5.5 Green Belt Development Plan

Pauk H.
E Project - Environment Management Plan
CISMHE
5.5
GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT PLAN
5.5.1 INTRODUCTION
Development of green belt around the project sites of hydroelectric power is generally
proposed as the construction process emanates lot of dust due to excavation works, crushing of
material and batching of aggregates. In addition, air pollution also takes place due to vehicular
movement during construction and operation phases. The green canopy has the inherent capacity not
only to absorb air pollution but also to increase water retention by soil and decrease sediment
transport. To minimize the impact of different kind of pollutions and avoid land slips from the direct
draining catchment into the reservoir, the creation of a green belt in and around the project area is
urgently needed.
Selection of local plants is always advantageous for success of green belt development. The
green belt developed along the project site, roads, colonies and other infrastructural facilities also
adds to the aesthetic environment. Pauk HE Project envisages the construction of a 110 m high dam
over the Yarjep River, downstream of the Chengrung village, and will create a submergence of 25.3
ha of surface land in addition to 8.8 ha of river, hence a reservoir of 34.1 ha total area (at FRL 1540
m elevation). During the 4 years construction period, the area will be disturbed, vegetation in the
impacted land will be destroyed and soil will become prone to erosion. Plantation of suitable species
along the reservoir periphery will serve many purposes, such as it will protect the area from soil
erosion and shall provide a shelter to birds and wildlife.
5.5.2 DEVELOPMENT OF GREEN BELT

The green belt is proposed to be developed within the project area at the following places
viz., along the network of approach roads, dam sites, power house site and around the periphery of
reservoir, wherever these components are not already naturally surrounded by trees and local flora.
Different kinds of strategies will be necessary for developing a green belt around different
components of the project. The general considerations for green belt plan are:
5.5 Green Belt Development Plan
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Pauk H.E Project - Environment Management Plan
CISMHE
Planting of trees should be undertaken in appropriate encircling rows around the project sites
wherever the forest is not already present.
Generally local/indigenous fast growing trees should be planted.
The trees should be protected by plantation of non palatable shrub species to avoid browsing
by animals.
Placement of Bamboo/ Iron tree guards around the trees.
The Plantation should be at a spacing of 2.5m x 2.5m and about 1600 trees per hectare should
be planted.
5.5.3 SPECIES TO BE PLANTED

A nursery has been proposed under the plan of Tato-1 HE Project. It will furnish the plants
needed for plantation for the three projects developed by the developer. A list of indigenous tree,
shrubs and herbs was made after identification of species suitable for raising in nurseries and for
development of a green belt around the project area and along the periphery of the reservoir. The
species wise details of the plant are presented in Table 5.5.1.1 (a, b and c) indicating their season of
flowering and method of propagation and other characteristics.
Some important precautions have to be taken during the plantation as under Polyculture.
Species mentioned as special should be planted in sufficient numbers so as to increase their
population size in the area. Multipurpose species should be planted in large numbers, so as to
provide direct benefit like extraction of fodder, fruits or medicines, to people living around.
5.5.4 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT
5.5.4.1 Road side Plantation

One row of each tree, shrub and biofencing has been proposed with a spacing of 2.5 m x 2.5
m for trees and 2m x 2m for shrubs (to take care of the mortality in the next season). The pit size has
been recommended as 45 cm x 45 cm x 45 cm for trees and 30 cm x 30 cm for shrubs. Along the
access roads, plantation will be done on both sides wherever feasible. The budget for planting trees
along the road sides is given in chapter 5.4 (Landscaping and restoration of construction area).
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CISMHE
5.5.4.2 Green belt around dam site

