NEWS LETTER OF

ARMARC
MAY -2010 Vol 1.95
Editorial 5. Deception: It is an illusory feat means a misleading
Systematic investigation of established fact is falsehood. Here the deliberate concealment of
a conûict of interest is made with presentation
research. It is an attempt to find out the fact on scientific
of misleading statements.
manner. It is heart of science and brings prosperity and
6. The proper documentation including the
strength for any nation. With better researches and their
unrelated aspects is presented.
execution European countries and USA brought
7. Noncompliance: This is willful failure to comply
prosperities to their nation. It is now trend in most of
with statutory, sponsor or any others obligations.
countries to invest on research works and when lots of
8. Ethics and internal conscious are sidelined.
research works are going on it becomes general practice
Any failure of these researches not only leaves impacts
to fraud with these works throughout the globe. India
on the purpose of that research but also has
sometimes reaches a state of forerunners in this context.
unreasonable harm or risk to humans, other vertebrates
Apparently we lack our position in execution of new
or the environment. Such type of work is a tactful drag
researches even after heavy investment in this field.
of copyright. Any misconduct in research by secret
Hence, it needs our ethics, conscious and honesty of
agreement is big hindrance in work when matter comes
work to avoid any willful behavior which breaches the
to moral and ethical terms. Frauds in researches also
principles of research.
includes disclosure or removal of data or damage of
What constitutes our research fraud, a natural question
research related properties like apparatus materials,
must be solved out to bring better result in benefits of
writings, data, hardware or software or any other
country. The answer comes in forms of ‘the fabrication,
substances or devices used in or produced by the
falsiûcation, plagiarism or deception in proposing,
conduct of research.
carrying out or reporting results of research or
The honest error of differences in design, execution,
deliberate, dangerous or negligent deviations from
interpretation or evaluation of result is never matter of
accepted practices in carrying out research’.
fraud. Only being apart from these frauds and honest
1. Fabrication: The deliberately false or
works the real research can be achieved which cannot
improbable account of invention of research
be claimed as bundles of lies or dishonesty or any such
data/results or the conscious design of
words.
laboratory analysis. In This Issue
2. Falsiûcation: A willful perversion of facts or
1) IDENTIFICATION OF RAW DRUGS
omission of undesired data/results. It further
2) CONCEPT OF DHUMAPANA AND
includes the dishonest and wrong interpretation
of results. NASYA IN MANAGEMENT OF
3. Plagiarism: This is a fashion of present India TAMAKA SHWASA
where work and idea of others are presented 3) AYURVEDIC APPROACH TO
like one’ own. This is deliberate CHRONIC DISORDERS
unacknowledged presentation. 4) Formulation Profile (Series-A/16)
4. The result of previous research is misquoted Mahatriphadya Ghrita
5) Herbal Drug Profile (Series-A/17)
or presented in wrongful manner.
Latakaranja
 Newsletter of ARMARC
IDENTIFICATION OF RAW DRUGS
* Dr. Prashant Kumar Jha ** Prof. (Dr.) T. N. Pandya
* Head, Quality Control Laboratories, ALNRAMC, Koppa
** Head, Department of Dravyaguna, IPGT & RA, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar
INTRODUCTION:
A substance used for medicine and still not
processed or subjected to analysis is raw drug. This
substance may be of inorganic or organic origin. The
major portion of drugs used in Ayurveda is covered by
those of organic origin and especially of plant origin from
them. The drugs of organic origin are categorized in
organized and unorganized based on presence or absence
of cellular structure respectively. Further those of herbal
drugs are classified in cryptogamous and phanerogamous
by means of source of origin. Cryptogamous covers
algae, fungi, lichens, bryophytes and pteridophytes; they
inclusively cover around 10% of total consumption of
herbal drugs. The remaining 90% is shared by angiosperm
and gymnosperm being 89% and 1% respectively.
