Table of Contents

FCC Toolbox: Solving linear delayed fractional differential equations (only Single delay
equation) ........................ 1
Syntax ............................................................................................................................... 1
Variables ........................................................................................................................... 1
Inputs ................................................................................................................................ 1
Example 1: ......................................................................................................................... 2
Example 2: ......................................................................................................................... 2
Example 3: ......................................................................................................................... 3
Example 4: ......................................................................................................................... 4
Solving linear fractional delay differential equations ................................................................. 5
Example 1: ......................................................................................................................... 5
Example 2: ......................................................................................................................... 7
Example 3: ......................................................................................................................... 9
Example 4: ......................................................................................................................... 9
Example 5: ....................................................................................................................... 10
Example 6: ....................................................................................................................... 11

FCC Toolbox: Solving linear delayed

fractional differentialequations (only Single
delay equation)

Syntax
[t,x]=fddes(FDDEs,TIME,'alpha',ALPHA,'x0',X0,'N',N,'delay',DELAYS,'his',ICFUN,'meth
Variables
t: is the differetial equation variable
D1x1 OR Dx1 first derivative of x1
Da1x1: fractional derivative of x1
Dd1x1: time-delayed x1
Dd1D1x1 OR Dd1Dx1: time-delayed first derivative of x1
Dd1Da1x1 OR Dd1Dx1: time-delayed fractional-order derivative of x1

Inputs
FDDEs:'fdde1;fdde2;fdde3;...;fdden'
ALPHA: a row vector stor the fractional orders
X0: initical conditions

 N: number of collocation points

DELAYS: one single delay (scaler)
ICFUN: 'his_x1(t);his_x2(t);...;his_xn(t)'
METHODS: Fractional Chabysheev differentiation matrices, CA: default)
VARN: (booleasn): 0(default) fix number of collocation points, (1) variable number of collocation
points

Example 1:
[t,y]=fddes('Dx1+10*x1',[0 10],'N',100,'x0',[1],'method','CA');
figure;plot(t,y);
title('$\dot x+10x=0$, $x(0)=1$','interpreter','latex');
xlabel('$t
$','interpreter','latex');ylabel('$x(t)$','interpreter','latex');

Example 2:
figure;
INDEX=linspace(0.1,1,10);
cc=jet(numel(INDEX));
for i=1:numel(INDEX)

[t,y]=fddes('Da1x1+x1',[0 10],'alpha',INDEX(i),'N',100,'x0',
[1],'method','CA');
plot(t,y,'color',cc(i,:)); hold all;
end
c=colorbar('southoutside');c.Label.String = '\alpha';
title('$^C_0D_x^\alpha[x]+x=0$, $0<\alpha\leq 1$,
$x(0)=1$','interpreter','latex');
xlabel('$t
$','interpreter','latex');ylabel('$x(t)$','interpreter','latex');

Example 3:
figure;
INDEX=linspace(0.1,1,10);
cc=jet(numel(INDEX));
for i=1:numel(INDEX)
[t,y]=fddes('Dx1-x2;Dx2+Da1x1+10*x1',[0
2],'alpha',INDEX(i),'N',30,'x0',[1 -1],'method','CA');
plot(t,y,'color',cc(i,:)); hold all;
end
c=colorbar('southoutside');c.Label.String = '\alpha';
title('$\ddot x+^C_0D_x^\alpha[x]+10x=0$, $0<\alpha\leq 1$, $x(0)=1$,
$\dot x(0)=-1$','interpreter','latex');
xlabel('$t
$','interpreter','latex');ylabel('$x(t)$','interpreter','latex');

