K.

COURSE
RadioTelephony
Aeromobile

INDOPACIFIC AVIATION INSTITUTE

SUBJEC:
E-14lt9,VASANT
VrHA&NEW
DELHrI 10057 AERODROM p&
(+91tl) 26rs42s7
/ s8,(+91)987
371698',7
ATC .

INDO PACIFICAVIATION INSTITUTE

RADIOTELEPHONY
AEROMbBILE

NOTESFOR
RT(R)A COP EXAMINATION
by

Capt.S.J.Singh
- Training
Vice President
E 14/ 20 VasantViharNewDelhi 110057

COURSE
Ra(lio Telephony
ieromobile

SUBJECT

INDOPACIFIC AVIATION INSTITUTE

E-I4/19.VASANTVI}IAR.NEWDELHI ] IOO57
(+9l I I ) 26154257/5
8,(+9l')987371698'7

&
AtrRODROME
ATC

4
=
F

n
6

'

Fig-l

Areaofan Aerodrome
Physicalfeatures
ofOperational

COURSE

INDopACrFIcAVIArroNrNsrrrurt-- SUBJECT
E-] 4/I9,VASANT VIHAR,NEWDELHI I ] l]O57
(+91 t)) 261s4257
/58, (+9t)9873716987

RadioTelophony
Aeromobile

AERODROMf,
&
ATC

j s; nunr]rrnlonr
-- a-]"
- - *- - - - - - --* - -..-.

tsrR
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l!l
lt 9rtl
li1

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lFt

lEl
tol

:i
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<E

lal

l*l
t t

COURSE
RadioTelphony
Aeromobile

INDOPACIFICAVIATIONINSTITUTE

SUBJECT

DELHI] I(]()57 ADRODROME

VIHAR.NEW
8,14/I9,VASANT
&
(+91)987371
(+9rl 1)26154257/58,
6987
ATC

Aerodrome
A definedareaon land or water (includingany buildings,installationsand equipment)
intendedto be usedeitherwholly or in part lor the arrival,departureand surfacemovementof
aircraft.
AerodromeReferencePoint
in a horizontalalor nearthe g9a!9tILq-!9!I!9of the
point established
It is a designated
in tie groundin the horizontalposition
plate
embedded
with
a
metallic
landingarea.It is marked
latitude& longi'udeand elevationof the hjghestpointof
with nameof the aerodrome,
engraved
landingarea.
AerodromeElevrtiot
point (,-41P
Gen I 7.5)
Theelevationofaerodromsreference
Apron
aircfaftlor puryosesol loading
A definedarea,on a landaefodfomeintendcdto accommodate
mail or cafgo,fuelling,parkingol maintenance
unloadingpassenger,

Stand
placeon apronfor lhe purposeofparkingofaircraft
A designated
Taxiway
for the ta-\iingof aircraftand intendedto
eStablished
A <lefinepathon a landaerodrome
andanother,including;
providea link betweenonepartofthe aerodrome
as a ta-\iwayand intendedto
a) Airc.aft standtaxi lane.A portion of an aprondesignated
pro\ideaccess
lo aircraflstandonly.
b) iprorf-laxrwgf.e portionofa ta,\iwaysystemlocatedon an apronand intendedto provide
a lhloughta)(irouteacrosslhe apron
to
to a runwayat an acuteangleanddesigned
A taxiwayconnected
c) Raoid exit ta,xiwaY.
other
taxiways
achieved
on
than
are
to turn off at higherspeeds
allow landingaeroplanes
tlmes
thereby minimizingrunwaybccupancy

COURSE
RadioTelephoy
Aeromobile

TNDOPACIFICAVIATION I I\STITUTE
SUBJECT
E-I4/]9,VASANT
VIHAR,NEW
DELH]
I IOO5? AERODROj\'IE
&
(+91I l) 26154257/58,
(+91)9873716987
ATC

TaxiwayIdentificalion
Eachtaxiwayis identifiedby an EnglishalphabetA ro Z. A taxiwaythat breaksinto parts
due to intersections
or otherwisemay havea numericalnumberalongwith its Englishlettef,for
e.g.Cl, C2,C3,etc.
RunwayHolding Position
positionintended
A designated
to pfotecta runway,anobstaclelimitationsurfaoe,
o. an
ILS critical/sensitive
areaat whicbtaxiingaircraftandvehiclesshallstopandhold,unless
otherwise
authorized
by the aefodfome
controltower.

ffi

rfsryffi

ffi
Feq{$

lIl
I n e r m P d i aH
l eo l d t n g

flll

- ll"

tfi

Runway
Holding

Fig-2

Intermediateholdingposition
A designated
positionintendedfor traflc conkol at which taxiing aircraftand vehicles
shallstopandhold until fLrfthefclearedto proceed,wheninstructedby aercdrome
controltower.
Wind Sock

Fig- 3
It is a conicaldevicemadeof cloththroughwhich wind flows and swivelsalongthe directionof
wind. This givesvisual indicationof the directionof the wind and its approximatespeed.It is
installedin openareanearrunway.

COURSE
RadioTelephony
Aeromobile

INDOPACIFICAVIATION INSTITUTE

SUDJECT

VIHAR,NEW
DELHII IO()57 ADRODRO}IE&
E.]4/I9.VASANT
(+9r )26154257/58,(+91)9873716987
ATC

SignalArea
usedfor thedisplayolground signals.
An areaon an arodrome
Runrvay
areaon a landaerodromepreparedfor the landingand take-offof
i definerectangular
aircratl.

F0lltlT|VARKING
All',1lNG

I ig- 4
RnnwayDesignator
A whJe number,to the nearestone-tenthof MagneticNo{h Additionalpa'allelrunways
arelabeled"L" (left)."R" (right),and"C" (cente|.