According to an estimate, out of over 2, 50,000 plant
species, 35,000 are used medicinally. India alone is using
over 6,000 plants for medicinal purpose and out of this
around 2,400 plants are used in various indigenous
systems of medicines. The major portion is encompassed
by Ayurveda using around 1,550 plants. According to
various sources roughly 1,000 plants are having trade
for various medicinal purposes. The total trade in
European countries alone reaches above 6 million dollars.
Root and rhizomes share the biggest portion of this trade
followed by fruits, whole plants, stems, leaves etc. As
the drug has both commercial and medicinal aspects
involved with health of general beings, true identification
for standard drugs automatically becomes important.
Need of Identification: Identification is process of
recognition or genuine entity of individuals; even they may
be the plants or herbal drugs or any living organism.
Identification turns important when commercial aspects
are postulated. Knowingly or unknowingly, adulteration
has been part of herbal trading. Some of these admixing
are totally different from genuine by means of
compositions and medicinal effects too. Malva
rotundifolia and Merremia species were found selling
by name of Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri). The leaves of t-
2 MAY-2010
hese adulterants are only similar to officially allowed sub-
stitute of Brahmi i.e., Centella asiatica. Cyperus
stoloniferus is found being sold in Mumbai market by
name of Jatamansi, the genuine one being Nardostachys
jatamansi. Similarly various adulterants are in market
for different plant drugs. Once identification of each drug
is set in form of monograph, adulteration can be easily
judged by buyers. Even exhausted drugs of essential oil
containing drugs like clove with less volatile oil, can also
be checked.
Techniques of Identification: Techniques for
identification of raw drugs are well mentioned and found
Pharmacopoeia of any nation and WHO (World Health
Organization) guidelines under following headlines as:
1. Organoleptic evaluation
2. Macroscopic evaluation
3. Microscopic evaluation
4. Chemical evaluation
Organoleptic evaluation: It involves the application
of sensory organs. In these tests the shape and size,
external colour and markings, fracture, texture or feel,
internal colour and marking, odour, and taste are noted
like:
Fracture: Short, fibrous, granular, splintery, laminated,
mealy etc.
Odour: Aromatic, camphoraceous etc.
Taste: Better, sweet, pungent, numbing etc.
Macroscopic evaluation: It involves the comparison
of exo-morphological characters that are visible with the
naked eye or under low magnification microscope with
descriptions of the plant or botanical drug in floras or
standard monographs of drugs in pharmacopoeia as
presence of marks, lenticels, ridges, gyri etc.
Microscopic evaluation: It is carried out in following
steps:
1. Detailed tissue structure by means of various ways of
sectionings like TS, LS etc.
2. Localization of metabolites
3. Powder characters
 Newsletter of ARMARC
Concept Of Dhumapana And Nasya In
Management Of Tamaka Shwasa
Dr. Neelakanta J. Sajjanar 1st yr PG Scholar
Prof. (Dr.) Debajit Bhattacharyya, HOD,
Dr. Shobha R. Itnal, Lecturer
Department of Kayachikitsa, ALNRAMC, Koppa
INTRODUCTION
Bronchial asthma is characterized by episodic
wheezing, airways obstruction (which is reversible,
either spontaneously or with therapy), bronchial
hyper-responsiveness to non-specific stimuli, and
airways inflammation. The symptoms are very much
in common with that of Tamaka shwasa. Metered
Dose Inhalers and Nebulizers are the most preferred
and quick acting mode of drug delivery systems
followed in treatment of Asthma. Dhumapana and
Nasya are the drug delivery systems having principles
of action similar to the contemporary advanced
instrumentation, but these are not the main line of
treatments in Shwasa roga, Tamaka shwasa in
particular. Still, there are a number of references
available in the texts regarding Dhumapana and
Nasya in Shwasa, Kasa and Hikka chikitsa.
Before entering to the topic proper it is necessary to
have an understanding of Samprapti and its basic
chikitsa siddhanta. Here is a summation of points
regarding Shwasa roga.
