Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
1. INTRODUCTION
The study of the optimal change of gearbox
in the case of wheel based vehicles can be done
based on the saw diagram. In order to obtain
this diagram one must know the extreme
vehicle speeds corresponding to the gearbox,
which depend on the functioning areas of the
vehicle engine (the rotations corresponding to
the various regimes of the engine) the way its
transmission is done (front based, rear based or
four wheel based, gearbox with or without
overdrive gears, the wheel size and the optimal
pressure in them when running etc.
The algorithm elaborated for this purpose
aims to graphically represent the vehicle speed
variations according to engine rpm so that one
can easily identify the vehicle speeds that the
gearbox cover and the moment of passage from
one gear to another while vehicle running.
2. NOTATIONS USED IN THE
NUMERICAL CALCULUS MODEL
The numerical algorithm that was elaborated
in the MathCAD program is based on the
minimal and maximal vehicle speed values for
each gear, respectively the rpms corresponding
to the various running regimes of the engine.
Table 1
The main notations used in the algorithm
Item
Notation U.M.
k
The number of gearbox
v min1
km/h
v min j
km/h
v max j
km/h
v maxk
km/h
v maxc
km/h
nmin
rpm
nM
rpm
np
rpm
nr
rpm
nec
rpm
308
Item
Table 1 (Cont)
Notation U.M.
rpm
nmax
Aj
km/h
it j
io
i cv j
itf
rd
309
v min j
nmin rd
, for j = 1
0.377 i
tj
,
=
0.377 n M rd , for j 2
it j
v max j
if d .g . gear k :
0.377 n p rd , for j ( k 1 )
it j
n max rd
, for j = k
0.377
it j
= if d .g . gear ( k 1 ) :
n r
0.377 p d , for j ( k 2 )
it j
n max rd
, for j = ( k 1 )
0.377 i
tj
n r
0.377 lim d , for j = k
it j
(1)
in wich:
nlim =
v maxc it k
0.377 rd
it j = io icv j itf
, in rpm ,
(3)
(4)
(2)
y j ,x1 = vmax j
x1
,
np
y k ,x2 = v maxk
x2
,
n max
where: x2 = 0...nmax;
310
z j , x3 = a j x 3 + b j ,
A1 j
n p nM
where: j2 = k ; x4 = nM...nmax;
; A1 j = v max j v min( j +1 ) ;
a2 j 2 =
A1 j
n p nM
+ v min( j + 1 )
y f = 0 K v min1 ; y m = 0 K v mink ;
x
1 ,
np
y ( k 1 ),x2 = v max( k 1 )
x2
,
n max
where: x2 = 0...nmax;
y k ,xlim = v maxk
x lim
,
n lim
A1 j
n p nM
; A1 j = v max j v min( j +1 ) ;
b j = v min( j + 1 ) n M a j ;
z j , x3 = ( x 3 n M )
A1 j
n p nM
+ v min( j + 1 )
z1 j 1,x3 = a1 j 1 x 3 + b1 j 1 ,
A11j 1
n p nM
b1 j 1 = v min( j 1+ 1 ) n M a1 j 1 ;
z 1 j 1 ,x 3 = ( x 3 n M )
A11 j 1
n p nM
A12 j 2
n max n M
y f = 0 K v min1 ; y m = 0 K v mink
+ v min j 2 ;
n max n M
z 2 j 2 , x4 = ( x 4 n M )
y p = 0 K v max( k 1 ) ; y fm = 0 K v maxk ;
A12 j 2
b2 j 2 = v min j 2 n M a 2 j 2 ;
b j = v min( j + 1 ) n M a j ;
z j , x3 = ( x 3 n M )
z 2 j 2 , x4 = a 2 j 2 x 4 + b 2 j 2 ,
+ vmin( j 1+1 ) ;
y fm = 0 K vmaxk
; x5 = 0 K nmax .
5. CONCLUSION
Applying the created method allows the
design of the saw diagram for any type of
vehicle on wheels as long as we know certain
technical specifications (maximum engine
power and its engine speed; the maximum
torque of the engine and its engine speed; the
minimum and maximum engine speed, the
maximum velocity, total weight, the number of
gearbox, the way the gearbox is organised
whether the last gear k in the gearbox is a direct
grip or an overdrive gear, the size parameters of
the vehicle, the type of tyres on the driving
wheel, etc.).
Based on the diagram v = f(n) one can
choose the shift moments from one gear to
another during the vehicle running. Based on
the results one can determine and compare the
areas covered by the gearbox for various
vehicles on wheels.
The results can be a good background for the
study of vehicle performance in relation to the
traction
balance
or
power,
dynamic
characteristic etc.
6. REFERENCES
[1] Abe, M., Vehicle Handling Dynamics, Theory
and
Application.
Oxford,
ButterworthHeinemann, Published by Elsevier Ltd., 2009.
[2] Andreescu, C., Dinamica autovehiculelor pe
roi, Vol.1. Bucureti, Edit. Politehnica Press,
2010.
311
180
162
y
j , x1
144
y
k , x2
126
z
j , x3 108
yf
90
ym
72
yp
54
yfm
36
18
0
7000
x1 , x2 , x3 , nmin , nM , np , nmax
180
j , x1
k 1 , x2
k , xlim
162
144
z
j , x3
126
z1
j1 , x3 108
z2
j2 , x4
90
yf
ym
ypv
ylim
yfm
vmax
k 1
72
54
36
18
0
312
Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of
and Transports, Romania,
Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of
and Transports, Romania,
Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of
and Transports, Romania,