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1. Introduction
Electrical energy consumption increases more
and more on a daily basis. Technological
development is the reason for the use of electrical
energy. Therefore, every year many more power
stations, transmission lines and substations are
constructed. This situation increases the fault current
levels in power systems.
The analysis of power systems under faulted
conditions provides information regarding circuit
breaker selection, relay setting and the stability of the
system operation [1]. It is important to determine the
values of system voltages and currents during faulted
conditions, so that protective devices may be set to
minimize the harmful effects of such contingencies
[2]. The proper coordination of protective relays and
the correct specification of circuit breaker rating are
based on the result of calculations. The performance
of the power system is simulated in what is called
transient stability analysis under a variety of
disturbances, such as short circuits, sudden large load
changes, and switching operations [3]. Sometimes
short circuits present a possibility of damage to the
equipment, and loss of synchronous machines. It is
an unwanted situation.
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System
x = 0,151
Feeder
Trans.
x = x pu
U 2 (kV)
2,4 2
= 0,055
= 0,063
S(MVA)
500
x = x pu
U 2 (kV)
2,4 2
= 0,016
= 0,369
S(MVA)
500
Motor
System
x pu =
x pu = x
Feeder
Trans.
Motor
BASE (MVA)
500
=
= 1,00 pu
MVA (SC)
500
500
BASE (MVA)
= 0,396 pu
= 0,151
13,8 2
U2
x pu = x pu
BASE (MVA)
500
= 0,055
= 5,5 pu
MVA t
5
x pu = x pu
BASE (MVA)
500
= 0,16
= 32,0 pu
MVA m
2,5
U 2 (kV)
13,8 2
=
= 0,380
S (MVA)
500
x =
System
Feeder
Trans.
Motor
500 MVA
MVA =
kV 2
13,8 2
=
= 1260
x (Ohms)
0,151
MVA =
MVA t
5
=
= 91
x pu
0,055
MVA =
MVA m
2,5
=
= 15,6
x pu
0,16
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Figure 2. a) Ohmic Method Reactance Diagram b) Per-Unit Reactance Diagram c) MVA Diagram
Methods Fault
Condition
Fault @ 2,4 kV Bus
Witout Motor Cont.
Fault @ 2,4 kV Bus
With Motor Cont.
Ohmic
Method
77,8 MVA
Per-Unit
Method
72,6 MVA
MVA
Method
72,6 MVA
88 MVA
88MVA
88 MVA
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Figure 5.
4.
Conclusion
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References
[1]. Gungor, B., R., Power Systems, Harcout Brace
Jovanovich, New York, 1988, pp.323
[2]. Kasibama, H., W., Electrical Power Engineering,
McGraw-Hill, New York, 1993, pp.227
[3]. Yamayee, Z., A., Bala, J.,R., J.,L.,
Electromechanical Energy devices and Power
Systems, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1994,
pp.384-386
[4]. Sarma, M., Glover, D., J., Power System analysis
& Design, PWS, Boston, 1994.
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