En esta escuela el concepto de trauma es reemplazado por el de estrs.8 La
ventaja de este reemplazo, desde el punto de vista de un investigador, es que estrs puede ser conceptualizado como una respuesta fisiolgica a ciertos sucesos. En consecuencia, hay signos objetivos que permiten determinar tanto su presencia como su nivel. What you have Heard is true------the colonnel Auschwitz significa la destruccin de la idea misma de humanidad. Por eso, despus de ese acontecimiento la poesa as como el mero pensamiento creativo son totalmente absurdos y vanos. Lo que desapareci en los campos de concentracin y exterminio es la idea de hombre como la medida de todas las cosas y, en particular, de nuestro pensamiento, porque pensar significa intentar comprender la relacin entre el hombre y el mundo. I now understand that I did not return on that date, that the woman who traveled to El Salvadorthe young poet I had beendid not come back. The woman who did return wrote, in those years, seven poems marked by the El Salvador experience, and also an essay, published in the summer of 1981 in American Poetry Review, in which this returning poet states: It is my feeling that the twentieth-century human condition demands a poetry of witness. Two years later, Czeslaw Milosz would publish his monograph, The Witness of Poetry, and a phrase, poetry of witness, entered the lexicon of literary terms, regarded skeptically by some as a euphemism for political poetry, or as political poetry by other means. Witness would come to refer, much of the time, to the person of the poet, much as it refers to a man or woman testifying under oath in a court of law. Poets of witness were considered by some to be engaged in writing documentary literature, or poetic reportage, and in the mode of political confessionalism. Heidegger lo aclara explcitamente en Poticamente habita el hombre: El poetizar es la capacidad fundamental del habitar humano. Pero el hombre nicamente es capaz de poetizar segn la medida en la que su esencia est apropiada a aquello que por s mismo tiene poder sobre el hombre y que por esto necesita y pone en uso su esencia. Segn la medida de esta apropiacin, el poetizar es propio o impropio. Es por esto por lo que el poetizar propio no acaece en todas las pocas
PRO
In other words, testimony assumes a sacrifice in the name of ideals such as
honor and faithfulness above anything else, and the obligation to bear witness is closely tied to the idea of history perceived as suffering. The poem is a message, its biblical diction and style gives it the force of a com m andm ent. It also contains an explanation - the duty of faithful It can be seen clearly in the verb modality: im perative in H erbert, conditional in Milosz Similarly, Zbigniew H erbert pronounces categorically: you were saved not in order to live you have little time you m ust give testim ony3 Milosz speaks simply of a task, explaining that he can fulfill his life only by a public confession / Revealing a sham, my own and of my epoc Apart from this morally imposing emergence, the Others face might well be adequately addressed as "Thou" (along the lines proposed by Martin Buber) in whose welcoming countenance I might find great comfort, love and communion of soulsbut not a moral demand bearing down upon me from a height. "Through a trace the irreversible past takes on the profile of a He. The beyond from which a face comes is in the third person."[14] It is because the Other also emerges out of the illeity of a He (il in French) that I instead fall into infinite debt vis--vis the Other in a situation of utterly asymmetrical obligations: I owe the Other everything, the Other owes me nothing. The trace of the Other is the heavy shadow of God, the God who commands, "Thou shalt not kill!"[15] en Dialctica Negativa escribe: La perpetuacin del sufrimiento tiene tanto derecho a expresarse como el torturado a gritar; de ah que quizs haya sido falso decir que despus de Auschwitz ya no se puede escribir poemas