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iska mqrjeishd Yla;su;a l< hq;=h'
whs;sjdisl n,d;aul lsu ms<sn| woyia
olajka ia;S%ka iska m%ldY lr isfha wdKavql%u
jHjia:df 126 jHjia:dj wkqj Odhl fyda
mmd,k ls%hdjla u.ska whs;sjdisl W,a,x>Kh
jQ wjia:djl .; hq;= jk wlrKuh ls%hdud.
ms<sn| jHjia:duh Odk kS;sfha md,kh iy
hqla;sh i,id .ekSug we;s wjia:d ms<sn| uQ,Ou
iu fkd.e,fmk njhs' fYAIfhkau fld<ka
rneyerj mxj isk wfhl=g fY%aIaGdlrKfha
wlrK n,h ls%hd;aul lr .ekSu wiSre jk
nj;a fY%aIaGdlrKh hkq wjidk wlrK n,h
we;s ia:dkh jk fyhska tu.ska i,ld n,kafka
isoauh ldrKdj,g jvd kS;sh ms<sn| ldrKdj,g
u ksid;a bka Tng wNshdpkd lsf n,hla
mSvdjg m;a ;eke;a;dg fkdue;su ksid;a
whs;sjdisl W,a,x>Kh ms<sn| iyk i,id
.ekSf wjia:d wvmk lsug fya;= we;s nj;a
ia;S%ka iska fmkajd ks' tu ;;a;ajh kS;sfha
md,kh hk uQ,Ouh W,a,x>Khug fya;=
jkakls' uQ,sl whs;sjdisl W,a,x>Kh ms<sn|j
kvq Nd. lsf n,h m<d;a uydlrKhg fhduq
lsfuka fuu n,;djh u.yrjd .; yelsjd
muKla fkdj udkj whs;sjdisl hk Ihh
wlrK moaO;sh ;=<;a kS;suh m%cdj w;r;a m%uqL
idlPdjg ,lajk wlrKuh Ihhla njg m;a
lr .; yels jkq we;s nj wmf.a yeSuhs'
tfiau fY%aIaGdlrKh bfha hqla;s hqla; l<
yelafla Odhl fyda mmd,k ls%hdjla u.ska
uQ,sl whs;sjdisl lvula isu fyda isug
b;du by, bvla we;s njg fya;= ;sf k
muKla njg jHjia:df 17 jeks jHjia:dj u.ska

olajd we;' f inkaOfhka ia;S%ka iska b,a,d

isfha rcfhaa iy rcfha fkdjk foaYmd,k mlaI
mqoa.,sl wxYh iy ;ks ;ks mqoa.,hska iska lrkq
,nk W,a,x>Kh o wdjrKh jk m fuu 17
jeks jHjia:dj mq,a l< hq;= njhs'
iudkd;au;djh iy fjkia f,i fkdie,lSf
Odk
iudk;ajhg iy fjkia f,i ie,l= fkd,eh
hq;= njg we;s whs;sjdislu u.ska wjia:d yslr
.ekSu i|yd iu whs;sjdislu o j;udk wdKavql%u
jHjia:dj fuka fkdj tu iu wjia:d ys lr
.ekSu inkaOfhka jk whs;sjdislu kS;suh
neula we;slrjk whs;sjdislula jYfhka kj
jHjia:dj u.ska ms<s.; hq;= njg;a ia;S%ka iska
fmkajd ks' ia;S%ka fj; we;s wdl" iudc" is,a
iy foaYmd,k whs;sjdisl inkaOfhka we;s
rdcH j.lSu ;yjqre lrjk m iu wjia:d uQ,sl
whs;sjdisl mfofha wod, j.ka;s ;=< we;=,;a
h hq;=h' tfiau lKavdh jYfhka f.dkq
isk ia;S%ka orejka wn,;d iys; ;eke;a;ka iy
fjk;a iq;r lKavdh tlu ksia fldGdYhla
jYfhka fkdie,lsh hq;= w;r tjeks tla tla
lKavdh i|ydu fYaIs; jQ wjYH;d mej;Su
ie,ls,a,g .; hq;=h' wdKavql%u jHjia:dj hkq
W;a;;r kS;sh nj;a Tjqkaf.a wkkH;djh iy
whs;sh jHjia:dj ;=<ska ksrEmkh jk njg;a
ye.Sula iEu fokdgu ;sh hq;=h' fuh uyck
;hg b;du jeo.;a h'
tfiau kS;sh bfha iEu ;eke;af;l=u iudk
nj;a kS;sfhka wdrlaIdj ,eug fukau kS;sfha
m%;s,dN ,eug;a tl yd iudk whs;sjdislula
iEu ;eke;af;l=gu we;s nj jHjia:dj u.ska
iy;sl l< hq;= nj;a ia;S%kaf.a wjOdrKh h'
rch iska ia;S%kaf.a ;;ajdkqrEm iudk;ajh
(factor equality) ,ndu fjkqfjka wjYH ksYA;
Odk ls%hd;aul lsu Ndr .; hq;=h' tjeks
Odk wdKavql%u jHjia:df Odk u.ska
fjkia f,i ie,lSug ,la fkdl< hq;=h' ia;S%ka
flfrys jk udkj .re;ajhg iqnidOkhg fyda
wNs,dIhkag tfrys jk kS;s ixialD;Ska is;a fyda
im%odhhka ;yk l< hq;=h'
wlrKfha iajdk;ajh iy wksl=;a kS;suh
wdh;k
ksiqrejreka inkaOfhka jk kh md,kh iy
ksiqrejreka bj;a lsug wod,j we;s Odk
o we;=j j;udk wdKavql%u jHjia:df
we;s wlrKfha iajdk;ajh wdrlaId lsu
inkaOfhka we;s Odk Yla;su;a l< hq;=

nj ia;S%kaf.a woyihs' wlrKfha .re;ajh iy

ta flfrys we;s YAjdih kej; ia:dmkh lsu
i|yd jHjia:duh m%;sixialrKhkag jvd bhg
.sh ls%hd ud. wjYH jk nj o wms woyia lruq'
fndfyda ia;S% lKavdh ia;S%ka g tfrys jQ m%pKav
ls%hd ms<sn| isoakag wod,j lghq;= lrk wh fj;s'
Tjqkaf.a woyi jkafka kS;sm;s fomd;fka;=j
o ish uyck YAjdih iy ldhlaIu;djh /l
.ekSu fjkqfjka lghq;= l< hq;= njhs' Tjqka
;jrg;a m%ldY lr isfha jHjia:d frda
kS;s iy ls%hdud. wdrlaId lsu fjkqfjka
fmkS iskjd fjkqjg jHjia:d jrKh lsu
flfrys jvd;a ls%hdYS,Sj uey;aula lsug
kS;sm;s fomd;fka;=j iska lghq;= l< hq;=
njhs' uyck;djf.a;a wdKavql%u jHjia:df;a
W;a;;rNdjh
wdrlaId
lsu
fjkqfjka
ldhNdrhla bgq lsug kS;sm;s fomd;fka;=j
lghq;= l< hq;= njhs'
fuu wdh;khkaf.a iajdk;ajh ;yjqrej ;sh
hq;=h yye ls%hd;aul jk nj ;yjqrej mej;sh
hq;=h' jHjia:d ms<sn| wlrK uYkh wksl=;a
wdldrfha ixjrK iy ;=,k Odk ;=< o
mej;sh hq;=h' uyck wdrlaIdj ms<sn| l%ufoh
;=< ksYa; Odk ;sh hq;= w;r miq.sh ld,fha
is jQ wdldrhg udifhka udihg wdrlaIdj
ms<sn| kS;suh Odk mekf yelshdjla wmg
fkd;ssh hq;=h'
tfiau ;ukag fmd,sish fj; f.dia wmrdO
ms<sn|j meKs,s lsug;a wlrKh fj;
bm;a ug;a idlaIslrejka f,i fmkS isug;a
fjk;a kEu wdldrhl kS;suh ls%hdud.hkag
iyNd.Sug;a iu wjia:dj ys h hq;= nj o
ia;S%yq wjOdrKh lr is;s'
iajdk fldIka iNd
ia;S%ka inkaOfhka we;s oekg mj;sk kS;s iy
m%;sm;a;s ls%hd;aul lsf b;sydih foi n,k g
tys we;af;a wiudk;djhla iy wu;aNdjhla
jk w;r wl;r jQ foaYmd,kSlrKh fya;=fjka
o ia;S% whs;sjdisl iy ia;S% mqreIiudcNdfha
hdka;%K ms<sn| we;s b;d wvq .=Kd;aul oekqu
iy wjfndaOh fya;=fjka ukd inkalrKhla
o fkdh' ia;%shg tfrys fjkia f,i ie,lSf
ft;sydisl iy jHqyd;aul iajNdjh o uyck
iy mqoa.,sl ;h ;=< .; lrk O lafIa;%
wrNhd m%udKd;aul iy yrhd;aul iudk;ajhla
fkd;su o hk ldrKd inkaOfhka ls%hd lsug
yelsjk wdldrhg cd;sl ugka ls%hd;aul jk
iajdk ia;S% fldIka iNdjla we;s l< hq;=j we;'
fuu fldIka iNdj iska wlaIKh" uYkh
10

lsu" Nd. lsu" ia;S% mqreI iudcNdjh ms<sn|

iy kS;sh iy Nd;djka u.ska ia;s%hg tfrys
fjkia f,i i,lkq ,e ms<sn|j mfhaIK
meje;aug;a foaYmd,k lafIa;%h o we;=j O
lafIa;%j, ia;S% whs;sjdisl W,a,x>Kh ls
ms<sn|j wlaIKh lsug;a cd;Hka;r kS;suh
iu;hkag wkql+,j foaYSh kS;s moaO;Ska iy
Nd;djka ;=< is l< hq;= fjkia ls ksfoaY
lsug;a n,;, ;sh hq;=h' fldIka iNdjg m;a
ls iy bj;a ls wdKavql%u jHjia:dj hgf;a
we;s wksl=;a iajdk fldIka jk udkj ysl
ms<sn| fldIka iNdj ue;sjrK fldIka iNdj"
iy fmd,sia fldIka iNdj jeks fldIka
iNdjkag wod, Odkhka u fuu ia;S% fldIka
iNdjg o mej;sh hq;=h'
ia;S% fldIka iNdj wdKavql%u jHjia:dj u.ska
ms<s.; hq;= njg ia;S%yQ wjOdrKh lr is;s' tfiau
iEu iajdk fldIka iNdjlu idudlhkaf.ka
;=fkka tlla jk wjuhla wksjdfhkau ia;S%
ksfhdackh i|yd fjka l< hq;= nj;a tu.ska ;SrK
.ekSf ls%hdj,shg ia;S% iyNd.s;ajh iy;sl l<
yels jkq we;s nj;a wmf.a woyihs'
m%;sckkSh ls%hd
(Affirmative Action - wvq jrm%ido ,;a msia fjkqfjka .kq
,nk iykYS,S mshjrhka&

fjkia f,i i,lkq ,eu hk ldrKh

inkaOfhka jvd;a mq,a wdldrfhka lghq;=
lsug yelsjk m;a foaYmd,kh we;= wksl=;a
lafIa;% ;=< ft;sydisl jYfhka isj we;s fjkia
f,i ie,lS o wrNhd lghq;= lsu msKsi
iykYS,S ls%hd mej;sh hq;= njg ia;S%yQ b,a,d
isfhdah' iykYS,S mshjrhka inkaOfhka rdcH
j.lSula we;s nj;a ta inkaOfhka mj;sk n,h
wNsu;dkqid n,hla fkdh hq;= nj;a ia;S%kaf.a
woyi h' tfiau w;S;fha isj we;s fjkia f,i
ie,lSf ;;a;ajhka ksjer lr .ekSu i|yd rdcH
j.lSula we;s nj;a ta i|yd Odk jHjia:dj
;=<u .eh hq;= nj;a ia;S%yQ wjOdrKh lr is;s'
ue;sjrK m%;sixialrK
flaj, uka;S% Pkaoodhl fldGdY l%ufha iy
iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%ufha we;s fyd|u
,laIK ixfhda. lr ue;sjrK l%uhla ilia lsu
inkaOfhka jQ fhdackdj idlPd lsu i|yd
ia;S% lKavdh o inkaOj isfhah' md,sfka;=
ksfhdackh ;=< ksfhdackh tla tla mlaI iska
,nd .kakd Pkao ixLHdjg iudkqmd;slj h hq;=
nj iy;sl lsu fuys woyi h' tu.ska ,nd.;a
Pkao ixLHdj iy ,e we;s wdik ixLHdj w;r

fkd.e,mSula we;su j<lajd .ekSu wfmalaIdj

h' ia;S%kaf.a woyi jQfha w;S;fha ls%hd;aul jQ
flaj, uka;S% Pkaoodhl fldGdY l%uh u.ska fyda
j;udk iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%uh u.ska fyda
ia;S%ka fjkqfjka iydhla fkdjQ njhs' tfia kuq;a
iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%ufha cd;Hka;r w;aoelSu
wkqj tu.ska ia;S%kaf.a ksfhdackh je lsu i|yd
wkqn,hla ,nd we;s njg ia;S%yq oekqj;aj ishy'
kuq;a fuh ,xldj inkaOfhka tfia ke;'
fya;=j we;af;a ia;S%ka fnfydag b;d wl
ck.yKhla we;s Yd, ue;sjrK ia;s%lal i|yd
;r. lsf Tjqkag ;ukaf.au mlaIj, wksl=;a
;r.lrejka iuu ;r jeug isu h' ia;S%ka
i|yd fjkajQ ixjD; ,ehsia;= l%uhla j;udk
ue;sjrK l%uh ;=< ke;' tu ksid Y% ue;sjrK
l%uhlg ia;S% lKavdh wkq.%yh olajk w;r ta
i|yd j. foflau we;s fyd|u ,laIK we;=,;a
lr ksfhdack l%uhla ilia lrk f,i Tjqyq
fhdackd lr;s'
iEufokdu wdjrKh jk m iy ia;S% ksfhdackh
iy;sl jk m m%;sckkSh ls%hd tjeks Y%
ue;sjrK l%uhla ;=< mej;sh hq;= njg ia;S%yQ
l,amkd lr;s' fYAIfhkau ol=Kq wdishdf
md,sfka;= ;=< wvqu ia;S% ksfhdackhla mj;skafka
YS% ,xld jHjia:dodhlfha u hk ldrKh i,ld
n,k g th b;d jeo.;a woyila fia ie,lsh
hq;=h' tfiau mlaI udre lsu je,elau i|yd
jk Odk fukau uka;S%jrekag ie,lsh hq;=
iajdk;ajhla wdrlaId lr .ekSug o yels jk
Odk o wka;.; h hq;=h'
wdKavql%u jHjia:d m%;sixialrK ls%hdoduh
wdrNug fmr 2015 uq,a wjfha wdKavql%u
jHjia:df 20 jeks ixfYdaOkh jYfhka
ue;sjrK l%uh fjkia lsf ixfYdaOkhla
bm;a lsug fhdackd ;snqKs' tys fhdackd
;snQ Y% ue;sjrK l%uh imQKfhkau jer
iy.; jQjla h' tu.ska Yd, foaYmd,k mlaIj,
;;a;ajh ;jrg;a ;yjqre lr .ekSug u. mdok
iy l=vd mlaIj,g ydksodhl jk ;;a;ajhla
Wodug wjia:dj i,id ;snqks' tjeks ;;a;ajhla
;=< ia;S%kaf.a W!K ksfhdackhg ms<sh fyda ta
i|yd je bvla i,ik wjia:d fyda fkdh'
tys fhdackd ;snQ b;d ixlSK l%uh wjfndaO
lr .ekSug o b;d Ialr jQ w;r t ksidu th
m%;slafIam lsug is h'
Y% ue;sjrK l%uhla i|yd m%;sixialrK we;s
lrk f,i lrk idlPdf ia;S%kaf.a b,a,Su
jQfha md,sfka;=j m<d;a iNd iy m<d;a md,k
wdh;k ;=< wju ishhg 30 l ksfhdackhla
ia;S%ka i|yd bvm%ia:d i,ik f,ihs' tu.ska
ia;S%kaf.a n,mEu ;SrKd;aul jYfhka Yd, jk

w;r Tjqkaf.a y~ ;SrK .ekSf ls%hdj,sfha

ie,ls,a,g .ekSug is jkq we;' ta ksid fldagd
fjka lsu inkaOfhka o wksjdh k ls
inkaOfhka o fndakia ,ehsia;= ilia lsu
inkaOfhka o m%;sckkSh ls%hd mej;sh hq;= njg
ia;S%yQ b,a,d ishy'
jHjia:d inkaOfhka wlrK uYkh
wdKavql%u jHjia:df 16 jeks jHjia:df olajd
we;af;a oekgu;a n,d;aulj mj;skakd jQ ish
,s; iy w,s; kS;s wdKavql%u jHjia:df
uQ,sl whs;sjdisl ms<sn| Odk iu
fkd.e,fmkafka jqjo tajd j,x.= f,i ms<s.;
hq;= njhs'
YS% ,xld wdKavql%u jHjia:dj u.ska foaYfha fjfik
ish jd.sl iy wd.l m%cd lKavdhj,g
;ukag wNsu; m ;u wd.ug iy m%cdjg wod,
is;a iy Nd;d lsf ksoyi yslr ;su
we.ehsh hq;= lreKls' kuq;a fuu m%;smdokh
ia;S%ka flfrys widOdrK f,i n,mdk whqka
kS;s fhdod .ekSug bv i,id we;s nj i|yka
l< hq;=h' tfyhska wdKavql%u jHjia:df 16 jeks
jHjia:dj wj,x.= lr bj;a l< hq;= njg;a ta
fjkqjg wdKavql%u jHjia:df W;a;;rNdjh
wdrlaId lrkq ,nk m%;smdok we;=,;a l< hq;=
njg;a ia;S%yQ lshd ishy'
Bg wu;rj md,sfka;=jg mk;a flgqm;la
bm;a l< miqj ta inkaOfhka wOHhkh
lsug iy ixfYdaOk bm;a lsug ,nd we;af;a
i;s 3 l ld,hla muKs' kS;sh iu; l< miqj
Bg wNsfhda. lsf yelshdjla ke;' kuq;a ld,
iSudjlska f;drj mj;sk kS;shlg wNsfhda. lsf
yelshdjla ,nd h hq;= hehs ia;S%yQ woyia lr;s'
tfiau ia;s%hg fjkiafldg ie,lSug bv i,ik
Odk iy bv ixjOk wd{d mk; Wreu iy
kv;a;= mk; jeks mqoa., kS;s" .idj idmrd
jrola fia i,lkq ,nk kS;s" iu,sx.sl;ajh
iy whd, wd{d mk;" jeks fjkia f,i i,lkq
,eug bv i,ik kS;s wj,x.= l< hq;= hehs
ia;S%yq woyia lr;s'
ta wkqj wlrK uYkh inkaOfhka mq,a
n,;, ,nd h hq;= hehs b,a,d isug wu;rj oekg
n,d;aul jk iEu kS;shla ms<sn|ju uYkh
lr kj jHjia:djg wkql+<oehs uYkh lsu
i|yd jk rdcH j.lSu jHjia:dj u.ska iy;sl
lr h hq;= hehs ia;S%yQ b,a,d is;s'
tfiau kj wdKavql%u jHjia:dj iy whs;sjdisl
mk; iu; fuka jI 2 ld,hla we;=,;
wdKavql%u
jHjia:dlrKh
u.ska
fyda
11

md,sfka;=j u.ska uYkh lr jHjia:d iy

mk; u.ska iy;sl lr we;s whs;sjdisl j,g
wkkql+, ,s; iy w,s; kS;s uiqug ,la lr
tu kS;sj, wkql+,Ndjh iy;sl l< hq;= hehs o
ia;S%yQ b,a,d ishy'
tfiau md,sfka;=j" m<d;a iNd iy m<d;a
md,k wdh;k u.ska mkjkq ,nk iEu kS;shlau
uYkh lsf wlrK n,h jHjia:dlrKhg
,ndh hq;=h'
n,h uOH.; lsu
n,h fnod .ekSu ms<sn|j idlPd lrk
wmf.a fndfyda ia;S%yQ tu ldrKdj ckjd.sl
.egj if u.la jYfhka muKla l,amkd
fkdl<y' n,h fnod .ekSu hkq m%cd;ka;%jdofha
iy m%cd;ka;S%hlrKh ;jrg;a Yla;sula lsf
;SrKd;aul ixrplhla jYfhkq;a TjqyQ gqfjdah'
n,h uOH.; lsu hkq iEu ugulu ;SrK
.ekSf wjia:djg imj ck;dj ish hq;af;a
flfiao hkak ms<sn| m%Yakhla nj;a ta i|yd
n,h uOH.; lsu fkdj mjdrh fj; fnodu
is h hq;= nj;a TjqyQ lshd ishy' tfia jqj;a
n,h fnodyeu inkaOfhka jk jHjia:duh
m%;sixialrK w:dka; h hq;= nj;a .=ld,Sk
jYfhka mej;s iq ck foaYmd,k .eg
ifuys,d iqiq u.la jYfhka tu Odk
ia:dms; h hq;= nj;a ia;S%kag wjfndaOh ;snqKs' iq
ck fldgia iska fYAIfhkau o< iy uqia,s
ck fldgia iska ld,dka;rhla mqrd uqyqK fok
fjkiafldg ie,lSf mSvdjkag ms<sh fiu
i|yd u.la jYfhka n,h fnodyeu is h hq;=
h hk ldrKfha h h lafIa;% inkaOfhka
jvd;a mq,a f,i n,h fnod yeh hq;= nj;a tjeks
.eg mj;sk m%foaYhkays ia;S%ka iska lshd isk ,'
ksoyiska miq hq.h ;=< isxy, fn!oaO nyq;rjdoh
ia:dms;u iy jd.sl-wd.l cd;sl;ajh ish
ck fldgia w;r biau;=u hk miqu ;=< fuu
n,h fnod yef ldrKh ie,ls,a,g .; hq;=j
we;' ia;S%ka mjikafka fuu rg" tys N+h ;=<
jdih lrk iEu ck fldgilgu wh;a nj
jHjia:dj u.skau ms<s.; hq;= nj;a ish fokdgu
idufhka iy iusfhka j;aug whs;sjdislula
we;s nj;a h' O m%cdjka inkaOfhka iajhx
.re;ajh o rfgys mj;akd ckjd.sl O;ajh
iy nyq;ajjd ,laIK o YS% ,dxlsl wkkH;djhla
f.dvkexf ie,ls,a,g .; hq;= nj;a mqoa.,sl
wkkH;djhka flfrys .re l< hq;= nj;a h'

