Ta
Where,
B
Qc
where
Qc
202
3.8
C
x
10^-3
j/C mm3
20
138
10^-6

B

S
18900
3^0.5
x
3.8 x 10^-3*(222)
138x10^-6
548
ln
mm2

D1
((S *4)/P)^0.5
((548x4/3.14)^0.5
26.41
202 + 250
202 + 50
0.5
mm

D1 with corresion
Resitivity of Soil
>0 <10
>10 <25
>25 <50
>50 <75
>75 <100
>100
8.0
7.0
5.5
4.5
3.0
1.5
3 + D1
3 + 26.41
29.41
mm

specification
40
mm
Etouch50
(1000+(1.5 x Cs x CR)) x 0.116

tsc
volts
(1000+(6 x Cs x CR)) x 0.116

volts
tsc
(1000+(1.5 x Cs x CR)) x 0.157
Etouch70
=
volts
tsc
Estep50
Estep70
(1000+(6 x Cs x CR)) x 0.157
volts
tsc
Where,
Cs =

1
0.09 (1 - (s/CR)
(2 x Hs) +0.09
0.09 x (1-(90/3000))
(2 x 0.1) + 0.09
0.699
Etouch50
(1000+(1.5 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.116

1
480.88 volts
Estep50
(1000+(6 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.116

1
1575.52 volts
Etouch70
(1000+(1.5 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.157

1
650.85 volts
2132.38 volts
(1000+(6 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.157

1
Estep70

Es
Em
s x I G x K s x K i
volts
Ls
s x I G x K m x K i
volts
Lm
where,
1
Km
Kii
Kh
2x
ln

Kii
(D + 2 x h)2
h
8
+
+
ln
Kh
8xDxd
4xd
x (2 x n -1)
D2
16 x hx d

ho =
h
ho
1 m
0.6
1
= Geometric factor
1.265
Perimeter
Lp
L1*2+B1*2
Length of conductor
Lc
((L1/D)+1)*B1+((B1/D)+1)*L1
33*40.5+16*88
Lc
na
2745
2 x Lc
2 x 2745
Lp
Lp
257
176+81
257
257
21.362

nb
Lp
257
4 x 3564
4 x A
1.038

nc
nd
1
1

21.362 x 1.038 x 1 x 1

1
Km
=
x
2x
ln
2.8^2
16 x 0.6 x 0.04
22.17
(2.8 + 2 x 0.6)^2
8 x 2.8 x 0.04
+
ln
0.6
4 x 0.04
8
+
=
= Lc
=
= Isc
Em
=
=
0.644 + 0.148 x 22.17
2883
18.9 x 1000 =
18900
90 x 18900 x 0.2071 x 3.92516

2883
1
D+h
1
2 x 0.6
1
D
1
2.8 + 0.6
3.92516
479.6 volts
(1 - 0.5n-2 )
1
2.8
(1 - (0.5)^22.17-2)
0.473

Ls = 0.75 x Lc + 0.85 x LR
Es
x (2 x 22.17 -1)
Geometrical factor
1
1
Ks
=
x
2xh
LR
2745+138
IG
ln
0.2071
Corrective factor
Ki = 0.644 + 0.148 x n
LM
1.265

0.75 x 2745 + 0.85 x 138
= 2176.05 m
90 x 18900 x 0.473 x 3.92516

2176.05
1451.29 volts
7.00 SAFETY CHECK
Attainable
479.62

480.88 volts

650.85 volts
1451.29
1575.52 volts
2132.38 volts
Step potential in V
Rg
s x
1
LT
1
(20 x Aem)
1 +

1
1 + h x ((20/Aem)

LT
Lc + LR
90 x
2745
1
2883
138
1
20 x 3564
2883
x 1 +
1
1 + 0.6 x ((20/3564))
0.7208

9.00 CONCLUSION
40mm dia MS ROD
2.8
2745
40mm dia MS Rod
46
Nos.
kV
kA
kA
sec
sec
40.5
m2
-m
-m
C
dia MS ROD
-m
C
C
mm dia MS ROD
LR value
138
Nos
ending on the
nductor,insulation
; Page No:30
x (2 x n -1)
x (2 x 22.17 -1)