Fig- 5
Threshold
Thebeginningofthat portionofrunwayusablefor landing.
Touchdown
the funway'
Thepointwherethe nominalglidepathintercepts
Runwry Strip
A dehnedareaincludingtherunrvayandstopway, ifprovided'

-l

I l\DopAcr
Frc qvl{TlbNlNsrtrur[
RadioTetephony
Aeromobile

J : . I 4 ' I .V9A S A N TV I H A R . N E W
D E L H II I l ) O 5 7

1*Ott t) Z6 stzSztSS.
lrOtlOvlztAOti

AERODROME&

Shoulder
An areaadjacenito the edgeofa
.
Davement
so prepared
as to providea hansitionbetween
rnepavement
andtheodjacent
surface.
SelecfionofRunlyay
Selecrion
ofrunwrr ro be usedfor a,riv.l and.deparrure
ofaircrailjs
t o n l r o JF.a c t o ft 5
h a itr e l a k e n j n l o c o n s i d e r a l t o n t o r 5 e t e c U o n o f f u made
n $ a ) bJ
t n _reroorome
useared(under:
l.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Winddirection
frafllcconJilion,
Typeofapproachto iand
T)peoJair.raft
Sun
AthllNGFOJt!'ft,lARKJht6 SHOULDER

clearuay-l

F__Stop wny.

."n"," ,f;*?;i::r:i.:hH;: $:il::f;:*""#;'"ff;.,:H?avai,ab,e

prepared
asa
",*
Clearway.
A definedrectangulaf

areaol
area
over'Lhich
a5asuirabre
cnaeroo,.""","i,,*
lo',jli,j;T",i,[,"jlilr':j:*::1,$"ffi:il;l

Takeoff Run Avrirabre(ToM).

Therength
of funwaydecrared
availabie
ground
andsuitabre
runofanaeroplane
for the
rckjng
olt

3ili*"X,
iXr:';;o

td*:n"ilable

(ToDA)Thelensth
of rakeoff runavailabre
prustherength
or

ttoo o^tanceAv{itable(ASDA).The
tengthof rakeof runavaitable
plusthetengfi

LandingDisrance
Availabte(LDA).Tl

runwav,
which
isdecrared
avaiiabre
and
il:l?i*,3:fl:J,"+;#:il::,.:il".i:^lT:f.or
A unrrestablished
lo pro\ideA Ta

scrvice
rorerodrome
tfaffic.

COURSE
RadioTelephony
Aeromobil

INDOPACIFICAVIATIONINSTITUTtr
E-]4/I9,VASANV
T I H A R , N E WD E L H I ] I O O 5 7
( + 9 1I t ) 2 6 1 5 4 2 5 7 / 5( +
89
, 1)9873716987

SUDJDCT
&
AERODROME

ATC

ManeuveringArea
Io b.3usedfof takeoff, landingandtaxiingofaircraft,excluding
Thatpad ofan aerodrome
apron,
MovementArt
to be usedfor takeoff, landingand taxiingof aircraft,andthe
That part of an aerodrome
apron.
AerodromeTraffi c Circr!it
Thespecifiedpathto beflown by aifcraftoperatingin thevicinity of an aircraft
AerodromeTra llic
All traffic on nanoeuvringareaof an aerodromeand all aircraftflying in the vicinity of
aerodrome,
Note:A clircraft is in lhe ficinity ofan aerodrdme\)hen it is,, en[ering or leaing an aerodrome
lroltrt circuit.
AerodromeTrafficZone
aroundan nerodromefor the protectionol
An airspaceof defineddimensionsestablished
aerodronetraffic
Air Traflic
ing areaofan aercdrome
All aircraftin flight or operatingon themanoeuvl

COURSE
RadioTelephony
Aeromobile

INDOPACIFICAVIATIONINSTITUTE
E , I 4 l I 9 , V A S A N TV I H A R , N E WD E L H I I ] O O 5 7
( + r l I l ) 2 6 15 4 2 5 7 5 8(,+ 9 1 ) 9 8 7 3 7 1 6 9 8 7

SUBJtrCT
Af,RODROME &

ATC

ALTIMETERY

Fig-7
Anita.le.
Theverticaldistanceof a level,a pointor an objectconsidered
as a point,measufed
lrom
meansealevel.
Eeight.
Thevefticaldistance
of a level,a pointor an objectconsidered
asa point,measured
lrom a
specifieddatum.
Flight level,
A surfaceof constantatmospheric
pressllre,
wh'ch is relatedto a specificpressure
datum,
1013.2hectopascals,
and is separated
from othersurfaceiby specifiedpressure
intervals.
LeveL
A generictermrelatedlo theverticalpositionofan aircraftjn flight andmeaningvariously,
height,altitude,or flight level.
Elevation.
Theverticaldislanceof a level,a pointor an objectconsidercd
as point,on ihe suffaceof
theearthmeasured
from meanseo,level,
QNH.
Aerodromepresslrrededucedto mean sea Ievel pressllreunder standardatmospheric
conditions.
eFF.

-'. Lt-t

dt val

aiL

{tLv-l,;-

d^{d{,

dhc*

&iJ H !-i,,i1

^.t

lcr !.s.t",af ro0.

pressure
Aerodrome
deducedto meansei level pressure
underexistingatmospheric
conditions.
QFE.
QNE.

pressure
Aerodrome
prevailing
at aerodrone.
Heightofan objector a placemeasured
fromthedatumof 1013.2
hPa.