Shwasa samprapti
™ Shwasa roga, Tamaka Shwasa in particular
seems to have following underlying pathology:
ƒ MüTüuÉÉiÉÉiqÉMüÉæ,ÌmɨÉxjÉÉlÉxÉqÉÑ°uÉ (cÉ.ÍcÉ. 17/
8)
ƒ MüTü AuÉ® uÉÉrÉÑ (cÉ.ÍcÉ. 17/45)
ƒ mÉëÉhÉÉuÉ×iÉ ESÉlÉ
ƒ ESÉlÉÉuÉ×iÉ AmÉÉlÉ
ƒ MüTüÉuÉ×iÉ mÉëÉhÉ
ƒ AÉqÉÉzÉrÉaÉiÉ uÉÉiÉ (cÉ.ÍcÉ. 28)
ƒ And also in many other diseases such as
Pandu etc., Shwasa lakshnas are observed.
So, the diagnosis of Roga and its specific Nidana
and Samprapti involved needs to be dealt with prior
to the treatment. From the above references, it is
evident that the involvement of Vata dosha especially
3 MAY -2010
Prana and Udana vata vikriti due to Kapha samrodha
or Kapha Aavarana, in Pittasthana, in the causal of
the disease Shwasa.
™ Chikitsa siddhanta
ƒ The treatment modalities to be adopted
should be MüTüuÉÉiÉWûU, EwhÉ and uÉÉiÉÉlÉÑsÉÉåqÉlÉ
(cÉ.ÍcÉ.17/14)
ƒ And also, Pitta has to be taken care of as the
disease is Pittasthana samudbhava.
Dhumapana and nasya in tamaka shwasa
Some of interesting and relevant general points which have
to be kept in mind while adopting Shwasa chikitsa-
ƒ Shwasa, Kasa, Hikka are DHUMA YOGYA
ƒ Dhuma is contra-indicated in involvement of Pitta
ƒ Shwasa Kasa are neither enumerated under
Nasya Yogya nor in Ayogya, but,
ƒ Shwasa Kasa are Nasya Anarha according to
Vagbhata
ƒ Nava-pratishyaya is Nasya Anarha
DHUMAPANA IN RESPIRATORY DISEASES
Contexts where Dhumapana is quoted as a Upakrama in
disorders of Respiratory System:
ƒ To expel sÉÏlÉ or xÉÔ£qÉ xÉëÉåiÉÉå Îzsɹ MüTü after
administering uÉqÉlÉ in µÉÉxÉ ÍcÉÌMüixÉÉ (cÉ.ÍcÉ.7/
77, A.WØû.ÍcÉ.4/9, xÉÑ.E.50/48)
ƒ In MüTüeÉ MüÉxÉ ÍcÉÌMüixÉÉ
• zÉqÉlÉ kÉÔqÉ – MüTüeÉ MüÉxÉ
• zÉÉåkÉlÉ kÉÔqÉ – bÉlÉ zsÉåwqÉ(A.WØû.ÍcÉ.3/67)
ƒ Dalhana commenting on Sushruta says, Dhuma
can be advocated even without Vamana if
Doshas are Alpa
ƒ Formulations of kÉÔ q É quoted to attain
xÉëÉåiÉÉåzÉÑή by expelling sÉÏlÉ MüTü are:
• qÉlÉÈÍzÉsÉÉÌS kÉÔqÉ (A.WØû.ÍcÉ.4/9,,xÉÑ.E.50/
48,, cÉ.ÍcÉ.17/77)
• xÉÌmÉï rÉuÉÉÌSkÉÔqÉ
• aÉÉåzÉ×…¡ûÉÌS kÉÔqÉ
• iÉÑÂwMüÌS kÉÑqÉ
(xÉuÉåï xÉxÉÌmÉïwMü kÉÔqÉ)( xÉÑ.E.50/51)
• WûËUSìÉ mɧÉÉÌS kÉÔqÉ
• mÉ©Mü aÉÑaaÉÑsÉÌS kÉÔqÉ (cÉ.ÍcÉ.17/77)
• SåuÉSÉurÉÉïÌS kÉÔqÉ (pÉæ.U.µÉÉxÉÉÍkÉMüÉU/33)
.