12

wdKavql%u jHjia:d ixfYdaOkh i|yd jk uyck

woyia uiSf lgqj
by; lgqj ish jd;df i|yka lr we;af;a
ia;%S ixOdk iska jHjia:df iEu lafIa;%hla u
wdjrKh jk m lreKq oela jQ njhs' Tjqka i|yka
lrkafka whs;sjdisl u; mok jQ jHjia:djlska
tys W;a;;rNdjh iy;sl flfrk w;r ia;%S
whs;sjdisl wdrlaId lsug;a fjkia f,i
i,lk wjia:djka ys ffk;sl mshjr .ekSug;a
yelsjk njhs' iuia;hla jYfhka .;a l< ia;%Ska
fmkS isfha" rdcH ;ka;%fha m%cd;ka;S%hlrKh"
iduh" m%;sixOdkh" fjkia f,i fkdie,lSu"
iudk wjia:d iy iudk;ajh o we;=j ishu
wdldrfhka m%pKav;ajh ^foaYmd,k fukau
.Dyia:& yd .egq" nyqO wdldrfhka ia;%Skag
n,mdk nj fmkajd ughs' ia;%S .Dy uQ,slhska"
jekaoUqjka"
m%pKav;ajhg
f.drejQjka"
w;=reoyka$jOj,g ,lajQjka f.a kEoEhska
wdka lgqj bhg meK ;snqfKa Tjqkaf.a
w;aoelS fnod yod .ekSug fukau u;=jg fujeks
foa is fkdjk wdldrfha hdka;%Khla wdKavql%u
jHjia:djg we;=,;a lrk f,i b,a,d isug h'
Tjqkaf.a la.ek,s j,g m%;spdr oelau fukau
wod, mshjr .ekSu o Tjqyq wfmalaId lf<dah'
fmdf rf iEu fldgilska u meKs ia;%Ska
b,a,d isfha YS% ,xldj nyq ixialD;sl" nyq
wd.l rgla f,i ms<s.kakd f,ihs' rdcHfha
iajNdjh iy n,h meju inkaOfhka O u;
;snqK;a ta ish,a,u hka oelsh yels f;audjka
jQfha iudk;ajh yd fjkia f,i ie,lSug
reoaO;ajhhs' foaYmd,k wdh;k yd wksl=;a
;SrK .kakd wdh;kj, ia;%S ksfhdackh je
lsu iy;sl lsug fYAI mshjr .; hq;= nj
TjqyQ tlfy<d u lshd ishy'
ia;%S lKavdh b,a,d is ;j;a lreKla
k wdKavql%u jHjia:df NdIdj ia;%S mqreI
iudcNdjhg ixf h hq;= nj;a wdKavql%u
jHjia:dj iudk wjia:d NdIdjla(equal opportunity
language) fhdod.; hq;= nj;a h' f ksid jHjia:d
flgqm;a lgqj wdKavql%u jHjia:d imdokfha
fhdod .kakd NdIdj inkaOfhka ia;%S mqreI
iudcNdjhg ixf fYaI{hkaf.ka Wmfoia
.; hq;= hehs wms fhdackd lruq'
my; fldgig mok j we;af;a O ia;%S
lKavdh iska bm;a lrk ,o woyia jk w;r
fYAIfhkau tajd ia;%Skaf.a uQ,sl whs;sjdisl
ms<snoj f' ia;%S lKavdh fjk;a lreKq .ek
oela jQ woyia wod, fldgiaj, idlPd lr we;'

whs;sjdisl mk; ;=<g ia;S%ka inkaOfhka

fYaI fldgila we;=,;a l< hq;= njg;a ia;S%kaf.a
uQ,sl whs;sjdisl hkakg my; i|yka ldrKd
we;=,;a h hq;= njg;a uyck woyia uiSf
lgqj iska fhdackd lr we;'
ia;S%kaf.a uQ,sl whs;sjdisl
ia;S%kag fjkia f,i i,lkq ish
kS;s$m%;smdok wj,x.= lsu
mskag iy ia;S%kag iudk whs;Ska ;sh hq;=h'
fYaIfhka u mjq, k jQ mqoa.,sl lafIa;%fha
fukau mq,a iudcfha o kS;sfhka yd
Nd;dfjka iudkd;au;djh ;yjqre l< hq;=h'
iudk jkdlula we;s jev i|yd iudk jegqma
,nd .ekSf whs;sh ia;S%kag ;sf'
ia;S%kag iah;ajh iy ;u Yrh md,kh
lr.ekSug whs;shla ;sf'
ysxidfjka f;drj wNsudkfhka j;a f
whs;sh ia;S%kag ;sf'
;ukag wjYH /lshd fidhd .ekSug;a
jfkdamdh yd f;khlg;a ia;S%kag whs;shla
;sf'
wdydr iqrlaIs;;djh iy wdydr iajdk;ajhg
ia;S%kag whs;sh ;sf'
iudc wdrlaIKh" ksjdi" wOHdmkh yd fi!LH
wdhg ia;S%kag whs;sh ;sf'
ksfhdackh iy ;SrK .ekSf iudk whs;shla
ia;S%kag ;sf'
mqoa.,sl yd fmd ia:dkj, ysxidj" jO"
wjuka iy.; l=re yd wudkqIsl ie,lS
j,ska ksoyiaf whs;shla ia;S%kag ;sf'
by; oela jQ fYAIs; ksfoaYj,g wu;rj ia;%S
lKavdh j,ska ,enqKq woyia u; mok j my;
oelafjk fhdackd bm;a lruq(
wdKavql%u jHjia:df NdIdj ,sx.sl jYfhka
wmlaImd;S h hq;=h' wdKavql%u jHjia:df
NdIdj ms<snoj jHjia:d flgqm;a lgqj
ia;%S mqreI iudcNdjhg ixf
fYAI{fhl=f.a Wmfoia ,nd .; hq;=h'
flgqm;a lgqjg Wmfoia ug
ia;%S mqreI iudcNdjhg ixf fYAI{hkaf.a
lgqjla m;a l< hq;=h' jHjia:d imdok
uKav,fha ia;%S ksfhdackh b;d my, jk
w;r Wm lgq i|yd lsis uka;S%jhla k
lr ke;s neka fuh b;d jeo.;a f'
ia;%Ska i|yd iajdk fldiula m;a l<
hq;=h'

uQ,sl whs;sjdisl ms<sno Wm lgqj fj; bm;a

l< lreKq oela
fl ld, iSudjla ;=< jQj;a uyck woyia
uiSf lgqj iska ish woyia uiSf ldhh
ksud lsf ,s; iy jdl lreKq oela
4000 lg wl m%udKhl lreKq f.dkqlr .ekSu
iy .%y lr .ekSu is lr ksfoaY o bm;a
lsug lghq;= lr we;' fuu ksfoaY md,sfka;=
jHjia:dodhl lgqj iska wOHhkh lr kj
jHjia:d flgqm; ms<sn| lreKq olajkq we;'
jHjia:dodhl iNdj iska uQ,sl whs;sjdisl"
wlrKh" kS;sh iy iduh uOH iy mjdrfha
inkaO;djh" rdcH uQ,H iy rdcHfha iajNdjh
hk Ih ldrKd ms<sn|j fjka fjkaj lghq;=
lsu i|yd Wm lgq yhla m;a lr we;' wdKavql%u
jHjia:d m%;sixialrK ms<sn| fufyhq lgqf
iNdm;s;ajh orkafka w.%dud;H rks,a l%uisxy
uy;d iska jk w;r fuu lgqj iska jHjia:dj
flgqm;a lsf ls%hdj,sh o wlaIKh lrkq
we;' fuu ishu Wm lgqj,g iEu mlaIhla u
ksfhdackh jk fia m;a ls lr we;'
tfia jqjo uyck woyia uiSf lgqj fuka
fuu flgqm;a lsf ls%hdj,sh jD; ls%hdj,shla
fkdf' uQ,sl whs;sjdisl ms<sn| wkqlgqj
iu. idlPdjla meje;aug ia;%S lKavdhj,g
wjia:djla ,e ;snqKs'
Wm lgqj fj; ,s; lreKq oela bm;a
lsug wu;rj uQ,sl whs;sjdisl ms<sn|
mfohg iudc wdl whs;sjdisl we;=,;a
lsu ms<sn|j;a yrhd;aul iudkd;au;djh
meye,s jk m iudkd;au;djh ms<sn| mmQK
ksjpkhla we;=,;a lr .ekSu ms<sn|j;a jk
.eg ia;%S lKavdh iska fuu Wm lgqfjka
uid isk ,'
iudc wdl whs;sjdisl wdKavql%u jHjia:djg
we;=,;a lr .ekSfuka rchg w;sYd, uQ,Huh
msjehla oeug isu ksid tu whs;sjdisl
ms<s.ekSf Ialr;djhla we;s h yels njg Wm
lgqj iska k.k ,o m%Yakhg ms<s;=re jYfhka
wm iska fmkajd fokq ,enQfha wm oekgu;a
ksoyia wOHdmkh iy ksoyia ffjoH fiajh
mru whs;shla fia N=la;s |sk njhs' uyck;djg
fmd myiql ,nd .ekSf yelshdjla ;sh hq;=
nj;a tu.ska iudk whs;sjdisl yslr .ekSug
wjia:djla ie,fik nj;a wms fmkajd kafkuq'
fuh b;d jeo.;a h' uQ,sl fiajdjka iemhSu
inkaOfhka rchg we;s j.lSu ms<sn|j rcfhka
lreKq uiSf n,hla wmg ;sh hq;=h' tu.ska
uyck uqo,a uyck iqNidOkh i|yd fhdojkq
13

,nk wdldrh ms<snoj jvd;a ie,ls,su;a

uyck;djf.a wdl whs;sjdisl imqrd.;
yelsjk m lghq;= lrjkq msKsi rch j.lSug
,la lsug wmg wjYH jkq we;'
iudkd;au;djh inkaOfhka jvd;a mq,a jQ
ksjpkhla iemhSf jeo.;alu flfrys wms
Yajdih ;nk nj wms lshd isfhuq' ft;sydisl
jYfhka mj;sk fjkia f,i ie,lSf ;;a;ajhka
inkaOfhka lghq;= l< yels jk m u;a
iy yrhd;aul iudk;ajh b;d meye,s w:hlska
ms<s.kq ,eh hq;=h'
NdIdj
ms<snoj
lefkahdkq
whs;sjdisl
m%{ma;sfha 15^1& j.ka;shg wkql+,j lghq;= lrk
fuka wms Wm lgqj fj; fhdackd lr isfhuq(
^15(1& tfiau kS;sh bfha iEu ;eke;af;l=u
iudk jk w;r iEu ;eke;af;l=gu ck
j.h" jKh" wd.u" ,sx.Ndjh" jhi" udkisl
fyda Ydl wn,;d hkd lsis` fjkialulg
Ndckh fkd kS;sfhka wdrlaIdj ,eug
fukau kS;sfha m%;s,dN ,eug;a tl yd iudk
whs;sjdislula we;af;a h'
fuu ,ehsia;=jg we;=,;a h hq;= ldrKd ;jrg;a
jHdma; lrka w;sfl j.ka;shla we;=,;a lr Bg
l=,h" wdl ;;a;ajh" ,sx.sl keUqre;djh" fyda
,sx.sl fyda ia;S% mqreI iudcNdjh ms<sn| wkkH;d
hk ;;a;ajhka o wdjrKh l< yels jkq we;'
yrhd;aul iudk;ajh hk ixl,amh wmf.a
wjidk b,lalh jYfhka mj;skafka k
j;udkfha mj;sk iudk wdrlaIdj ie,iSu
ms<sn| j.ka;Skaf.a iSudjka blaujd hdu w;sYh
jeo.;a jk nj wmf.a yeSu h' iudk wdrlaIdj
ie,iSu u.ska fmkajd fokafka u;a iudk;ajh
fyda ls%hdj,Ska ^WodyrK jYfhka olajf;d;a kS;s
m%;sixialrK u.ska iudk;ajh& iudk m%;s,dN
u.ska woyia jkafka wjia:djka iy m%;sM, ms<sn|
iudk;ajhls' th u;a iudk;ajh fkdj
yrhd;aul iudk;ajh f.k fokq ,nkakls'
m%;sckkSh ls%hd i|yd tjeks ;;a;ajhla mej;Su
b;d ;SrKd;aul jYfhka jeo.;a jkakls' tu.ska
iudk;ajh hkak inkaOfhka jvd;a mmQK
w:hlska is;d ne,Sug wmg yels jkq we;' Bg
wu;rj wvqjrm%id; lKavdh jeks msia fuu
iudk;ajfha wdrlaIdj hk Odkh u.ska
neyer fkdjk wdldrhg iu; Odk ;sh
hq;= hehs wms i|yka lruq'
tfiau ia;S%kag iqfYAI jQ fjkia f,i ie,lSf
iajrEmhka mej;Su ykd.; hq;= hehs o wms b,a,d
isfhuq'
14

whs;sjdisl ms<sn| mk; hgf;a ia;S%kaf.a uQ,sl

whs;sjdisl ms<sn| fjku jQ mfohla we;=,;a
lrk f,i lgq jd;df i|yka lr ke;s w;r
ia;s%h fYAIs; lr we;s fjkia f,i ie,lSf
;;a;ajhka inkaOfhka lghq;= lsu msKsi wm
W;aidy lsu jeo.;a jkafka h' f ms<sn|j ia;S%ka
iska uyck woyia uiSf lgqf o m%Yak
l< nj i|yka l< hq;=h' f inkaOfhka 2009
fnd,Shdkq wdKavql%u jHjia:df 1 jeks YSIfha
yh jeks jHjia:df fiajd kshqla;sh inkaOfhka
olajd we;s Odk flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lsu
iqiqh(
zzia;S%kag tfrysj fjkia f,i i,lkq ,eu
is fkdl< hq;af;ah' Tjqkaf.a is,a ;;a;ajh
fya;=fjka fyda .NKSNdjh fya;=fjka fyda
jhi fya;=fjka fyda Ydl iajNdjh fya;=fjka
fyda Tjqkag we;s orejka ixLHdj fya;=fjka fyda
fjkia f,i i,lkq fkd,eh hq;=h' orejdf.a
jhi wjqre tlla imQK jk;=re .NKS ujla
fyda orejdf.a foudmshka /lshdfjka fkrmd yeu
fkdl< hq;=h'
tfiau ia;S%kaf.a uQ,sl whs;sjdisl inkaOfhka
lgq jd;df i|yka ksfoaY ms<sn|j wms wmf.a
iyfhda.h olajd isfhuq'
2016 wf.daia;= 16 k w.%dud;H ldhd,fha
ksfhdacH ldh uKav, m%OdkS frdais fiakdkdhl
uy;ah iy kd.l ie,iq iy c, imdok
wud;H iy jHjia:dodhl iNdf ksfhdacH
iNdm;sksh jk ffjoH iqoYkS m%kdkamq,af,a
hk fofokdf.a m%uqL;ajfhka wdrN lrk ,o
ldka;d md,sfka;= uka;S%jhka iyNd.s jk
iNdjla i|yd ia;%S is,a ixOdk .Kkdjla o
inkaO h' tys wruqK jQfha uQ,sl whs;sjdisl
inkaOfhka lghq;= lrk Wm lgqj fj; ia;S%
whs;sjdisl wdKavql%u jHjia:dfjka Yla;su;a
lsu ms<sn|j lreKq oelau i|yd mshjr .ekSu
h' fuys imdokh lrk ,o f,aLkh u.ska
ia;S%ka iy ia;%S mqreI iudcNdjh u; mok jQ
whs;sjdisl iy wdrlaIdj jHjia:dj ;=<ska
ksrEmkh h hq;=h hk ldrKh biau;= lr olajk
,' fuys bm;a lrk ,o fhdackd m%;sm;a;suh
iajrEmfhka iy ksfoaY iajrEmfhka jQ w;r tu
fhdackd ia;S% mqreI iudcNdjh ms<sn| fYaI{
woyia o tla jQ idlPdjkaf.ka biau;= lr .;a
ldrKd ms<sUq lf<ah' fuu fhdackd ie,lsh hq;=
m%udKhla uyck woyia uiSf lgqj fj;
bm;a lrk ,o lreKq oela u; mok j
we; lgqj fj; bm;a lrk ,o lreKq oela
fuu jd;djg hd fldg we;'

b u.
fuu wdKavql%u jHjia:d imdok ls%hdj,sh
inkaOfhka wmg we;s b;du jeo.;au jQ ldrKh
k uyck woyia uiSf lgqj fj; f.dia
lreKq oelaug ia;S%ka iska olajk ,o w;sYh
WfoHda.su;aNdjhhs' uyck;dj w;r;a ia;%Ska ;=<;a
meje;s Wkkaj iy foaYmd,ksl l%shdld;ajh
fuu.ska ukdj ksrEmkh h' ish wdldr
iyNd.s;ajh iy bm;a lrk ,o kj woyia
foaYmd,k mlaI iy md,sfka;= uka;S%jreka
iska nrm;, f,i ie,ls,a,g .; hq;= hehs
wms l,amkd lruq' fuu jHjia:d m%;sixialrK
ls%hdj,sh fjkqfjka foaYmd,ksl lemula ;sh
hq;= nj;a uyck;djf.a woyia u; mok jQ lgq
ksfoaY inkaOfhka foaYmd,k mlaI iska
nrm;, wdldrfhka l,amkd lr bhg f.k
hd hq;= nj;a tu.ska jvd;a hym;a b oelaula
we;s flgqm;la ilia lsug ie,ls,su;ah hq;=
nj;a wms m%ldY lr isuq' md,sfka;= uka;S%jreka
iska fuu jd;dj ie,ls,af,ka hq;=j wOHhkh
l< hq;=j we;' jHjia:dodhl iNdj iska 2$3
l nyq;rhlska fuu jd;dj iu; lr .;
hq;=h' jvd;a jeo.;a jkafka Tjqka iska f
inkaOfhka uyck l;sldjla ksudKh lsuh'
wjidkfha jHjia:df flgqm; cku;
pdrKhl uyck;dj bfha ;nkq ,nk neka
thg mlaIj iEu mqrjeishl=g u Pkaoh Nd;d
lsug wjia:dj ie,ish hq;=j we;' tfiau udOH
iska fuu ldhh iy ls%hdj,sh i|yd m%udKj;a
iy Okd;aul m%pdrKhla ,nd fokq we;ehs o wms
n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjuq' jvd;a m%.;sYS,S kQ;k iy
wkd.;jd wdKavql%u jHjia:djla wmg ksudKh
lr .ekSug tu.ska yels jkq we;'
l=uqkS ieuqfj,a

15

fhdackd bm;a lsf by, ugul ;snQ

ia;%Skaf.a iyNd.s;ajh

xldf
fujkg
isfjka
mj;sk
jHjia:d m%;sixialrK l%shdj,sh iy thg
inkaO ixjdoh ;=< lemS fmfkk ,CIKhla
we;af;a ldka;d iyNd.s;ajhhs' fYaIfhkau
kj jHjia:dj ms<sn| uyck woyia ,nd .ekSf
lgqj fj; ldka;dfjda iEfyk m%udKhla ;u
woyia iy fhdackd bm;a l<y' tu lgqf
jd;dj bm;a lsug miqj;a" fuu l%shdj,sh
foi ldka;djka Wkkafjka n,d isk nj wmg
ksCIKh l< yel'
ldka;djka iska bm;a lrk ,o fhdackd u.ska
fndfydag iduh" ixyshdj fukau wdl"
idudh iy ixialD;sl whs;sjdisl biau;= lrk
,' ;jo" foaYmd,k iy ue;sjrK l%uh ;=< ldka;d
iyNd.s;ajh hqKq l< yels fhdackd Tjqyq bm;a
l<y' WodyrK f,iska ldka;d ksfhdackh i|yd
fYaI mx.= l%uhla" (Quota System) ue;sjrK
l%uh ;=< wl hou iy m%pKav;ajh md,kh
lsu i|yd kS;s hkdh inkaOfhka Tjqka iska
fhdackd bm;a lrk , fYaIfhkau" wdl
idOdrK;ajh iy ldka;d whs;sjdisl" jHjia:dj
uska ;yjqre h hq;= nj Tjqyq fmkajd kay'
ldka;djka bm;a l< ;j;a fYaI fhdackdjla
jQfha mj;sk jHjia:df 16 jk j.ka;sh bj;a
lrk fuka b,a,d isuhs' 16 jk j.ka;sh ;=<ska
jHjia:df i|yka jQ whs;sjdisl j,g mgyeks
jQo im%odhsl kS;s ms<s.; yels nj mj;sk
jHjia:df i|yka we;' fYaIfhkau mqoa.,sl
kS;s l%shd;aul f jdyh iy foam, kS;s wdh
;=< im%odhsl kS;s ms<s.kq ,ef' f ;=<ska
fYaIfhka ldka;djkag widOdrKhla isjk nj
ldka;dfjda fmkajd kay'
ldka;djka jHjia:d m%;sixialrK l%shdj,shg
iyNd.s f jeo.;alu" Tjqka iska u;= lr
ldrKd foi n,k l< wmg f;are .; yel' ish
mqrjeishkag iudkd;au;djh jeo.;a nj Tjqyq
fmkajd kay' kuq;a" fhdackd bm;a lsfuka
muKla iEySug m;a h fkdyel' f l%shdj,sh
;=<ska jD; we;s wjldYh Tiafia ldka;djkaf.a
.eg ;jrg;a m%Odk foaYmd,k l%shdoduhg
we;=<;a lsf bvlv ;sf' ldka;djka fhdackd
bm;a l< muKska tajd foaYmd,k wldh iska
ms<sfkd.kakd nj wm fydka okakd lreKls'
WodyrK f,iska f jk g ldka;djka je
msilf.a jeo.;a b,a,Sula njg m;aj we;s iudc"

