Office 365

OSS Training
Cristina Mrmureanu
OSS Trainer

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Agenda

IP addresses

Network components

OSI Layer

Ports and Protocols

DNS records
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Networking
IP addresses

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IP v4
It is an addresses used to identify a device in a network
Format:
32 bits, divided in network portion and host portion
It is formed out of 4 octets (4x8 bits): 172.16.81.100

Class

Subnet Mask
decimal

No. of Hosts
per network

No. of
Networks

Star-End of IP address

255.0.0.0

16 millions

127

1.0.0.0 - 126.255.255.255

255.255.0.0

65000

16000

128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255

255.255.255.0

254

2 millions

192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255

Reserved

224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255

Reserved

224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255
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Private IPv4 addresses

IP Class

Start

End

10.0.0.0

10.255.255.255

172.16.0.0

172.31.255.255

192.168.0.0

192.168.255.255

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Network Mask

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DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Computers request IP addresses and networking
parameters automatically from a DHCP server
Dynamic allocation
Static allocation
Uses UDP

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IPv6
It is the replacement of IPv4
Format:
128 bits, divided in network portion and host portion
It is formed of 8 portions x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x x= 4
hexadecimal digits:
2001:0DA8:E800:0000:0260:3EFF:FE47:0001
Advantages
Simplified header format for efficient packet handling
Elimination of need for network address translation
(NAT)
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VPN
It is a secure channel
Headers are not interpreted until they reach the destination

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Network components
Hub, switch, router

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Hubs

Used for device for connecting

multiple devices together in a network

It has multiple inputs/outputs (I/O) ports,

Incoming data on 1 port is repeated an all the other ports

Works at the Physical layer - 1 of the OSI model

Cannot manage or examine traffic

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Switches

Used for device for connecting

multiple devices together in a network
Identifies connected devises by the MAC addresses
Forwards data only to one or multiple devices that need
to receive it
Works at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model.

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Routers

Receives/Forwards packages
from/towards other networks
Can be connected to 1 or more networks
Most commonly is connects to the internet through the ISP
Internet service provider

Works at the Network (layer 3) of the OSI model

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How the information is sent over the Internet?

Is divided and sent as packets

The information is sent as 0 and 1
1

0 0 1

1 0

It is sent in electric impulse / radio waves

103

14

01100111

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Bits and bytes

Each number/ letter has its own 0 and 1 representation:

15

27

26

25

24

23

22

21

20

128

64

32

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OSI Layer

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Packet headers

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Transport Protocols
TCP

UDP

The message is split

into packets

The message is split

into packets

All packets are

numbered and verified at
the recipient side

The content is
delivered, even if a
packet is missing

If a packet is not
received, it is asked for
again

Is used most often in live

delivery it is faster
i.e. audio/video
streaming

It is used when the

content needs to be
delivered as a whole,
like in e-mails
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Encryption Protocols
SSL

TLS

Uses X.509certificates

Uses X.509certificates

Uses public key

Uses public key

It is applied to e-mails,
Web browsing, instant
messaging, voiceover
IP

It is applied to e-mails,
Web browsing, instant
messaging, voiceover
IP

It is initiated in layer 5
Session, but works on
layer 6 - presentation

It is initiated in layer 5
Session, but works on
layer 6 - presentation

Is the newer version of

SSL
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Ports and Protocols

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E-mail Protocols
POP

IMAP

Receive e-mails

Receive e-mails

Uses TCP/IP

Users TCP/IP

Ports 110 and 995 (SSL)

Ports 143 and 993 (SSL)

Messages are stored

locally

Messages are stored on the

server

One user accessing the

mailbox on the server at a
time

Allows access from multiple

users

Receives the entire e-mail

once

Flags can be used : read,

delete

No folder concepts
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SMTP Protocols
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
Ports 25 , 465 and 587 (SSL)
Sending e-mails
Used by most of the e-mail providers

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Exchange e-mail protocols

RPC/HTTP

MAPI

Uses HTTP ports

Exchange 2013 and

Secure connection
Users UDP/TCP

Ports 80 and 443 (SSL)

Level 5 in OSI Layer

Outlook 2007, 2010 and

2013.
Outlook submits remote
operations to access and
modify the mailbox on the
server
Allows a faster connection

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DNS records

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DNS records overview

MX - specifies a mail server responsible for accepting
email messages
A - Returns the IP Address of a domain
CNAME - Alias/ canonical domain used if we want to access
a site also through another name

TXT - associate text with a host or other name, such as

information about a server, network, data center, and other
accounting information.

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