 Newsletter of ARMARC
NASYA IN RESPIRATORY DISEASES
There is apparently a controversy among the authors
regarding the use of Nasya in respiratory diseases
Vagbhatacharya has contra-indicated Nasya in Shwasa
whereas other authors have not made any mention about
the subject cÉUMüÉcÉÉrÉï has advised some of the Nasya
formulations in µÉÉxÉ ÍcÉÌMüixÉÉ mÉëMüUhÉ(cÉ.ÍcÉ.17/130).
Vagbhata has mentioned ÍzÉUÉåÌuÉUåcÉlÉ as a treatment
modality in MüTüeÉ MüÉxÉ (A.WØû.ÍcÉ.3/41).
ƒ Nasya yogas in shwasa chikitsa
• zÉMïüUÉ iÉÉqÉsÉMüÐ SìÉ£ÉÉ aÉÉåqÉrÉUxÉÉÌS lÉxrÉ
• aÉÑQû zÉÑÎhPû lÉxrÉ
• sÉzÉÑlÉ mÉsÉÉhQÒû lÉxrÉ
• xiÉlrÉ,cÉlSlÉ lÉxrÉ
• xÉÑZÉÉåwhÉ bÉ×iÉ qÉhQû, xÉælkÉuÉÉÌS lÉxrÉ
• zÉMïüUÉ, qÉkÉÑ lÉxrÉ (cÉ.ÍcÉ.17/130)
MüTüuÉÉiÉÉiqÉMüÉæ,
ƒ Keeping in mind the samprapti “MüTüuÉÉiÉÉiqÉMüÉæ
uÉ” lÉxrÉ rÉÉåaÉÉ indicated in µÉÉxÉ
ÌmɨÉxjÉÉlÉxÉqÉÑ°uÉ
ÍcÉÌMüixÉÉ are mainly MüTüblÉ (uÉæUåcÉÌlÉMü) and also ÌmɨÉ
AÌuÉ®.
CONCLUSION
™ Dhuma and Nasya are useful treatment
modalities if the underlying pathology is of MüTü
xÉÇ® or MüTüÉuÉ×iÉ uÉÉiÉ.
™ Dhumapana is the “AYURVEDIC INHALER”
which can be advocated in treatment of Shwasa
with particular criteria of predominence of
Kapha invovlement in samprapti.
™ ÍcÉÌMüixÉÉ should always be MüTüuÉÉiÉblÉ and ÌmɨÉ
AÌuÉ®.
To quote words of Saint Dalai Lama “Open
your arms to change, but, don’t let go of your
values”, lets accept the advanced modern
instrumentations for more effective and quick mode of
drug delivery systems but stick to our basic principles in
diagnosis and the treatment of the diseases. Accept the
challenges and prove the utilities and prices of Ayurveda
to whole world.
************
4 MAY -2010
(To continued previous edition......)
AYURVEDIC APPROACH TO CHRONIC
DISORDERS
Dr.Somit Kumar (First P.G)
P.G..Scholar A.L.N.R.A.M.C, Koppa.
Dr. K.P. Murlidharan
Ex-Principal Sri Jayendra Saraswathi Ayurveda
College,Chennai.