COURSE
Radio Telephony
Aeromobile

INDOPACIFICAVTATIONINSTITUTE

SUBJECT

VIHAR,NEW
DELHI1I OO57 AERODRONTE
E-I4l I9,VASANT
&
(+9r)9873716987
(+9rI r) 26154257/58,

ATC

Note-An altimeter:
l. Whensetto a QNH altimetersetting, will indicatealtitude;
datun.
2. Whensetto QFE altimetersettingwill indicateheightabovethe QFE reference
of 1013.2hPa,maybe usedto indicateflight levels.
3. Whensetto pressure
frontition ahitude.
Thealtitudeat or belowwhichthevedicalpositionofan aircrallis controlledby relerence
to altitudes.
Trahsit,'ahlevel.
The lowestflight levelavailablefor useabovethetransitionaltitude
Ttunsition la))rr.
betweenthetransitionaltitudeandthetransitionIevel
Theairspace

l0

COURSE
RadioTelephony
Aeromobile

INDOPACIFICAVIATION INSTITUTE

SUBJECT

E,I4lI9,VASANT
VIHAR,NEW
DELHII ] Ol]57 AERODROME&
(+91r l) 26r54257158,
(+91)98737r6987

ATC

METEOROLOGICAL REPORTS
Meteorological
Reporf
A statement
ofobseNedmeteorological
conditjonsrelatedto a specifictime andlocation.
MDTAR.
The routineweatherreportof an aerodromeissuedeveryhalf an hour. lt givessurface
wind,Visibility,Prevailingweathercondition,Temp,Due Point,QNH andtrendforecast.
SPECI,
This is SelectedSpeiiaiWeatrerreportthat is issuedwhena significantchangein METAR
reporttakesplace.SPECIis issuedin betweenimmdiately
and is valid till the issuance
ofthe next
METAR,
VOLMET.
CuffentWeathefReportsand AerodromeForecasts
SIGMENT of certainsolutionsare
broadcast
in HF fiom Mumbaiand Kolkattaat halfhour intervals.

cAvoK.
This is a codeword that is spokenlor cloudandvisibilityOK. It replacevisibility,weather
andcloudil:
L Visibilir)i5 l0 kms.Or morc
2. No Cumulonimbus
cloudandno othercloudforecastat 1500melers(5000feet)or belo\a.
3. No precipitatjon,
thunderstorm,
Sandstorm,
Duststorm,Fogforccast.
CLOUDAmountis given.as:
.
FEW Fewl to2Oktas
(halfor lessthanhalfsky is covered),3 to 4 Oktas
SCT.- Scattered
BKN.- BROKEN(morethanhalfbur lessthanOVC),5 to 7 oktas
OVC, OVERCAST(entiresky covered),8 Oktas
Visibility
Theabilityas determinedby atmospheric
conditionsand expressed
in unitsoi distance,
to
seeandidentifyprominentunlightedobjectsby day andprominentlightedobjectsby night.
Flight Visibility
Thevisibility forwardfrom the cockpitolan aircraftin flight.
GroundVisibility\ hich
Thevisibilityat an aerodfome
asreportedbi an accredited
obse.ver.
RunwayVisualR.nge
Therangeoverwhich the pilot ofan aircrafton the centrline ofthe runwaycanseelne
runwaysurfacemarkingsor the Iightsdeiineating
the runwayor jdentifyingits centreirne.
ll

COURSE

INDOPACIFICAVIATIONINSTITUTE

RadioTelphony
Aeromobile

E -] 4 / I 9 , V A S A N T
V I H A R , N E WD E L H I I I O O 5 7
( + 9 1n ) 2 6 1 5 4 2 5 7 / 5(8+, 9 r ) 9 8 7 3 7 t 6 9 3 7

SUBJECT
A I R O D R O [ ' I E&

ATC

Dewpoint
It is the temperature
to which a givenpafcelol air mustbe cooled,at conslantbarometric
pressure,
lbr watervapotto condense
intowatef-

STANDARDATMOSPHERE
Thespecification
ofthe standard
4tmosphere
is formulatedby ICAO as follows:
a, Inearrrsa perTect
ory gas;
pressurc:
b. Sealevelatmospheric
1013.25
HPa;
c. SealeveltemperatureI5oC
d. Therateof lall of temperaru;e
$,ithhe;ght6.50C/ km up to I I kn.
e. Thetemprature
oiair remainsuniformat -56.50C at 11 km andupto20 km.
f. From20kmto30km A fiseof tempeBture
withheightabout10C/kmor 0.30C/1000ft.
Foraviationpurposes
it is not necessary
to specifystandard
atmosphere
above32 km.
Transitionlevel
It is the lowestuseableflight levelabovean aerodrome,
below which tlte verlicaldistance
is measured
asaltitude.
Transitionaltitude
li is a levelat or belowwhichtheverticaldistanceis measured
as altitude.
SICMETInformation
Inibrmationusedbrva meteorological
rvatchoffice concel.ning
the occu(enceor expected
occurenceof specifieden-roliterleatherphenomena,
which may affect the safetyof aircraft
opetions,
AIRMET Information
Infofmationusedby a meteorological
watchoffice concerningthe occuffenceor expecred
occurrence
of specifieden-routeweathefphenomena,
which may aflect the saletyol low level
aircraftoperations
whichwasnot includedin the fofecastissuedfor -low flights.

t2

COURSE
RadioTelephony
Aeromobile

INDOPACIFICAVIATIONINSTITUTE

SUBJECT

DELHlI IOO57 AERODRO]IIE

VIHAR,NEW
E,I4ll9,VASANT
&
16981
(+91t t) 26151257
ls8,(+91)98737
ATC

AUTOMATIC TERMINAL INFORMATION SERVICE (ATIS)

