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• Explanation:
The force caused by the
atmospheric pressure acts on the
surface of the cardboard is greater
than the weight of the water in the
glass.
Show existence of atmospheric pressure
-Fortin Barometer
-Anaroid Barometer
-Simple Barometer
Problem solving -> simple barometer
More About Simple Barometer
The height, h will remains unchanged when
i) the glass tube is lifted up from the dish
ii) the glass tube is lowered further into the dish
iii) the diameter of the glass tube increases
iv) the glass tube is tilted
v) the quantity of mercury in the dish is increased
Spring barometer
Application of atmospheric pressure
• Drinking straw
• Rubber sucker
• Syringe
• Vacuum cleaner
• Lift pump
Low pressure or high pressure
• If in some area the pressure is higher than it is
in the surrounding area, we say that it is an
area of high pressure.
Gas pressure
Instruments used to measure gas pressure
- Manometer
- Bourdon Gauge
Using Manometer
Problem solving Manometer
• Figure above shows the water levels in a water manometer used to measure the
pressure of a gas supply. Find the pressure of the gas in unit of
i) cm water
ii) Pa
[Atmospheric Pressure = 1000cm Water; Density of water = 1000kg/m3]
• Answer:
i)
Gas Pressure,
P = Patm + Pwater
P = 1000 + (30-5) = 1025 cm Water
ii)
h = 1025cm = 10.25m
ρ = 1000kgm3
g = 10ms-2
Gas Pressure,
P = hρg
P = (10.25)(1000)(10)
P = 102500 Pa
U-Tube
• A U-tube can be used to determine density
Problem solving
solving U-tube
• Figure above shows a U-tube filled with 2 liquids X and Y that do not mix.
Given that the density of liquid Y is 1.6g/cm3. Find the density of liquid X.
• Answer:
Gas Pressure In A Capillary Tube
Pgas = gas pressure in the capillary
tube
Patm = atmospheric pressure
h = length of the captured mercury
column
ρ = density of mercury
g = gravitational field strength
Problem solving Capillary Tube
• Answer:
Gas Pressure,
P = Patm + hρg
P = 100,000 + (0.005)(13600)(10)
P = 100680Pa
Bourdon Pressure Gauge
• If pressure is applied, the
copper tube will be
straightened slightly.
Thrust=
The force
due to
fluid
pressure.
Principle of Floatation:
• Weight, W
= mg
=ρobjectVobjectg
Fully Immerse
• Density of Object < Density of water
F = Upthrust
T = Tension of the string F=T+W
W = Weight
• Upthrust, F
= ρliquidVliquidg
• Weight, W
= mg
=ρobjectVobjectg
Fully Immerse
• Density of Object > Density of water
F = Upthrust
T = Tension of the string T+F=W
W = Weight
• Upthrust, F
= ρliquidVliquidg
Weight, W
= mg
=ρobjectVobjectg
Problem solving Archemedes Principle
A block that has volume of 0.2 m3 is hanging in a water tank as shown in
the figure above. Find the tension of the string? [ Density of the metal = 8
× 103 kg m-3, density of water = 1 × 103 kg m-3]
Answer:
Volume of metal block, Vblock = 0.2 m3
Density of metal block, ρblock = 8 × 103 kg m-3
Density of metal block, ρwater = 1 × 103 kg m-3
ρwaterVwaterg + T = ρblockVblockg
T = ρblockVblockg - ρwaterVwaterg
T = (8000)(0.2)(10) - (1000)(0.2)(g)
T = 14000 N
Applications of Archimedes' Principle
• Submarine
• Hot air balloon
• Hydrometer
• Hydrometer is an instrument used to measure
the relative density of liquids.
• Ship – Plimsoil line