16

wdl iy ixialD;sl whs;sjdisl jHjia:djg

we;=,;a fkdh hq;= njg" l=vd kuq;a n,j;a
lKavdhula iska rchg n,mE lrk njg
wdrx we;' f ksid ldka;djkaf.a wjYH;d kj
jHjia:dj ;=< oelSug k wm .gu wr., l<
hq;= nj meye,s h'
fuh mquhg ldrKhla fkdf" ukao ia;%Sjdoh
iy ia;%Sjd foaYmd,kh yemafmkafka n,h;a
iu h' mqreIdm;H iska l%shd;aul lrjk
n, l|jqre iuh' ,snr,a" m%;sixialrKjd
hehs lshk md,lhska n,hg m;a jQ g wmg fuh
wu;l f m%jk;djh je f' kuq;a ldka;djka
f,iska wm ieugu igka l< hq;= jkafka mj;sk
l%uh;a iuu h hkak wm wu;l fkdl< hq;=
ldrKhls' mj;sk l%uh fjkia fkd mj;ajd
f.k hdug n,h iy n,h idOdrKSlrKh lrk
oDIajdoh yeugu l%shd;aul jkq we;' fuh
ms<sn|j wm fyd|ska wOHkh lr f;are .; hq;=j
we;' thg uqyqK ug ixOdkh h hq;=j we;'
ldka;djka we;= rf nyq;rhla ckhd kj
jHjia:dfjka n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka l=ula o@
oekg wm rf mj;sk foaYmd,k iy wdl
l%ufha Yd, fjkila fkdfo" mj;sk l%uh
widOdrK nj;a mqrjeis whs;sjdisl wdrCId
fkdlrk nj;a b;d meye,sh' mj;sk l%uh
;=<ska hqKqjkafka iy wdrCIdjkafka n,h,;a
iy jrm%ido,;a msila i idudkH mqrjeishka
fkdjk nj jHjia:dj ms<sn| uyck woyia ,nd
.;a lgqj bhg wd fndfyda fokd mejiqy'
wmg wjYH jk fjki we;s lr .ekSug k
wm fkdlvd n,mE l< hq;=j we;' tu n,mE
jHjia:d m%;sixialrK b,lal lrf.k muKla
fkdj > ld,Sk b,lal fjkqfjka l< hq;=
n,mE o jkq we;' idudkd;au;djh iy uqla;sh
hk >ld,Sk b,lal wm ks;r u;la lr.;
hq;=j ;sf'
kj jHjia:djg fhdackd bm;a lsf jD;
lr.;a wjldYh" we;slr.;a ikaOdk iy in|;d"
ysjqKq ixjdo wms .ska .gu Yla;su;a lrka
bhg f.k hd hq;=j we;'
wdpdh yks wuriQh
jHjia:d m%;sixialrK i|yd uyck woyia uiSf
lgqf idudld

;j;a wm rjgkak tmd(

hqoaOhg uqyqK ka ia;%Skaf.a b,a,Su

Y%S

,xldf wdKavql%u jHjia:d ixfYdaOkh

i|yd jk uyck ksfhda; fldiu idlcd
wdrN l< wjia:df tu fhdackd ilia lsfuys
lghq;=j, ksheKq ls,sfkdh" uq,;sys ia;%Ska
iy uvl,mq ia;%sjd ia;%S ldKavdh iu. idlPd
lsf wjia:dj ug ,eKs'
furg mqrjeishka f,i wfma whs;Ska ;yjqrelr
.ekSf m%Odk fuj,u f,i wdKavql%u jHjia:dj
mej;=k;a tu ldrKh ms<sn| fndfyda whg
jegySula ke;
fYaIfhka ia;%Ska iy iqcd;sl lKavdhj,g
fuu ldrKh ria Ihla ;sf' by; mg,e,s
iys; .Ks; iy i;ajhka ms<sn| Ih" oHdj
f,i nf,ka b.eka jQ wh tfkod ;hg
wod, jk iy wmf.a whs;Ska iqrlaIs; lrk ksS;s
ms<sn|j fyda wdKavql%u jHjia:dj inkaOfhka
W.kajkafka ke;
rf kS;sh iy wdKavql%u jHjia:dj ta ms<sn|
yeoErE"
kS;s
Ydrohskag"
foaYmd,lhskag"
wOHdmk{hskag muKla wod, Ihla f,i i,lk
, fuu ;;a;ajh hgf;a rf wdKavql%uhla
imdokh lsf ke;sk m%;sixialrKh lsf
lghq;af;a wmg;a h j.lSula fyda ldh
fldgila ;sh yels o hkak ms<sn|j ldka;djka
Wkka lrf fyda .ekaf jqjukdjla u;=
fkdh uqf,hs;s iy ls,sfkdh idlcdj,g
uqia,s ia;%Ska o we;= hqoaOfhka iDcqj w.;shgm;a
fndfyda ia;%Syq iyNd.s jQy
iqcd;shla f,i wms uqyqK ka m;aj,ska f
j;aug wjia:dj Wd fjkafka wdKavql%u
jHjia:dj ;=< l=uk ldrKh wka;.; jkafka
k o hk ldrKh fukau iqck fldgia iy
ia;%Ska f,i fjkiafldg ie,lSfuka j;a
h yelafla flfiao hk ldrKdj,g i iy
fhdackd o tu ia;%S ldKavdh iska bm;a lrk
,
hqoaOh iy ysxikh wkd.;fha rf we;s fkdu
i|yd jHjia:dj ;=<ska ;yjqre l< yelafla
flfia o hkak ms<sn|j Tjqyq .eUqrg idlcd
l<y fmr isgu ,xld wdKavql%u jHjia:dj
;=< iudkd;au;djh ms<sn| j.ka;shla we;=<;aj
;snqk;a cd;s" l=, yd ,sx.sl;ajh mok fldgf.k

fjkiafldg ie,lSu is jQ neka tu ldrKd

.egqj,g ;=vqka neka o" fjkiafldg ie,lSsu
iy .egq iukh lsu fjkqjg ;j ;j;a .egq
we;s lrk ls%hd ms<sfj;a wkq.uk lssu ms<sn|j o
idlPd h
b wkd.;fha .egq iukh lsf jevms<sfj,
;=< lsisu mqrjeisfhl=f.a f.!rjh iy j;af
whs;sh W,a,x>kh jk wdldrfha ;%ia;jdoh
je<elaf kS;s mekug wdKavql%u jHjia:dj
wkqn, fkdh hq;= njg fuu ia;%Syq woyia m%ldY
l<y
thg wu;rj uvl,mqfjka meKs ;reK ldka;d
ldKavdh iska ,xldj iEu wdldrhlgu
.egq iukh lssu i|yd wysxidjd m%;sm;a;s
wkq.ukh l<hq;= nj;a fudku wdldrfhaj;a
ysxikld l%ufo wkq.ukh fkdlrk njg
wdKavql%u jHjia:dfjka ;yjqre l<hq;= njg;a
fhdackd bm;a l<y'
by; i|yka l< fm!oa.,sl f.!rjh wdrlaId
lsf ldrKd iu. ldka;djkag tfrysj isjk
ysxikfhka f;dr ;h Tjqkag ;yjqre l< hq;=h
hkak iu." orejka ,shdmx lsf m<uqfjka
u ku f;dard.ekSf mshdg muKla m%uqL;ajh
ujreka fojeks ;;a;ajhg m;alsf ms<sfj;
wdKavql%u jHjia:dj ;=<ska wfydais l< hq;= hehs
fhdackd bm;a h'
jeys idudldjla lshd isfha orefjla bmfka
l=uk ujf.a l=fika o hk j. tu orejd bmfok
f,df wi< isk iEu wfhlau okakjd' tfia
k ;u ujf.a ku yd mqrjeisNdjh iDcqj orejdg
,ndu fkdf o kSs;sh h hq;af;a@ hkakhs'
;jo NdIdj Nd;h" rf ,dxckh" cd;sl fldh"
bv whs;sh" f;dr;=re oek.ekSf whs;sh jeks
ldrKd' fjkiafldg ie,lSfuka f;drj yd rf
iEu ckfldgilau ^ldka;djka& ksfhdack jk
wdldrhg fukau wehg f.!rj lrk wdldrfhka
ls%hd;aul h hq;=h hkak ms<sn|j o idlPd h'
iyNd.s jQ idudldjla lshd isfha" cd;sl
fldfha lvqj ldg fldgkag o @ wmg ysxikfhka
f;dr cd;sl fldhla wjYHhs hkakhs'
17

fuu idldPdf ia;%Sjd w;aoelS wdY%fhka

mekke.=k ldrKd o bm;a flKs'
mjq,lg wjYH wdydr" fmdaIKh jeks ldrKd j,g
j.lsjhq;= mqoa.,hska jYfhka" jD; wdlh yd
iykdOdr kka y`kajd we;s wdydr l%u ms<sn|
woyia ldka;djka iska u;= l< w;r ixialD;sl
jYfhka ;u ;ukag wkkH jQ wdydr ,nd .ekSf
whs;sh wdKavql%u jHjia:dfjka ;yjqre l<hq;=
hehs o i|yka l<y'
Bg wu;rj oEje m%Yakh" /lshd ,nd.ekSu
i|yd we;s jhi ms<sn|j wjysr;d" ;rK .ekSf
jHqyhka ;=< ldka;djka i|yd we;s fldgi jeks
ldrKd wdKavql%u jHjia:dj ;=<g we;=<;a lsu
ms<sn|j o woyia bm;a flKs'
iyNd.sjq idudldjla lshd isfha" ug l=uk
jhfia iehd wys /lshdjla fidhd .kak
fjhs o lsh,d okafka keye" llrefjla jQ uf.a
iehd ug wys jQjdhska miq /lshdjla fidhd
.ekSf ldrKfha jhi ndOdjla fkdh hq;=hs"
hkqfjks'
fuu idlcdfjka miq wdKavql%u jHjia:dj
m%;sixialrKh i|yd jk ck;d woyia tl;=
lsf fldif idudlhska uqK.eiSug .sh
wjia:df ldka;djka iska by; ioyka ldrKd
wjOdkhg ,la l<y'
wms fuu /iaug iyNd.s jQfha wkd.;fha
fyda wmg iudkd;au;djfhka iy f.!rjfhka
hq;=j j;aug yels mirhla Wodf h hk
n,dfmdfrda;a;=fjks' ;j ierhla wmj rjgkakg
tmd th wfma b,a,Suhs'
lu,d jdiqls

18

rf md,khg
wfma uey;au

015 jir Wod jQfha ,dxlSh foaYmd,k

b;sydifha jeo.;a ikaia:dkhla iksgqyka
lrka" ck;dj ;=< kj n,dfmdfrd;a;= /ila o
we;slrjkss' oi jirlg;a jvd je ld,hla mqrd
rf m%cd;ka;%jdoh iy udkj ysl nrm;,
f,i W,a,x>kh lrka f.k .sh md,k l%uh
fmr<d oeug YS% ,dxlslhka f,i wm fm< .eiqfka
ta kj n,dfmdfrd;a;= uqkam;a lr .ekSf uy;a
jQ wNs,dIh we;sjh'
kj rch n,hg m;ajkafkao ta ck;d wNs,dIhka
uqkam;a lrk nj im: lrks' thska tla
m%Odk ldrKhla jQfha rg md,kh lrk" rf
mqrjeishdf.a brKu ;SrKh lrk rf W;a;;r
kS;sh jk wdKavql%u jHjia:dj" ck;d whs;sjdisl
;yjqre lrk jHjia:djla f,i f.k tk njg
ka fmdfrdkajhs'

tys tla mshjrla f,i wdKavql%u jHjia:d

ixfYdaOk ms<sn| uyck woyia uiS
lgqj (Public Representation Committee on
Constitutional Reform) m;a flKs' fida,an
wdKavql%u jHjia:dfjka miqj rf md,k l%uh
ielfik" rf W;a;;r kS;s imdokhg uyck
woyia ,nd .ekSug lghq;= l< m<uq wjia:dj
fuhhs' f ksid wo wmg kj wdKavql%u jHjia:djla
ieliSf ls%hdj,shg wmf.a wjYH;djka wkqj
wfmau woyia yd fhdackd bm;a lrka >Dcqju
uey;aug wjia:djla ,e we;'
wdKavql%u jHjia:d ixfYdaOk ms<sn| uyck
woyia uiS ms<sn| lgqjla m;a lr" ck;d
woyia ,nd.ekSf ls%hdj,shlg rch fhduq
we;s nj k.;a .iu ldka;dj yd udOH
iduQyslh m%:ufhka ia;S% ixOdk ksfhda;hska
iy fjk;a ia;S% ls%hdldkshka fld<Ug le|jd ta
ms<sn| kqj;a lsula flKs' tu idlcd ;=<ska
wdKavql%u jHjia:dj ms<sn|j tf;la ,nd is kqu
mq,a lr .ekSug;a" ia;s%la ugfuka tu idlcd
ls%hd;aul l< hq;= wdldrh ms<sn|j wjfndaOhla
,nd .ekSug;a wjia:djla ,enqKs' ta jf.au
wdKavql%u jHjia:dj kej; yeoEug iy thg
wod< fjk;a fmd; m; lshug fm<U ula o f
ksid we;sjqKs' ia;s%la ls%hdldkshka kqj;a lsf
ls%hdj,shg fhduqug tu ;;a;ajhka fnfykau

Yla;shla iy Wmldrhla jQ nj fYaIfhka i|yka

l< hq;=h'
ldka;dj yd udOH iduQyslfha uQ,sl;ajh
iy u.fmkau u;" lKavdhula f,i wms"
ia;s%lalfhka ia;s%lalhg f.dia f ms<sn|j
m%cd ls%hdldkshka kqj;a lrka" lgqj bfha
lreKq bm;a lsug Tjqkaj iQodk lf<uq'
isxy," o< iy uqia,s ksfhdackhla iys; ;reK
iy jeys ia;S%ka tu idlcdj,g iyNd.S u
fYaI;ajhla h' ta jf.au hqo iy .egqld
mirhla ;=< hqoAOhg >Dcqju uqyqK ka ia;S%ka"
udhs .udk iy j;=lrfha ia;S%ka" hqoaOhg >Dcqju
uqyqK fkdka ia;S%ka tu idlcdj,g iyNd.S u
fuu jevms<sfj, id:lj lrf.k hdug buy;a
Yla;shla jQ nj fYaIfhka i|yka l< hq;=h'
rf j;auka foaYmd,k ;;a;ajh" udkj
whs;sjdisl" ia;S% whs;sjdisl iy wdKavql%u
jHjia:dj wd ldrKd ms<sn|j h kqj;aNdjhlska
iy ta ms<sn|j Wkkajla olajk msia fukau ;u
.f" fCIa;%fha ;uka w;ak m%Yakj,ska tydg
.sh rf isjk ;;a;ajhka ms<sn| kqj;aNdjhla
fkdue;s msia o fuu idlcdj,g iyNd.s h'
idlcdj,g meKs msiaj, mej;s fuu iajNdjh
iy O;ajh ksidu tlu l%ufohla wkqj
wmf.a idlcd lrf.k hdug wmyiq h' fuu
O;ajhu idlcd O me;slvhka Tiafia
b;du;a id:lj lrf.k hdug h bvlvla
,enqKq nj o lsj hq;=h' f ksidu idlcdj,
u;=jQ ldrKdj, O;ajhla o olakg ,enqKs'
iEu idlcdjl u idudkHfhka ia;S%ka f,i
uqyqK fok fndfyda m%Yakj, fmd ;;a;ajhla
olakg ,enqKs' kuq;a W;=re kef.kysr" j;=lrh
iy udhs .udkj, j;ajk ia;S%kaf.ka tu
ldrKdj,g wu;rj ;ukag iqfYaIS m%Yakj,g
uqyqK mEug isjk njg woyia bm;a Ks'
fYaIfhka ;sia wjqre hqoaOh ksid ia;S%ka f,i
;ju;a w;ak iqfYaIS m%Yak ;sfnk nj;a" hqoaOh
ksu jir y;la .;jqj;a ;ju;a tajdg i
,e fkdue;s nj;a Tjqka lshd isfha b;du;a
fokd iy.;jh'
19

fYaIfhka udhs .udkj,ska meKs isxy," o,

iy uqia,s ifydaohka mYapd;a hqo iufhka miq
uqyqKfok m%Yak l;d lrk wjia:djka ys" ;ju;a
isoajdplhka u; mokj tlsfkldg fpdaokd
lr.kakd wjia:d olakg ,enqKs' Tjqka t,an isk
u;jdohka fjkia lr.ekSug h bvlvla jr
u fuu idlcd ;=< wm w;am;a lr.;a ;j;a
Okd;aul ;;a;ajhla f,i olah yelsh' tfiau ta
yryd kg ls%hd;aul jk wdKavql%u jHjia:df
rf ixyshdj" iudkd;au;djh ;yjqre lsug
ndOdjlaj mj;sk lreKq ms<sn|j o idlcd
lsug bvlvla ,enqKs'
iEu ia;s%lalhlska u iyNd.s jQjkaf.ka wvq
je jYfhka ia;S%ka inkaOj bm;a jQ
ldrKdj,g wu;rj fmdf rggu n,mdk fmd
lrKd lsysmhla o idlcdj, u;=u b;du
idOkSh ,CIKhla f,i olajuq' fYaIfhka
ckdm;s l%uh fjkia lsu" rg ;=< cd;sl
iu.sh iy ixyshdj we;s lsu i|yd lsis
wd.ulg" cd;shlg m%uqL;ajh fkd ish cd;Ska
YS% ,dxlslhka f,i i,ld wdKavql%u jHjia:dj
;=<skau iudkd;au;djh ;yjqre lsu" is,a
yd foaYmd,k whs;sjdislj,g wu;rj iudc"
ixialD;sl" wdl yd mdil whs;sjdisl o
uQ,sl whs;sjdisl mfohg wka;.; lsu"
ia;S%kaf.a whs;sjdisl ;yjqre flfrk wdldrhg
fjku u uQ,sl whs;sjdisl mfohg we;=<;a
lsu jeks ldrKd ta w;r m%uqL h'

ia;S%ka ;ukag wdfKsl jQ m%Yakj,g muKla isSud

fkd fmdf rf foaYmd,ksl ;;a;ajhka iy
iudcfha wksl=;a ldrKd flfrys o wjOdkfhka
iy uis,su;aj isk nj ;yjqre lsug;a" is,a
iudcfha ia;S%ka iy ia;S% ixOdk inkaOj
mj;sk wvq ;lafiarej" u;jdohka ta ;=<ska mrdch
lsug;a th m%n, idOlhla jQ nj o i|yka l<
hq;=uh'
ia;s%la
idlcdj,ska
miqj"
tu
ia;s%la
kdhsldjkaf.a uQ,sl;ajh we;sj ;ukA jevlrk
m%foaYj, m%cdj tl;= lrka f ms<sn|j kqj;a
ls lr Tjqkaf.a woyia yd fhdackd lgqjg
bm;a lsug fhduqu fuu jevms<sfjf<a ;j;a
tla b mshjrla f,i oelah yelsh'
uyck woyia uiS lgqj ia;s%laj,g f.dia
woyia ,nd.kakd ld,iSudjka f,dikska
k.ekSug wmyiqu ksid wmf.a iuyrla idlcd
lrf.k hdug m%udKj;a ld,hla fkd;snqK nj o
i|yka l< hq;=h'
idlcdj,ska bm;a jQ fndfyda ldrKd
whs;sjdisl mok lr .;a rduqjlska wddKavql%u
jHjia:djg W; whqka ksfoaY bm;a l<
20

hq;af;a flfia o lshk ldrKh ms<sn|j idlcd

lsug wmg uy;a fjfyila ug isKs' tfia
h woyila .ekSug wmyiq jQ ldrKd bm;a jQ
wdldrhgu jd;d ;=<g wka;.; lsug is h'
f jk g uyck woyia uiS ksulr bm;a
lr we;s lgq jd;djg ck;djf.ka bm;a jQ
fhdackd iy woyia fndfyduhla we;=<;a lr ;su
wm ,enQ ;j;a tla ch.%Khla f,i lah yelsh'
Yd,u wNsfhda.h jkafka jd;df wka;.; l<
lreKq wdKavql%u jHjia:d imdokfha fl;r
rg wjOdkhg .kafkahs hk ldrKhhs' tfia
fkdlrkafka k rchg n,mE lsf Yla;su;a
ck;d n,f.hla f.dvke.Sf ldhNdrh wo
wm wNsuqLj we;' rg md,kh lrk W;a;;r
kS;sh jk wdKavql%u jHjia:dj iy mqrjeishd w;r
mj;sk ria:Ndjh rg ;=< mek k.ska mj;sk
fndfyda m%Yak .Kkdjlg m%Odk fya;=jla jk nj
wmf.a w;alSuhs'
mdi,a iy Yaj oHd, Ih ud,djg th Ihhla
^wdKavql%u jHjia:dj iy ue;sjrK ls%hdj,sh&
f,i wka;.; lsu tys tla mshjrla f,i
ls%hd;aul l< yelsh' l=vd l< isgu <uhd f
ms<sn| kqj;aNdjhlska isu hymd,kh jvd
w:j;a lr .ekSug m%n, fya;= idOlhla jk nj
fndfyda idlcdj, u;= jQ m%Odk ldrKhls'
fojk mshjr f,i rf ish mqrjeishkag
wdKavql%u jHjia:dj iy ue;sjrK l%uh
yeoEug;a" wOHhkh lsug;a yelsjk wdldrfha
rdcH jHqyhla m%dfoaYSh" ia;s%la iy cd;sl
ugfuka ^fmd uOHia:dk& wdrN lsu rcfha
ueoy;afuka l< yels fYaI jevla f,i
fhdackd h'
fujeks jevms<sfj,la ksudKh jkafka k
h kqj;aNdjhlska hq;=j rf md,khg >Dcqj
u mqrjeishdg inkaO f bvlvla wjia:djla
jr jkafka h' rdcH m%;sm;a;s iy uQ,Ou"
n,h fnodyeu" rf Odhlh" wdKavq l%uh
iy ue;sjrK l%uh" uQ,sl whs;sjdisl" wd.u
iy NdIdj" rcfha iajNdjh wdh flfia h hq;=
o hkak ms<sn|j kqj;a ilS%h mqrjeisfhla ys
u rf hymd,khla we;s lsf i m%Odk
fuj,u jk nj wmf.a Yajdihhs' ta Yajdifhka
hq;=j kqj;a ilS%h mqrjeishl= yslsug lghq;=
lsu hymd,khla we;slsu i|yd ioaNdjfhka
lghq;= lrk rchl;a" uyck ksfhda;hskaf.a;a"
is,a ixOdk iy iudc ls%hdldkaf.a;a$
ls%hdldkshkaf.a;a wo ojfia m%uqL ldhhla iy
j.lSula jk nj wjOdrKh lr isuq'
;=Id uvyfmd,

