‘he inernatonl egal sytem, nado, globlation can engender a
tearencer of polities dierence at much at an awareness somon
‘eri: enhanced eternal communications can high confit
‘of iterest and Holy, and ot terely renner to mtu
in postive terms. globuliation init at leat tw dint pheno-
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tGoont's nt ef ws nl ping compe ois ere of
fro
Tho mig ha apron to demoray be devo! Wha es
csc hrc Aesig ts gunn eq ting
‘sic gone bout he nnd coe dees db
Beye at ves te pa dose ten
Since ee et agua coer es
hc & mint ae pre th an
‘eased gap mai nd win te meer eral we
‘mnie psy f deme ty mos sheridan
CSpaing ine doce oni te gars Tere
sha anecoet athe common ole dmc Te
meno canbe sed yng aon some inate
Treats, te Sonmaptan model of demas re
snes the crn of eed anes fe
Ae nd And he sheen a tw
‘heehee a che Eaopea Parner) tha
‘oe hoe engsied in ace tego iden
‘Stern snd eran Alpe sth dereoprers
‘Remo cs the pty of neste cond too
‘ton and natin te wan costes eed scrig te
esa sope of contr tenia os eon
‘peri ental gorcamensl ers pe many
22K dma tron tte on hbase
fetap athe certo i cle sper ed ach rea pr
‘Sncaiy eps conaaener ou ses
‘and onthe ges the someon moe So
crac sates eutectic eps ween
paiement nko sap ans
Eisenia dis-wakog” sche athe be Sand
{nesta tee ad tte rene af terion cone
‘Senet gaps dna ts ce mesg
fol auton hs actin tremens he
‘both within and beyond political associations. “
Ie thease ton af ator tl
demerteastes toutes sccemned ertcompoet ce
SIL eon sen The (ar ponte to
toa cane tte the Come Ae nd ees
sepia strength special veto power in he Secarty Coun to those
Irth crrent ce former superpower satis, An ahora aster of
[Bl democraie state and sites wo neck uneeservedy fo place
Brincipes of democnte repesecation abowe those of superpower
plies Moreover uni the General Antmbl of he UN, would ot
to hegn witha en, be sn anembly fal masons: ir would Be an
‘sembly of democratic nation which woud daw in others oer te
perhaps bythe sheer neeaty of Being a member if ther systems of
forerance are to enjoy legitimacy inthe ees tei om populations
‘rsach the new arse in tr eey stages can Best be tho of
cnsplement tothe UN which would eter replace over tie seep
ina modied formas second chamber'= necessary meeting place fr
al states respective af the nature of thei eines
‘Ofcourse the ides of new desocrtcnterasonal seb open
to a amey of bjesons commonly put fo simdar adheres Would
have any teeth to implement decison? How would democratic iter
ional tn beefed? Wold there be a centred police snd
Ilan fore? And soferth These concer ae sigfcant But any of
them can be met tnd countered For istance, needs toe essed that
ny global legative itu shoold be conceived above all as 8
‘andar setong into, Ahovgh a dation ought fo be mate
Sevwcen legal trument which woud have the sats of le ine
pendently of any farther negotiation oration on the part of a region oF
ate or local goverment and instruments which would roqie farther
‘Sscuson with them, implementation ofthe deta ofa broad range of
recrsendasons would be a matter for nonglbal levels of gover
tnce™ Io sakdton, the gueton of lwenforcement at 4 rejoal and
foal ewt isnot beyond reelution io plncpe: = proprtion of
ation-ute' police and mary perhaps « geoing proportion over
"ime could be seconded tothe net steratonal authors and placed
their diploma routine bas. To thir end avenues cou be estab
Tshed to meet the concern that ‘covenant, widow the sword are Dut
words ™
Ely, oly to the exten that the new fra of policing’ are lacked
lgo an soternatinal_democrate framework would there be good
sounds fr thinking that new setiement Could be crested eter
cece power and accuntabiy I sich a setement seem lke
Faas shouldbe orphsve that 2 anny to imagine tat one
fan advocate democracy today without cononting the range of ses
Slahorted here I'he emerging intemational order to be demorai,
Shwe aves have tobe comadered. eventhough ther dete ae of
‘use open to hither peifeaton. 2 Desio Hero
The implctions fr iternatioal ci saciety ofall his ae in part
dear A democratic nctwork of ates and cl wee incompatible
‘rth the eence of poesia ets of soil reltion ad organizations
‘eich any wie a the very bass of ther operations, sptematialy
stort Geocraeeoninons and process. At sake ar, among other
‘ings. the curtaent of the power of corporations to constrain and
Inloeace the poi agenda (rough such diverse measures the
public funding of elections, the use of olden shares” and tien
“Sretors and the restriction of the acti of power wansnationg
Interest yroupe 10. purbe their interes unchecked (through Tor
example the regulation of Bargaining procedures to minimize the use of
orc tare hin and beeween pie and private swoon, at
the enactment of rales iting the sponortip of poll repe=
‘eter by seta interenty,whether thee be perce indasin or
tage union
individuals and peoples are to be esd equal in determining the
onton of hiro existence here st bese soil spheres.
