Weight of Evidence: Wi-Fi Biological Studies 2012-2015

Introduction
Our current UK regulation on microwave radiation, emitted from wireless devices, is controlled by
ICNIRP (The International Commission on Non-Ionising Radiation Protection). ICNIRP heavily
relies on third party reports, such as the Health Protection Agency (HPA) Report 2012. The British
government refer any queries into the safety of wireless devices to this report.
The HPA report states: There is no consistent evidence to date that WiFi and WLANs adversely
affect the health of the general population. Unfortunately this statement does not guarantee the
safety of wireless devices and the science can be interpreted in many different ways. The HPA study
does not find that Wi-Fi is safe, but say there is no reason to believe that it is dangerous at this time.
The current regulation therefore only restricts wireless signal emissions on the grounds of tissue
heating. It must said at this point, that thousands of studies show adverse health effects from
electromagnetic fields that do not rely on heating. The HPA study only contains a very small
number of Wi-Fi studies. Since the publication of the HPA report, many biological studies on Wi-Fi
have been submitted: Below is the most complete list that was possible to find.
ICNIRP uses a weight of evidence approach, which attributes a weight or validity to each study and
compares the studies that show biological effects to those that do not. This approach is obviously
subjective and open to bias depending upon which expert is doing the weighing. However a
simplified version is presented here, with all studies given equal weight.
Studies
YES = Adverse Health effects found
NO = No effects found
2015
YES ifti ZZ1, Krzolu Z, Nazrolu M, zmen
Effects of prenatal and postnatal exposure of Wi-Fi on development of teeth and changes in teeth
element concentration in rats
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25395122
YES elik 1, Kahya MC2, Nazrolu M3 2015
Oxidative stress of brain and liver is increased by Wi-Fi (2.45GHz) exposure of rats during
pregnancy and the development of newborns
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26520617
YES Cig B, Naziroglu M 2015
Investigation of the effects of distance from sources on apoptosis, oxidative stress and cytosolic
calcium accumulation via TRPV1 channels induced by mobile phones and Wi-Fi in breast cancer
cells.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25703814
YES Dasdag S, Akdag MZ, Erdal ME 2015
(2.4) Effects of 2.4 GHz radiofrequency radiation emitted from Wi-Fi equipment on microRNA
expression in brain tissue
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25775055
YES Dasdag S, Tas M, Akdag MZ, Yegin K 2015
Effect of long-term exposure of 2.4 GHz radiofrequency radiation emitted from Wi-Fi equipment on
testes functions

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25775055
NO Fasseas MK, Fragopoulou AF, Manta AK 2015
(wifi)Response of Caenorhabditis elegans to wireless devices radiation exposure
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25488006
YES Saili L1, Hanini A2, Smirani C2, Azzouz I 2015
(wifi)Effects of acute exposure to WIFI signals (2.45GHz) on heart variability and blood pressure in
Albinos rabbit
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1382668915300594
YES Shokri S, Soltani A, Kazemi M, 2015
(wifi)Effects of Wi-Fi (2.45 GHz) Exposure on Apoptosis, Sperm Parameters and Testicular
Histomorphometry in Rats: A Time Course Study
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4503846/
YES Taheri M1, Mortazavi SM2, Moradi M 2015
(wifi)Klebsiella pneumonia, a Microorganism that Approves the Non-linear Responses to
Antibiotics and Window Theory after Exposure to Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz Electromagnetic Radiofrequency
Radiation
http://www.jbpe.org/Journal_OJS/JBPE/index.php/jbpe/article/view/433
YES Yuksel M, Naziroglu M, Ozkaya MO. 2015
Long-term exposure to electromagnetic radiation from mobile phones and Wi-Fi devices decreases
plasma prolactin, progesterone, and estrogen levels but increases uterine oxidative stress in pregnant
rats and their offspring
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26578367
NO Zentai N1, Csath 2, Trunk,
no Effects of Acute Exposure to Wi-Fi Electromagnetic Fields on Spontaneous EEG Activity and
Psychomotor Vigilance in Healthy Human Volunteers
http://www.rrjournal.org/doi/abs/10.1667/RR13896.1?journalCode=rare
2014
YES Cammaerts MC, Johansson O 2014
(wifi)Ants can be used as bio-indicators to reveal biological effects of electromagnetic waves from
some wireless apparatus
http://www.avaate.org/IMG/pdf/Cammaerts_Johansson_2013.pdf
YES Ghazizadeh V, Naziroglu M 2014
Electromagnetic radiation (Wi-Fi) and epilepsy induce calcium entry and apoptosis through
activation of TRPV1 channel in hippocampus and dorsal root ganglion of rats
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11011-014-9549-9
NO Lee SS, Kim HR, Kim MS, Park S 2014
(wifi )Influence of smartphone Wi-Fi signals on adipose-derived stem cells
http://journals.lww.com/jcraniofacialsurgery/Abstract/2014/09000/Influence_of_Smartphone_Wi_F
i_Signals_on.79.aspx
YES Margaritis LH, Manta AK, Kokkaliaris KD 2014
(wifi) Drosophila oogenesis as a bio-marker responding to EMF sources
http://static.ow.ly/docs/Margaritis%20et%20al%202013%20Drosophila%20bio-marker%20EMF
%20response%20ElectBiolMed%20Oct_1D3Z.pdf
YES Rinaldi S1, Mura M2, Castagna A1, Fontani V 2014
Long-lasting changes in brain activation induced by a single REAC technology pulse in Wi-Fi
bands. Randomized double-blind fMRI qualitative study
http://www.nature.com/articles/srep05668
YES Soran ML, Stan M, Niinemets U 2014
(wifi) Influence of microwave frequency electromagnetic radiation on terpene emission and content
in aromatic plants
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0176161714001710