Ai busy aerodromesit bdcomesdifficult for the gfound controlle.sto give foutlne
anclweatherconditionsto aircraftnow andthen So the requited
informationaboutthe aerodrome
jnto
a tape recordingsystemthat transmitsit on a particularfrequency
informationis fed
continuously
duringthe specifiedtimes.This facilitatespilotsto monitorlhe infofmationas and
whentheyrequirewithoutdistutbingthe contfoller.This systemof pfovidingcurrentand routine
is known as ATIS The ATIS
inlormationby meansof continuousand repetitivebroadcasts
consists
ma:nl)ofthe l'ollo\ingelemenl":
message
l. Nameofaerorlrome
- the wofd INFORMATIONandidentificationletterfrom ICAo alphabet
2. Designator
3, Timeofob5er\irion
4, Typeolapproach(es)to beexpected
5, Runwayin use
6. TransitionIevel
operationalinfofmation
7. Essential
8. Sufacewind directionandspeed
9. Visibility/ RVR
weather
10.Present
11.Cloudbelow5000feetof belowthe highestminimumsectoraltitude,whichevefis greater;
Cumulonimbus.
12.Air lemperalure
13,Dewpoint
14.Allimeler
selt;ngs
15.Trendforecast
16.Specifiedstructure
to lransmitan up-lo-date
WhenrapidchangingMeteorologyconditionsmakeit impractical
weatherreport,the ATIS messagewill indicatethat weatherinformationwill be suppliedo0
ATS unit.
initialcontactwith appropriale
ATISFreo.
l26.4.i26.6.126.8.
in the aircraftabout
D-ATIS \is datalink ATIS systern,in which pilot getsa wfitten message
of a pilot listeningof writing wronglyof any
ofATiS. This removeschances
all thebroadcast
ofthe information.
TheprovisionofATlS via Datalink.
of ATIS only. The
V-ATIS is voice ATIS systemwhere;nthe pilot g6tsvoicetransmission
provisionoIATIS by meansofcontinuousandrepetitivevoicebroadcasts.

13

COURSE
RadioTelephony
Aeromobile

SUBJECT

INSTITUTE
INNOPACMTC,qVIATION
DELHI] ]0057
E-I4/I9,VASANTVIHAR,NE\Y
(+91)987371
6987
(+91I l) 26154257/58,

&
AERODRONIE

ATC

PROCEDURES
GENERALOPERA.TING
1,1INTRODUCTION
operation
in thesafeandexpeditious
areof importance
transmitted
andinstructions
Theinformation
the
useof
been
factor
has
a
conlributing
in which
haveoccuffed
oi aircraft.lncidentandaccidents
beovetemphasized
cannot
andphilseology
non-standard
orocedures
1.2TR{NSMITTINGTECHNIOUE
a)

thatthetewill be no
beforetransmitting,listenout on thefrequencyto be usedto eDsure
ftom otherstation;
ilterferencelvith a transmission

b)

tone,andspeakclearanddistinct;
usea normalconversational

c,

100wordspermil)ulewhenii is known
notcxceeding
anevenra(eol speech
maintain
that elementsof th. mesiagewitl be written down by the recipient,speakat slightly
slowerrate;

d)

maintailthespeakinglevelat constantlevel;

e)

a slightpausebeforeandafternumbersrvill assistin makingthemeasielto understand;

avoidusinghesitationsoundsuchas"er"i

g)

distancgfrom themouth;
at appropriate
keepmicrophone

b)

to the tum headaway from the

suspendspeechtemporarilyif it becomesnecessary
microphone;

i)

thetfarsmitswitchfully beforespeakinganddo not releaseit until themessage

depress
is tralNmitted;
This ensurethattheentiremessage
is completed.

j)

shouldbe interruptedlnomentarilyfiom time to time

of long message
thetransmission
to pennitthe trarsmittingoperatorto conformthatthe frequencyin useis clearand'if
to pernit thereceivingoperatorto requestrepetitionofpalt not received'
necessary,

l4

COURSE
RadioTelephony
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INDOPACIFIC
A V I ATI o N I N S T I T U T E SUBJECT
E.I4II9.VASANT
VIHAR,NEW
DELHI
I IOO57 AERODROME
&
(+9t | 1)26t54257158.
G9t)9873716987

ATC

1.3TRANSMISSION
OF LETTERS
Syllables
to beemphasized
afeunderlined.

c
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N

o
P

R
S
T
U

Alpha
Bravo
Charlie
Delta
Echo
Foxfot
Golf
Hotel
india
Juliett
Kilo
Lima
.
Mike
Noveurber
Oscar
Papa
Queo-ec
Romeo
Siena
Tango
Uniform
Victor
Whiskey
X-Ray
Yankee
Zulu

AL FAH
BRAH VOH
CTIARLEE oT
SHARLEE
DELL TAH
ECK OH
FOKSTROT
GOLF
HO TELL
IN DEE AH
JEW LEE ETT
KEYLOH
LEE MAH
MIKE
NO VEM BER
OSSCAH
PAH PAH
KEH BECK
ROWMEOH
SEEAIR RAH
TANG GO
YQU NEE FORM or
OO NEE FORM
VIK TAH
WISSKEY
ECKS RAY
YANGKEY

zooLooo

15

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INDOPACIFICAVIATIONINSTITUTE
Y I H A R , N E WD E L H I I I O O 5 7
E-I4l]g,VASANT
( + 9 1 I l ) 2 6 15 , 1 2 5 7 1 (5+89, 1 ) 9 8 7 3 7 1 6 9 8 7

SUBJECT
&
AERODROME
ATC

1,4TRANSMISSIONOF NUMBERS
in
1.4.1The syllablesprintedin capitallettefsare to be stressed;lof example,thelwo syllables
of FOW-eris givenprimaryemphasis.
whereasthefirstsyllable
ZE-RO aregivenequalemphasis,

Numberor numeralelement

2
3
4
5
6
1
9
Decimal
Hundred
Thousand

ZE-RO
WUN
TOO
TREE
FOW-er
FIFE
SIX
SEV-en
AIT
NIN-er
DAY-SEE-MAL
HUN-dred
TOU-SAND

1.4.2All numbers,exceptas specifiedin 1.4.3,shlill be transmittedby pronouncingeachdigit

Aircrali call signs

Transmittedas

IT 693
AI 107

King fish air six nine three

Air lndia onezeroseven

Flight level

Tlansmitted as

FL180
FL 2OO

Flightlevelone eightzero
Flightlevel two zero zero

Heading

Transmittedas

100degree
080degree

Heailingonc zerozero
Headingzero eightzero

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INDOPACIFICAVIATIONINSTITUTE