wfma wr.,h wfma whs;Ska fjkqfjks

is

h ue;sjrK fmdfrdkajla bgq lrka

kj wdKavql%u jHjia:djla i`oyd uyck
woyia uiSug j;udk wdKavqj ;SrKh lsu;a
ta i`oyd ck;d ksfhda; lgqjla m;a lsu;a
furg wdKavql%u jHjia:d imdokfhys fukau
jHjia:d m%;sixialrK b;sydifhys kj msgqjla
fmr,Sug iu;a h' g m%:u lsisu fgl
jHjia:d imdok l%shdj,shl tjeks m%fYhla
f.k fkd;su fuhg fya;=jhs' rch iska m;a
lrk ,o kj wdKavql%u jHjia:djla i`oyd uyck
woyia uiSf lgqj ia;%slalfhka ia;%slalhg
hoa wod, ia;%slalhkays ia;%Skaf.a fhdackd iy
woyia lgqj bhg f.k taug ldka;dj iy
udOH iduQyslh iu. tla wm rE W;aidyh ;=<
fm!oa.,slj;a fmdf;a ,;a w;alS lsysmhla
iksgqyka lsu fhda.H hehs is;=fj'
ia;%sla ugka tlafrdla jQ isxy," fou<"
uqia,s hkd ia;%S lKavdh iu`. Y%S ,xldf
wdKavql%u jHjia:dfjys wdrNh tys ldYh iy
j;udk ;;a;ajh inkaOfhka idlPd lsug
,eu i;=gls' fuhska ud w;ska bf.k .;a foa
fndfydah' ienekau fuu l%shdj,shg wj;SK
u ksidu j;udk wdKavql%u jHjia:dj yeoEug
o ish' kj wdKavql%u jHjia:djla wmg wjYH
jkafka wehs o hkak f;are .ekSug k mj;sk
jHjia:dj ms<sn`oj m%udKj;aa kqula ;sh
hq;=h' ia;%sla jevuqj,g hdug fmr wdKavql%u
jHjia:df msgm;a ldka;dj iy udOH iduQyslh
iska wmg ,ndka w;r fuys tk we;e
mriamr;d"jdod;aul
lreKq"
inkaOfhka
u;a kqula ,nd.kakg iydh jQf kS;s{
yfka ndk., uy;d hs'
jevuqj,g iyNd.s jQ ia;%Ska ish fokdu mdfya
Y%S ,xldf wdKavql%u jHjia:dj .ek wid ;snqKs'
tfy;a ta inkaOfhka je wjOdkhla fyda
kqula Tjqkag fkd;snqKs' wdKavql%u jHjia:df
wvx.= lreKq b.ekau wmf.a o wruqK fkdjqKs'
tfy;a wdKavql%u jHjia:d m%;sixialrK l%shdj,sh
ms<sn`oj ir,j meye,s lsug wmg ish'
msila ta .ek i;=gg m;ajqj o ;j;a msilg
fuu l%shdj,sh inkaOfhka t;r Yajdihla
fkd;snqKs' fya;=j foaYmd,k l%shdld;ajh iy
fmdfrdka foaYmd,kh inkaOfhka fmdf
ck;dj ;=< mj;sk wYajdih tf,iskau fuu
ia;%Ska fj; o wvq je jYfhka meje;Suhs' iEu
;eklu mdfya ia;%Ska l;d lrkakg h' f ksid
wm uq,skau lf<a Tjqkag weyqlka uhs' jlalv
levqjdla fuka Tjqka ;u tfkod ;fha uqyqK
fok m%Yak bm;a lrkakg h'

fYaIfhkau
;%sl=Kdu,h"
mq;a;,u
hk
ia;%slalj, hqoaOh fya;=fjka j mSvdjg m;a
jQ ia;%S lKavdh wmg yuqjqKs' fuys ish ck
lKavdhj,g wh;a ia;%Syq tlg jd ish m%Yak
.eg y`kd .ekSug fjfyiSu fYaIhla jqj;a
Tjqkag ;uka iqfYaI jYfhka uqyqK fok m%Yak
bm;a lsf wjYH;djh o j mj;sk nj
wmg wjfndaO h' flfia jqjo m%Yak wdldrfhka
bm;a jQ lreKq jHjia:duh fhdackd f,iska
ilia lsug wms Tjqkag iydh uq'
fuu idlPd wjidkfha Tjqka iska bm;a
l< woyia b;du iqkaor h' we;efula lshd
isfha ;uka o rf j.lsj hq;= mqrjeisfhla nj
;fha uq,ajrg ye`.S .sfha fuys njhs' ;j;a
msila lshd isfha kj jHjia:d l%shdoduh iu`.
w;a n,dfmdfrd;a;= o ;hg tl;= jQ njhs'
idlPdj,g iyNd.s jQ ia;%S lKavdh iska ish
jd;d ilia lsf iy wod, lgqj fj;g f.dia
bm;a lsf j.lS fnod.kakd ,'
f ish,a,gu jvd jeo.;a jkafka wod,
lgqj bmsgg f.dia ish fhdackd jdlj
bm;a lsfuka miqj fudjqka wm iu. fnod
.;a w;alSuhs' uq,ska lgqj bhg hdug
;e;s.ekaula ;snqK o miqj th b;d jkd
wjia:djla jQ nj je fofkl= lshd ishy'
WodyrK f,iska ynkaf;dg kS;s ;kqcd
fukh iy wef.a lKavdhu m%dfoaYSh f,al
ldhd,hg f.dia wxlhla ,nd .ekSfuka miqj;a
rl;kfhka l;d lrka uid isfha jdlj
bm;a fkdfldg ish fhdackd jd;dj ,s;j
ndr wdmiq hkak oehs lshd h' u;a lsfuka
miqj lgqj bhg .sh weh bka t<shg wd
.iu lshd isfha th ;u ;fha ,enQ b;d
jkd wjia:djla njhs' fhdackd bm;a lsug
iyNd.S jQ wfhl= f,iska uu o f jkd w;alSu
,oafo' ienekau th mqoa.,fhl=g ;u ;fha
,nd .; yels b;du;a jkd wjia:djls' fuu
jkdl ;jrg;a ;yjqre jkafka rch wmf.a
fhdackdj,g m%udKj;a ;rka weyqlka fokafka
k muKs' ie,ls,a, fhduq lrkafka k muKs'
wmf.a Yajdih u,aM, .kajkafka k muKs'
fndfyda n,dfmdfrd;a;= iys;j furg ia;%Ska iska
iduh" m%cd;ka;%jdoh iy iudkd;au;djh Wfoid
wdKavql%u jHjia:d m%;sixialrKh i`oyd bm;a
lrk ,o fhdackd rch wksjdfhkau ie,ls,a,g
.; hq;= hehs wms ;rfhau lshd isuq' rch fuh
fkdi,ld ykafka k ta inkaOfhka wr.,
lsu wfma whs;shls'
iqld fmfrd

21

kj wdKavql%u jHjia:d m%;sixialrK

ms<sn| uyck woyia uiSf lgqj fj;
ia;%Ska iska bm;a lrk ,o
fhdackd iy woyia ia;%slal wkqj

22

fmdf,dkakrej
ia;s%lalh (
ixOdkh
(
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inkalrKh (
iyNd.s;ajh (

fmdf,dkakrej
ldka;d tluq;=j
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;=is;d fmfrd ^inkaldld&
;=is;d fmfrd

wxlh
m%Yakh
01
;Ska .kakd jHqy
;=< ldka;djkaf.a
ksfhdackh wvqu'

woyi
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yd ;Ska ;SrK .kakd
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h wjdisodhl ;;a;ajhkag
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isu' tfukau .kakd
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fkdu'

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ish ;Ska ;SrK .kakd jHqy ;=<
ldka;d ksfhdackh je lsu i|yd
wjia:d ,ndu jHjia:dfjka u
;yjqre lsu msKsi lsish m%;sY;hla
ldka;djka i|yd fjka lrk f,iska
fhdackd lruq'
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m<d;a iNd iy md,sfka;=j ;=<
ldka;d ksfhdackh iy;sl lsu msKsi
fuh islrk fuka fhdackd lruq'

02

rdcld lghq;=
lr.ekSug hdf
fndfyda wdh;k
;=< ;uka Nd;d
lrk NdIdfjka"
fYaIfhka o<
NdIdfjka lghq;= lr
.ekSug hdf O
.eg u;=u'

o< NdIdfjka lghq;=

l<yels ks,Odka fkdue;s
u' f ksid ikaksfok
wmyiq;d we;s ;su'

rdcH wdh;k" fYaIfhka fmd,Sish

jeks wdh;kj, rdcld i|yd NdId
;=fkkau jev l< yels ks,Odka
m;a lrk fuka o mdi,a Ihud,djg
fou< NdIdj wksjdh Ihhla f,ig
we;=<;a lrk fuka o fhdackd lruq'

03

ldka;d iy <ud
m%Yak i|d .ekSug
l%uj;a hdka;%Khla
fkdue;s u'

ldka;djkaf.a m%Yak
myiqfjka bm;a l<yels
jHqyhla fkdue;su
fya;=fjka O .egj,g
uqyqKmEug isf'

iajdk ldka;d fldiula ia:dms;

lsu i|yd wjYH m%;smdok kj
wdKavql%u jHjia:dj ;=<ska ;yjqre
lrk fuka fhdackd lruq'

04

> ld,hla
mqrd mej;s hqoaOh
fya;=fjka foam,
wys u'

;ukagu ysj ;snQ

foam,j, whs;sh hqoaOfhka
miqj ;ju;a ;uka i;=
fkdu' fYaIfhka
bvj, whs;sh'

iEu ck fldgilgu j;aug iqiq

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ksjil whs;sh ;yjqre flfrk kS;s
imdokh'
th uQ,sl whs;sjdislula f,iska
kj jHjia:dfjka ;yjqre lrkakehs
fhdackd lruq'

05

jdy kS;sh
ldka;djkag wys;lr
wdldrhg ls%hd;aul
u'

uqia,s cd;sl ldka;djkag

uqia,s jdy kS;sh ;=<
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.eg mej;Su'

iEu ckj.hlgu wod, jk m

jdy kS;sh fmd kS;sh hgf;a
ls%hd;aul lsu'
jdy f jhia iSudj fmd kS;sh
hgf;a ls%hd;aul flfrk l%uhla
;yjqre lrkakehs fhdackd lruq'

06

cd;sl wOHdmk
m%;sm;a;shla fkdue;s
u fya;=fjka
jka jr wOHdmk
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g;a O fjkial
isu'
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lsu'
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ms<s.efkk wdldrhg kj wdKavql%u
jHjia:dj ;=<ska ;yjqre lrk fuka
fhdackd lruq'
23

24

07

mj;sk wdl
m%;sm;a;s fya;=fjka
f.dckhd O
.egj,g uqyqK
mEu iy foaYSh
lDIsludka;h
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;su'

foaYSh lDIsludka;h
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ksh`.h" cdk fjkia lrk
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jl=.vq frda.Ska nyq, u
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ck;djg uqyqK ug isj
;su'

foaYSh wdlh k.d isgqu i|yd

cd;sl lDIslu m%;sm;a;shla ia:dms;
lsug fhdackd lruq'
ji i fkdfh fnda. ksIamdokh
k.disgqu i|yd f.dka .ekau
msKsi ksYa; jevms<sfj,la ls%hd;aul
lsu iy j,g iy;sl ,la ,ndu
i|yd th cd;sl lDIslu m%;sm;a;shg
we;=,;a lssu iqiq hehs fhdackd lruq'

08

uQ,sl whs;sjdisl
;yjqre flfrk
kS;s jHjia:dj ;=<
wka; .; jqj;a" tajd
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neka ck;djg ish
whs;sjdisl N=la;s
f wjia:d iSud
;su'

Wod( kg ls%hd;auljk
jHjia:df 15jk j.ka;sh'
29jk j.ka;sh

ia;S% whs;sjdisl " uQ,sl whs;sjdisl

f,i ms<s.efkk wdldrfhka
jHjia:djg th wka;.; lsu iy
iudc" wdl" wOHdmk" fi!LH"
ixialD;sl whs;sjdisl o uQ,sl
whs;sjdisl f,i ms<s.kska tajd
wdKavqlu jHjia:djg we;=,;alrk
fuka fhdackd lruq'

09

foaY.; fiajfha
fhfok ldka;djka
fndfyda m%Yakj,g
uqyqK u'

f inkaOfhka mj;sk
cd;Hka;r m%{ma;s wkqj
ls%hd;aul fkdu'
/lshdj i|yd hk
rfgys NdIdj fkdk
isu fya;=fjka wmf.a
ldka;djkag O
Ialr;dj,g ,laug
isu'

cd;Hka;r llre m%{ma;s" kS;s iy

fjk;a rch w;aika ;nd tl`. we;s
cd;Hka;r iuq;Skaj,g wkqj lghq;=
lsug wjYH ;;a;ajhka ilia lrk
f,ig rchg fhdackd lruq' tfukau
foaY .;jk ldka;djkag m%udKj;a
m mqyqKq lghq;= ,ndh hq;=h'
ixl%uKsl fiajlhskag ckao whs;sh
,ndu i|yd wjYH kS;suh m%;smdok
,ndh hq;=h' ;jo foaY.; ixl%uKsl
fiajlhskag Y%du jegqmlg ysl
,ndh hq;= nj fhdackd lruq'

10

<uqka ;=< ,sx.sl

wOHdmkh ms<sn|
m%udKj;a wjfndaOhla
fkdue;su
fya;=fjka fkdfhl=;a
iudc .eg fukau
<uqkag O
.egj,g uqyqK ug
is ;su'

wvq jhia ujre nyq, u

iy wvq jhiska .e.ekS
nyq, u' <uqka
wOHdmkh w;yer u'

mdi,a Ih ud,djg ,sx.sl wOHdmkh

Ihhla f,i wka;.; lsug wjYH
m;ssmdok ;yjqre lrk fuka fhdackd
lruq'

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ksYa; jHqyhla
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woyi
fhdackd
udkj ysl fldIka
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lsf m%;smdok jHjia:dj ;=<ska
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O m%Yakj,g uqyqK fok
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je jdisjk moafoka
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ksoyia woyia bm;a

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25

foaYmd,k mlaIj,
wNHka;r jHqyhkays
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md,sfka;=j ksfhdackh
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fya;=fjka ldka;djkag
iu wjia:djka wys u'

26

md,sfka;=j" m<d;a iNd iy m<d;a

md,k wdh;k ;=< ldka;d ksfhdackh
50] l iu ksfhdackhla iy;sl
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lruq'

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fjkiafldg ie,lSuls'

iudk /lshdj, fhfok iudk meh

.Kka jevlrk ia;%Ska iy mqreIhska
hk fomlaIh i|ydu iudk jegqmla
,nd u kS;s.; flfrk m%;smdok
we;=,;a h hq;= w;r tfia f.ug
wfmdfydi;ajk fldka;%d;alrejka
fyda mqoa.,sl wdh;k i|yd
.kakd kS;suh l%shdud. meye,sj
jHjia:df i|yka lr ldka;djkaf.a
iu whs;sjdisl ;yjqre l< hq;=hehs
fhdackd lruq'

ldka;djkaf.a
whs;sjdisl lvu
iy ldka;djka
ksrka;rfhka
m%pKav;ajhg f.dre
u'

/lshd ia:dkj" ksfjia

;=< fukau fmd
ia:dkj, ks;ru
ldka;djka m%pKav;ajhg
,lajqk o tajd yeugu
mskag jdisjk moafoka
idOdrKSlrKh lsu'
fYaIfhka wdrlaIl
wxYj, fiajfha kshq;=
ldka;djka wdh;k
m%OdkSkaf.a whq;=
n,mEj,g ,lau'
m%pKav;ajhg ysxikhg
,laj kS;sfha msysg
m;df.k tk ldka;djka
tu ia:dkj, kej;;a
ysxikhg iy mSvkhg
m;alsu'
wod, n,Odka fyda
m%OdkSka wjfndaOfhka
f;drj ;ukaf.a
u;fhau isg ldka;djka
wmyiq;djkag m;ajk
wdldrfhka m%isoafha
m%Yak lsu'
ldka;djkaf.a m%Yak .eg
fhduql< hq;= wdh;k
m%OdkSka ks;ru mska
u'

1981 jif Y%S ,xld rch iska w;aika

lrk ,o iSfvda m%{ma;sh l%shd;aul
lsu wdKavql%u jHjia:dj ;=<ska
;yjqre h hq;=hehs fhdackd lruq'
.Dyia: ysxikh je<elaf mk;
l%shd;aul lsug wjYH l%shdud.
.ekSu ms<sn|j jHjia:df we;=,;ah
hq;= hehs fhdackd lruq'
ia;%S mqreI iudcNdjhg ixf
ldka;djka ldka;d wud;HdxY m%OdkSka
f,i m;alsu ms<sn| wjYH m%;smdok
jHjia:df we;=,;a h hq;= hehs
fhdackd lruq'
ldka;djkaf.a m%Yak yuqf ks,n,h
fyd fjk;a wdldrj, n,;,
Nd;d lr ldka;djka wmyiq;dj,g
m;afkdl< hq;= nj jHjia:dj u.skau
;yjqre h hq;=hehs fhdackd lruq'
ldka;djkag m%pKav;ajhg f.dre
fkd ksoyiaj j;aug we;s whs;sh
jHjia:dj u.ska ;yjqre l< hq;=hehs
fhdackd lruq'
wdKavql%u jHjia:df uQ,sl
whs;sjdisl hgf;a ldka;d
whs;sjdisl o we;=,;ah hq;= hehs
fhdackd lruq'

mqoa.,fhl=f.ka
ldka;djkag isjk
m%pKav l%shdjkays
hqla;sh mis|,k wdh;k
fndfydag ksyv u
fya;=fjka ldka;djkag
kS;sfha msysg ,eu iy
hqla;sh bIag u iSud iys;
u'
mjq,a ie,iq ie;al lr
.ekSf fyda .idjla
lr .ekSf fyda orejl=
yslsf fyda mQK ;SrK
.ekSf n,h ldka;djka
i;= fkd tu n,h mska
i;= ;su'
ldka;djka m%pKav;ajhg"
ysxikhg ,la lrk
mqoa.,hkag w;aysgjQ
isr ovqj ,ndf
m%jk;djhla mej;Su'
27

.my 1
ia;s%lalh
(
ixOdkh
(
,smskh (
inkalrKh
(
kh (
ia:dkh
(
iyNd.s;ajh
(

.my ia;s%lalh ^fj<| l,dmh&

vd iduQyslh
221$fj<nv mdr" lgqkdhl
p,d ;=Id
2016 fmnrjd 01
.my ia;%sla f,al ldhd,h
p,d ;=Id

wxlh

m%Yakh

woyi

fhdackdj

fj<| l,dmh
foaYmd,k"
whs;sjdisl
wysu

ckaoh md lsug wjYH

myiql fkdue;su

ckaoh md lsug ;sfnk whs;sh

;yjqre lsug wjYH myiql
kS;sfhka iy m%;sm;a;s ;=<ska ia:dms;
lsu'

fya;=( fiajdia:dkfhka
b;du;a r . m%foaYj,g
hdug isu'
uqo,a iy ksjdvq m%Yak

28

iudc iy wdl
1' j;aug i,k jegqmla
whs;sjdisl ;yjqre
fkd,eu
fkdu
2' fi!LH iy ffjoH
myiql m%udKj;a
fkdu
3' fkajdisl myiql"
mdkSh c,h" hym;a
mirhla" ^fiajd
ia:dkfha iy
fkajdisld.drj,&
/lshdf iqrlaIs;Ndjh"
fkdue;slu'
4' u.f;df hk tk
wjia:dj, wjYH
m wdrlaIdj imhd
fkdue;slu ksid ,sx.sl
ysxikj,g f.dre u'
5' ludka; Yd,dj,
wm;% oE c,hg uqiqu'
6' Man Power ^fldka;%d;a
l%uh&
mmd,l iNdjg
ldka;djkaf.a
ksfhdackh
fkd;su'

- fiajdia:dkh wi, ckao uOHia:dk

we; lsu'
- ksjdvq inkaO m%;sm;a;shla
ls%hd;aul lsu'
- ksoyia fj<| l,dmh ksfhdackh
lsu i|yd uka;S% wdikhla fjka
lsu'
uQ,sl whs;sjdisl f,i jHjia:djg
we;=<;a lsu'
rdcH fukau fm!oa.,sl wdh;kj,ska
iy mqoa.,hka iska fuu whs;sjdisl
lvlrk wjia:dj, o wjYH m%;smdok
,nd.; yels wdldrhg jHjia:djg
wka;.; lsu
rdcH yd fm!oa.,sl wxYhg iudk
jegqmla ,ndu i|yd cd;sl jegqma
m%;sm;a;shlg wkqj lghq;= lsu'
llre m%{ma;s n,d;aul lsu'

ldka;djkaf.a ksfhdackhla iu ksfhdackhla ;sh hq;= wdldrhg

fkdue;s ksid ldka;d m%Yak m%;sm;a;s imdokh lsu'
ms<sn| ixf;djhlska
lghq;= fkdlsu

m%ckk iy fi!LH fj<| l,dm wdYs%;

myiql fkdue;slu iqiq ffjoH fiajdjka
fkdue;slu'
;ukaf.a Yrh .ek ;ukag
;Skajla .ekSug whs;sh
fkdue;slu' ^frday,a" iqiq
ffjoH fiajd&

ldka;djkaf.a m%ckk whs;sh kS;sfhka

;yjqre lsu'
fi!LH uQ,sl whs;sjdislula f,i
wd'l%'jHjia:dj ;=<ska ;yjqre lsu'

m%;s.;
fkajdisld.dr
fkdue;slu'