REFERENCE
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04

IEEE 80 2000
INPUT DATA
1.00
SYSTEM DATA
Vs
33
kV
Isc
31.5
kA
0.6

Isc
18.9
kA
tsc
sec
tsc
sec
L1 x B 1
88.0
3564
90
-m
Hs
0.1

CR
3000
Ta
50
40 mm
15
Welded
2.00
40.5
m2
-m
C

dia MS ROD
-m
Tm
250
Tr
20
0.040000
0.6
2.8

### mm dia MS ROD
Leb
Neb
46
Nos

Isc
kx
tsc
where
Isc
Qc*(B+20)
ln
20
B + Tm

0.5
B + Ta
1
Qc*(B+20)
ln
20
0.5
B + Tm
tsc
B + Ta
Where,
B
Qc
where
Qc
202
3.8
C
x
10^-3
j/C mm3
20
138
10^-6

B

S
18900
3^0.5
x
3.8 x 10^-3*(222)
138x10^-6
548
ln
mm2

D1
((S *4)/P)^0.5
((548x4/3.14)^0.5
26.41
202 + 250
202 + 50
0.5
mm

D1 with corresion
Resitivity of Soil
>0 <10
>10 <25
>25 <50
>50 <75
>75 <100
>100
8.0
7.0
5.5
4.5
3.0
1.5
3 + D1
3 + 26.41
29.41
mm

specification
40
mm
Etouch50
(1000+(1.5 x Cs x CR)) x 0.116

tsc
volts
(1000+(6 x Cs x CR)) x 0.116

volts
tsc
(1000+(1.5 x Cs x CR)) x 0.157
Etouch70
=
volts
tsc
Estep50
Estep70
(1000+(6 x Cs x CR)) x 0.157
volts
tsc
Where,
Cs =

1
0.09 (1 - (s/CR)
(2 x Hs) +0.09
0.09 x (1-(90/3000))
(2 x 0.1) + 0.09
0.699
Etouch50
(1000+(1.5 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.116

1
480.88 volts
Estep50
(1000+(6 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.116

1
1575.52 volts
Etouch70
(1000+(1.5 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.157

1
650.85 volts
2132.38 volts
(1000+(6 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.157

1
Estep70

Es
Em
s x I G x K s x K i
volts
Ls
s x I G x K m x K i
volts
Lm
where,
1
Km
Kii
Kh
2x
ln

Kii
(D + 2 x h)2
h
8
+
+
ln
Kh
8xDxd
4xd
x (2 x n -1)
D2
16 x hx d

ho =
h
ho
1 m
0.6
1
= Geometric factor
1.265
Perimeter
Lp
L1*2+B1*2
Length of conductor
Lc
((L1/D)+1)*B1+((B1/D)+1)*L1
33*40.5+16*88
Lc
na
2745
2 x Lc
2 x 2745
Lp
Lp
257
176+81
257
257
21.362

nb
Lp
257
4 x 3564
4 x A
1.038

nc
nd
1
1

21.362 x 1.038 x 1 x 1

1
Km
=
x
2x
ln
2.8^2
16 x 0.6 x 0.04
22.17
(2.8 + 2 x 0.6)^2
8 x 2.8 x 0.04
+
ln
0.6
4 x 0.04
8
+
=
= Lc
=
= Isc
Em
=
=
0.644 + 0.148 x 22.17
2883
18.9 x 1000 =
18900
90 x 18900 x 0.2071 x 3.92516

2883
1
D+h
1
2 x 0.6
1
D
1
2.8 + 0.6
3.92516
479.6 volts
(1 - 0.5n-2 )
1
2.8
(1 - (0.5)^22.17-2)
0.473

Ls = 0.75 x Lc + 0.85 x LR
Es
x (2 x 22.17 -1)
Geometrical factor
1
1
Ks
=
x
2xh
LR
2745+138
IG
ln
0.2071
Corrective factor
Ki = 0.644 + 0.148 x n
LM
1.265

0.75 x 2745 + 0.85 x 138
= 2176.05 m
90 x 18900 x 0.473 x 3.92516

2176.05
1451.29 volts
7.00 SAFETY CHECK
Attainable
479.62

480.88 volts

650.85 volts
1451.29
1575.52 volts
2132.38 volts
Step potential in V
Rg
s x
1
LT
1
(20 x Aem)
1 +

1
1 + h x ((20/Aem)

LT
Lc + LR
90 x
2745
1
2883
138
1
20 x 3564
2883
x 1 +
1
1 + 0.6 x ((20/3564))
0.7208

9.00 CONCLUSION
40mm dia MS ROD
2.8
2745
40mm dia MS Rod
46
Nos.
kV
kA
kA
sec
sec
40.5
m2
-m
-m
C
dia MS ROD
-m
C
C
mm dia MS ROD
LR value
138
Nos
ending on the
nductor,insulation
; Page No:30
x (2 x n -1)
x (2 x 22.17 -1)