Plantation at the dam site for about 2 ha has been proposed for control of erosion and
siltation of the reservoir and aesthetic importance. The total cost of planting 3200 saplings @ Rs.
24.38 (including transportation) per sapling works out to be Rs. 0.78 lakhs.
5.5.4.3 Green belt around power house
Plantation around powerhouse need to be done in 3 lines i.e. first line of only flowering
herbs/shrub, second line should be of shrub/hedge in close spacing and along the road of powerhouse
a row of small trees. The planting cost of 2000 saplings @ Rs. 24.38 works out for Rs. 0.48 lakhs.
5.5.4.4 Green belt around reservoir periphery
Total area for the creation of green belt around the reservoir rim is around 56.86 ha which is
divided into two layers/zones for the purpose of plantation taking into consideration the microclimatic
condition that will develop after the creation of a reservoir in the region (see Fig. 5.5.1.1). Degraded
forest and scrub of each layer need plantation. These forests land together constitute about 50% of the
green belt area shown in Figure 5.5.1.1, corresponding to an area of 28.42 ha.
The green belt will start from the immediate vicinity of the reservoir rim on both banks
wherever moderately steep slopes are available for plantation. In the proposed green belt, area has
been divided into two layers for plantation of plant species depending upon the microclimatic
condition that will develop after creation of the reservoir in the region (Fig.5.5.1.1). The bottom
layer (G1), which starts above the water level (at 1580 m contour line) and considered up to 1620 m
contour line is around 28.19 ha in area. The upper layer (G2) is considered between contour lines
1620-16620 m with total area 28.67 ha (Fig. 5.5.1.1). Out of the total 56.86 ha, plantation will be
done only on 28.42 ha of degraded forest (the balance are being covered with existing and
sufficiently dense forest). Water and high humidity loving plants like Actinodaphne obovata, Albizia
odoratissima, Oroxylum indicum, Populus ciliata, Saurauia punduana, and many shrubs and herbs
have been suggested for plantation in the bottom (G1) layer. The upper layer (G2) will be planted
with species of mesic habitats such as Altingia excelsa, Castanopsis indica, Engelhardtia spicata,
Lithocarpus elegans, Michelia chamapaca, Terminalia myriocarpa and many shrubs and herbs. In
all 45,472 plants over a stretch of 28.42 ha on both the flanks of the periphery of the reservoir will be
done by planting 1600 saplings per ha. The planting cost for 45,472 saplings works out for Rs. 15.09
lakhs @ 24.38/sapling (Table 5.5.1.2).
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CISMHE
Table 5.5.1.1(a) Species wise details of trees indicating planting techniques and their usages
Sl.
No.
Botanical name
Common
name
Furit/seed
collection
season
Age of
normal
planting
stock
(months)
9
Actinodaphne
obovata
Pajihuta
April-May
Short lived (1-6

months)
Not required
Soon after
collection
50
Aglaia
spectabilis
Amari
Sept.-Oct.
Short lived (1-6

months)
Not required
Soon after
collection
Albizia lebbeck
Siris
JanuaryFebrurary
Very long lived

(2years)
Scarification
Hot water
A. lucida
Moz
JanuaryFebrurary
Very long
lived(2years)
Altingia excelsa
Singri
May-June
Artocarpus
lacucha
Deb chali
Bauhinia
variegata
Planti
ng
season
Method of
Planting
Uses
10
11
12
12-24
JuneJuly
Direct sowing,
entire planting
Timber,
fuel-wood
60
12-24
JuneJuly
Direct sowing,
entire planting
Timber
MarchJuly
60-90
12-24
July
Direct sowing,
entire planting
Timber, fuel
Scarification
Hot water
MarchJuly
70-80
12-24
July
Direct sowing,
entire planting
Timber, fuel
Short lived (1-3

months)
Not required
Soon after
collection
40-50
12-24
July
Direct sowing,
entire planting
Timber
April-May
Short lived (1-6

months)
Not required
Soon after
collection
50-60
12-24
Direct sowing,
entire planting
Timber;
fruits edible
Kanchon
May-June
Moderate long
lived
Not required
May
95
2-3
JuneJuly
Direct sowing,
entire planting
Flower bud
edible,
fodder
Castanopsis
indica
Hingori
May
Moderate long
lived
Not required
June
90
2-3
June July
Direct sowing,
entire planting
Nuts edible;
Timber,
fodder
Engelhardtia
spicata
Tongtamasok
April-May
Short lived (1-6

months)
Not required
Soon after
collection
60
12-24
June July
Direct sowing,
entire planting
Timber, fuel
Seed longevity
Pre sowing
seed
treatment
Sowing
season
Germ
inatio
n%
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CISMHE
Juglans regia
Thitcha
April-May
Moderate long
lived
Not required
soon after
collection
80
12-24
June July
Direct sowing,
entire planting,
Stump planting
Seeds,
Timber,
medicinal
Kydia calycina
Pichola
Feb.-March
Short lived (1-6