GSP + n iyk
GSP + n iyk >Dcqju
tjeks iykj, >Dcq m%;s,dN
jeks iykj,
ludka; Yd,d yshkag iy fiajlhskag .,dhdf l%ufohla ilia
m%;s,dN llrejkag rchg ,eu'
lsu'
fkd,eu'

ldka;djkaf.a
foaYmd,k
ksfhdackh
foaYmd,k jHqyhka
;=< ldka;d
ksfhdackh wvqu'

ldka;djkaf.a m%Yak iy
wksl=;a m%Yak ms<sn| je
ixf ;djhla we;af;a
ldka;djkagh' ksfhdackh
wvqu ;=< ta inkaO ;Ska
;SrK .ekSf jk n,mEu
wvqu'
cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r kS;s
m%jOkh lsug;a tajd
n,d;aul lsug;a jHqyhla
fkdue;su'

m<d;a md,k wdh;k" m<d;a iNd iy

md,sfka;=j hk wdh;k ;=< ldka;d
ksfhdackh 30]lska je flfrk kS;s
jHjia:dj ;=<skau ia:dms; lsu'

fldika iNdj,
ksfhdackh
iajdk fldika
iNdj, ia;S%
ksfhdackh wvqu'

fldika iNdj, m;a

lsf ia;S% ksfhdackh
.ek ie,ls,a,la ixf
njla fkdlau'

iEu fldIka iNdjlu 1$3l

ia;S% ksfhdackhla i|yd m%;sm;a;s
iy kS;s ieleiSu'

jdiia:dkhg kqiqiq
j;aug iqiq fkajdisld.dr myiql
fkajdisld.dr wjg nyq,u' ie,iSu ms<sn| kS;s;s ;yjqre lsu'

29

.my 2
ia;s%lalh
( .my
ixOdkh
( h ih ldka;d ixOdkh
,smskh ( A/B - 7/8, rkafmdl=K.u" ksgUqj'
inkalrKh
( *d;sud nqyd ^f,al&
ia:dkh
( .my ia;%sla f,al ldhd,h
kh
( 2016 fmnrjd 01
lreKq bm;a lsug iyNd.S jQjka ( 1' *d;sud nqyd
2' f,fkdard wd'tA'mS'
3' ,,s;d fmfrd
wxlh
01

m%Yak

woyi

fhdackd

.uKsl ldka;djkag
wdmiq furgg meKs
miq iudc.;ug iar
jevms<sfj,la ke;su'

kej; iudc.; lsu' Tjqka

furgg meKs miq kej;
Tjqkag wm rf j;au
i|yd h jev ms<sfj,la
ilia h hq;=h' ke;sk
Tjqka kej; kej; foaY
.; ug fm<Uula
isf' Tjqkag wm rg
;=< wdluh jYfhka
iudc.; f l%ufohla
wjYHhs'

rch uey;a iar jevms<sfj,lg

wkqj fuu ldka;djka iudc.;
lsug lghq;= lsu i|yd wjYH
lghq;= imdokh lrk f,ig
fhdackd lruq'

02

ixl%uKslhskag ckao
whs;sh wys u

foaY.; ixl%uKsl
fiajlhskag ;u rf
mqrjeishka f,i ;uka
fiajh lrk rf Pkaoh
md lsug yelsjk m
l%ufohla ilia lsu'

ixl%uKsl fiajlhskaf.a Pkao

whs;sh jHjia:dfjka ;yjqre lsu'

03

wjqre 5g wvq orejka

isk ujrekag foaY
/lshdjlg hdug we;s
ndOd

fuu ndOdjka fya;=fjka

ldka;djka ;uka leu;s
/lshdjla lsug
fkdyels u'

leu;s /lshdjla lsug ldka;djka

fj; w;s whs;sh ;yjqre lsu'

04

ldka;djka
fjkiafldg
ie,lSj,g Ndckh
u

jegqma f.u" /lshd ,ndu"

jeks ldrKd .;al<
jejYfhka Tjqka .Dy
fialdjka jYfhka
fiajh lsu'

iudkd;au;djh ;yjqre flfrk

kS;s jHjia:dj u.ska ;yjqre lrk
f,iska fhdackd lruq'

ms whg jvd fyd| /lshd

,ndu'

30

05

CEDAW jeks
cd;Hka;r m%{ma;sj,g
w;aikafldg we;;a
ta wkqj ls%hd;aul
fkdu'

Tjqka wdrCId lsug we;s

m%;sm;a;s iy ldka;djkaf.a
whs;Ska ;yjqre flfrk
wkaoug kS;s ilia h hq;=
nj'

f i|yd wod< kS;s;s ilia lr

tAjd rf wdKavql%u jHjia:dfjka
;yjqre lr ;su'

06

foaY.;jk
ldka;djkaf.a
wkdrCIs; nj jeu

ydmq;=kaf.a ;dvk
mSvkj,g ,lau" O
w;jrhkag ,lau"
wkd.;h i|yd uqo,la b;s
fkdu'

cd;Hka;r m%{ma;s" llre kS;s"

rgj,a w;r we;slr.kakd .siq
kshudldr f,iska ls%hd;aul lsug
wjYH m%;smdok jHjia:dj u.ska
;yjqre lsu' ixl%uKsl ia;%Skaf.a
wdrCIdj ;yjqre lsu'
ixl%uKsl fiajfha ksr;
ldka;djkag Y%dl jegqma l%uhla
we;s lsug wjYH kS;s imdokh
lrk f,ig fhdackd lsu'

07

j;aug we;s whs;sh

uQ,sl whs;shla f,i
ms<sfkd.ekSu'

j;a ug iqiq
ksjila" iqiq /lshdjla
j;aug i,k jegqmla
iys; /lshdjla fyda
jfkdamdud.hla ,nd ug
rdcH hdka;%Khla fkdue;'

iudc" wdl" ixialD;sl

whs;sjdisl uQ,sl whs;sjdisl f,i
ms<s.efkk wdldrhg wdKavql%u
jHjia:djg wka;.; lrk f,ig
fhdackd lruq'

08

ldka;djka foaY.;
jQ miq mjqf,a wksl=;a
j.lS ms<sn|
^mshdg" iylrejdg&
wjfndaOhla ke;su'

mjqf,a fndfyda lghq;=

uj$| u.ska isu
ksid weh foaY.; jQ
miq orejkaf.a lghq;=
we;= mjqf,a lghq;=
l<ukdlrKh lr.ekSug
fndfyda mjq,aj, mskag
wmyiqjk ksid mjqf,a
O m%Yak u;=u' tys
j.lSu kej; ldka;dj
u; mgjka ldka;djka
foaY.; /lshd i|yd
fhduqu mjq,a lvdlmam,a
ug fya;=jla h hk woyi
iudc.; lsu'

wdl,amuh fjkila we;s lsug

wOHdmk jevms<sfj,j,a ls%hd;aul
lsu'

hqoaOh" iajdNdl jHik"

iajNdl urK wdfhka
jekaoUqjk ldka;djka
nyq, u'

Tjqkaf.a iqrCIs;Ndjh ;yjqre

flfrk wdldrhg rdcH uey;a
kS;Hdkql+, jevms<sfj,la ls%hd;aul
l< hq;=h'

09

jekaoUq ldka;djkaf.a
iqrCIs;Ndjh ms<sn|
rdcH ugf
uey;aula
fkdue;slu'

kEu ldka;djlg foaY.; fyda

fjk;a wdldrfha ;uka leue;s
/lshdjla lsf whs;sh kS;sfhka
;yjqre lrkakehs fhdackd lruq'
<ud iq/l= uOHia:dk" WmfoaYk
fiajd wdh rdcH uey;afuka
l%uj;a jevms<sfj,la hgf;a
ls%hd;aul l< hq;=h'

Wod' hqoaOh ksid

y;,siaodylg jvd
ldka;djka m%udKhla
jekaoUqNdjhg m;a isu'

31

10

32

ldka;djkaf.a iqfYaIS
.eg bm;a lsug
ksYa; ms<s.;a
wdh;khla fyda
jHqyhla fkdue;slu'

ldka;djka mjq,a m%Yak" O

w;rjrj,g yd m%pKav
ls%hdj,g f.dreu"
/lshdf m%Yak" wdl
m%Yak hkd .eg jD;j
bm;a lsug" tajdg
ixfj weyqlka fok"
Yajdifhka hd yels
jHqyhl wjYH;dj u;=j
we;'

iajdk ldka;d fldiula

jHjia:dfjka ia:dms; lrkakehs
fhdackd lruq'
.Dyia: m%pKav;ajhg tfrys mk;
l%shdjg krxug wjYH m%;smdok
iy;sl lrk f,i;a
ldka;d yd <ud lghq;= wud;HdxY
ldhCIu lsug wjYH mshjr
.kakd f,i;a b,a,d isu'

11

m%;sm;a;s imdok"
;Ska ;SrK .kakd
uKav,j, ldka;d
ksfhdackh wvq u'

rf ck.ykfhka wvlg;a
jvd ldka;djka ish;a
Tjqka fjkqfjka ;Ska
;SrK .kakd m<d;a md,k
wdh;k" m<d;a iNd iy
md,sfka;=f ksfhdackh
b;du;a my< ugul ;su'
mCI jHqyhkaj, ksfhdackh
wvqu'

iEu jHqyhlu ldka;d ksfhdackh

wju jYfhka 30]la lsug fYaI
Odk ffk;slj iy;sl l< hq;=
hehs fhdackd lruq' foaYmd,k
mCI m%;sm;a;s iy mCI jHjia:d
inkaOfhka mej;sh hq;= jk kS;s
;s wdKavql%u jHjia:dj ;=<g
we;=<;a lrk f,iska fhdackd lruq'

12

cd;sl ,ehsia;=f
ldka;d ksfhdackh
wvqu iy f;af
ksKdhlhka
fkdue;su'

,ehsia;= ieleiSu foaYmd,k

mCIj, kdhl;ajh u;
isu'

cd;sl ,ehsia;=fjka wvla ldka;djka

fj; ,efnk m kS;sfhka fYaI
Odk ls%hd;aul l< hq;=h'
ue;sjrK i|yd f;dard .ekSf
ksKdhl ksYa; lr ls%hd;aul l<
hq;= hehs fhdackd lruq'

13

mj;sk ue;sjrK l%uh

;=< w,a,i" IK iy
m%pKav ls%hd wdh
isug" is lsug
we;s bvlv nyq,u

mj;sk foaYmd,k
ixialD;sh tjeks ls%hd is
lsug iy isug je
bvlvla ,e we;' th
ldka;djkag foaYmd,khg
taug we;s bvlv o wyqrd
we;'

ue;sjrK l%uh fjkia lr Y%

ue;sjrK l%uhla ls%hd;aul l<
hq;= hehs fhdackd lruq' tys
fldGdY l%uhg ldka;djkag 50]
la iy iudkqmd;sl l%uhg 50]la
jk wdldrhg ieleish hq;= hehs
jerg;a fhdackd lruq'

wkqrdOmqr 1
ia;s%lalh
( wkqrdOmqrh
ixOdkh
( wkqrdOmqr ia;s%la ldka;d tl;=j
,smskh
( msxmdr" l,dlrnEj'
inkalrKh
( tA'tA' pdkaokS ^inkaldkS&
kh
( 2016 fmnrjd 17
ia:dkh
( wkqrdOmqr ia;%sla f,al ldhd,h
lreKq bm;alsug iyNd.s jQ wh ( 1' lu,d r;akdhl
2' iS;d rxckS
3' ouhka;s lwdr
4' ;=Id l=uqkS
5' tA'tA' pdkaokS
wxlh
01

m%Yakh
m%;sm;a;s imdok
foaYmd,k jHqyhka
;=< ldka;d
ksfhdackh wvqu'

woyia
m<d;a md,k wdh;k"
m<d;a iNd iy
md,sfka;=j hk wdh;k
;=< ldka;d ksfhdackh
6]lg;a jvd wvqu'

fhdackd
m<d;a md,k wdh;k" m<d;a iNd iy
md,sfka;=j hk wdh;k ;=< ldka;d
ksfhdackh 25] je lsu kS;sfhka
;yjqre lrk f,i fhdackd lruq'

02

foaY.; fiajhg
hk ldka;djkaf.a
wdrlaIdj iy;sl
fkdu'

fuu ldka;djka O
w;jrj,g ,lau'
fkdoekqj;anj" wod,
cd;Hka;r .siq
iy m%{ma;s ls%hd;aul
fkdlsu'

ixl%uKsl ldka;djkaf.a wdrCIdj

;yjqre flfrk kS;s imdokh
lrkakehs fhdackd lruq'
llre iy cd;Hka;r m%{ma;s
ls%hd;aul lsu jHjia:dj u.skau
;yjqre l< hq;= hehs fhdackd lruq'

03

m%udKj;a ikSmdrCIl
iy ud. myiql
fkdue;slu'

jeisls<s" ud." md,"

fndalal= wd ck;djg
tfkod ; mj;ajd
f.k hdug wjYH wju
myiqlj;a fkd;su'

.%dh ugfuka mj;sk tjeks wvqmdvq

fidhd lk i ,ndf rdcH
hdka;%K we;s l< hq;= hehs fhdackd
lruq'

04

iudk jevj, fhfok

llre ia;S%kaf.a iy
mqreIhkaf.a jegqmaj,
wiudk;djhla
meje;Su'

tlu jev fldgiaj,

fhfok ^Wod( f.dh
lemSu" Wo .Eu" w;ajev
u& ia;S%kaf.a ffoksl
jegqm mqreIhkaf.a jegqmg
jvd wvqu'

wu;a fCIa;%fha isjk tjeks

fjkiafldg ie,lS wfydais fldg
iudkd;au;djh ;yjqre flfrk
wdldrhg ldka;djkag iudk jegqma
,efnk l%ufohla kS;sfhkau ;yjqre
lrk f,i fhdackd lruq'

05

ldka;djkaf.a m%Yak
fhduq lsu i|yd
wod< jHqyhla
fkdue;slu'

ldka;djka iudcfha O
m%Yakj,g f.drejk ksid"
tu m%Yak fhduqlsug;a ta
ms<sn| ls%hdud. .ekSug;a
ksYa; wdh;khla ;sh
hq;=h'

iajdk ldka;d fldiula ia:dms;

lsu wdKavql%u jHjia:dj ;=<ska
;yjqre lsu'

06

,sx.sl wOHdmkh
ms<sn| <uhska ;=<
we;s wjfndaOh wvq
ksid O .egj,g
<uhska uqyqK u'

<ud IK" wmpdr" wvqjhia

.e.ekS w m%Yak
iudch ;=< nyq, u'

mdi,a Ih ud,djg ,sx.sl wOHdmkh

Ihhla f,i wka;.; lsug wjYH
l%shdud. imdokh l< hq;=h'

33

34

07

.DyuQ,sl
ldka;djkaf.a whs;Ska
;yjqre fkdu'

rdcH m%;s,dN wysu"

bv" ksjdi m%Yak"
iudcfha fkdi,ld
yej,g ,lau wd O
m%Yakj,g uqyqKug fuu
ldka;djkag isu'

.Dy uQ,sl ldka;djkaf.a whs;sjdisl

;yjqre flfrk wdldrfha kS;s
imdokh lrk f,i fhdackd lruq'
.DyuQ,sl;aj j.lSu mjqf,a fofokdgu
ys jk iy ms<s.efkk wdldrfha
kS;s imdokh lrk f,iska fhdackd
lruq'

08

.%dh ugf
foaYSh lDIsludka;h
|je ;su iy
foaYSh ludka; Yd,d
we;ss fkdu'

cdk ;dCIKsl c
f.kau ksid foaYSh
ksIamdok | jeu iy
c ksIamdok iud.j,g
meju" foaYSh ludka;
k.disgqug jevms<sfj,la
fkdue;slu'

foaYSh wdlh iy foaYSh f.dhd

wdrCId flfrk wdldrfha kS;s
iy m%;sm;a;s imdokh lsu' th
jHjia:dj ;=<skau ;yjqre l< hq;=hehs
fhdackd lruq'

09

we fCIa;%fha
jevlrk ldka;djka
O m%Yak iy
w;jrj,g f.dreu'

we`. fiajh iy rd;S%

jevuqr hkdh iudc
f.!rjhg" ms<s.ekSug md;%
fkdu iy fuu fCIa;%h
inkaOfhka mj;sk jer
iudc wdl,am'

we`. fialdjkaf.a wdrCIdj

;yjqre lrkq msKsi wjYH m%jdyk
myiql iemfhk wdldrfhka"
ludka; Yd,d iy wdh;k ioyd
m%;sm;a;s$kS;s imdokh lrk f,iska
fhdackd lruq'

10

wnd; mqrjeishka
fj; ,efnk
iykdOdr uqo,a
lmamd lsu'

f ksid wdl jYfhka

fukau udkislj;a Tjqka
wmyiq;djhkag m;aj is'

wdnd; mqrjeishka fj; iykdOdr

m%udKj;aj ,efnk m wod,
m%;sm;a;s imdokh lsu'
wdKavql%u jHjia:df uQ,sl
whs;sjdisl mfohg wdnd;
mqrjeishka f.a whs;sjdisl we;=<;a
lrk f,iska fhdackd lruq'

11

cd;s iy wd.
wkqj fNao we;sjk
wdldrfha j.ka;s
j;udk wdKavql%u
jHjia:dj ;=<
meje;Su'

wdKavql%u jHjia:df
mfoh 18 j.ka;sfha
YS% ,xldf rdcH NdIdj
isxy, NdIdj lsu" iy
mfofha 9 j.ka;sfhka
YS% ,xld ck rch
nqoaOd.ug m%uqLia:dkh
mskukafkah hkqfjka
i|yka lsu'

lsisu wd.ulg" cd;shlg m%uqL;ajh

,nd fkd iudkd;au;djh ;yjqre
flfrk kj wdKavql%u jHjia:djla
imdokh lsug fhdackd lruq'

12

ish ck fldgiaj,
iudk whs;sjdisl
;yjqre fkdu'

wiudkfldg ie,lSu
ksid iudcfha O .eg
u;=u' ^cd;sh" wd.u"
l=,h" ia;S% mqreI nj"
hkd jYfhka wd&

ish mqrjeishkaf.a whs;sjdisl

;yjqre flfrk m%;sm;a;s kS;s
imdokh lsu'

13

wdKavql%u jHjia:dj
;=< wka;.;j
;sfnk rdcH m%;sm;a;s
inkaOfhka olajd
we;s j.ka;s ;=<ska
udkj whs;sjdisl
iSud ;su'

29 j.ka;sh bj;a lrkafka

k iqiqh'

27 j.ka;sh ls%hd;aul lsug wjYH

mshjr .kakd fuka fhdackd lruq'

14

uka;S% f,al OQr

iqiql u; ,nd
fkd" ys;j;al
iy mjq,a mok u;
,ndu'

rdcH fiajdjka kqj;aj"

ksis wdldrhg ,ndfkdu
;=< rdcH fiajd |jeu'

iqiql u; n|jd .ekSf rdcH

m%;sm;a;s ieleiSu iy l%shd;aul lsu
msKsi wjYH lghq;= imdokh lrk
fuka fhdackd lruq'

wkqrdOmqr 2
ia;s%lalh ( wkqrdOmqr
ixOdkh ( rcrg m%cd flakah
,smskh
( wxl 410" Tlr|k" lelsrdj
inkalrKh
( rEmd .uf.a
kh ( 2015 fmnrjd 17
ia:dkh ( wkqrdOmqr m%dfoaYSh f,al fldGdYh
lreKq bm;a lsug iyNd.S jQ mqoa.,hka ( 1' rEmd .uf.a
2' Okj;S ;s,lr;ak
3' u,a,sld ;s,lr;ak
4' fla't' iajKd
wxlh

m%Yakh

woyi

fhdackd

we fCIa;%fha
fhfok
ldka;djkaf.a Y%uh
iqrd lEug ,laSu
;=< Tjqkaf.a mjq,a
ixia:d | jeu

jevlrk fiajd ld,hg

i,k jegqmla fkd,eu'
f ksid mjq, ;=< wdl
m%Yak mek ke.Su'

llre kS;s m%;sixialrKh lsu yd

tys m%;s,dN Tjqkg ,ndu
fiajd jev ksYa; lsu idOdrK
jegqma
fiajdld,h ;=, rd;%s fiajd uqr i|yd
ksYa; /ljrKh ,ndu
jd iq/l= uOHia:dk ly,a
wdYs%;j we;s lsu

ldka;djka
isxy," fou<" uqia,s
fjkqfjka j.lsjhq;= wfkl=;a cd;Skaf.a
ksfhdackhla ;sh hq;=hs'
fldIka iNdjla
fkdue;su'

iajdk ldka;d fldiula m;alsu'

lajdis Wid l%uh ioyd ldka;d
ksfhdackhla we;s lsu'

bv i|yd
mskag idfmalaIj
ldka;djkaag
bvj, whs;sh
iSud u'

ldka;djkaf.a bv whs;sh
;yjqre jk m oekg
n,mj;ajk bv kS;sh
ixfYdaOkh h hq;=h'

bv iy foam, whs;sh ioyd oa;aj

whs;sh ,efnk wdldrfha kS;s
imdokh lsu'

ldka;d ysxikh
yd <ud wmpdr
nyq,u'

;sfnk kS;s ksis wdldrhg

ls%hd;aul fkdu'

;sfnk kS;s ksis wdldrhg ls%hd;aul

lsu' f;dr;=re ,nd.;yels
hdka;%Khla ia:dms; lsu" fujeks
isoa jeug fya;= idOl fidhd n,d
tajd ke;s lsug wjYH mshjr .ekSug
l%ufohla ieleiSu'

fj<o m%pdr ;=<

ldka;dj fj<o
NdKavhla u'

wod, mdYjhg lsisfia;a

inkaOhla ke;s" ta jf.au
ksiqka jer ug fhduq
lrk f;dr;=re ,ndu'

ldka;djka yd <uqka fhdod .kska

jer f,i md flfrk fj<|
ka ;yk flfrk kS;s iy
m%;sm;a;s imdokh lsu'

foaYmd,kh ;=<
ldka;d ksfhdackh
wvqu'

m<d;a md,k wdh;k"

m<d;a iNd iy md,sfka;=
ksfhdackh b;du;a my<
;;a;ajhl ;su ;Ska
;SrK .ekSug ndOdjla u'

ldka;djka ioy 50]fldagdjla

fjkalsu' ^m<d;a md,k wdh;k"
m<d;a iNd iy md,sfka;=j& th
jHjia:dfjka ia:dms; lsu'

ksis ,sx.sl wOHdmkhla

fkdue;slu'