REFERENCE
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04

IEEE 80 2000
INPUT DATA
1.00
SYSTEM DATA
Vs
33
kV
Isc
31.5
kA
0.6

Isc
18.9
kA
tsc
sec
tsc
sec
L1 x B 1
88.0
3564
90
-m
Hs
0.1

CR
3000
Ta
50
40 mm
15
Welded
2.00
40.5
m2
-m
C

dia MS ROD
-m
Tm
250
Tr
20
0.040000
0.6
2.8

### mm dia MS ROD
Leb
Neb
46
Nos

Isc
kx
tsc
where
Isc
Qc*(B+20)
ln
20
B + Tm

0.5
B + Ta
1
Qc*(B+20)
ln
20
0.5
B + Tm
tsc
B + Ta
Where,
B
Qc
where
Qc
202
3.8
C
x
10^-3
j/C mm3
20
138
10^-6

B

S
18900
3^0.5
x
3.8 x 10^-3*(222)
138x10^-6
548
ln
mm2

D1
((S *4)/P)^0.5
((548x4/3.14)^0.5
26.41
202 + 250
202 + 50
0.5
mm

D1 with corresion
Resitivity of Soil
>0 <10
>10 <25
>25 <50
>50 <75
>75 <100
>100
8.0
7.0
5.5
4.5
3.0
1.5
3 + D1
3 + 26.41
29.41
mm

specification
40
mm
Etouch50
(1000+(1.5 x Cs x CR)) x 0.116

tsc
volts
(1000+(6 x Cs x CR)) x 0.116

volts
tsc
(1000+(1.5 x Cs x CR)) x 0.157
Etouch70
=
volts
tsc
Estep50
Estep70
(1000+(6 x Cs x CR)) x 0.157
volts
tsc
Where,
Cs =

1
0.09 (1 - (s/CR)
(2 x Hs) +0.09
0.09 x (1-(90/3000))
(2 x 0.1) + 0.09
0.699
Etouch50
(1000+(1.5 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.116

1
480.88 volts
Estep50
(1000+(6 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.116

1
1575.52 volts
Etouch70
(1000+(1.5 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.157

1
650.85 volts
2132.38 volts
(1000+(6 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.157

1
Estep70

Es
Em
s x I G x K s x K i
volts
Ls
s x I G x K m x K i
volts
Lm
where,
1
Km
Kii
Kh
2x
ln

Kii
(D + 2 x h)2
h
8
+
+
ln
Kh
8xDxd
4xd
x (2 x n -1)
D2
16 x hx d

ho =
h
ho
1 m
0.6
1
= Geometric factor
1.265
Perimeter
Lp
L1*2+B1*2
Length of conductor
Lc
((L1/D)+1)*B1+((B1/D)+1)*L1
33*40.5+16*88
Lc
na
2745
2 x Lc
2 x 2745
Lp
Lp
257
176+81
257
257
21.362

nb
Lp
257
4 x 3564
4 x A
1.038

nc
nd
1
1

21.362 x 1.038 x 1 x 1

1
Km
=
x
2x
ln
2.8^2
16 x 0.6 x 0.04
22.17
(2.8 + 2 x 0.6)^2
8 x 2.8 x 0.04
+
ln
0.6
4 x 0.04
8
+
=
= Lc
=
= Isc
Em
=
=
0.644 + 0.148 x 22.17
2883
18.9 x 1000 =
18900
90 x 18900 x 0.2071 x 3.92516

2883
1
D+h
1
2 x 0.6
1
D
1
2.8 + 0.6
3.92516
479.6 volts
(1 - 0.5n-2 )
1
2.8
(1 - (0.5)^22.17-2)
0.473

Ls = 0.75 x Lc + 0.85 x LR
Es
x (2 x 22.17 -1)
Geometrical factor
1
1
Ks
=
x
2xh
LR
2745+138
IG
ln
0.2071
Corrective factor
Ki = 0.644 + 0.148 x n
LM
1.265

0.75 x 2745 + 0.85 x 138
= 2176.05 m
90 x 18900 x 0.473 x 3.92516

2176.05
1451.29 volts
7.00 SAFETY CHECK
Attainable
479.62

480.88 volts

650.85 volts
1451.29
1575.52 volts
2132.38 volts
Step potential in V
Rg
s x
1
LT
1
(20 x Aem)
1 +

1
1 + h x ((20/Aem)