SUBJECT

E-I4/I9,VASANT
VIHAR,NEW
DELH]I IOO57
AERODROME&
(+91| t\ 26)54257/58.
(+9t)9873716987

ATC

II/ind direction and speed

Transmitted as

200degree70 knots
160degree
l8 knots
gusting30 knots

Windt\vo zerozero degrees

sevenzero
Knots
Wind onesix zerodegrees
one eightknots
Custingthrcc zeroknots

Transpondercodes

Transmitted as

2 400
4 2s3

Sqoawktwo four zerozero

Squawkfour two five thre

Runway

Transmitted as

2',7
30

Runwaytrvoseven
Runwaythreezero

Altimetersetting

Transmitted as

I 010
1000

QNll onezeroonezero
QNFIonezero zerozero

1.4.3

Altilude

Tlansmittedas

800
3 400
12000

eighthurdred
threethousandfour hundred
onetwo thousand

Cloudheight

Traosmifted
as

2 200
4 300

Trvothousandtwo hundrd
Four thousandthree hundred

l/isibility

Transmitted as

I 000
700
Runwaytisual rallge

Visibilityonefhousand
Visibilitysevenhundred

600
1 700

RVR six hundred

RVR onethousandsevenhundred

l7

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INDOPACIFICAVIATIONINSTITUTD
DELHIi IOO57
E . ]4 / l 9 , V A S A N TV I H A R , N E W
( + 9 1l r ) 2 6 r 5 4 2 5 7 / 5(8+.9 1 ) 9 8 7 3 7 1 6 9 8 7

SUBJtrCT
AEROD;IOMf,&

ATC

shouldbe usedto
1.4.4Exceptas specifiedin 1.4.5all six digitsof the numeficaldesignator
exceptjn the caseol
cornmunications,
channelin VHF radiotelepathy
identilythe tfansmitting
both be usedthe fifth and sixth digits beingzefos,ir which caseonly dle first digitsshouldbe
used.
Notel:-thefollowingexamplesillustratetheapplicationoftheprocedLrfeinl4'1:
Channel

as
Transmitted

I18.000
118.005
I18.010
1t8.025
118.050
118.100

ONEONEEICHTDECIMALZERO
ZEROZEROFIVE
ONEONEEICHTDECIMAI,
ZEROONEZERO
ONEONEDIG}ITDECIMAL,
ONEONEEIGHTDECIMALZEROTWOFIVE
ONEONEEIGHTDECIMALZEROFIVEZERO
ONEONEEIGHTDECIMALONEZEROZERO

in
Note2r- Cautionmustbeexercisedwith fespectto the indicationoftransmittingchannels
whenall six digitsofthe numericaldesignatorare usedln
commLlnications
VHF radiotelephony
on aircmll installations
by 25 kllz, because
channelareseparated
wherecommunication
aimpace
possible
to selectthe five digits
nrore,
it
is
only
capabilityof 25 kllz or
with a channelseparation
DJnel
on lherJdiomanagemenl
oflhenumericaldesignator
Note 3:- The numericaldesignatorcordspondsto the channelidentificationin Annex 10,
by 25 kHz or
channelsare separaled
1.4.5In airspacewhere all VHF voice communications
requirement
operational
by
the
in
1.4.4
is
not
substantiated
six
digits
as
the
use
of
more and
shouldbe
designator
digits
ofthe
numerical
the
first
five
altthorities,
by the appropriate
determined
the firct
in
which
case
only
used,exceptin the caseofboth the fifth and sixthdigitsbeingzeros,
fourdigitsshouldbe used.
in 1.4.5.andthe
ofthe procedure
illustrate
the application
Note li- the followingexamples
panel for communicationequipmentwilh
settingof the aircraft radio management
associated
capabilitiesof25 kHz and8.33125kHz.
channelseparation

l8

/-

TOURSE
RadioTelphony
Aeromobile

INDOPACIFICAVIATIONINSTITUTE
VIHAR.NEW
E-]4/I9,VASANT
DELHII ]0057
(+91| r) 26154257/53,
(+9r)9873716987

SUBJECT
AERODRO]\IE
&
ATC

Radiomanagement
panelsetting
far communication
eauiDment
with
Channel
118.000
I18.025
I18.050
l18.075

r r8.100

Transmilled
as

25 kqz
(5dieits \

ONEONEEIGHTDECiMAI,
ZERO
ONEONEEICHTDECIMAL
ZEROTWOFIVE
ONEONEEIGHTDECIMAL
ZEROFIVEZERO
ONEONEEIGHTDECIMALZEROSEVEN
PIVE
ONEONEEICI'ITDECIMALONEZEROZERO

1t8.00
118.02
118.05
I I8.07
118.10

8.33125kH2
(6 dipts \

118.000
118.025
n8.050
118.075
I18.100

Note2r Cautionmust be exercisedwith respectto the indicationof tfansmittjngchannelsjn

VHF radiotelepathycommunications
when five digits of the numericaldesignatorare usedin
airspace
whereaircraftare also operafedwith channelseparation
capabilitiesof 8.33/25kHz. On
aircraftinstallations
with a channelseparation
capabil;tyof 8.33 kHz and mofe,it is possibleto
selectsix digitson the radio management
panel.lt shouldthreforebe ensufedthat the fifth and
(seeNote l).
sixl0hdigitsaresetto 25 kHz channels

Note 3i The numericaldesignatorcorresponds

to the channelidentificationin Annex 10,

19

COURS[,
Radio Telephony
Aeromobile

I N D O P A CFJI C A V I A T I O NI N S T I T U T L SUBJ[CT
g,VASANT
DELIIII ]0057 AIRODROME&
VIHAR,NEW
E-I4/I
(+91)9873716987
(+91l l) 2615425?/58,
ATC

1,6STANDARDWORDSAND PHRASES
anq
The followingwordsphrasesshallbe usedin radiotelephonycommuricatlonas approprlale
shdllhaveIheme,ninggivenbeln\'

ACKNOWLEDGE
AFHRM

this message'"
"Let ne knolvthatyou havereceivedandunderstood
Ye'

'

APPROVED

ofProposedactiongranted"
"Perm;$sion

BREAK

belwenpoftionsofthe message"'
"l herebyindicatetheseparation
Note:- To be usedwhefethereis no is no eleardistinctionbetween
"
thetext andotherpoftionsofthe message

.BREAK BREAK

transmittedtt)
bet\reenmessages
"l hereby indicatethe separation
"
diflerentaircraftin a verybusyenvir'onment

CANCEL

clearance
"
"Annul thpreviouslytransmitted

CHECK

"Examinea systemor procedurc'':

Note: - Not to be used in other context No answeris normally
"
expected

CLEARED

undertheconditiol]specified"
"Authorizedto pr.oqeed

CONFIRM

"l requestv;rificationof(clearance'instruction'action'information)"

CONTACT

wiih
communications
"Establish

CORRECTION

indicated)'
(or message
"An errorhasbeenmadein thistransmission
thecorlectversionis - "

D|SRFCARD

"

lgnore.