Mind constitutes pancatanmatras, they constitute
the bhutas. Akasa constitutes vayu, Vayu constitutes agni,
Agni constitutes jala and Jala constitutes prthvi. Akasa
and vayu have no murti. Agni held in constitution by jala is
srsti. That is why the treatment of body is called
kayacikitsa. “Kayo agnih”. Kayacikitsa is the up keeping
of basical agni. Dhatuparinama is cyclical “Santata
bhojyadhatunam parivrttistu cakravat”. Sukra is similar
to rasa (sita snigdha). The difference is that sukra is
maximum agneya, pure, by getting digested seven times
in its own agni. Further digestion produces ojah and it is
the physical limit of, purity of snigdhata, ie. The finest
snigdhata. And this is the ultimate structural constitution
that can withhold or keep up agni. “Dehasthiti
nibandhanam, snigdham somatmakam, yannase niyatam
nasah”. When the purest snigdhata fails, agni can not be
held up. In other words, when dosas work as per prakrti,
the srotas remains sita snigdha and agneya (Strong and
pure); and vice versa. Disturbance in this causes jvara,
sopha and result in bheda or chronicity, which is
characterised by agninasa and subsequent disintegration.
Treatment:
Treatment of chronic state is the treatment of
bheda or disintegration. Vata, pitta and mind become more
significant in this context. This does not mean that kapha
is irrelevant. Treatment of kapha has to be avirodhi and
also suitable to the prevalent significance of vata and pitta.
It has to be so processed or dressed up. In Ayurveda,
treatment is individualistic and specific to the given state
of the concerned disease. What can be generally de-
scribed are the typically possible contexts in chronic dis-
orders and the essential and basic aspects of their treat-
ments.
The first step to be understood is the following:-
Generally in the tarunavastha of a disease pacana and
 Newsletter of ARMARC
sodhana are done. In kevala vata variety of a disease out
right pacana cikitsa is not suitable even in the tarunavastha
where ama is present. Susruta suggests ghrta prayoga in
the purvarupa itself of kevala vata jwara. Here pacana
will heat or weaken the already strained ruksa srotas and
will cause sopha. Whatever ama is present in kevala vata
vastha is very laghu, ruksa, sita and deeply adhered in
the srotas. The only way to remove it is to introduce
snigdhosna which causes abhisyanda
[vrddhyabhisyandanat pakat (dosah) kostam (yanti).]
Ghrta which is generally sita is suggested in jvara, be-
cause pitta is the root of jvara. However ghrta is agneya.
This prayoga of ghrita in taruna kevala vata jvara is to be
understood in comparison with kevala vata cikitsa in vata
vyadhi. Generally the treatment of a disease starts with
pacana of ama. But vata vyadhi cikitsa starts with
“Kevalam nirupasthambhamadau snehairupacaret”. In
kevalavatavastha of vata vydahi snigdhosna prayoga or
snehasveda is prescribed. There is ama in this state. The
prescribed snehasveda is a wide spectrum treatment. It
is to cause abhisyanda and thus to remove ama, it is to
cause samana to vata and also to tone up and strengthen
the weakened srotas. The basical purpose of snehapana
is sodhana through utklesa. But by different vidhanas it
can be used for samana and bramhana also. Like that
snehasveda with properly selected combinations of medi-
cines along with correct internal medication can be an all
purpose treatment in chronic disorders where vata pre-
dominance is the main factor. This way of treatment is
widely practiced in kerala in several forms like abhyanga,
dhara (pizhichil), sirodhara, sirovasti, massages (uzhichil),
different types of potala svedas (eg: ilakkizhi patra potala
for utklesa, navarakkizhi sastika potala for bramhana,
potikkizhicurna potala for reduction) , upanaha etc., Thus,
the induction of sneha in whatever way suitable can be or
has to be used in chronic disorders as they have acquired
vatasvabhava. Of course, to take out or diffuse the exist-
ing utklesa or asamhata snigdhata and to prepare the body
to receive this treatment, slight controlled ruksana or
pacana sodhana can be done initially with properly se-
lected medicines. Because this is a bahikkriya its impor-
tance should not be ignored. Bahikkriyas with correct
5 MAY -2010
formulations are very powerful (especially different types
of dharas) and in suitable contexts they excel internal
medication.