LT
Lc + LR
90 x
2745
1
2883
138
1
20 x 3564
2883
x 1 +
1
1 + 0.6 x ((20/3564))
0.7208

9.00 CONCLUSION
40mm dia MS ROD
2.8
2745
40mm dia MS Rod
46
Nos.
kV
kA
kA
sec
sec
40.5
m2
-m
-m
C
dia MS ROD
-m
C
C
mm dia MS ROD
LR value
138
Nos
ending on the
nductor,insulation
; Page No:30
x (2 x n -1)
x (2 x 22.17 -1)

REFERENCE
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04

IEEE 80 2000
INPUT DATA
1.00
SYSTEM DATA
Vs
33
kV
Isc
31.5
kA
0.6

Isc
18.9
kA
tsc
sec
tsc
sec
L1 x B 1
88.0
3564
90
-m
Hs
0.1

CR
3000
Ta
50
40 mm
15
Welded
2.00
40.5
m2
-m
C

dia MS ROD
-m
Tm
250
Tr
20
0.040000
0.6
2.8

### mm dia MS ROD
Leb
Neb
46
Nos

Isc
kx
tsc
where
Isc
Qc*(B+20)
ln
20
B + Tm

0.5
B + Ta
1
Qc*(B+20)
ln
20
0.5
B + Tm
tsc
B + Ta
Where,
B
Qc
where
Qc
202
3.8
C
x
10^-3
j/C mm3
20
138
10^-6

B

S
18900
3^0.5
x
3.8 x 10^-3*(222)
138x10^-6
548
ln
mm2

D1
((S *4)/P)^0.5
((548x4/3.14)^0.5
26.41
202 + 250
202 + 50
0.5
mm

D1 with corresion
Resitivity of Soil
>0 <10
>10 <25
>25 <50
>50 <75
>75 <100
>100
8.0
7.0
5.5
4.5
3.0
1.5
3 + D1
3 + 26.41
29.41
mm

specification
40
mm
Etouch50
(1000+(1.5 x Cs x CR)) x 0.116

tsc
volts
(1000+(6 x Cs x CR)) x 0.116

volts
tsc
(1000+(1.5 x Cs x CR)) x 0.157
Etouch70
=
volts
tsc
Estep50
Estep70
(1000+(6 x Cs x CR)) x 0.157
volts
tsc
Where,
Cs =

1
0.09 (1 - (s/CR)
(2 x Hs) +0.09
0.09 x (1-(90/3000))
(2 x 0.1) + 0.09
0.699
Etouch50
(1000+(1.5 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.116

1
480.88 volts
Estep50
(1000+(6 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.116

1
1575.52 volts
Etouch70
(1000+(1.5 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.157

1
650.85 volts
2132.38 volts
(1000+(6 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.157

1
Estep70

Es
Em
s x I G x K s x K i
volts
Ls
s x I G x K m x K i
volts
Lm
where,
1
Km
Kii
Kh
2x
ln

Kii
(D + 2 x h)2
h
8
+
+
ln
Kh
8xDxd
4xd
x (2 x n -1)
D2
16 x hx d

ho =
h
ho
1 m
0.6
1
= Geometric factor
1.265
Perimeter
Lp
L1*2+B1*2
Length of conductor
Lc
((L1/D)+1)*B1+((B1/D)+1)*L1
33*40.5+16*88
Lc
na
2745
2 x Lc
2 x 2745
Lp
Lp
257
176+81
257
257
21.362

nb
Lp
257
4 x 3564
4 x A
1.038

nc
nd
1
1

21.362 x 1.038 x 1 x 1

1
Km
=
x
2x
ln
2.8^2
16 x 0.6 x 0.04
22.17
(2.8 + 2 x 0.6)^2
8 x 2.8 x 0.04
+
ln
0.6
4 x 0.04
8
+
=
= Lc
=
= Isc
Em
=
=
0.644 + 0.148 x 22.17
2883
18.9 x 1000 =
18900
90 x 18900 x 0.2071 x 3.92516

2883
1
D+h
1
2 x 0.6
1
D
1
2.8 + 0.6
3.92516
479.6 volts
(1 - 0.5n-2 )
1
2.8
(1 - (0.5)^22.17-2)
0.473

Ls = 0.75 x Lc + 0.85 x LR
Es
x (2 x 22.17 -1)
Geometrical factor
1
1
Ks
=
x
2xh
LR
2745+138
IG
ln
0.2071
Corrective factor
Ki = 0.644 + 0.148 x n
LM
1.265