Example 4:
figure;
INDEX=linspace(0.1,1,10);
cc=jet(numel(INDEX));
for i=1:numel(INDEX)
[t,y]=fddes('Dx1-x2;Dx2+Da1x1+sin(t)*x1-exp(-t)',[0
5],'alpha',INDEX(i),'N',30,'x0',[1 -1],'method','CA');
plot(t,y,'color',cc(i,:)); hold all;
end
c=colorbar('southoutside');c.Label.String = '\alpha';
title('$\ddot x+^C_0D_x^\alpha[x]+\sin(t)x=\exp(-t)$, $0<\alpha\leq
1$, $x(0)=1$, $\dot x(0)=-1$','interpreter','latex');
xlabel('$t
$','interpreter','latex');ylabel('$x(t)$','interpreter','latex');

Solving linear fractional delay differential equations

Example 1:
figure;
INDEX=linspace(0.01,2,10);
cc=jet(numel(INDEX));
for i=1:numel(INDEX)
[t,y]=fddes('D1x1+Dd1x1',[0 10],'alpha',
[1],'delay',INDEX(i),'N',100,'his','t','method','CA');
plot(t,y,'o','color',cc(i,:)); hold all;
fun=@(t,x,z) [-z(1)];
his=@(t,x) [t];
sol=dde23(fun,INDEX(i),his,[0,10]);
plot(sol.x,sol.y,'color',cc(i,:));
end
c=colorbar('southoutside');c.Label.String = '\tau';
title('$\dot x_1+x_1(t-\tau)=0$, $\tau=2$, $x_1(\tau)=t
$','interpreter','latex');
xlabel('$t
$','interpreter','latex');ylabel('$x(t)$','interpreter','latex');

Warning: The number of fractional orders is less

Da. All the
fractional orders are considered as ALPHA=1.00
Warning: The number of fractional orders is less
Da. All the
fractional orders are considered as ALPHA=1.00
Warning: The number of fractional orders is less
Da. All the
fractional orders are considered as ALPHA=1.00
Warning: The number of fractional orders is less
Da. All the
fractional orders are considered as ALPHA=1.00
Warning: The number of fractional orders is less
Da. All the
fractional orders are considered as ALPHA=1.00
Warning: The number of fractional orders is less
Da. All the
fractional orders are considered as ALPHA=1.00
Warning: The number of fractional orders is less
Da. All the
fractional orders are considered as ALPHA=1.00
Warning: The number of fractional orders is less
Da. All the
fractional orders are considered as ALPHA=1.00
Warning: The number of fractional orders is less
Da. All the
fractional orders are considered as ALPHA=1.00
Warning: The number of fractional orders is less
Da. All the
fractional orders are considered as ALPHA=1.00

than the number of

than the number of

than the number of

than the number of

than the number of

than the number of

than the number of

than the number of

than the number of

than the number of

Example 2:
figure;
INDEX=linspace(0.01,2,10);
cc=jet(numel(INDEX));
for i=1:numel(INDEX)
[t,y]=fddes('D1x1+Dd1x2;Dx2-x1*sin(t)',[0 10],'alpha',
[1],'delay',INDEX(i),'N',100,'his','t;1','method','CA');
plot(t,y,'o','color',cc(i,:)); hold all;
fun=@(t,x,z) [-z(2);sin(t)*x(1)];
his=@(t,x) [t;1];
sol=dde23(fun,INDEX(i),his,[0,10]);
plot(sol.x,sol.y,'color',cc(i,:));
end
c=colorbar('southoutside');c.Label.String = '\tau';
title('$\dot x_1=x_2(t-\tau);\dot x_2=\sin(t)x_1$, $\tau=2$,
$x_1(\tau)=\tau$, $ x_2(\tau)=1$','interpreter','latex');
xlabel('$t
$','interpreter','latex');ylabel('$x(t)$','interpreter','latex');
Warning: The number of fractional orders is less than the number of
Da. All the
fractional orders are considered as ALPHA=1.00
Warning: The number of fractional orders is less than the number of
Da. All the
fractional orders are considered as ALPHA=1.00