or instance. privately and cooperatively owned esterpises inde
pendent commnications media. and aitonomol un ultra centres
‘which alow ther members conta ofthe revources ther dpa
shout iret antererence frm political agencies «other third
Parte"? At asa hee il society that nether simply planned n0¢
‘merely marke oentated but, eather open to organizations scans
tad agencies pursing their own projec, subject to the constraints oF
lemoeratc process and «common sractare of acton®
“The hey features ofthis model ae set ou in tble 13. The conmo-
politan model of democracy present 4 programme of possible tans
ormations wth shor” and long-term polities mpcations I doesnot
present an all-rnothing choc, but rater Las down» decom of
Pile change th ler points of eiatton (ee spend.
‘Would sconnopelitan framework of democray,azing is details
could te adequately shed nut, hve the cngaiztiona resources
procera legal ssstsionl and military = to aker the dspam
Fesource prection and drbution and of ale erestion and enforce
en in he contemporary er? kwould be dept mileadingfo sees
that would inal have these apubisties Nevertbelest, comma
iment to the extension apd deepening of mechanisms of demorraic
[stcountaity across major rion an snerationlstrctures would
elp to eplaterevources an oces whi ar alent beyond the reach
‘of national democratic mechanisms and tavements, Moreover i
ommiment othe protertom ar strengthening sna ihn
‘hefner development 2 regional and iteration court stem,
row Crr-srares 10 4 Conworourran Onoen? $3
Thais 13 The Conmeplin Mal of Demecraey
1 Tegal order consis of mail pd oveayping networks of
erlang the pata scl and econo
2 pops nd ncaa true ight of elf determiation
‘pened yp commlent nda ana ands ee
‘Site ahs The sate composed gt hin vd aos
‘ichncmork of poner Topher these hr ona the Bs Of
Sacapomerng ee ner x democrat mtematoal a
15 Emalog and aw -nfrcement cn be developed with his frame
tert ats mete ctons ad levee slong wh an expen of
“cites ginal nd intertnal curs to motor and check
pial and socal autho.
4 Legal principe are doped wich dein ee fom and scope of
‘did ant elect ston within the organs wd sci
ow sate enc sce. Certain stants ate speed or the
trenteat oll wind 9 pelea regime civ sociation can
icgmmcty ole
55 Rea consequence the principle of ao coerive relations gore the
element uf dates tough these a force remain electre
“pon ne lat esr te fea ranma atch fo erate
‘Srncwai nteretonl nw
6 The dfnce os determinaton, the eeason of common sre
{acon andthe preservtion ofthe democratic god we the overall
folie pres.
2 eterminne pine of oc jute low: the ma gern of
the prac, stun andthe expen of resources st be
mule wih the Gemucrat roe anda common Famenrk of
woul! id the proces whereby india and groups could ste their
overinet for the enactment key human rigs
‘In addivon the esalishment of regional authorities as major inde
pendent vices in wor polities might contribute Fae othe eason
[rth ol dtm ofthe wor hy the US athe forty USSR. Likewise
the new insttuonal focus a the pl level on major transnational
fuer would go some way toward eradicating setaran approaches 19
‘here question, and to countering hierarchy and some ofthe major
Symmetries in iechance Final new set of eon and global rules
Sn procedures might help prevent pbc alas fom Yecoming 2
‘oaznire of inightng snag ntuns holy soa to sete pressing
Soe ome 4“ Davin Het
‘Of cure there would he new posible danger ~ no political scheme
is fee rom suc rinks But what wuld et te would Bethe eying
{tthe creation of pew iterationaldemerati culture a peo
Set olf fom the partisan lame of the nation-state. Such develops
Frat ake years ot desde to Become entrenched But 1989-91 has
Shoven that pois change eam take place at a extraordinary sped
‘el na doubt partly a est ofthe proses of aeton
Conch
In order to avid possible mituaderstandings about the argument
sere above i might be sei by wa ofaconclason tempeh
Terran they secpy and the ground they reject This ean be done by
Issestingeieal a numberof conceptl pares fequeny fund
Poli discourse: glam vers cura diversi conan
‘evs potties: pola! ambition vers pial feaslity:partiatry
ret demotracy versus eral representative demonruy Ad bl
governance Fom shove vers the extension of grstouts ascations
{fom below. Although these panes provide mach ofthe tension hich
changes the debate aboe the possi of democracy beyond Borers,
{here are ood restos for doubting the coherence
"To beg with sobalm and cultural diversity are not simply
opposites For bal inereonnectedoes i ale ormang dene eh
ta relaons ating cltres one to another The ee haw td in wh
tray cultures ae inked and intereated, ot how a sled cults
ives can persis the ae of pabliraon.