0.75 x 2745 + 0.85 x 138
= 2176.05 m
90 x 18900 x 0.473 x 3.92516

2176.05
1451.29 volts
7.00 SAFETY CHECK
Attainable
479.62

480.88 volts

650.85 volts
1451.29
1575.52 volts
2132.38 volts
Step potential in V
Rg
s x
1
LT
1
(20 x Aem)
1 +

1
1 + h x ((20/Aem)

LT
Lc + LR
90 x
2745
1
2883
138
1
20 x 3564
2883
x 1 +
1
1 + 0.6 x ((20/3564))
0.7208

9.00 CONCLUSION
40mm dia MS ROD
2.8
2745
40mm dia MS Rod
46
Nos.
kV
kA
kA
sec
sec
40.5
m2
-m
-m
C
dia MS ROD
-m
C
C
mm dia MS ROD
LR value
138
Nos
ending on the
nductor,insulation
; Page No:30
x (2 x n -1)
x (2 x 22.17 -1)

REFERENCE
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04

IEEE 80 2000
INPUT DATA
1.00
SYSTEM DATA
Vs
33
kV
Isc
31.5
kA
0.6

Isc
18.9
kA
tsc
sec
tsc
sec
L1 x B 1
88.0
3564
90
-m
Hs
0.1

CR
3000
Ta
50
40 mm
15
Welded
2.00
40.5
m2
-m
C

dia MS ROD
-m
Tm
250
Tr
20
0.040000
0.6
2.8

### mm dia MS ROD
Leb
Neb
46
Nos

Isc
kx
tsc
where
Isc
Qc*(B+20)
ln
20
B + Tm

0.5
B + Ta
1
Qc*(B+20)
ln
20
0.5
B + Tm
tsc
B + Ta
Where,
B
Qc
where
Qc
202
3.8
C
x
10^-3
j/C mm3
20
138
10^-6

B

S
18900
3^0.5
x
3.8 x 10^-3*(222)
138x10^-6
548
ln
mm2

D1
((S *4)/P)^0.5
((548x4/3.14)^0.5
26.41
202 + 250
202 + 50
0.5
mm

D1 with corresion
Resitivity of Soil
>0 <10
>10 <25
>25 <50
>50 <75
>75 <100
>100
8.0
7.0
5.5
4.5
3.0
1.5
3 + D1
3 + 26.41
29.41
mm

specification
40
mm
Etouch50
(1000+(1.5 x Cs x CR)) x 0.116

tsc
volts
(1000+(6 x Cs x CR)) x 0.116

volts
tsc
(1000+(1.5 x Cs x CR)) x 0.157
Etouch70
=
volts
tsc
Estep50
Estep70
(1000+(6 x Cs x CR)) x 0.157
volts
tsc
Where,
Cs =

1
0.09 (1 - (s/CR)
(2 x Hs) +0.09
0.09 x (1-(90/3000))
(2 x 0.1) + 0.09
0.699
Etouch50
(1000+(1.5 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.116

1
480.88 volts
Estep50
(1000+(6 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.116

1
1575.52 volts
Etouch70
(1000+(1.5 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.157

1
650.85 volts
2132.38 volts
(1000+(6 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.157

1
Estep70

Es
Em
s x I G x K s x K i
volts
Ls
s x I G x K m x K i
volts
Lm
where,
1
Km
Kii
Kh
2x
ln

Kii
(D + 2 x h)2
h
8
+
+
ln
Kh
8xDxd
4xd
x (2 x n -1)
D2
16 x hx d

ho =
h
ho
1 m
0.6
1
= Geometric factor
1.265
Perimeter
Lp
L1*2+B1*2
Length of conductor
Lc
((L1/D)+1)*B1+((B1/D)+1)*L1
33*40.5+16*88
Lc
na
2745
2 x Lc
2 x 2745
Lp
Lp
257
176+81
257
257
21.362

nb
Lp
257
4 x 3564
4 x A
1.038

nc
nd
1
1

21.362 x 1.038 x 1 x 1

1
Km
=
x
2x
ln
2.8^2
16 x 0.6 x 0.04
22.17
(2.8 + 2 x 0.6)^2
8 x 2.8 x 0.04
+
ln
0.6
4 x 0.04
8
+
=
= Lc
=
= Isc
Em
=
=
0.644 + 0.148 x 22.17
2883
18.9 x 1000 =
18900
90 x 18900 x 0.2071 x 3.92516