YES Tk L, Nazrolu M1, Doan S, Kahya MC 2014

(2.4 pulsed) Effects of melatonin on Wi-Fi-induced oxidative stress in lens of rats
2013
NO At-Assa S1, de Gannes FP, Taxile M 2013
? In situ expression of heat-shock proteins and 3-nitrotyrosine in brains of young rats exposed to a
WiFi signal in utero and in early life
http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1667/RR2995.1
YES Atasoy HI, Gunal MY 2013I
(wifi) immunohistopathologic demonstration of deleterious effects on growing rat testes of
radiofrequency waves emitted from conventional Wi-Fi devices
http://wifiinschools.org.uk/resources/Wi-Fi+papers.pdf
YES Aynali G, Naziroglu M, Celik O 2012
? Modulation of wireless (2.45 GHz)-induced oxidative toxicity in laryngotracheal mucosa of rat by
melatonin
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23479077
positive effects Banaceur S, Banasr S, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H 2013
Whole body exposure to 2.4 GHz WIFI signals: Effects on cognitive impairment in adult triple
transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (3xTg-AD)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166432812007437
YES Ozorak A, Naziroglu M, Celik O 2013
? Wi-Fi (2.45 GHz)- and Mobile Phone (900 and 1800 MHz)-Induced Risks on Oxidative Stress
and Elements in Kidney and Testis of Rats During Pregnancy and the Development of Offspring
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257531104
NO Poulletier de Gannes F, Billaudel B 2013
? Rat fertility and embryo fetal development: influence of exposure to the Wi-Fi signal
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890623812003401
YES Salah MB, Abdelmelek H, Abderraba M 2013
? Effects of olive leave extract on metabolic disorders and oxidative stress induced by 2.45 GHz
WIFI signals
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256331629
2012
NO Ait-Aissa S, Billaudel B, Poulletier de Gannes F 2012
? In utero and early-life exposure of rats to a Wi-Fi signal: Screening of immune markers in sera
and gestational outcome
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bem.21699/abstract
YES Avendano C, Mata A, Sanchez Sarmiento CA 2012
(wifi) Use of laptop computers connected to internet through Wi-Fi decreases human sperm motility
and increases sperm DNA fragmentation
http://www.alerte.ch/images/stories/documents/etudes/wififertilite.pdf
NO Laudisi F, Sambucci M, Nasta F 2012
? Prenatal exposure to radiofrequencies: Effects of WiFi signals on thymocyte development and
peripheral T cell compartment in an animal model
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224897285
NO Poulletier de Gannes F, Haro E, Hurtier A 2012
? Effect of in utero wi-fi exposure on the pre- and postnatal development of rats
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22311618

pre 2012 (incomplete)

YES Olatunde Michael Oni 1*, Dauda Biodun Amuda 1 & Celestine Etumonu Gilbert 2011
EFFECTS OF RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION FROM WIFI DEVICES ON HUMAN
EJACULATED SEMEN
http://arpapress.com/Volumes/Vol9Issue2/IJRRAS_9_2_13.pdf
YES Papageorgiou CC1, Hountala CD, Maganioti AE 2011
Effects of wi-fi signals on the p300 component of event-related potentials during an auditory
hayling task
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21714138
YES Trker Y1, Nazrolu M, Gmral N, Celik O 2011
Selenium and L-carnitine reduce oxidative stress in the heart of rat induced by 2.45-GHz radiation
from wireless devices
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21360060
NO Sambucci M, Laudisi F, Nasta F, Pinto R, Lodato R, Altavista P, et al (2010).
Prenatal exposure to non-ionizing radiation: effects of WiFi signals on
pregnancy outcome, peripheral B-cell compartment and antibody production.
Radiat Res, 174(6), 73240.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/49655641
NO Sambucci M, Laudisi F, Nasta F, Pinto R, Lodato R, Altavista P, et al
(2011)Early life exposure to 2.45 GHz WiFi-like signals: Effects on development
and maturation of the immune system
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51639204
YES ARGIRO E. MAGANIOTI 1, CHARALABOS C. 2010
WI-FI ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS EXERT GENDER RELATED ALTERATIONS ON EEG
http://www.safeschool.ca/uploads/WI-I_ELECTROMAGNETIC_FIELDS_EXERT_GENDER.pdf
YES Gumral N1, Naziroglu M, Koyu A, Ongel K, 2009
Effects of selenium and L-carnitine on oxidative stress in blood of rat induced by 2.45-GHz
radiation from wireless devices
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19396408

Wi-Fi Biological Studies 2012 to 2015

No effects found
Adverse health effects
found

Wi-Fi Biological Studies 2012 to 2015

Number Percentage

No effects found

29%

Adverse health effects found

20

71%

Conclusions
These Studies show that wifi can: Affect cognitive function and decision making; cause oxidative
stress to multiple organs; reduce fertility; create genetic damage; worsen epilepsy symptoms; effect
heart function; possibly cause neurodegenerative diseases; negatively effect hormone levels in
pregnancy; promote breast cancer; and affect the growth of teeth.
With over 70% of the studies showing biological effects, it would seem that there is now the
consistent evidence that the HPA report demanded, in order to take action. Unfortunately no action
has been taken, though the guidelines have been rendered completely obsolete in the light of this
new evidence. The government now needs to warn the public to the potential of harm. This should
be of the uppermost priority.
Schools can present a particularly high intensity microwave frequency environment to the children.
This is due to the large number of connected devices, which are in constant communication (even
when in standby mode). Children are are more susceptible than adults to this kind of radiation. They
are small and typically hold devices closer to their bodies than adults do. Children's bodies are also
more conductive, and have a thinner layer of fat to protect their organs.
Schools can reduce children's exposure to wifi by installing wired networks.