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International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Vol:7, No:12, 2013
International Science Index, Chemical and Molecular Engineering Vol:7, No:12, 2013 waset.org/Publication/9996829
I. INTRODUCTION
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International Science Index, Chemical and Molecular Engineering Vol:7, No:12, 2013 waset.org/Publication/9996829
B. Experimental Setup
A vacuum filter unit was set up with Whatman grade 1
(11m) filter paper which frequently used for qualitative
analytical separations for precipitates such as calcium
carbonate.
Jar test apparatus was used to determine the optimum PAC
dosage required to settle insoluble impurities present in the
crude salt solution.
C. Preparation of EDTA Solution
4g of EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, was dried for
1hour at 80oC and allowed to cool to room temperature in a
desiccator. 3.8g of dried EDTA powder was added to 100ml
volumetric flask and dissolved in distilled water to make a
diluted solution. EDTA solution was standardized using
calcium carbonate solution.
To produce calcium carbonate solution, primary CaCO3
powder was dried overnight at 110oC. 0.25g of dried CaCO3
was transferred to a 250ml volumetric flask and dissolved
using 5ml of 1M HCl solution. Then the solution was diluted
to a volume of 250 ml using distilled water. Concentration of
the standard calcium solution was calculated. EDTA solution
was titrated with standard calcium solution in the presence of
hydroxynaphthol blue as the indicator at a pH of 12 (color
change was pale red to blue).
D.Analysis of Salt Solution
50g of salt was weighed accurately and dried at 110oC until
it gives a constant weight over the time. Then the weight of
the dried salt was measured and moisture content was
calculated in dry basis.
Then the salt was dissolved in distilled water using 1000ml
volumetric flask. Salt solution was filtered using dried and
pre-weighted filter paper. Then the filter cake was dried in an
oven at 110oC until it gives a constant weight over the time
and total suspended solids (TSS) content was calculated.
Filtered salt solution was used to determine the content of
impurities such as Mg2+, Ca2+ and SO42-.
EDTA titration method was used to determine the Mg2+ and
Ca2+ content. Ca2+ was determined in the presence of
hydroxynaphthol blue as the indicator at pH 12 where Mg2+
was precipitated as Mg(OH)2 so that it would not react with
EDTA. Then another sample of salt solution was titrated with
EDTA solution in the presence of eriochrome black T as the
indicator at pH10 to measure the amount of Ca2+ and Mg2+
present in the solution. pH 9.2 buffer solution was used to
maintain the pH of the solution at 10.
In order to determine the SO42- content, gravimetric
precipitation was used. 250ml of the salt solution was
transferred to a pyrex beaker and pH of the solution was
adjusted below 3.0 using HCl solution. Equal amount of
saturated BaCl2 solution was added to the salt solution while
it boiled. Then the solution was mixed well using magnetic
stirrer and allowed to digest the solution for 2 hours at 90oC.
(1)
(2)
(3)
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scholar.waset.org/1999.2/9996829
International Science Index, Chemical and Molecular Engineering Vol:7, No:12, 2013 waset.org/Publication/9996829
F. Method
The salt used in this experiment was collected from
Puttalam saltern in North Western Province of Sri Lanka. Salt
water collected from Puttalam lagoon is used as the raw
material for the crude solar salt production process in North
Western Province.
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TA
ABLE V
CRUDE SOLA
AR SALT ANALYSIIS
Weightt Percentage
Characterristic
Sample A
Saample B Sampple C
Moisture Content
C
3.46
4.07
7.335
Suspendedd solid
0.14
0.07
0.229
Calcium Sulphatte
CaSO4
0.44
0.551
0.45
M
Magnesium Sulphate MgSO4
0.21
0.335
0.09
M
Magnesium Chloriide
MgCl2
0.50
0.883
0.22
Sodium Chloridee
NaCl
98.78
98.0
02
99.10
TA
ABLE VI
REFINED SALT ANALYSIS
International Science Index, Chemical and Molecular Engineering Vol:7, No:12, 2013 waset.org/Publication/9996829
Fig. 5 Effect
E
of PAC oon suspended soolids removal
Reagent
Ca(OH)2
Na2CO3
PAC
TA
ABLE IV
DOSAGES OF REAGENTS
Theoretical dossage
Experimentally optimizzed
(ppm)
dosage (ppm)
621.6
670
3392
3730
42
Chaaracteristic
Weight
W
Percentage
Moistture Content
0.7294
Susppended solid
Calciuum Sulphate
0.0995
0.2750
Magnesium Sulphate
Magnessium Chloride
0.0057
0.0157
Sodiuum Chloride
99.6041
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TA
ABLE VII
COST BREAKDO
OWN OF THE PROC
CESS
Chemical cost breakdown (per
(
1MT of crud
de salt in USD*)
Price per 1kg off
1
of
Cost per 1MT
Dosage(ppm
Chhemical name
m)
chemical (USD))
crude saltt (USD)
PAC
0.79
42.00
0.18
Ca(OH)2
0.46
670.00
1.21
3
Na2CO3
0.61
3730.00
8.63
2.09
9
HCl
1.07
182.50
Total
12.110
*1USD = 131.15
5LKR = 6.09 Chinnese Yuan
IV. CO
ONCLUSION
International Science Index, Chemical and Molecular Engineering Vol:7, No:12, 2013 waset.org/Publication/9996829
F. Economica
al Viability off the Process
Economical viability of any
a research is a key facttor that
deetermines wheether the prop
posed processs will success or fail.
Th
he proposed process wou
uld cost 12.10
0 USD per 1MT
1
of
crrude salt. The cost breakdow
wn is summarrized in Table VII.
457.49
53.37
12.10
7.62
6.10
(79.20)
378.29
83%
1013
Feng, Wen Ju
un. Method for reemoving CaCl2 and
a MgCl2 from finished
salt. China Pattent CN 102120591A. July 13, 2011.
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