‘Second the jntaoston of contttonalom ~ or the elaboration of
theoretical mes of princes of pte organization wth pls
2 pact ats. sets up another tube pari. Polis peal
Gperates within a amework ~ abet a shifting Famework ~ of uk,
Posies thot ome pters and most en aut de are
ofthe rls hic wl shape an linc pola activity, For ples
1 rot about the wave in which res and resources are dire,
Produced und lgitmated. The ghertion i wheter pits will be
Shape hy an esplict femal conmitution or model Which might
princi, be ope an intel or whether pls wl be subject to
$n enwrten conatation whith altogether more ifcl to ine 2
defences the ace of unaccountable seein of poe
“Til the question of Fan cannt spl best up in opps
vio to the qucton of palitalamuon, For what ans tay
Int he ease tomorow Who atsputhe remakable hangeso
Brow Cirverates 10 4 Cosnorouiraw Onoen? 45
1989.90 in Eastern Europe? Whe foresaw the fl of eommenism in the
Soviet Union’ The proving intrconnetednes between sats and
societies i generating coseguencs, tended and unintended fo he
Sbity of repimes, goverment apd states. While the quesion of|
Puli feast a the utmost sinscance would Be nave to jt
pose spy with programmes of poliiealanbition
Fourthly. versions of patipatory democracy cannot simply be
‘opposed to liberal reretentatve democracy Programmes of part
patory oF direct democracy ae aght with compleier and
[goeione Likewise, Hhera repreenative democriy dove not phy
Imean one set of posse institutions or forms The natre of Hera
‘Eiocrary tel an intensely contested tur, So whe there sem ta be
fe rounds or eceting the eral dtnctin beeen sate nd
Dickey there are no equally good rounds for unerisealy accepting
‘Ether of thee in thet Ubeal form, The jutaposton of patiption
‘with Hera representative denocracy leaves moat of pla analyst
ne ae
Fithiy, the problems of gatal povernnce from above cannot be
solved though the extension of grasoots democracy shone. For the
{guess have to be posed: which grassroots and which democracy?
‘There ae many toil movements formance, righting nation
movement othe Evgnice movement - which highlight how the very
tore of «grassroots movement can be contests and fought over
“Grarroes movements are hy no means mere noble we. Like most
socal economic or pola orm they can apearin sway of ships
‘wath »vanety of patterns of internal organisation An appeal to the
ature or inherent goodnese of rauroot atocations and movement
Dypames the never work of theoreti rales
"Toda, any attempt to sct out postion of what could be eal
‘coheed stopianimy mis begin oth rom where Weare =the esting
puter politcal lations and prcemes and um an anlss of what
tight be: ese plies rn and principles I atop to be
embeds mus be linked into pater and movements as che are
Busi ths contest of embedednes nut singly ta be ale sn the
shapes and pattems generated by past groups and movements ic has
be nmeted according t standards ere and peinpen These.
‘ie Flom rom a theory of democracy
Final the history a pratce of democracy has vat now bees
‘ented othe ie f locality [the cast, the commit the
ation} i i ly tha i the ature i wil be centred on the fate
tinal or global domain. would be immensely ae to cli tha
‘thee arty stright solutions tothe pbs posed by bal ” Davin Hato
interconnects wth ix complex ander profoundly uneven effets
bt theres. without doen inesapably important set of questo tobe
ssresedCenainly. ne can Sd many god easons or beng optic
‘howt ntingspat orward nd many Bood reason for tinking that
‘his junctre democracy wl face another erties
Arresonx
Objecves ofthe Conmoptan Model of Democracy
asatie hee
‘Sort Liner
Polcy/governnce
five the thie world scant ‘vomiting apo) ein
= ee a a
2 retin of UN sod amine 2” New Chaner of Rg and Des
(cote mlarte Be) Inada’ Stren oie of
8 Bad mil waitin 3 Satin of pal alo
4 Complore the Irom bl lp em
Intemational Cr New ne
Fan ign Cou re
poral
‘lt Ain dem
cis Sexier
ei Ne Segoe
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