35

36

07

.DyuQ,sl
ldka;djkaf.a
whs;Ska iqrlaIs;
fkdu'

.Dy uQ,sl ldka;djkaf.a

whs;sjdisl lmamdu'

.DyuQ,sl ldka;djkaf.a whs;sjdisl

;yjqre flfrk kS;s iy m%;sm;a;s
f.k tau'

08

j;af whs;sh
uQ,sl whs;sjdislula
f,i ;yjqre
fkdu'

iudc yd wdl
whs;sjdisl uQ,sl
whs;sjdisl f,i kS;s.;
fkdu'

j;af whs;sh uQ,sl whs;sjdislula

f,i i,ld wd'l%'jHjia:dfjka th
;yjqre lsu'

09

wOHdmkh"
lDIsluh" wdlh
| jeu'

wOHdmkh" lDIsluh"
wd:slh k.d isgqu
i|yd cd;sl m%;sm;a;shla
fkdue;su'

cd;sl m%;sm;a;shla we;s lsu'

10

lDIsldudka;h
l=,Sjev hk
fiajhkays fhfok
ldka;djkaf.a
jegqm yd mskaf.a
jegqm w;r
Iu;djhla mej;Su'

f.dh lemSu" mdrj,aj,

jev lsu" Wo.Eu" fika
jev wd' wu;a fCIa;%fha
ffoksl jev'

iudk fiajhg iudk jegqma ,ndf

cd;sl m%;sm;a;shla iy kS;s imdokh
lsu'

ynkaf;dg
ia;s%lalh
( ynkaf;dg
ixOdkh
( wn,kaf;dg reyqKq m%cd moku
inkalrKh
( kS;s ;kqcd ^m%Odk inkaldld&
,smskh
( rKre ;=is; udj;" ku" wn,kaf;dg
bm;a l< kh
( 2016 fmnrjd 12
ia:dkh
( ynkaf;dg m%dfoaYSh f,al ldhd,h
lreKq bm;a lsug iyNd.s jQ wh ( 1' kS;s ;kqcd
2' mS' risld l=ud
3' ta'mS' Y%shdKs
4' chka;s iuka,;d
5' 'v,s' fmdueKsld
6' f'wd' ohdj;S
wxlh

m%Yakh

woyi

fhdackdj

01

md,sfka;=f ldka;d
ksfhdackh 25]la j;a
fkdu'

m%;sm;a;suh ;SrKj,
ldka;djkag isjk ysxik
ysyer wiudk;d ms<sn|j
ie,ls,a, fkdoelau'
ldka;djkag wjia:dj
,ndkak o mjq,a fm,m;ska"
iehd mshd fyda ifydaorhd
hhEfuka Okh yd n,h
u; wjia:dj ,ndu'

ishu ;Ska ;SrK .kakd

uKav,j, iu ksfhdackhg
wjia:dj ldka;djkag ,ndu' je
ldka;d ksfhdackhla ;=<ska kj
foaYmd,k ixialD;shla f.dvke.Su'
ldka;djg .re lsug wjia:dj
,ndu ldka;djkag tfrysj jdl
ysxikh is fkdlsf ysl
md,sfka;= im%odh ;=<g we;=,;a
lrk fuka fhdackd lruq'

ish m<d;a md,k

wdh;k i|yd
ldka;djkag
bm;aug wjia:d
fkdu'

fuys my, ugf

ldka;dj iy wef.a m%Yak
ixf;djhlska bm;a
fkdu iy jdohg
fkd.ekSu'
02

jegqma wiudk;djh

ffoksl yd l=,S /lshdj,

iudk jevg iudk jegqma
ldka;djka fj; fkd,eu
wdh;k ;=< jegqma Iu;d
mej;Su

ldka;djkag iudk jevg iudk

jegqma ,ef yslu jHjia:dj
;=<skau ;yjqre lrk fuka fhdackd
lruq'

03

ldka;djkag /lshd
wjia:d wys u'

/lshd l< hq;= jhi ;SrKh

u iy /lshd ,ndu

rcfha /lshd fok jhi wjqre

45 olajd jelsu'

foaYmd,kSlrKh u'

foaYmd,k we.s,s .eiSulska

f;drj iqiql u; /lshd
,nd .ekSf whs;sh iy /lshd
,ndfok wjia:df 60lska ldka;d
ksfhdackhla ,ndu hk lreKq
jHjia:dj u.ska iy;sl lrk fuka
fhdackd lruq'

ldka;djkag ,ndfok
wjia:d m%udKh je lsu'

04

jeys ldka;djka"
;ks ujreka iy
wjdyl ldka;djkag
jrm%ido iy wdrlaIdj
fkd,eu' Tjqkag
fkdie,lSu"
hemq ud. fkd,eu'

fkdie,ls,a, iy
fkdi,ld yeu ksid
mSvdjg m;au'

jeys ldka;djka iy ;ks

ujreka wjdyl ldka;djka ioyd
jrm%ido ,efnk wdldrfha ysl
jHjia:dfjka ;yjqre lsu'

37

38

05

foaY.; jk
ldka;djkaf.a .siq
m;%h ;ukaf.a
NdIdfjka fkd;su iy
Tjqka wkdrlaIs; u'

;ukag wod, jegqm ms<sn|

oekqj;a u yd .siq .;
jk lreKq ms<sn| oekqj;a
ug yelsu'

foaY.; jQjkaf.a wdrlaIdj ms<sn|

fidhdne,Sug yels wdldrfhka
rcfha wjOdkh fhduq flfrk kS;s
imdokh lssug wjia:d jHjia:dj
;=<ska ;yjqre lsu'

06

md,sfka;= yeis
rgdj ;=< ixyshdj"
ixjr nj fkd;su'

rf ixialD;sh yd
jkdl wkd.;
mrmrdjg ,ndug
fkdyels ;Ska ;SrK
.kakd uKav,fha j,;d
yd fkdyelshdj biau;= u

f.!rjkSh yd Yla;su;a md,sfka;=

iodpdrhla f.dvke.Su yd
wdpdrOu j,g .re lsu jHjia:dj
;=<ska ;yjqre lsu

07

wOHdmkh ;=< im;a

yd jrm%ido iudk
whqka ish mdi,a
fj; we;=,;a ug
orejkag wjia:dj
fkd,eu fYaIfhka
.%dh m%foaYj,
meie,a fj;'

.%dh mdi,aj,g ,efnk

jrm%ido wvqjQ iy .f
orejka k.rfha mdi,a i|yd
we;s ;r.hg ;,afldg
;su'

im;a iy jrm%ido fn hdf

Iu;djh wju iudk whqka
wOHdmkh N=la;s f yslu
jHjia:dj u.skau ;yjqre lsu'

08

rdcH ks,Odkaf.a
fiajdj u;a whqka
.ug fkd,eu m%cdj
;=< ta ms<sn|j mj;sk
fkdoekqj;aNdjh'

fiajd ,nd.ekSu ioyd

fhduqjk m%udKh wvqu
iy u;a fiajdjka
fkd,e hdu'

,ndfok rdcH fiajd ms<sn| m%cdf

oekqj;aNdjh jeflfrk l%shdud.
iy f inkaOfhka jk
rdcH j.lSu ;yjqre lsu'

09

orejkaf.a udkisl
ixf;djh we;s
lsug ix.S;h
fi!kaoh Ihka
wksjdh fkdu'

l=vd l< isgu <uqkaf.a

ixf;djh hqKq lsu ;=<
hym;a udkj .=Kfhka hq;a
wkd.; mrmqrla yslsu
u.ska iudc m%pKav;ajhg
i fiu'

fi!kaoh oHd Ih"

Ih ksfoaYh ;=< wksjdh Ihla
njg m;a lsf kS;s m%;smdok we;s
lsu'

10

kj ixjOk l%shdj,sh
;=< m%cd ixjOkhla
is jQjd hehs udOH
u.ska i;H jikafldg
islrkq ,nk
m%pdrKh'

islrk fN!;sl ixjOkh

Tiafia udkj ixjOkhla
jQjdhehs flfrk m%pdrh
fya;=fjka ienE m%cd
ixjOkhg ie,ls,a,la
fkdoelau'

fN!;sl ixjOkh ;=< udkj

ixjOkh wksjdhh flfrk
j.ka;s jHjia:dj u.skau ;yjqre
lsu'

11

ie,iq iy.; fkdjk

iy mir ys;ld
fkdjk ixjOk jev
fya;=fjka jk i;=ka
. jeu w,s" fudKre"
jre jeks'

jk i;=kaf.a jdiia:dk
wys u fya;=fjka Tjqka
. jeu ksid ;
foam, yd wdl ydks
isu' fjd je jYfhka
ldka;djka fj; n,mEu'

jk i;=kag j;a ug iqiq ia:dk

ixrlaIKh lsu

jrm%ido iy fiajd tlu

msilg muKla iSud u'

ckdjdi i;=kaf.ka wdrlaId lsug

ie,ls,a, oelau iy;sl flfrk
m%;smdok jHjia:djg we;=,;a lrk
fuka fhdackd lruq'

12

.%dh frday,aj,g
wjYH myiql
fkdue;s u iy T!IO
mqoa.,slj ,nd.ekSug
isu ksid mam;a .e
ldka;djka we;= .e
ckhd mSvkhg m;au'

b;d <s m%cdjg ksoka.;

frda. yd wfkl=;a f,v
frda. ioyd ,ndfok
T!IO yd WmlrK
m%udKj;a whqka frday,a
j, fkd;su;a fjk;a
ia:dkj,ska ,nd.ekSug
yelshdjla fkd;su;a ksid
Tjqka mSvdjg m;au'

.%dh frday,aj,g wjYH ish

WmlrK" im;a iy myiql
,ndu'
m%udKj;a myiql ish .%dh
frday,a fj; ,ndug lghq;= lsu'
mam;a frda.Skaf.a whs;sjdisl
jHjia:dfjka ;yjqre lrk fuka
fhdackd lruq'

13

fmd m%jdyk fiajdjka

;=< fmd ia:dkj,
ldka;djkag ysyer
isu'

ldka;djkaf.a iajdk;ajh"
iudkd;au;djh iy ksoyi
ms<sn| iudc u;h ;yjqre
fkdu'

ldka;djg m%pKav;ajfhka f;drj

ksoyfia j;aug we;s whs;sh
jHjia:dj u.ska ;yjqre lsu'

14

mdkSh c,h ke;slu'

mdkSh c,h jIh mqrdu

fkd;su yd mdkSh c,fhys
,jk;djh je u'
f fya;=fjka ldka;djkag
mjq, ;=< jemqr jev iy
nr ug isu'

msis mdkSh c,h ,eug ck;djg

we;s whs;sh uQ,sl whs;shla f,i
jHjia:dj u.ska ;yjqre lsu'

15

rcfha bv ,ndu
foaYmd,kSlrKh u
iy ixrlaIKh l<
hq;= kdY lsu
ldka;djkag bv
whs;sh wys u'

fmd bv wdrlaId lsug

yd /l.ekSug .%dh m%cdjg
fkdyelsu fya;=fjka tajd
n,j;=ka iska myrKh
lsu'

fmd bv yd ixialD;sl jkdl

we;s bv /l.ekSu inkaOfhka
m%udKj;a m%;smdok jHjia:dj
u.ska iy;sl lsu'

ldka;djkag widOdrKhla
jk wdldrfhka rcfha bv
ms<sn| kS;s mej;Su'

iudk whs;sh ;yjqre flfrk

wdldrhg bv iy foam, inkaO
kj kS;s imdokhg bvlv kj
wdKavql%u jHjia:dj u.ska ,nd
fok fuka fhdackd lsu'

16

wOHd;al jkdl
msyshdu ;=< udkjjd
.=KOu hgm;a
m%pKav;ajh u;=u'

udkj wOHd;al jkdl

.s,syShdu" wd.l iyjkh
msySu'

wd.l fnu fjkqjg wd.l

iyjkh ;=<ska iduQysl;ajh
ixyshdj f.dvkexu wksjdhh
jk wdldrfha m%;smdok jHjia:dj
u.ska ;yjqre lrk fuka
fhdackd lruq'

17

wvq jhia jdy

ksid .eyeKq orejka
ujreka u iy wjq
16-18 w;r kS;Hdkql+,j
jdyug fkdyels u'

mdi,a hk jhfia orejka

ujreka njg m;au
fya;=fjka Tjqkaf.a
wOHdmkh lvdlmam,a u'
.eyeKq <uqka mSvkhg
,lau'

.eyeKq orejkag isjk ysxikfhka

Tjqka wdrlaId lr .ekSu i|yd
wjYH kj kS;s wKmk;a f.k taug
m%;smdok jHjia:dj u.ska iy;sl
lrkakehs fhdackd lruq'

18

lsisu ffjoH
ksfoaYhla fkdue;sj
O Wm;amd,k l%u
mdi,a hk orejka iska
Nd;d lsu'

oHd;aul fkdjk Wm;a

md,k l%u myiqfjka
mdi,a hk orejkag ,nd.;
yelsu yd tajdg yqreu
;=< ,sx.sl wmfhdackhg
,lau iy m%ckk
fi!LHuh .eg we;su'

ksjer ,sx.sl wOHdmkhla mdie,a

moaO;sh ;=< ;yjqre lsu u.ska
mdie,a hk jhfia kj fhdjqka
orejkaf.a m%ckk whs;Ska wdrlaId
lsf m%;smdok jHjia:dj u.ska
;yjqre lsu'

19

jIhlg jrlaj;a
m%dfoaYShj ck;d u;h
uid m%;sm;a;suh
;SrK ioyd
fhduq fkdlsu'

m%cdjg ;u woyia oelaug

wjia:djla ysjkafka k
.eg wju lr md,k
l%ufo f.dvke.Sug
wjia:dj f.dvkef.a'

uq,a ugf woyia ;Ska

;SrK .kakd jHqy olajd f.k
hdug wjia:d we;s lrk m%;smdok
jHjia:dj u.ska ;yjqre lsu'
39

40

20

fj<o fmd<
ksIamdokj,g ksh;
,la fkd,eu'

.%dhj ksIamdokh lrkq

,nk t<j yd m<;=re
ioyd idOdrK ,la ,nd
ji fika f;dr j.dj
m%p,s; lsug bvla ,nd
fkdu'

f.d ksIamdokj,g idOdrK ,la

,eug iy ji fika f;dr wdydr
N=la;s ug ck;djg we;s whs;sh
jHjia:dfjkau ;yjqre lsu'

21

ldka;d jHjidhlhskag
wdodhu ;sridr
lr.ekSug wjia:d
fkd,eu'

ldka;djkaf.a ksIamdok
jHdmD;s > ld,Skj
mj;ajdf.k hdug wjYH
im;a yd jrm%ido wysu
;=< tu jHdmD;s lvd jeu'

ldka;d jHjidhlhka ioyd fYaI

m%;smdok ,nd jHjidhl;ajhg
msiSf iu whs;sh jHjia:dj
u.skau ldka;djkag <.d lru'

22

ue;sjrK u.ska
uyck Pkaofhka
f;dard m;afjk ck;d
ksfhda;hska ;ukaf.a
ys;=u;hg ;SrK .ekSu'

uyck ckaofhka m;ajk

uyck ksfhda;hka
fm!oa.,sl jdish u;
lghq;= lsu'

ch.%yKfhka miqj cku;hg

msgqmd foaYmd,k mlaI udre lsug
fkdyelsjk wdldrfha kS;s m%;smdok
we;s lsu'

23

j.d lsug iqiq bv

j.djg fhduq fkdlsu
iy j.dj ioyd
fmdfydr iykdOdrh
yd Kh myiql
,eu wjuu f.d
ldka;djkag f
;;a;ajh ;ka n,mEu'

oekg mqrkaj we;s l=Uqre yd

f.dv bv j.djg fhduq
lsug fkdyelsu
f.d;eka hqKq lsug
wjYH im;a f.dhd fj;
,nd fkdu'

j.djg iqiq bv j.d lsug wjYH

myiql ieliSu'
wjYH fmdfydr iykdOdr yd Kh
WmlrK" ;dlaIKh" kj j.d l%u
hkdh f.dhd fj; ,ndu'
fuys f.d ldka;djka
inkaOfhka fYaI wjOdkh fhduq
lrk kS;s m%;smdok we;s lsu'

24

mx ia:dkhg hdno
mdi,g orejka fhduq
fkdlsu fya;=fjka
.no mdie,a jeiShdf
wjOdkulg ,lau'

l=vd mdie,a jeiS hdu

fya;=fjka <s` mjq,aj,
orejkag ;u wjg mdi,a
wysu iEu orefjl=gu
jrm%ido iy; mdi,aj,g
hdug Ialr;d u;=u

.%dh l=vd mdi,a kxjd,Sf cd;sl

m%;sm;a;shla f.dvke.Su u.ska .f
<uqkag .f mdif,ka wx. imQK
wOHdmkhla ,eug we;s whs;sh
;yjqre lsu'

25

cd;sl NdIdjka f,i

isxy, fukau fou<
NdIdj ksfhdackh
fkdu'

f fya;=j ksidfjka cd;Ska

w;r wfkHdakh iqyo;ajh
yd ixyshdj f.dvke.Sug
wjia:dj wys u iy rg
;=< .egq we;su'

cd;sl NdIdjla f,i isxy, yd

fou< hk NdIdj folu ksfhdackh
f wjYH;djh m%dfhda.slj ;yjqre
lrka cd;Ska w;r iudkd;au;djh
f.dvkef.k Nd;djka jHjia:dj
u.ska ;yjqre lsu'

26

u;ao%jH Nd;h yd
lsKSu nyq, u'

orejka yd ;reK msi

u;ao%jH Nd;hg f.doqre
u wkd.; ixjOkhg
ydksodhl u'

u;ajH f.kAu" fj<|d lsu

imQKfhka je<elaug lghq;=
l< yels m%;smdok jHjia:d ;=<ska
;yjqre lsu'

27

kS;sh rlsk ia:dkj,

ldka;dj mSvkhg
m;alsu'

ldka;djg tfrys ysxikfha

ta fjkqfjka iyk ,nd
.ekSug kS;sh fj;g fhduq
f udkisl mSvkhg
yd ysxikhg m;aug
ldka;djkag isu'

fuys ldka;djkag widOdrKhla

fkdjk wdldrfha kS;s wKmk;a
meku iy fiajd imhk rdcH
ks,Odkaf.a wdl,am ixjOkh
lsu wksjdhh flfrk kS;s ilia
lsu' ldka;djka fjkqfjka u
lghq;= lsug yels iajdk ldka;d
fldiula m;alsu yd ls%hd;aul
lsf m%;smdok we;s lsu'

28

ldka;djkag ;ukAf.a
jD;a;Sh fyda iudh
hqKqj fjkqfjka
,sx.sl w,a,ia ,ndug
isu'

ldka;djla u ksidu
ysxikhg f.dre lr.ekSu
f ksid udkisl wiykhg
m;au'

ldka;dj fujeks fjkiafldg

ie,lS iy m%pKav;ajfhka wdrlaId
flfrk kS;s m%;smdok iy;sl lsu'

29

foAYmd,k n,j;=ka
iy wdOdrlrejka iska
ck;djg n,mE is
lsu' Tjqka iska kS;sh
w;g .ekSu" ixjOk
lghq;= Tjqkag wjYH
m ksishdldr
m%;sfhka f;drj
islsu'

is,a iudc n,h foaYmd,k

n, wldh iska
k;=lrf.k ;su'

ixjOk lghq;= lsu foaYmd,k

n,wldh hg;g fkdmjrk
kS;s we;s lsu ixjOk lghq;=
wlaIKh lsu m%dfoaYShj ck;djg
mejfrk whqka kS;s jHjia:dj
;=<ska iy;sl lsu'

30

u;a fkdjQ
ixjOkh ;=< is
jQ wl%l;d fidhd
ne,Sug fldiula m;a
fkdlsu yd l%shd;aul
fkdu'

m%cd wjYH;d fkdi,ld

islrk ixjOk lghq;=
ksid mirhg iy ck;djg
ydks isu" m%;sM,hla
fkdue;s u' uyck Okh
kdia;s u'

m%cdf m%uqL lr.;a ixjOk

lghq;= l%shdjg kexu iy wkjYH
ixjOkh ;=< isjk wl%l;d
ioyd bvm%ia:d ,ndfkdf kS;s
m%;smdok lsu'

31

rcfha bv foaYmd,k
wldhg iska w;am;a
lr .ekSu'

ck;djg j.d bv fukau

j;au ioyd wjYH bv
i|ydj;a whs;sh fkd,e
hdu'

uyck foam, jer wdldrfhka

w;am;a lr.;a foaYmd,k{hska
inkaOfhka fidhd ne,Sug
tajd h<s w;am;a lr.; yels kS;s
m%;smdok jHjia:dj u.ska we;slsu'

32

ynkaf;dg ia;s%lalh
ixjOkh jQ l,dmhla
f,i i,ld ol=fKa
ixjOkhg lsis rdcH
fkdjk ixOdkhla
fkdmeKSu yd m%cd
ixjOk flaI;%h ;=<
ksr; jQjkag rcfha
lsis ie,ls,a,la
fkdoelau'

jer ixjOk b,lal

fj; hdu fya;=fjka
ienEjgu ixjOkfha
m%;s,dN fkd,enqKq m%cdjg
widOdrKhla isu' fjk;a
rdcH fkdjk wdh;kj,
ixjOk jHdmD;s kxjd,Sug
yd iydh oelaug lghq;=
fkdlsu'

m%cd ixjOk flaI;%fha ksr;

jQjkaf.a iyh rcfha jHdmD;s ioyd
,nd.ekSu fukau ixjOkfha
m%;s,dN ,eh hq;a;ka fj;u
,ndf l%shd ms<sfj;a kS;s.; lsu'

33

wvq wdodh ,dNSka

f,i i,ld ,ndfok
iuDoa iykdOdrh
u.ska mam;=ka ;j;a
mSvdjg m;au'

mam;=ka fj; ,eh hq;=

jrm%ido wysu'

fuu jevigyk ;=< h<s wdmiq

,nd.kakd fldgia yd Kh wdOdr
l%u u.ska mam;=ka ;j ;j;a
mSvkhg m;au wju lsu kS;s
u.skau iy;sl lsu'

34

foaY.; jQ
foudmshkaf.a orejka
wkdrlaIs; u yd
mSvdjg m;au'

foudmshka foaY.; jQ miq

orejkaf.a wdrlaIdj ms<sn|j
.eg u;=u'

foaY.; jk .Dyfiajl
ldka;djkaf.a orejkaf.a lghq;=
fidhd ne,Su rcfha j.lSula f,iska
;yjqre u iy cd;Hka;r jYfhka
w;aika ;nd we;s f inkaOfhka
jk m%{ma;s l%shdjg kexf
wjYH;djh jHjia:dj u.ska
iy;sl lsu'

35

jr ludka;fha kshq;=
jrhkag iy jr
ksIamdokhkays fhfok
jr ldka;djkag ish
ksIamdok ixjOkh
lr .ekSu msKsi iyk
,nd fkdu fya;=fjka
Tjqka wirKNdjhg
m;a ;su'

jr ludka;h by<
kexug iy jr ck
;h by, kexug
lghq;= fkdlsu'

iyk Kh myiql" wdmkak

yd WmlrK ,nd u yd .sukay,a
blsu fukau ud wdY%s;j fjk;a
ksIamdok i|yd jr ldka;djkag
;dlaIKsl kqu iy iyk iqNidOk
,ndfuka ldka;d jr m%cdj
n,.kajk m%;sm;a;s imdokhg bv
m%ia:d jHjia:dj u.ska ;yjqre lsu'

41

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2' tia' iq.kHd
3' tA'' ud,d {dkj;S
4' tka' .dkau
5' pkaldka;s idkdhl

42

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m%jKav;ajh

woyi
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wjia:d wdKavql%u jHjia:du u.ska
iy;sl lsu'

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ldka;djkag
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iEu ldka;djlgu jfkdamdud.