20

COURSE

INDOPACIFICAVIATION INSTITUTE
E,I4lI9,VASANT VIHAR,NEW DELHI 1]0057
(+91 | 1) 26154257158,
(+9t)9873716987

RadioTelephony
Aeromobil

Word/ phrase

SUBJXCT
Af,RODROMf,&

ATC

Meanin

GOAHEAD

"Proceedwith yo r message"
Note:- Not Llsed\\,henever
the possibilityexistsof misconstru;ng
"cO AHEAD,'as an authorization
for an aircraftto proceed.
The
phfase"CO AHEAD,,may be omittedand, in its place,a
fesponsemade.by using the calling aeronaLltical
station,scall
signtbllowedby the answering
aeronautical
stationcall sign.

HOW DOYOU READ

"Wharis thereadabiliry
ofmy kansmission?,'

I SAY AGAIN

"l repeatfor clarityor emphasis.,,

MAINTAIN

"Continuein accordance
with thecondition(s)specifiedor in its
liieralsense,
e.g."maintainVFR.,'

MONITOR

"Listenout on (frequency)."

NEGATIVE

"No" of "Permissionnot granted,,

or ,,Thatis not correct,,
or',not
capable.,'

OUT

oftransmission
"This exchange
is endedandno response
is
expected."

.
OVER

Note:- Nor normally

usedin VHF communicahons.
,.My transmission
is endedandI expecta response
fromyou.',
Notinot normallyusedin VHF communicatjon.

READ BACK

"Repeatall, or thespecifiedpart.of this message

backto me
exactlyasreceived.,,

RECLEARED

"A changehasbeenmadeto youf lastclearance

andthisnew
clearance
supe$edes
your previousclearance
or partthercol,,

REPORT

"passmethefollowinginfofmation.
_.,,

RXQUEST

"l shouldliketo knbw...,,or,,1wishto obtain...,'

21

COURSE
RadioTelephony
Aeromobile
llord / ohrase

INDOPACIFICAVIATIONINSTITUTE
E-I4/I9,VASANV
T I H A R , N E WD E L H I 1I O O 5 7
( + 9 r 1r ) 2 6 15 4 2 5 7 / 5 (8+. 9 1) 9 8 7 3 7619 8 7

SUBJECT
&
AORODROME

ATC

Mean
"
all olyouf lasttransmission
"l havereceived

ROCER

to be usedin replyto a questlon

Notel- Underno cifcumstances
requiring"READ BACK" of a ditectanswerin the affirmative
(NEGATIVE).
(AFFIRM)or negative
SAY AGAIN
S P E A KS I O W E R

"Repeatall, or the lollcwing part'' 1'lasttfansmission."

o u r r a t co f s p e e c h
R e d u cj e

"WaitandI will callyou"

STANDBY

contactifthe delay
Note:-Thecallerwouldnormallyre-establish
or
denial
BY
is
not
approval
is lengIhySTAND
"
"t cannotcomplywith your feqllest,instructionor clearance

UNABLE

Note:- UNABLE is normallyfollowedby reason.

WILCO

(Abbreviation
for "willcomply".)
your
andwill complyrvith it "
message
understarid
"l

WORDSTWICE

a) As a request:

'

is difficult. Pleasesendeveryword or groupof

"Communication
wordstwice,"
b) As information:
is difficult' even/word or groupofword
"since communication
will besenttwic."
in thismessage

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . :.. .. ... ..... .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. .. . . . . .. . . .. . .. . ..................... ...

22

COURSE
RadioTelephony
Aeromobile

.iNDOPACIFIC
AVIATIONINSTITUTE
8 , 1 4 / I 9 , V A S A NV
T I H A R , N E WD E L H I t I | ) O 5 7
( + 9 1 | l ) 2 6 15 4 2 5 7 / 5 (8+, 9 1 ) 9 8 7 3 7 t 6 9 8 7

SUBJECT
AERODROMII
&

ATC

I.7 CALL SIGN

1.7.1Call\isn for aeronauticnl
stcrion
L7.l.l Aeronautical
stations
areidentified
by thenameofthe location
lollowedby a suffix.The
suffrxindicates
thetypeofunit or ser.,,ice
pfovided.

Unit ofset'vice
Areacontrolcenter
Radar(in degfee)
Approachcontrol
Approachcontrolradarafrivals
Approachcontrolradardepar'tures
Aerodrome
conlrol
Sutfacemovement
control
Clearance
delivery
Prccisionapproach
radar
Direction-fi
ndingstation
FIightinformationservice
Aproncontrol
Companydispatch
Aeronauticalstation

Call si
CONTROL
RADAR
APPROACH
ARRIVAL
DEPARTURE
TOWER
GROUND
DELIVERY
PRECISION
HOMER
INFORMATION
APRON
DISPATCH

RADIO

1.7.i.2 Whensatisfactorycommuniqation
hasbeenestablished,
and prov;dethat it will not be
confusing,
the narneofthe locationor the call signsuffix may beomitted.
1,7.2Aircraft call sien
1.7.2.1
An aircraft
callsignshallbeofthe followingtype:

a) thecharacters
correspodding
to the registretion
makingofthe
aircraft;

VT-CLM or
Cessna
VT-CLM

b) thetelephony
designator
ofthe airoaft operatingagency,
follo\redby the lastfour chafactels
ofthg registfation
making
oflheaircra
fi: or
c) thetelephonydesignator
ofthe aircraftoperatingagency,
followedby the flight identification.