months)
Not required
Soon after
collection
60
12-24
JuneJuly
direct sowing,
entire planting
Timber, fuel
, ornamental
Lannea
coromandelica
Jia
May-June
Short lived (1-6

months)
Not required
Soon after
collection
50
12-24
JulyAugust
direct sowing,
entire planting
Timber, fuel
, ornamental
10
Magnolia
grandiflora
Boromthuri
March-May
Short lived (1-6

months)
Not required
Soon after
collection
60-70
12-18
July
Direct sowing,
entire planting,
branch cutting
Ornamental
11
Mesua assamica
Sia-Nahar
May-June
Short lived (1-6

months)
Not required
Soon after
collection
70
12-24
July
direct sowing,
entire planting
Ornamental
11
Morus alba
Sahtut
April-May
Short lived (1-6

months)
Not required
Soon after
collection
40
12-15
JuneJuly
Direct sowing,
entire planting,
branch cutting
Fodder, fuel
, ornamental
12
Phoebe
hainesiana
Bola Bonsum
May
Short lived (1-6

months)
Not required
Soon after
collection
50
12-24
JuneJuly
direct sowing,
entire planting
Timber
13
Pinus
wallichiana
Blue pine
March-May
Very long lived

(2years)
Scarification
June-July
70
12-24
Aug.Sept.
Direct sowing,
entire planting
Timber,
fuel,
ornamental
14
Pterospermum
acerifolium
Hathipayle
Feb-March
Very long
lived(2years)
Not required
soon after
collection
60-70
12-24
JulyAugust
Direct sowing,
entire planting,
branch cutting
Timber,
fuel,
ornamental
15
Schima wallichii
Chilone
Oct.-Dec.
Very long
lived(2years)
Not required
soon after
collection
75
12-24
JuneJuly
Direct sowing,
entire planting,
branch cutting
Timber,
fuel,
ornamental
16
Terminalia
myriocarpa
Panisaz
Oct.-Nov.
Very long
lived(2years)
Not required
soon after
collection
75
12-24
JuneJuly
Direct sowing,
entire planting
Timber,
fuel,
ornamental
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CISMHE
Table 5.5.1.1 (b) Species wise details of shrubs indicating planting techniques and their usages.
Sl.
No.
Botanical Name
Common
name
Plantation
method
Plantation
time
Uses
Bambusa pallida
Makal
Through seeds,
cuttings, rootshoot cutting
Aug.-Sept.
Afforestation of
forest lands
Bambusa tulda
Shingane
Bans
Through seeds,
In any
season
Culms are used

for construction;
leaves as fodder
Boehmeria macrophylla
Kamli
Through seeds,
In rainy
season
Soil conservation,
fencing, fuelwood
Calamus erectus
Bent
Through seeds,
cuttings
In rainy
season
Soil conservation,
fencing, furniture
Debregeasia longifolia
Tusare
Through seeds,
cuttings
In any
season
Fodder, fuel wood
Desmodium caudatum
Through seeds,
cuttings
In any
season
Fodder, fuel wood
Luculia pinceana
Through seeds,
cuttings
In rainy
season
Ornamental, fuel
wood
Mahonia acanthifolia
Through seeds,
cuttings
In rainy
season
Reforestation of
forest lands
Melastoma malabathricum
Key Sengs
Through seeds,
In any
season
Ornamental
10
Mussaenda roxburghii
Tengmeng
Through seeds,
cuttings
In any
season
Ornamental,
leaves used as
vegetables
11
Rubus ellipticus
Jellying
Through seeds,
cuttings
In rainy
season
Reforestation of
forest lands
12
Zanthoxylum
acanthopodium
Yokhung
Through seeds,
cuttings
In any
season
Medicinal
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Table 5.5.1.1 (c)
CISMHE
Species wise details of medicinal plants indicating planting techniques