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;yjqre lrk fuka fhdackd lruq'

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mej;Su'

ug iqiq c,h fkdue;su

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lsu'

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we;s whs;sh wdKavql%u jHjia:dj
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jHjia:dj u.ska ;yjqre lsu'

.eyekq <uhskag
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hdu'

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myiql fkdue;s u ksid .eyekq
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isu'

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myiql
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m%Odk k.rh jk lka;f,ag

hdu ioyd Wfoa 8'30 ka
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myiqlula ke;su'

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lsu'

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ffjoHjre" WmlrK iy
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;yjqre lsu'

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;u iehd h.sh miq

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o ysjk whqka iuwhs;sh ;yjqre
jk m bv kS;sh ixfYdaOkhg
,la l<yels kS;s m%;smdok jHjia:du
u.ska iy;sl lsu'

hqoaOfhka iy
fjk;a iudh
fya;+ka ksid
jekaoUqNdjhg
m;ajQ ldka;djkag
wdl iy O
iudh m%Yakj,g
uqyqKug isu

jekaoUq ldka;djkag bv
whs;sh" ksjdi whs;sh yd
jfkdamd ud. fkdue;su'
O iudh m%Yakj,g
uqyqKug isu'

jekaoUq iy ;ksujreka we;=

.DyuQ,sl ldka;djkaf.a wdl iy
iudh n,.ekau ;yjqrejk kS;s
;s fukau im;a ,ef iuwhs;sh
;yjqre jk m ldka;d whs;sjdisl
jHjia:djg we;= lsu'

10

jkw,s Wjr
jeu'

jkw,s . je f.d;eka yd
; ydks islsu

jk w,s m%Yakhg iaridr i

fif kS;suh m%;smdok we;s lsu

11

ldka;djka foaY
/lshd fidhd foaY
.;u fya;=fjka
Tjqka uqyqK fok
m%Yak'

ldka;djka foaY .;u

fnfyka by,hdu iy ta ksid
ldka;djka O wdldrfha
lror yd ;ckj,g uqyqK
mE l+gkhg f.dreu'

foaY .;jk ldka;djkaf.a wdrlaIdj

iqrlaId jk kS;s fukau tu mjq,aj,
idudlhskaf.a whs;sjdisl ;yjqre
jk kS;s jHjia:dj u.ska ia:dmkh
lsu'

12

ldka;djka kS;sfha
msysg m;d fmd,sia
ia:dkj,g .shg
Tjqkag uqyqK ug
isjk ;ck yd
ysxidjka jeu'

fuu wjia:djkaj, jdl iy

udkisl ysxidj,g wmjdoj,g
,lau'

ldka;djkaf.a m%Yakj,g ixf

iy ldka;djkag .relrk fmd,sia
fiajhla ia:dmkh l< yels m%;smdok
jHjia:dj u.skau ;yjqre lsu'

13

foaYmd,fha ldka;d
ksfhdackh wvqu'

md,sfka;=j" m<d;a md,kh

iy m<d;a iNdj, ldka;d
ksfhdackh b;du wvq
m%;sY;hl mej;Su'

ldka;djkaf.a iufoaYmd,k whs;sh

jHjia:dfjka ;yjqre lsu' iEu
;Ska ;SrK .kakd jHqyhlu ldka;d
ksfhdackh 50] olajd ;yjqre lsu'

14

ldka;djkaf.a
wdrCIdj iy
iqrCIs; nj ;yjqre
fkdu'
iduh iy
ixyshdjg
ndOdjla jk
ldrKd jHjia:df
wka;.; ;su'

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ksid ysxikhg f.dre u'

ldka;djkaf.a wdrlaIdj iy
iqrlaIKh jHjia:dfjka ;yjqre
lsu'

hqoaOh fya;=fjka fYaIfhkau

iqfYaI m%Yakj,g uqyqK ug
isjQ neka fujeks ldrKd
u.ska we;s l< yels ;;a;ajhka
wju lsu'

iduh iy ixys`hdj ;yjqre lsf

m%;smdok iy wksjdhfhkau
jHjia:dj ;=<skau ;yjqre lsu'

15

43

uq;+ m%foaYfha ldka;djka uqyqK fok m%Yak iy fhdackd

44

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1

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iy Ialr;d mej;Su'

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Wiia wOHdmkh i|yd

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02

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;=< wNHka;r
m%cd;ka;%jdoh
fkd;su fya;=fjka
ia;%Skag iu wjia:djka
wys u'

foaYmd,k mlaI ;=< wNHka;r

m%cd;ka;%jdoh ;yjqre flfrk
wdldrhg mCI jHjia:d iy m%;sm;a;s
imdokh lsf;a ishu foaYmd,k
mlaIj, kdhl;ajh i|yd ia;%Skag
iu wjia:djka ,ndfok kS;s m%;sm;a;s
imdokh lsu ioyd;a jk m%;smdok
kj wdKavql%u jHjia:dfjka ;yjqre
lrk f,i fhdackd lruq'

03

ixjOk ie,iq
ilia lsf ia;%Skaf.a
iu ksfhdackh iy
ixjOkfha m%;s,dN
ia;%Ska fj; iudkj
fkd,eu'

m%dfoaYSh" ia;%sla iy
cd;sl ugfuka
ixjOk lghq;=
iy fiajdjka i|yd
rcfha m%;smdok
fjka lsf ia;S%ka
i|yd wvq m%;smdok
fjkalsu fya;=fjka
fyda m%;smdok
fjka fkdlsu'
fya;=fjka ia;%Skaf.a
;sridr ixjOkhg
ndOd meKSu iy
ixjOkfha m%;s,dN
ia;%Ska fj; iudk
whqka fkd,e hdu'

iEu ixjOk ie,eiaula ;=< fukau

wOHdmk iy fi!LH jeks fiajdjka
imhk iEu fCIa;%hla ;=<u ia;%Ska i|yd
ksYa; m%;sY; fjka lsf ^ia;%S mqreI
iudcNdjhg ixf whjehlrKh&
m%;smdok jHjia:dfjkau ;yjqre lrk
f,iska fhdackd lruq'
ia;%Ska fj; iudk whqka ixjOkfha
m%;s,dN ,efnk f,i;a ia;%Skag ixjOk
l%shdodufha ish odhl;ajh mQK whqka
,ndh yels wdldrhg;a rdcH m%;sm;a;s
imdokh lsu i|yd wjYH u`.
fmka jHjia:dj ;=<ska ;yjqre lrk
f,i fhdackd lruq'
m%dfoaYSh iNdjkays md,k lghq;= ioyd
m;a lrkq ,nk md,k lgq 4 w;rg
ldka;d lgqjla ia:dmkh lsu'

45

46

04

ia;%shg tfrys
m%pKav;ajh

ia;%S mqreI iudcNdjh u;

mok jQ O
,sx.sl ysyerj,g
iy m%pKav;ajhg
,laug ia;%Skag isu
iy m%pKav;ajfhka
wdrlaId ug ia;%Ska
fj; kg mj;sk kS;s
ksis m ls%hd;aul
fkdu fya;=fjka ia;%Ska
wkdrlaIs; u' ysxikhg
f.dre u'

m%pKav;ajfhka f;drj j;aug

ia;%Skag we;s whs;sh wdKavql%u
jHjia:dj u.ska ;yjqre lsu'
kS;s ksis m l%shd;aul jk
njg ta i|yd we;s jHqyhka
ioyd n,flfrk m%;smdok iy
hdka;%Khka jHjia:dfjka ;yjqre
lrkakehs fhdackd lruq'

05

ia;%Ska inkaOfhka
hqla;sh mis|,Sf l%shd
ms<sfj;

ia;%Skag iy orejkag tfrys

m%pKav;aj isj,
tu kvq inkaOfhka
blauka ;Ska fok fYaI
wlrK l%shdj,shla
fkd;su fya;=fjka ia;%Ska
iy orejka wmyiq;djhg
,lau'

ia;%Ska iy <uqka m%pKav;ajhg iy

ysxikhg f.drejk wjia:djka
j, blaukska kvq ;Ska ,ndfok
wlrK moaO;shla ieliSf kS;suh
m%;smdok jHjia:dj ;=<ska iy;sl
lrk f,i fhdackd lruq'

06

kS;sh iy iduh
mis|,k wdh;k
foaYmd,kSlrKh u

fmd,Sish" rdcH fiajh

iy wlrK l%shdj,sh
foaYmd,k n,hg hg;au
fya;=fjka ia;%Ska mSvdjg
iy ,sx.sl w,a,ia .ekSu
jeks whqla;s iy.;
l%shdjkajys f.dre njg
m;a lsu'

rdcH fiajdjka foaYmd,khg k;=

lsu ;yk flfrk kS;s m%;smdok
kj jHjia:dj ;=<g f.k tau tajd
l%shd;aul jk nj ;yjqre flfrk
wlaIK l%shdud. ilia lsf
m%;smdok jHjia:djg we;=,;a
lrkakehs fhdackd lruq'

07

ia;%S mqreI iudcNdh

whjehlrKh

ixjOk jevie,iq iy
l%shd;aul lrk wdh;k
foaYmd,kSlrKh u"
rch iska ck;djg fjka
lrkq ,nk m%;smdok
fnhdu foaYmd,KSlrKh
u fya;=fjka ia;%Ska fj;
fukau nyq;rhla mam;=ka
fj; wod, m%;smdok
fn fkdhdu ia;%S mqreI
iudcNdjhg ixf
whqka fuu m%;smdok fn
fkdhdu'

ixjOk jev ioyd fjkajk

rcfha m%;smdok foaYmd,k{hska
iska fnod yefrk iy ;Ska
.kakd wdldrhg mj;sk kS;s
l%ufo fjkiafldg foaYmd,k
fNaohlska f;drj ishu ck;djg
ixjOk m%;s,dN N=la;s `h yels
whqka jk whs;sjdisl jHjia:dj
;=<ska ;yjqre lsu' fuu wdh;k
foaYmd,kSlrKh u je<elafjk
kS;s m%;smdok imdokh lsu tajd
ck;djf.a whs;shla f,iska ;yjqre
u iy ia;%S mqreI iudcNdjhg
ixf whjehlrKh ms<sn|
m%;smdok jHjia:dj ;=<skau ;yjqre
lrk f,i fhdackd lruq'

08

ia;%Ska iy fi!LH
ysl

fi!LH wOHdmkh we;=j

fiajdjka mQK whqka
ck;djg fkd,eu
Wod( rcfha frday,aj,ska
fnfy;a mska .kakg ,shd
u iy wjYH ffjoHjreka
iy myiql fkdue;su'
jeks fuu ;;a;ajhka ksid
ldka;djka jvd;a wirK
;;a;ajhg m;au'

fuu fiajdjka mQK jYfhka

ldka;djka we;= ck;djg ,eu
uQ,sl whs;shla f,iska jHjia:dj
u.skau ;yjqre lrk f,iska
fhdackd lruq'

09

ia;%sh" ksIamdok
fCIa;%h" ;dlaIKsl
oekqu myiql iy
uQ,H m%;smdok

nexl= Kh myiql
,ndf ia;S%kag
ia;%Ska u ksidu O
Iaalr;djhkag iy
widOdrKhg
,laug isu'
Wod( Kh ,nd.ekSu i|yd
wemlr iy foam, ia;%Ska
i;= fkdu jeks&

ia;%Skag wmyiq;djhlska f;drj b;d

myiqfjka f;dr;=re"
im;a-;dlaIKh iy Kh m%;smdok
,nd.; yels l%uhka fj; <`.df
whs;sh wdKavql%u jHjia:dj u.ska
;yjqre lsu' ^foam, wemlr
fkdue;sj&

10

ia;%S ixl%uKsl
fiajlhska

foaY.; Y%l ia;S%kaf.a

whs;Ska iy iqrCIs; nj
;yjqre fkdu'
Tjqkag trg fiajh lrk
ld,h ;=< ckao whs;sh
fkd,eu'

ixl%uKsl ia;%Skaf.a wdrCIdj

;yjqrejk wdldrfha m%;sm;a;s
imdokh lsu' ixl%uKsl
whs;sjdisl ;yjqre lsug
fmdfrdka fjka ,xldj w;aika
;nd we;s tlai;a cd;Skaf.a
ixl%uKsl fiajl whs;sjdisl
ms<sn| iuq;shg wkql+< jk whqka
ixl%uKsl fiajl whs;Ska ;yjqre
lrk moafoka kS;s m%;smdok we;s
lsu'
furg ;=< iEu ia;%shlgu
jfkdamd ud.hla ysjk
whqka Tjqkaf.a ysl
jHjia:dj u.skau ;yjqre lsu'
/lshd ud. W;amdokh lsu'
foaY .; Y%lhskag ckaoh
,ndug wjYH m%;smdok
wdKavql%u jHjia:dj u.ska
;yjqre lsu'

11

ia;%Skag
fjkiafldg
i,lk kS;s

we;e kS;s m%;smdok

ldka;djkag widOdrKjk
wdldrfhka ia;%S mqreI
iudcNdjhg ixf
fkdjk wdldrfhka
mej;Su' WodyrK f,iska
wdh;k ix.%yfha ia;S%kag
fjkia wdldrfhka
i,lkq ,nk kS;s we;=,;a
lr ;su' ^Wod( kS;Hdkql+,
jdyhlska f;drj
orejka ,nk ia;S%ka
rcfha /lshdj,ska
bj;a lsu' fYaIfhka
.=re jD;a;sh jeks&

ia;%Ska fjkialulg Ndckh lrk

ish ks;s ;s wKmk;a wfydais lr"
iudkd;au;djh ;yjqrejk wdldrhg
ish kS;s imdokh lsu' rch 1981
jIfha w;aika ;nd ms<s.kakd ,o
CEDAW iuq;sh ^ldka;djkag tfrys
ish wdldr fjkial msgqlSf
cd;Hka;r iuq;sh& n,.ekafjk
wdldrfha kS;s fr.=,dis ia;%Ska fj;
jHjia:dfjkau ;yjqre lsu'

12

wiudk jegqma f.u

iy fjkiafldg
ie,lSu

wu;a fCIa;%fha
fYaIfhka lDIsldsl
flaaIa;%fha ldka;djka
fj; iudk jevg iudk
jegqma fkd,eu'

rdcH we;= iEu fm!oa.,sl iy

wu;aa fCIa;%hlu iudk jevg
iudk jegqma ,ndf yslu ia;%Ska
fj; iy;sl flfrk m%;smdok
jHjia:dfjkau ia;%Ska fj; ,ndu'

13

ldka;d .Dy uQ,slhska

iy ;ks ujreka

ldka;d .Dy uQ,slhskaf.a jekaoUq fyda

;ks ujrekaf.a
whs;sjdisl ;yjqre
fkdu'

;ks ujrekaf.a - jekaoUq ia;%Skaf.a

whs;sjdisl ;yjqrejk wdldrhg kS;s
imdokh lsu Tjqkaf.a whs;sjdisl
kj jHjia:d u.ska ;yjqre lrk
f,iska fhdackd lsu'
47

14

48

hqouh ;;a;ajhka
;=< ia;%Ska" ,sg hqo
jekaoUqjkaf.a m%Yak

hqoaOfhka m;g
m;a isxy," fou<"
uqia,s we;= ishu
ldka;djkag fjkqfjka
iqfYaI ixjOk
jevigyka l%shd;aul
fkdu' Tjqkaf.a
jfkdamdh iy wdrlaIdj
iy;sl fkdu' fuys jhU
m<d;g fYaIfhka n,mdk
^,sg& hqo jekaoUqjka
uqyqK fok m%Yakhla jk
h<s jdyf Tjqkaf.a
imQK jegqm ,nd fkdu
ksid tu ia;%Skag h<s
jdyhla islr .ekSug
we;s whs;sh W,a,x>Kh
we;'

hqoaOhl ldka;djkaf.a wdrlaIdj

inkaOfhka tlai;a cd;Skaf.a
wdrlaIK uKav,h iska wmrdkqu;
lr ;sfnk 1325 ldka;dj iduh
iy wdrlaIdj hk ,sh,a, m%ldrj
ldka;djkaf.a wdrlaIdj ie,fik
wdldrfha kS;s m%;smdok jHjia:dj
u.ska ;yjqre lsu'
hqo^,sg& jekaoUqjka inkaOfhka
we;s widOdrK kS;s fjkia lsu'
ish iehdf.ka urKfhka miqj o
kS;Hdkql+< whqka mjq,a ;hla iy
,sx.sl ;hla .; lsug Tjqkag we;s
whs;sh ;yjqre jk wdldrhg mj;sk
kS;s ixfYdaOkhg wjia:d ie,iSu
jHjia:dfjkau ;yjqre lsu'

15

ia;%sh" foam, iy bv
whs;sh

ia;%Skag foam, iy bv
whs;sh fkd,eu' rcfha
bvj, miq Wreuh
mshdf.ka jeuy,a mq;dg
ysjk wdldrfhka
mj;sk bv ms<sn| kS;s
u.ska foam, whs;shg
ia;a%Skag we;s yslu
W,a,x>Kh u'

ia;%Skag widOdrKhla jk wdldrfhka

mj;sk foam, iy rcfha bv ms<sn|
h,a mek.sh kS;s ;s ia;%Skag ys;lr
ia;%Skaf.a whs;sjdisl wdrlaId jk
wdldrfhka ixfYdaOkh lsu iy
foam,j, iu whs;sh oeug ia;%Skag
we;s whs;sjdislu jHjia:dj u.skau
;yjqre lsu'

16

,sx.sl keUqrej iy
,sx.sl;ajh u;
fjkial islsu'

mqoa.,fhl=g ;u ,sx.sl
keUqrej wkqj lghq;=
lsug we;s whs;jdisl
ms<sfkd.ekSu fya;=fjka
Tjqka iudh jYfhka
widOdrKhg" fjkialug"
fldkalsug iy ysxikhg
f.dreu'

kEu ia;%shlg fyda mqreIfhl=g

fyda ixl%dka;s mqoa.,fhl=g ;u
,sx.sl keUqrejg wkqj lghq;= lsug
we;s whs;sjdisl jHjia:dfjka
;yjqre l< hq;= w;r Tjqkaf.a
wdrCIdj iy whs;sjdisl ;yjqre
flfrk wdldrfha kS;s imdokh
l< yels wdldrhg bv m%ia:djka
jHjia:dj ;=<ska ;yjqre lrk fuka
fhdackd lruq'

17

fjkia yelshdjka
iys; ia;%Ska iy
<uqkaf.a ysl

fjkia yelshdjka iys;

ia;%Ska" .eyeKq <uqka we;=
wdnd; ckhdg u;a
wdrlaIdjla fkdue;su'
Tjqkaf.a whs;sjdisl
wdrlaId fkdu'
fYaIfhka rcfha iy
fm!oa.,sl wdh;kj,g
m%YaG f iy f;dr;=re
fj; <`.df fukau
wOHdmk myiql
,ef /lshd ,ef
fjkial isu'

wdnd; ia;%Ska" .eyeKq <uqka we;=

ish wdnd; mqoa.,hska wdrlaId
lsu iy Tjqkag cd;Hka;r ugf
whs;sjdisl ysjk wdldrfha
kS;s m%;sm;a;s imdokhg wjia:d"
jHjia:dj u.ska ;yjqre lrk f,ig
fhdackd lruq'

18

.eyeKq <uqkaf.a
whs;sjdisl

.eyeKq <uqkaf.a fukau

iuia;hla f,iska
<uhskaf.a whs;sjdisl
oreKq wdldrfhka iudch
;=< W,a,x>Kh
u' .eyeKq <uqka
m%pKav;ajhg" ,sx.sl
ysxikhg iy lDDr
wudkqIsl >d;khg
f.dre u'

,sx.sl wmfhdackhg Ndckh jk

.eyeKq <uqkaf.a mdie,a wOHdmkh
wLKvj mj;ajdf.k hd yels
wdldrfha kS;s m%;smdok ;yjqre lsu'
<ud whs;sjdisl ;yjqre lsu Wfoid
fYaI fldiula m;a lsu'

19

wvq jhia jdy

m<d; mqrdu wvq jhiska

.eyeKq <uqka ujreka jk
m%jk;djhla mej;Su'