The second relevant context in chronicity of a
disease is vata pitta vastha. Here Kapha is manda. Not
only that ghrta is suitable here, but also it should essentially
be the base of medicines, internal and external (eg:
yamaka, Kuzhambu, in the place of tailam externally in
vata). The following context is common for all diseases
and the word jvara here can be understood as disease.
“Kaphe mande vatapittottare” .... Pakvesu dosesu ....
dehadhatuabalatvat ca jvaro jerno anuvartate ....
ruksitasya .... yah syadatibalo vayuh sahacari sadagati
tasya samsamanam sarpih diptasyevambu vesmanah”.
Generally the imagination about inflammation is
blunt. Swelling, pain, redness etc. It results in ulceration.
Kill the germ, it heals. After the ulceration is healed, the
depression remains due to loss of structure. In Ayurveda
the concept of sopha is very basical and it covers all
pathological progressions. It starts with vidaha and
progresses into jvara and inflammation and continues to
be interpreted into vatikavastha, vataraktavastha and upto
where the degeneration results in vrana of bhedavastha.
So, it is quite in order that in chronic or vata state, the
treatment turns to acquire vataghna and vatapittaghna
nature, which at the one and same time acts as anti
inflammatory and brmhana. This is unique in Ayurveda.
In vatika state proper brmhana will not increase or vitiate
kapha. Instead, it becomes samana. Correct application
of this treatment is capable of regenerating the lost tissues
at the same time when it heals inflammation, so that no
depression is left in visible ulcerations and no irritability
which may again trigger the samprapti is left out in dhatus
in kasaswasajvaratisaradi. This is the reason why
Ayurveda can take on degenerative diseases. This is not
because of any wonderful drug. There is none. Correct
understanding and practicing of Ayurvedic principles will
help to analyse individual situations and formulate suitable
combinations and treatment processes to achieve this.
It is not possible to explain typical varieties of
ghrtaprayogas in vatapitta mandakapha condition of
chronicity due to vastness of the topic. As a significant
 Newsletter of ARMARC
aspect the importance of ghrta prayoga in manasika rogas
is mentioned here. It need not be explained that manasika
rogas generally have a basical context of vatapitta
situation. Going through the samhitas one may think
ghrtaprayoga is the whole treatment in mental diseases.
It is much more so in the prescribed treatment of
Bhutagraha which is the most psychic in mental diseases.
In viearana also dosage of ghrta based medicines should
be higher, aiming at causing utklesa, for, tiryakgati of dosas
and vata svabhava are quite significant.
Necessity of ghrta prayoga in vatapitta state is
thesame in the case of bahikkriyas also. Even in the case
of visarpa in the treatment of which snigdhata has to be
maximum removed the following directions are given to
be followed after necessary ruksana. “Vayau lepah
ghrtadhikah” “Vatapittotbane yetu pradehaste
ghrtadhikah”. Here ghrta does the conditioning without
which the drug combination may fail or produce untoward
effects. This is similar with failing of internal medicines
due to wrong selection of kapanas.
Ghrta is used in uttama matra for utklesa, in maddhyama
matra for samana and as vicarana for brmhana. Here we
should remember that bramhanam samanam tu eva vayoh
pittanilasya ca”.
The third, let us consider the pittanila state. This
is in fact the next stage or further progression in the said
sequence of chronicity disintegration. Here kapha is
praksina and it is as if the dhatu is burned out. Another
aspect is the possible dusti and involvement of rakta. In
this context ksira has to be the base of medicines as it is
pitta vataghna and kaphakara. As logical thought happens
to be in language, imaginations of gunakarmavikalpa
happens to be in bhavas thought pictures or scenes. The
already described use of ghee in vatapitta situation was
picturised as “diptasyevambu vesmanah”. Here the use
of ksira in pittanila - praksina slesma state is picturised as
“plustam vanam divyambu jeevayet iva”. No words can
explain better.