and their usages
Sl.
No.
Botanical name
Family
Flowering
time
Fruiting
time
Achyranthes aspera
Amaranthaceae
June-Aug.
Spt.-Oct.
Acorus calamus
Acoraceae
Aug. -Sept.
Agave sisalana
Agavaceae
Feb.-March
Aloe vera
Liliaceae
Feb.-March
Asaparagus racemosus
Liliaceae
Apr.-May
JulyAug.
Centella asiatica
Apiaceae
May-July
JulyAug.
Costus speciosus
Araceae
Sept. -Oct.
Nov.-Dec
Curcuma longa
Zingeberaceae
Aug.-Sept.
Oct-Nov.
Cynodon dactylon
Poaceae
May-June
Aug.Sept.
10
Datura stramonium
Solanaceae
Aug.-Sept.
Set.-Oct.
11
Hedychium spicatum
Zingeberaceae
Sept. -Oct.
12
Molineria capitulata
Hypoxidaceae
May-June
13
Musa bulbisiana
Musaceae
Jan. -Feb.
14
Osbeckia stellata
Melastomiaceae
May-oct.
15
Rubia cordifolia
Rubiaceae
June-Aug.
16
Sida rhombifolia
Malvaceae
June-Aug.
17
Viola betonicifolia
Violaceae
June-Aug.
Sept.Nov.
MarchApril
Apr. May
Oct.Nov.
Sept.Oct.
Oct.Nov.
Oct.Nov.
Aug.Sept.
Sept.Oct.
Sept-Oct.
Parts used for curing the

disease
Plant is used as medicinal;
diuretic and purgative.
Rhizomes/roots are medicinal
Leaf juice is used as insecticide
Leaves juice used in skin
teatment; facial
Roots are medicinal; root bark
has antibacterial and antifungal
properties.
Leaf juice is used as a tonic;
intellect promoting for childrens.
Rhizome is used in gout; as
stimulant.
Rhizome/root powder is useful in
wound healing.
Decoction of leaf juice is given
in piles disease
Flowers are showy; Seeds are
narcotic.
Roots are medicinal.
Roots are medicinal; fruits are
edible.
Fruits are nutitious and edible
Flowers are aesthetic; roots are
medicinal.
Plant juice is taken in skin
diseases.
Roots are medicinal.
Whole plant is medicnal; cough
and asthma.
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CISMHE
Table 5.5.1.2 Physical and financial break up for the creation and maintenance of green belt
around the periphery of reservoir of Pauk HE Project
Item
Ist layer (G1)

(12-24 months)
area: 14.09 (ha)
IInd layer (G2)

(24-48 months)
area: 14.33 (ha)
Biological measures (Afforestation and Maintenance)

1.
Raising plants
i)
Physical (Nos)
22,552
22,936
5.50
5.59
2.00
2.0
7.50
7.59
(@1600 plants/ha)
ii)
Financial (Rs. in lakhs)

(@Rs. 24.38/plant)
2.
Watering, maintenance
and transport (Rs. in Lakhs)
Total (Rs. lakhs)
Grand Total (Rs. lakhs) (G1+G2)
15.09
5.5.4.5 Schedule
The construction period of the project is 43 months. All engineering measures like retaining
walls, wire crate walls, etc to stabilize landslips around reservoir will be carried out under the CAT
plan. Plant saplings will be required for biological treatment measures. Plantation and maintenance
will be carried out starting 12th month from the date of inception of the project. Between 1-12
months all the engineering measures for stabilization of slopes will be carried out under the proposed
CAT plan.
5.5.5 BUDGET
The overall cost of green belt development is Rs. 24.63 lakhs (Table 5.5.1.3). The budget
also includes maintenance of the executed work.
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Table 5.5.1.3 Summary of cost for green belt development

S.No.
Component
Cost (in Lakhs)
1.
Cost of planting of sapling around dam site
0.78
Cost of planting of sapling around power house areas
0.48
3.
Maintenance cost for 3 years-2 supervisor @150.00/day
3.28
4.
Cost of planting of sapling along reservoir periphery

(including maintenance cost)
15.09
5.
Celebration of World Environment Day, etc
3.00
6.
Contingency
2.00
Total
24.63
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5.5 Green Belt Development Plan

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Pauk H.

E Project - Environment Management Plan

5.5.2 DEVELOPMENT OF GREEN BELT