2883
1
D+h
1
2 x 0.6
1
D
1
2.8 + 0.6
3.92516
479.6 volts
(1 - 0.5n-2 )
1
2.8
(1 - (0.5)^22.17-2)
0.473

Ls = 0.75 x Lc + 0.85 x LR
Es
x (2 x 22.17 -1)
Geometrical factor
1
1
Ks
=
x
2xh
LR
2745+138
IG
ln
0.2071
Corrective factor
Ki = 0.644 + 0.148 x n
LM
1.265

0.75 x 2745 + 0.85 x 138
= 2176.05 m
90 x 18900 x 0.473 x 3.92516

2176.05
1451.29 volts
7.00 SAFETY CHECK
Attainable
479.62

480.88 volts

650.85 volts
1451.29
1575.52 volts
2132.38 volts
Step potential in V
Rg
s x
1
LT
1
(20 x Aem)
1 +

1
1 + h x ((20/Aem)

LT
Lc + LR
90 x
2745
1
2883
138
1
20 x 3564
2883
x 1 +
1
1 + 0.6 x ((20/3564))
0.7208

9.00 CONCLUSION
40mm dia MS ROD
2.8
2745
40mm dia MS Rod
46
Nos.
kV
kA
kA
sec
sec
40.5
m2
-m
-m
C
dia MS ROD
-m
C
C
mm dia MS ROD
LR value
138
Nos
ending on the
nductor,insulation
; Page No:30
x (2 x n -1)
x (2 x 22.17 -1)

33KV Earthmat 1design

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SWITCHYARD GROUNDING AND EARTH MAT SIZING CALCULATION

1.09 Design Ambient temperature

EARTHING CONDUCTOR DATA

2.01 Type of the Earthing conductor

2.02 Resistivity of the Earthing material

2.04 Maximum allowable temperature for Welded joints

2.05 Reference temperature of material constant

2.06 Equivalent diameter of earthing conductor

2.07 Depth of burial of the conductor

2.08 Selected Grid Spacing

3.00 EARTH BORE ELECTRODE DATA

### mm dia MS ROD

3.02 Length of each earth bore electrode

3.03 Number of Earth bore electrodes chosen

4.00 SIZING OF EARTHING CONDUCTOR

S = Cross section area

From IS - 3043 ; Table 5; Page No:30

= Volumetric heat capacity of conductor

20 = Electrical resitivity of conductor material

Reciprocal of Temperature coefficent

Substituing the values in above equation 1, we get;

Selected earth conductor diameter

4.02 Corrosion Allowance

Diameter of the rod chosen as per

(1000+(1.5 x Cs x CR)) x 0.116

(IEEE 80 2000; Clause 8.3; Equation 32)

(1000+(6 x Cs x CR)) x 0.116

(1000+(1.5 x Cs x CR)) x 0.157

(1000+(6 x Cs x CR)) x 0.157

(IEEE 80 2000; Clause 8.3; Equation 33)

(IEEE 80 2000; Clause 7.4; Equation 27)

(1000+(1.5 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.116

(1000+(6 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.116

(1000+(1.5 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.157

(1000+(6 x 0.699 x 3000)) x 0.157

(IEEE 80 2000; Clause 16.5.2; Equation 92)

(IEEE 80 2000; Clause 16.5.1; Equation 80)

(IEEE 80 2000; Clause 16.5.1; Equation 81)

(IEEE 80 2000; Clause 16.5.1; Equation 82)

for grid with ground rods

(grid reference depth)

(IEEE 80 2000; Clause 16.5.1; Equation 83)

(IEEE 80 2000; Clause 16.5.1; Equation 84)

(IEEE 80 2000; Clause 16.5.1; Equation 85)

(IEEE 80 2000; Clause 16.5.1; Equation 86)

(IEEE 80 2000; Clause 16.5.1; Equation 87)

(For square and rectangular grids)

Factors for grid geometry

0.644 + 0.148 x 22.17

90 x 18900 x 0.2071 x 3.92516

(IEEE 80 2000; Clause 16.5.1; Equation 94)

Effective buried length

(IEEE 80 2000; Clause 16.5.1; Equation 91)

(IEEE 80 2000; Clause 16.5.1; Equation 88)

for rectangular grid

90 x 18900 x 0.473 x 3.92516

(IEEE 80 2000; Clause 16.5.1; Equation 93)

7.00 SAFETY CHECK

Tolerable (for 50kg)

Tolerable (for 70kg)

(IEEE 80 2000; Clause 14.2; Equation 52)

Total buried length of the conductor

8.01 The grid resistance is less than 1. Hence Safe.