It is the experience of physicians that without
ksirakasayams, ksiradharas and ksiravastis proper
treatment is impossible in the above said contexts of
chronic disorders, especially where involvement of rakta
6 MAY -2010
also is there. The best example is vatarakta. Except
rasayana prayoga the last resorts in chronicity of
vatarakta are ksiravasti, ksira kasayas and even
Ksiradharas. Quite similar is the Kerala famous use of
coconut flower bunch formulatons in vatarakta. Musta
vimsati prayoga in atisara is another example here. Ksira
preparations become valuable for protecting heart in
vatarakta and also for strengthening the heart is vatika
hrdroga. As gulma is very close to hrdroga it is contextual
here to remember the famous lasunaksira prayoga
prescribed in vatagulma. Not even ksira preparations,
just mixing only of the medicine with ksira gives the proper
effect on pitta - vata - praksina kapha srotas, where the
same medicine without ksira may produce complications
like jvara, sopha etc. Again, it is not possible to explain
varieties of ksira prayogas. In bahikkriyas also ksira is
the essential base in this dosa context. Medicated ksira
lepas and dharas are experienced to give magical effects
especially in severely inflammative conditions. eg:
karaskara ksiradhara in visarpa, rakta samsrsta vata
sopha etc.
The fourth let us consider sodhana. Big scale
sodhana is contra indicative in chronic states due to vata
predominance and resultant weakness. In fact sodhanas
prescribed specifically in bhedavastha are intended to
remove dosasesa after treatment and, of course, for re-
moving utklista dosa in the beginning and middle of the
treatment. The normal course is to bring the dosa to
kosta mostly by utklesa and if necessary by pacana and
also by samana of tiryakpravrtha drutavayu
(vrddhyabhisyandanat pakat kostam vayosca nigrahat -
use of gandhrvahastadi kasayam in the beginning of treat-
ment is an example of vata samana kriya to facilitate
dosagati from dhatu to kosta). Then sodhanas like
virecana and niruha are done to remove the
pakvasayagata dosa. “Pittam va kaphapittam va
pakvasayagatam haret sramsanam, trinapi malan vastih
pakvasayasrayan”. Kapha gets removed by virecana and
vasti, and pitta by vasti, only if they have been digested
and brought to pakvasaya.
(Continued next edition..........)
 Newsletter of ARMARC 7 MAY -2010
Formulation Profile (Series-A/16) Herbal Drug Profile (Series-A/17)
Mahatriphadya Ghrita Latakaranja
Prof: D.K.Mishra M.D (Ay) 1. Prof. M.Vidyasagar 2. Prof. K.S.Sanjay
Dr.Mahesh.M.Madaalageri Nagaraja R. 3. Dr. Hari Venkatesh 4. Dr. Prashant Kumar Jha

Reference: Chakradatta Netra Rogadhikara

Ingredients: Triphala kwatha, Bhringraja swarasa, Vasa

swarasa, Shatavari swarasa, Ajadugdha, Guduchi
swarasa, Amalaki swarasa, Goghrita

Prakshepa dravyas: Pippali, Sita, Draksha, Triphala,

Nilotphala, Madhuka, Kshira-kakoli. Madhuparni and
Nidigdhika.

Procedure: Murchhana of ghrita is done with hepl of

Botanical Source: Seeds of Caesalpinia crista Linn.
prakshepa dravyas. Murchhita ghrita is heated on mild from the family Caesalpiniaceae.
fire. Then all the drava dravyas are added to the murchhita Geographical Source: Plant is found throughout the
hotter part of India ascending up to 2,500 ft. on hills.
ghrita. Lastly kalka is added and stirred well. Ghrita paka Plant Morphology: It is scandent armed shrub with 15-
is done on mandagni till ghrita avashesha. After ghrita 18 cm long leaves having 4-20 pairs of pinnae. Leaflets
are 1-4.5 cm x 0.8-2.5 cm in size, glabrous above and
siddha lakshana, it is filtered. puberulous beneath. Flowers are greenish-yellow in
colour. They are in 6-15 cm long, terminal, axillary
Dose: 0.1 – 1 tola racemes. Pods are 5-8 x 2.8-4.5 cm in size, ovoid-oblong
in shape, flattened and spiny. Seeds are oblong.