Warning: The number of fractional orders is less

Da. All the
fractional orders are considered as ALPHA=1.00
Warning: The number of fractional orders is less
Da. All the
fractional orders are considered as ALPHA=1.00
Warning: The number of fractional orders is less
Da. All the
fractional orders are considered as ALPHA=1.00
Warning: The number of fractional orders is less
Da. All the
fractional orders are considered as ALPHA=1.00
Warning: The number of fractional orders is less
Da. All the
fractional orders are considered as ALPHA=1.00
Warning: The number of fractional orders is less
Da. All the
fractional orders are considered as ALPHA=1.00
Warning: The number of fractional orders is less
Da. All the
fractional orders are considered as ALPHA=1.00
Warning: The number of fractional orders is less
Da. All the
fractional orders are considered as ALPHA=1.00

than the number of

than the number of

than the number of

than the number of

than the number of

than the number of

than the number of

than the number of

Example 3:
[t,y]=fddes('D1x1-x2;Dx2+x1+Dd1x2',[0 4],'alpha',[1],'delay',
[2],'N',100,'his','t;1','method','CA');
figure;plot(t,y,'o'); hold all;
fun=@(t,x,z) [x(2);-x(1)-z(2)];
his=@(t,x) [t;1];
sol=dde23(fun,2,his,[0,4]);
plot(sol.x,sol.y);
title('$\dot x_1=x_2(t);\dot x_2=-x_1+x_2(t-\tau)$, $\tau=2$,
$x_1(\tau)=t$, $ x_2(\tau)=1$','interpreter','latex');
xlabel('$t
$','interpreter','latex');ylabel('$x(t)$','interpreter','latex');
Warning: The number of fractional orders is less than the number of
Da. All the
fractional orders are considered as ALPHA=1.00

Example 4:
[t,y]=fddes('D1x1-x2;Dx2+x1+Dd1Da1x1',[0 20],'alpha',[1],'delay',
[2],'N',100,'his','t;1','method','CA');
figure;plot(t,y,'o'); hold all;
fun=@(t,x,z) [x(2);-x(1)-z(2)];
his=@(t,x) [t;1];

sol=dde23(fun,2,his,[0,20]);
plot(sol.x,sol.y);
title('$\dot x_1=x_2(t);\dot x_2=-x_1+\dot x_1(t-\tau)$, $\tau=2$,
$x_1(\tau)=t$, $ x_2(\tau)=1$','interpreter','latex');
xlabel('$t
$','interpreter','latex');ylabel('$x(t)$','interpreter','latex');

Example 5:
[t,y]=fddes('D1x1-x2;D1x2+x1+Dd1Da1x1',[0 10],'alpha',[0.99],'delay',
[2],'N',100,'his','t;1','method','CA','varN',0);
figure;plot(t,y,'o'); hold all;
fun=@(t,x,z) [x(2);-x(1)-z(2)];
his=@(t,x) [t;1];
sol=dde23(fun,2,his,[0,10]);
plot(sol.x,sol.y);
title('$\dot x_1=x_2(t);\dot x_2=-x_1+^C_0D_x^\alpha [x_1(t-\tau)]$, $
\tau=2$, $x_1(\tau)=t$, $ x_2(\tau)=1$','interpreter','latex');
xlabel('$t
$','interpreter','latex');ylabel('$x(t)$','interpreter','latex');

10

Example 6:
[t,y]=fddes('D1x1-x2;D1x2+x1+Dd1Da1x1',[0 10],'alpha',[0.99],'delay',
[2],'N',100,'his','t;1','method','CA','varN',1);
figure;plot(t,y,'o'); hold all;
fun=@(t,x,z) [x(2);-x(1)-z(2)];
his=@(t,x) [t;1];
sol=dde23(fun,2,his,[0,10]);
plot(sol.x,sol.y);
title('$\dot x_1=x_2(t);\dot x_2=-x_1+^C_0D_x^\alpha [x_1(t-\tau)]$, $
\tau=2$, $x_1(\tau)=t$, $ x_2(\tau)=1$','interpreter','latex');
xlabel('$t
$','interpreter','latex');ylabel('$x(t)$','interpreter','latex');

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Published with MATLAB R2016a

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