AIR INDIA VT- CAB

A I RI N D I A] 3 ]

Note: - the nameof the aircraftmanufacturer

or nameof the aircralt modelmay be usedas
radiotelephony
prefixto thetypea) above.

23

COURSE

INDOPACIFICAVIATIONINSTITUTE

RadioTelphony
Aromobile

SUDJDCT

E - ] 4 / I9 , V A S A N TV I H A R . N E WD E L H I ] ] 0 0 5 7 A E R O D R O M [ &
( + 9 1| l ) 2 6 1 5 4 2 5 7 / 5 8 , ( + 9 t ) 9 8 ? 3 7 1 6 9 8 7

ATC

and providedthat no confusionis

has beenestablished,
1.1.2.2Altet satisfactorycommunication
asfollows:
in | .7.2.1nlaybeabbreviation
likelyto occur,aircfaftcallsignsspecified
le
of.theaitcraft
a) thefirst andat the leasttwo characters
registrationl

VLM or
CessnaVLM

ofthe aircraftoperatinfagency
b) thetelephonydesignator
oi theaircraftr! gistrationt
followedby leasttwo characters

A IR INDIA LM

Ibrm.
c) noabbreviated
arecorresponding
to I.7.2.1examples
Note:- theabbrviated
in this
call sign only after it has beenaddressed
An aircraftshall use its abbreviated
1.7.2.2.1
station.
mannerby the aeronautical
1.'/.2.3An aircraftshall not changeits rype ofcall sign durirrgflight exceptwhen there is a
of similarcall sign;in suchcases,an aircraftmay be
Iikelihoodthat confusionmay occurbecause
instructed
by an air tratlc controlunit to changethetypeolits call signtemporafily.
1.7.2.4 Aircftft in the heavy wake turbulercecategoryshall include the \'r'ord"HEAVY"
controltower andthe
immediatelyafter the aircraftcall sign in the initial call to the aerodrorne
controlunil.
approach

COURSE

INDOPACIFICAVIATIONINSTITUTE

Radio Telephony
Aeromobile

E,i4/l9,VASANT VIHAR,NEWDELHI I IOO57

( + 9 1I I ) 2 6 1 5 4 2 5 7 / 5( 8
+ .9 t ) 9 8 7 3 7 1 0 9 8 7

SUBJXCT
AIRODROME&

ATC ..

ROUTINERT MESSAGES
OF A FLIGHT
A ullgll0lsjlsadBACK in full theATCmessages
listedbelow.
Taxi instructions
Levelinstructions
Heading
inshuctions
Runwayin+rse
ATC clearance
Clearanceof Take ofl Land, Back track, Hold short off a runway,
ro Lnt.;r
Altimetefsetting
likeQNH.QFE,QFF
Ffequencychanges
Tfansitionlevel
VDF informalion.
A pilot obtainsclearances
andinlormiitionlor his flight.

PRE DEPARTURN
L Pre-flightcheck
for VHf with a'r Al C unit - Crouwl
for HF with RADIo
2. SELCAL check- Grouncl
3. Time check- Ground
4. Departure
information- Glouhd
5. Stad-upclearance
/ pushback
requestilparked aI Aerobidge- Cround
6. ATC clearance folrel
7. Line-up- Tower
8. Take-off- ?by'er
TAKE OFF
L Line up clearance,
ifaircrafl hadbeeDclearedto Taxj Holdingposition_ foy,e/

2. Takeoffclearance- 7or?/

25

INDOPACIFICAVIATIONINSTITUTtr

COURSE
RadioTelephony
Aeromobile

E.I4lIg.VASANT VIHAR,NEWDELH] 1I{)O57

+ .9 1 ) 9 8 7 3 7 1 6 9 8 7
( + 9 1l l ) 2 6 1 5 4 2 5 7 / 5( 8

SUDJECT
&
AIRODROME

ATC

Preflight Check

,., lE
i-)<:.=:.

l,r

; /*

>

tr

AIRCRAFT
DelhiQrcundIndair 861
preflightcheck
Request
Cround/Tower
1rrldir861 Readyoutve
(four/three/two)
Readyou five lrddi 861
Or
Givea testcall
civingtestcall 1,2,3,4,5,5,4,3,2,1

Readyou five

Readyou five 1rldil 861

SELCAL Check
6647
Primary8938;SecondarY
and
lhenon Primary
Secondary
first
on
To becarriedout

AIRCRAFT
,e/ri Radio,lndair861on 6647
JLCM
Selcalcheck,Selcalcombination
Request,
normal,changingoverto
Selcaloperating
8938
Delrt Rdolndair861on 8938
Selcalcheck
requesr

RADIO

lrdail 861,givingSelcalJLCM

Clearedto changeover

GivingSelcalon 8938

Selcalopefationnormallnddil
861

26

INDOPACIFICAVIATIONINSTITUTE
RadioTelephony
Aeromobile

E,I4l]9,VASANT
VITIAR,NEW
DELHI] 10057
(+911lJ261442i7
t58,(+9t)9873716987

Ti m e C heck

r"i)
UTC

lr"
'hl{::i:i.;-).:.lF'
AIRCRAFT
DelhiCro|ndlndab86l
Request
tine check.
GROUND/TOWER
lrdai 861DelhiCroundTime0705

0705,Indab
861

Timeif07:05:30is givenas"0705andhall Time 0700is givenas,,Onthe hour,,

DepaltureInformation
Departure
informationconsiststhe lollowing:
Depanure
run$c)
Winddirectiooandspeed
QNH
Temp/ Dew point
Visibility/RVR if requifed
Esscntial
informa'ion
DplhiCround,lndair 8ol
Requst
departure
informatioo

.
.
Runway27, QNH 1012,VOR DPN ollthe air

Indair 861
Runway27
Wind 290 (degree)05 (knots)
T 32;DP l5
QNH r 0l2
Visibiliry5 (kms)/ RVR 500meters
VOR DPN offrhe air

Thatis correct.