Macroscopic: The seeds are oblong ovate or ellipsoid
Anupana: Dugdha in shape and 1.2-2 cm in diameter. They are hard, smooth,
shiny and polished lead coloured. A small similunar blotch
Indications: Naktandha, Timira, Kasa, Nilika, Arbuda, is present surrounding the hilum and opposite to
Netrabhisyanda. micropyle. Numerous faint transverse and longitudinal
concentric lines are also present on surface.
Microscopic: The transverse section shows testa
Chemical evaluations: composed of the epidermis consisting of a single row of
elongated palisade like cells without intercellular spaces,
Loss of drying: 0.35 % having unevenly thickened wall and covering of cuticle.
Beneath these, stone cells of various sizes and forms and
of varying wall thickness are present in several rows.
Refractive index: 1.4532 Stone cells possess reddish brown contents which turn
to black precipitates on treating with ferric chloride
Acid value: 2.31 solution (the brown contents are considered to be
tannin).The inner most row is composed of nearly cubical
to rectangular cells with somewhat wavy thickness.
Saponification value: 228
Below this zone of cotyledon is present. Cotyledon
consists of layer of rectangular cells followed by the
Iodine value: 34.12 mesophyll cells with small intercellular spaces. Mesophyll
cells are filled with starch grains.
 Newsletter of ARMARC
Powder: Powder of the seed is yellowish-brown in colour
with disagreeable odour, bitter, astringent and
mucilaginous taste. Under microscope it exposes
transversely cut fragments of compactly arranged palisade
cells of testa covered with thick cuticle, rosette and
prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate, oil globules and
aleurone grains scattered as such throughout or embedded
in the parechymatous cells of endosperm and cotyledons,
fragments of spiral vessels from the hilar regions etc.
Chemical constituents: The seeds contain an alkaloid
caesalpinine; bitter principles such as bonducin; other
constituents as Obtusin, chryro-obtusin, aurantioobtusin,
obtudifolin, cassiaside A &B, emodin, aloe-emodin,
questin, saponin, fixed oil etc.
Uses: The seeds are used in in skin diseases, especially
in ringworms. They are also used as tonic, antipyretic
etc.
New Reseacrhes In Medical Science
• New research on mice suggests that a
compound found in dark chocolate and tea
may protect against brain injury from a
stroke.
• According to London University, premature
babies are more sensitive to pain if they have
had to undergo painful treatments whilst in
intensive care, compared to other newborns.
• Researchers from Cambridge University
presented evidence that vigorous physical
activity in young children resulted in stronger
hip bones.
For All Pharmacopoeial Analysis, Standardization
of Single as well as Compound Drugs, with
Spectrophotometer, Flame Photomeneter, Photo-
micrograph etc. at nominal charges Contact:
Dr. Prashant Kumar Jha CIPR, DIM, PGDEE, M.Sc., Ph.D.
Quality Control Laboratories, ALN Rao Me-
morial Medical College, Koppa
Your Suggestions and Queries are invited.
Editor: Prof (Dr.) M.Vidyasagar
Research Co-ordinator Dr. Mahesh.M.Madalageri
Printed and Published by ARMARC on behalf of Honourable A. Ramesh Rao, Koppa, Chikmagalur Dt., Karnataka - 577126, India
(No. KARENG/2002/7924, RNI, New Delhi)
email: armarc_koppa@yahoo.com, prashantjha19@rediffmail.com
8 MAY-2010
PRINTED MATTER/BOOK POST
RNI Regd No. KARENG/2002/7924
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