27

COURSE
RadioTelephony
Aeromobile

rr,,txipLcmtca.vraTIoNINSTITUTD SUBJXCT
E-I4ll9,VASANT VIHAR,NEWDELH] I Il](]57
+ ,9 1 ) 9 8 7 367918 7
( + 9 1I 1 ) 2 6 1 5 4 2 5 7 / 5( 8

&
AORODRONID

ATC

Pushbackfor StartuP
ExampleL
AIRCRAFT

Delhi Crotnd Intlair 861,HeavY

onbaad 120
Stand/8, Securitycheckscarfiedout, Persons
Pushback,InformalionGoA
Request

GROUND/TOWER
Jndair861Hea'ty
Pushbackappfoved
-|t?dail861
approveG,
Pushback

START UP
Delhi GrcundIndait 861 He vY
onboard120
Stand-18,Securitycheckscardedout, Persons
Gol/
SranI p. Infofmalion
Requesi
Indair 861 Hea'ty
startup appfoved
1rldi," 861slartuPat 35,
dail 861
Startup approved,
Or
startrp35' Indair 861

I bat ls corfect

Taxi Instruction
AIRCRAFT
Delhi Cto'rndI dair 861, Heaty.
Golf
Stand18,ReqTaxi,Information

CROUND/TOWER
to Holding
lrddil 861Cleard
taxiviaBravo'
Runway2s,
Position
AlphaandCharlie

HoldingPositionRunway28
Taxi via BravoandCharlie.lndair861

28

COURSE

INDOPACIFICAVIATIONINSTITUTE

RadioTelephony
Aeromobile

SUBJDCT

E-14lI9,VASANTVrHAR,NEWDELHI
110057 Af,RODROME
&
(-r91t 1)26t 542.57/58,
(+9t)987371698',7
ATC

ATC CLEARANCE
ATC cleamncegiven fo rircraft must be w tten by the pilot very carefully and should be
read backfully by him. This is a stringentrequirement.
DelhiTowerIndair 861
Request
ATC clearance
1,id.lir,861is clearedto kolkattaas
pr flight planrouteat Flightlevel
330After departufeclimbstraight
aheadto Flighrlevel70,thenturn
left, climbro flight level330.
,frdai,"861is clearedto kolkaftaas
perflightplanrouteat Flight level
330,Afterdeparture
climb straight
aheadto Flightlevel70,thenturn
left,climbto flightlevel330.
This is coffect
Indair 861

TAKE OFF'
AIRCRAFT
DelhiTo\\erIndair 361
Readyfor departure

Clearedfor take off,lzdair 861

TOWER
lrdair 861 Clearedfor takoff.

29

k.
.'1

thath^sreccntly
Example.4:
Ifyou seea tfainaccidenl
takenplace.
Pan-lanPa)-ld ) Pan.Pan
Deihi RadioIC 345
I seea train accident,Engineand
Fourbogiesderailed,Passengers
- Rushingout, Repofiingovef the sile
Position70 milesOutboundJaipur
iakeaction
Reqrrgsl
IC 345Rogeryou]Pancall.

WIND SIIEAI].
I

This js an unusualweatherphenomenon
of a bandof stronguind blowihgal lou,
levelsandexistslor shottdumtionoftimes. Ii afleclslbe landingand rakingofl.air'cralt.
Timr:lykrowledgcofthis is esscntialfor airoraft.An aircr.aftthatfirst expcficnces
this
repoftsto ATC so thatthe subsequent
airc|aftcanbe cautionedabouti1.
AIR{JRAFT
DelhiTowerlC 367
wind Shcnrnr8I0 f-.cl
E\pt'flcr,ccd
Lossof airspeed
20 krs,
' Strongright dfift.
.

lC 367 Dclhi l'owef

Itoger, Wjod Sheaf

LOW P.\SS
A pilotwhencolllingin lor landin!uponnotgcltingthesilnalin cl)cl(|r jbrJris
undelcaniageofbeingdownwill request
to Jlylow pasttheContrcll'orrrcr
lirrvisqrlr:Iccli.
D e l l r li o r v eirC 5 4 0
N o l o c r i f r ' ; n n i . N r i ^ ff ^ r

landinggear(Undercarriage)
Requesi
Lo$ Pa.s
.

ClearedLow Pass,
Not beJo\r500fccr
IVU 28.QfE aosl,Pa
W;ll repof Final.

IC 540 cleafedforlriw pass

. Not below500 fool
. R/w 28, surfacewil1(l:1700s
QFE 998 hPa.Repodfrinal
f
r'/or &^lrl

(lapt S.l :iinth

.r0? (lA lt li

M b l :9 8 7 3 7 1 6 9 8978.9 9 5 5 3 5 7 , 1
RADIO COMMUNICATION FAILUIIT

ReceiverFailure
AIRCRAFT

sI4-rraN

(.ecoIdary)
Murnbai
Rad'oIC 440on2872.
NO RESPONSE
Chennai
RadioIC 440on2872,(secondary)

r\rr\ p raDr\^lcF

NagpurConLrol
IC 440on 123.9.
Do 1ouread
NO RBSPONSE

Any aircmftIC 440on 123.9,

Do yourcad
NO RESPONSE

MumbaiRadioChennai
Radio
IC 440on 10065(Pri)Transmitting
Blinddue

Receivef
lailure.
Position,Mumbai/ChennaiFIR12I 5, FL.330
l{yderobad1230,
Colf nexr
Continuingflight to Chcnnaias pcr fligbt ptan
ETA Chennai1300,
EnduanceJ hrs.
Will rran.nrit
againar l2l0 on 6581
I s a )a g a i nM u m b aRi a d i oC h e n n aRi a d i o . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . w ir1r1a n s r na;gr a i na r I 2 3 0 o nt 0 0 6 5
IC 440