.eyeKq <uqka inkaOfhka fYaI

wjOdkh fhduq lrk fYaIfhka
wkdrlaIs; orejka iqrlaIKh lrk
jevms<sfjf,l wjYH;djh kS;s wK
mk;a u.ska ;yjqre lsu tu kS;s
l%shd;aul jk njg j.n,d .efkk
jHqyhka iy m%;smdok jHjia:dj
u.ska ;yjqre lrk f,ig fhdackd
lruq'

20

ia;%Skaf.a m%ckk
whs;sjdisl

ia;%Skag ;ukaf.a Yrh

md,kh lr.ekSug
whs;shla ke;su' WodyrK
f,iska .idj kS;s.;
fkdu'

ia;%Skag ;u Yrh md,kh lr.ekSf

whs;sh iy;sl lrka .idj
kS;s .;fldg ia;%Skaf.a m%ckk
whs;sjdisl ;yjqre lrkakehs
fhdackd lruq'

21

udOH Nd;dj iy ia;%sh

ia;%Skag wf.!rj lrk

foaYmd,k ixialD;shla iy
udOH Nd;djla mej;Su'

ia;%Skag wf.!rj lrk udOH Nd;dj

iy foaYmd,k ixialD;sh ;yk
flfrk kS;s m%;smdok jHjia:dj
u.ska iy;sl lrk f,ig fhdackd
lruq'

22

iq/l= wdlh iy
ia;%S Y%uh

ia;%Ska iska jegqmla

fkd,nd mjq, fjkqfjka
fhdojkq ,nk Y%uhg
jkdlula fkdu'

ia;%Ska iska jegqmla fkd,nd ish

mjq, fjkqfjka islrkq ,nk
w;s uy;a ldhNdrh fjkqfjka
iudh iy wdluh jkdlula
f.dvkexfjk kS;s ;s imdokh
lsu Tiafia ia;%S Y%uhg jkdl
,ndu iy;sl lsu'

23

ixialD;sh" wd.u"
;Hdj iy w.;s.d
wdl,am

ia;%sh mSvdjg m;alrk iq

ugf w.;s.d wd.l"
ixialD;sl iy wdl,amuh
is;a ;a Nd;djka
mej;Su' fYaIfhka
jekaoUqjka" orejka ke;s
ia;%Ska inkaOfhka iy
ia;%S iqkak; is lsu jeks

ia;%Ska mSvdjg m;a lrk ish

ixialD;sl" wd.l iy wdl,am"
u;jdo fukau mqoa., kS;s" m%dfhda.sl
Nd;djka jHjia:dj u.skau ;yk
lsu'

49

50

24

ish fldIka iNdj,

ia;%Skag iu ksfhdackh

ue;sjrK fldIka iNdj

we;= m;a lrk ,o ish
fldika iNdjkays ia;%S
ksfhdackh wju u'

fuu fldIka iNd foaYmd,k wes,s

.eiSj,ska f;dr iajdk fldIka
iNd njg m;a lsf m%;smdok fukau
iy ia;%S mqreI iudcNdjhg ixf"
iu ia;%S ksfhdackhlg bv ,ndfok
fldIka iNd njg m;a lsf kS;s
imdokh l< yelsjk wdldrfha
m%;smdok jHjia:dj u.skau ;yjqre
lrkakehs fhdackd lruq'

25

iajdk ldka;d
fldiul wjYH;djh

ldka;djkaf.a m%Yak
inkaOfhka kS;sh
yye l%shd;aul fkdjk
wjia:djkaj, fukau wod,
whs;sjdisl ls%hd;aul
lsug iy miqmr lsug
ksis jHqyhla fkd;su'

iajdk ldka;d fldiula ia:dms;

lsf m%;smdok jHjia:dj u.ska
;yjqre lrkakehs fhdackd lruq'

26

,sx.sl wOHdmkh

,sx.sl wOHdmkh ms<sn|

<uhska ;=< we;s wjfndaOh
wvq ksid O m%Yakj,g
<uqka f.dreu'

mdie,a Ih ud,djg ,sx.sl wOHdmk

Ih iy ia;%S mqreI iudcNdjh Ih
we;=<;a lsf m%;sm;a;s imdokhg
bvlv jHjia:dj u.ska ;yjqre
lrkakehs fhdackd lruq'

27

j;aug we;s whs;sh

j;udk jHjia:dj ;=<

j;a f whs;sh ;yjqre
fkdu'

uQ,sl whs;sjdislula f,i

j;aug mqoa.,fhl=g we;s whs;sh
kj wdKavql%u jHjia:dj u.ska
;yjqrelrk f,iska fhdackd lruq'

28

jhU m<df;a fjfik

fjk;a ckj.j,
whs;sjdisl

jhU m<df;a fjfik

fou<" uqia,s ck
lKavdh fukau j."
f;,s=" u;" wms%lka jeks
foaY iNjhla we;s ck
lKavdhj, whs;sjdisl
;yjqre fkd;su'

Y%S ,dxlslhska jk fuu mqrjeishkag

o iu whs;sjdisl iy;sl lrka
Tjqkaf.a mqrjeis whs;sh iqrCIs; lsu'

29

wdKavql%u jHjia:df
12'4 jHjia:dj

kg ls%hd;aul wdKavql%u
jHjia:df uQ,sl
whs;sjdisl j, 12-4
jHjia:df olajd we;s
ldka;djka" <uhska iy
wn, ;eke;a;ka tlg u
;=< ia;S%kag widOdrKhla
isu'

ia;S%kag widOdrKhla fkdjk

wdldrhg tu j.ka;s ixfYdaOkh
l< hq;=h' ^ia;S%ka" <uhska iy wn,
n, .Khg oeu ;=< iudcfha
mQK mqrjeisfhla f,i ms<s.ekSug
we;s bvlv ;j;a wyqrdouhs& f
ksid ia;%Ska iy <uqka fukau"
wdnd; fyda fjkia yelshdjka
iys; msia mqoa.,hska fjka fjkaj
wduka;%Kh flfrk m fjkia h
hq;= hehs fhdackd lruq'

30

uQ,sl whs;sjdisl

ldka;d whs;sjdisl
;yjqrejk wdldrhg
jHjia:df kS;s we;=,;a
fkdu'

uQ,sl whs;sjdisl mfohg ia;%S

whs;sjdisl we;=,;a flfrk j.ka;s
kj wdKavql%u jHjia:djg we;=<;a
lrkakehs fhdackd lruq'

31

ckj. iy wd.l
ixyshdj

mj;sk wdKavql%u
jHjia:dj ;=<skau cd;s iy
wd. fNaohg wjia:djka
i,id ;su'
rg ;=< iduh iy
ixys`hdjg ndOd t,a,
lrk wd.l iy
foaYmd,ksl m%pKav l%shd
isu'

lsisu wd.ulg cd;shlg m%uqL;ajh

,nd fkd" iudk;ajh iy
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rf ck ;hg ydkslrk" iduhg
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iy .egqug wdjvk lsisu wd.l
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wdKavql%u jHjia:dj ;=< ia:dmkh
lsu'

32

ks|Ndjh iy j.u

uyck ksfhda;hskaf.a
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;=< ;yjqre lsu'

33

wdKavql%u jHjia:d
imdokfha iy
ixfYdaOkh lsu'

wdKavql%u jHjia:d
imdokfha iy mk;a
ieleiSf mqrjeishkaf.a
woyia ,nd fkd.ekSu
fya;=fjka O m%Yak
u;=u'

rf jHjia:dj" kS;s moaO;sh iy

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iy Yaj oHd,j, Ihud,djkag
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mqrjeishkaf.a woyia ,nd .ekSf
ksYa; l%ufohla wksjdhh lsf
m%;smdok jHjia:dj ;+< ;yjqre
lsu'

34

ia;%S whs;sjdisl
iq/flk jHjia:djla
ms<sn| furg ia;%Skaf.a
isyskh

wOHdmkh" foaYmd,kh
fi!LH" iudc lghq;=
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hk iEu fCIa;%hlu
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iy .eyeKq <uqka O
wdldrfha fjkialj,g
Ndckh fjka is'

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fjkial msgq olsk ia;%Skaf.a
whs;sjdisl ;yjqrejk kj
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fj; mj;S' tneka ishu ,dxlSh
ia;%Skaf.a whs;sjdisl ;yjqre jk
wdldrfha kj wdKavqlu jHjia:djla
imdokh lrk f,iska fhdackd
lruq'

51

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ia;s%lal
( ud;f,a
ixOdkh
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inkalrKh
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kh
( 2016 fmnrjd 01
ia:dkh
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1

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hdu'

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52

c , wl u iy foaYSh c
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2

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jkdl ,ndf kS;s ieliSug
wod, m%;smdok jHjia:dj ;=<ska
;yjqre lsu'

53

kS;s ;s m%{ma;s iy foaYmd,k

ksfhdackh
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;Ska ;SrK .kakd iudc
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iudc ;;a;ajh"
ks,n,h" Okh wdh
u; lghq;= lsu'

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wjia:d wysu'

f;dr;=re k.ekSf
wmyiq;d'

ch.%yKfhka miq uka;S%jreka

foaYmd,k mCI udre lsu'
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isu'
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fjfyiSug" ta i|yd rla
hdug ldka;djkag isu'
ldka;djka w;r /lshd
rys;Ndjh jeu'

54

;Ska ;SrK .ekSf

ixf fkdu'

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u.ska iy;sl u'

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ldka;djkaf.a whs;sjdisl
f,iska ;yjqre h hq;=f'
iu jevg iu jegqma ,ef
whs;sh ;yjqre lsu'

55

ud;r
ia;s%lalh
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ixOdkh
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ia:dkh
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3' mdks ,shkf.a
4' ,dxc,S ms%hoYkS

56

wxlh

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woyi

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01

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nd,u ms ifydaorhskag
muKla ysf
idm%odhka iy kS;s
mej;Su'

ldka;djkaf.a bv yslu wdKavql%u

jHjia:dj ;=<ska ;yjqre lsu' mj;sk
kS;s ixfYdaOkhg ,lah hq;=hehs
fhdackd lruq'

06

07

jr ldka;djkag
isjk iudc iy
mjq, ;=<ska isjk
,sx.sl ysyer

ixl%uKsl
ldka;djkaf.a
whs;sjdisl
wdrCId fkdu'

jrhskaf.a /lshd myiqj

i|yd ks;ru fjrf<ys
.ejiSug isf'
udi ;=kl muK ld,hla
jr ludka;h i|yd hUg
.sh iehd kej; meKsg
wiajdNdl f,i ,sx.sl
wjYH;d bgqlr .ekSSug
W;aidy u ksid ldka;djka
ysxikhg f.dre u'
,shdmx wdh;khlska
foaY.;jk ;u mjq,
yd inkaO;d meje;au
wys u'
weh foaY.;j fiajh
lrk ld,fha iehd
wh:d inkaO;d
meje;au' uqo,a ksis m
l,ukdlrKh fkdu'

fuu mqreIhska iy ldka;djka ioyd

udkisl WmfoaYk wjia:djka
f.dvke.Su' mjq, ;=< ksoyiaj
ysxikhg f.dre fkd j;aug jr
ldka;djkag we;s whs;sh jHjia:dj
;=<skau ;yjqre lsu'

foaY .; Y%l ldka;djkaf.a

whs;sjdisl wdrlaId flfrk kS;s
imdokh u' fuu ldka;djka
fjkqfjka Y%du jegqma l%uhla ia:dms;
lsu'

orejkaf.a wOHdmkh iy
wkd.;h lvdjeu'
mjq, ;=<
fukau iudcfha
ldka;djg wiudk
f,i ie,lSu'

mjq, ;=< isjk ysxikh

09

ksoyia fi!LH
fiajd fkdue;s
u'

w;HdjYH fnfy;a iy
fi!LH fiajd uqo,g .ekSug
isu fya;=fjka ldka;djka
we;= ck;dj widOdrKhg
f.dre u'

u;a ck;djg nrla fkdjk fi!LH

fiajdjla iy;sl lsu'

10

we`.`t ludka;
fCIa;%fha kshe`tkq
ldka;djka
ysxikhg iy
widOdrKhg
f.dre u'

fuu fialdjkag meh

09la isgf.k jev lsug
isf'

we. llre ia;%Skag kS;suh

/ljrK ia:dms; lsu'

08

fmd m%jdykfha isjk

ysxikh'
ldka;djf.a woyia j,g
.re fkdlsu'

mjq, ;=< fukau iudch ;=< o

ldka;djkaf.a whs;sjdisl wdrlaId
fjk kS;s imdokh u iy tajd
l%shd;aul jk njg ;yjqre u'

ksis f,i jegqma

fkd,eu'
flh meh Nd.hlg
iSud u'
r;%S fiajh wksjdh lsu'

11

wdydr ixialD;sh
| jeu'

fmdaIK W!K;d we;su'

f,v frda.j,g
f.dreu'
.NKS ujqjrekag
rla;ySk;djh fya;=fjka
frda.dndO je<u'

Yrhg ys;lr wdydr m%jOkh lsu

u.ska .NKS ldka;djka" orejka we;=
ishu ck;djg ksis fmdaIKh iys;
wdydr ,eug we;s whs;sh ;yjqre lsu'

65

ldka;djka
kS;sfha msysg
fidhd hdf
widOdrKhg
f.dreu'

meKs,s ksjerj ,shd

fkd.ekSu'

13

foaYmd,k{hska
ch.%yKfhka
miqj mCI
udrelsu ksid
ck;dj wirK
u'

f ksid Pkao odhlhska

wirKu'

14

ldka;djkag
bv whs;sjdisl
fkdue;slu'

mj;sk kS;sh wkqj ldka;djg ldka;djkaf.a bv whs;sh ;yjqre

bv i|yd iu ysl wysj flfrk kS;s imdokh h hq;=h'
we;'

15

foaYmd,kh
;=< ldka;djg
iu whs;sh
fkdue;su'

m<d;a md,k wdh;k" m<d;a

iNd iy md,sfka;=j
;=< iu ksfhdackhla
ldka;djkag fkdue;su'

jHjia:dkql+,j ysl ;yjqre lsu'

16

CEDAW jeks
cd;Hka;r
m%{ma;sj,g rch
iska w;aika
,nd ;snqko
tajdg wod,j
whs;sjdisl
;yjqre fkdu'

ish`tu wdldrfhka ldka;dj

fkdi,ld yeug Ndckh
f'

iSfvda iuq;shg wod,j fukau rg

;=< mj;sk ish kS;s" wK mk;a
;=<ska ldka;djkaf.a ish`t whs;sjdisl
wdrlaId flfrk wdldrhg jHjia:d .;
lsu'

17

ixjOk jHdmD;s
j,ska uqo,a
.idlEu'

jHdmD;sh wid:l u'

wruqKq bgq fkdu' fldia"
w,a,ia .ekSu'

fujeks .idlE uevmeje;ah yels

kS;s iy ldka;djkag ys;lr fr.=,dis
jHjia:dj u.skau ;yjqre lr.; hq;=j
we;'

18

IKhg ,lajk
ia;%Skag hqla;sh
mis|,Sf
;jrg;a weh
mSvkhg m;au'

ldka;djka wfmaCId
Nx.;ajhg m;au' wiykhg
m;au hqla;sh bgq fkdu'

kS;s u`.ska wehj iqrCIs; lsug wjYH

lrk kS;suh m%;smdok jHjia:dj
u.ska ldka;djka fj; ,eh hq;= hehs
fhdackd lruq'

12

66

uqo,a iy ,sx.sl w,a,ia

b,a,Su'

fmd,sia ks,Odka oe khlg hg;a

lsu iy kS;sh ij idOdrKj
l%shd;aul lsf m%;smdok jHjia:dj
;=<ska iy;sl lsu'

kS;shg foaYmd,{hskag
hg;a ug isu'
ms,audre lsf foaYmd,khg ;yx
mekfjk kS;s ia:dmkh lsu'

r;akmqr
ia;s%lalh ( r;akmqr
ixOdkh ( taldnoaO m%cd ixjOk ldka;d uyd ix.uh
,smskh ( je,sf.fmd," n,xf.dv
inkalrKh ( t' fKqld Nldka;s ^m%Odk inkaldld&
kh ( 2016 fmnrjd 29
ia:dkh
( r;akmqr ia;%sla f,al ldhd,h
iyNd.s;ajh ( t' fKqld Nldka;s
;=Idrd ks,aKS
wxlh

m%Yakh

woyi

fhdackdj

01

ldka;djkag bv
whs;sh fkd,eu'

je,sf.fmd, m%dfoaYSh
f,al fldGdYh ;=<
ldka;djkaf.a bv whs;sh
10] olajd wvq ugul
mej;Su'

bv iy foam, whs;sh ms<sn|

ldka;djkag we;s ysl kj
wdKavql%u jHjia:dj u.ska ;yjqre
lrk f,i fhdackd lruq'

02

ud;D fi!LH myiql

m%Odk k.r fj;
flaka .;u'

m%dfoaYSh f,al fldgdY

05 muK .eKs ujreka
i|yd tla (VOG) kdfo
ffjoHjrfhla muKla
^fm!oa.,slj yuq m%;sldr
.ekSf mjd& isu'

ishu ujrekag fi!LH myiql

myiqfjka yd Wiia ugka
fkdf,a ,nd .ekSu i|yd jQ
whs;sh kj jHjia:dj u.ska ;yjqre
lsu'

03

rcfha iykdOdr
,ef mjqf,a
wka whf.a /lshdj
u; ldka;djkag
iykdOdrh wysu'

rcfha fiajfha kshq;=

ks,Odka isk mjq,aj,
ldka;djkag yd orejkag
iajhx/lshd wdOdr fyda
YsIH;aj wdOdr fkd,eu'

mqreIhskaf.a jegqm u; rod fkdisg

ldka;djkag ;u wd:slh f.dvk.d
.ekSug we;s whs;sh jHjia:dfjka
;yjqre lrk fuka fhdackd lruq'

04

o<od ud<s.djg wod<j

hjvk ks,f
f;au i|yd Pkaoh
Nd;d lsug m%dfoaYSh
f,aljhkag ^ldka;d
ks,Odkag& wjia:dj
fkd,eu'

oka;Od;+ka jykafia furgg

jevuu ldka;djl iska
is lrkq ,enQjla jqj;a
j;udkh jkg tys
lsis lghq;a;la ioyd
ldka;djkag wjia:dj wys
u'

ldka;d iy mqreI jYfhka fNaohla

fkdlr hjvk ks,f f;dard
m;alsf tu Pkao whs;sh
ldka;djka fj; ;yjqre flfrk
kS;s m%;smdok jHjia:dj u.ska
iy;sl lsu'

05

ldka;djkag tfrys
m%pKav;ajh" ysxikh
yd IKh fkka k
by,hdu'

ldka;djkag isjk
ysxikj, kS;sh ukao.d
f,i l%shd;aul u yd
jerlrejkag w;aysg jQ isr
o~qj kshu lsu'

wlrK l%shdud. lk lsu

i|yd wjYH m%;smdok ie,iSu yd
ia;%S IK iy ysxikj, pQ;hskag
w;sysgjQ isr o~qj ,nd fkd
ldka;djkag m%pKav;ajfhka f;drj
j;aug we;s whs;sh wdKavql%u
jHjia:dj u.ska ;yjqre lrk fuka
fhdackd lruq'
iajdk ldka;d fldi
iNdjla msysgqu i|yd m%;smdok
jHjia:dfjka i,ik f,iska
fhdackd lruq'

06

ldka;djkag bv
iy foam, whs;sh
fkd,eu'

rcfha bv ,ndf miq

Wreuh ldka;djka fj;
fkd,eu' jekaoUq yd ;ks
ldka;djkag foam, whs;sh
,nd .ekSug fkdyelsu'

foam, whs;sh ms<sn| ia;%S mqreI

Ndjh fkdi,ld iudk whs;sjdisl
jHjia:dj u.ska ;yjqre lsu'

67

68

07

mdi,aj, yd fmd
ia:dkj, ldka;djka
ioyd ikSmdrlaIl
myiql fkdue;s u'

mdi,a" r.uka fiajd nia

kej;=fmd," frday,a j,
yd wfkl=;a fmd ia:dkj,
m%udKj;a myiql
fkd;su'

fmd ia:dkj, wx. imQK f,i

iy wdrlaIs; whqka ldka;djkag
ikSmdrlaIl myiql ,nd .ekSf
whs;sh ;yjqre flfrk kj kS;s
imdokhg wjYH u`.fmka
wdKavql%u jHjia:dj u.ska we;s
lrk fuka fhdackd lruq'

08

msis mdkSh c,
myiql fkdue;s u'

c, myiql fkdue;su
msis mdkSh c,h ,nd .ekSf isg
ksid ldka;djka fYaIfhka c,h ms<sn| ck;djg we;s whs;sh
wu;r mSvdjg m;au'
wdKavql%u jHjia:dj u.skau ;yjqre
lsu'

09

ue;sjrKj,
ck;djf.ka
m%;slafIam jQ
foaYmd,k{hska
md,sfka;=j
ksfhdackh lsu'

f u.ska ck u;h iy
leue;a; fkdi,ld yeu
iy yE,ajg ,la lsu'

cd;sl ,ehsia;=fjka mqoa.,hska

f;dard.ekSf fYaI{jreka"
wd.l kdhlhska" is,a ixOdk
ksfhda;jreka" oaj;=ka m;alr
.ekSug wjYH m%;smdok ie,iSu'
mrdch jQ foaYmd,k{hska m;a l<
fkdyelsjk wdldrfhka m%;smdok
;yjqre lrk f,iska fhdackd lruq'

10

foaYmd,k
ksfhda;jreka mlaIh
udre lsu'

ck;djf.a Pkao whs;sfha

f.!rjhg ydks lsu'

ck;djf.a Pkao whs;sfha iy tys

f.!rjfha yslu ;yjqre flfrk
m%;sm;a;s imdokhg jHjia:dj
u.ska bv wjia:d we;s lrk fuka
fhdackd lruq'

11

iudkqmd;sl Pkao l%uh

fya;=fjka ue;sjrK
l%shdj,sh m%pKav
iajremhla .ekSu'

Pkao jHdmdrh YsIaG

imkak fkdu ksid
ldka;djka ta i|yd fhduq
fkdu' Pkao odhlhskaf.a
whs;Ska W,a,x>kh u'

flaj, wdik l%uhg iy fldgdY

l%uhg Pkaoh meje;aug wjYH
m%;smdok jHjia:dj u.ska ie,iSu'

12

rch w;aika lrk

cd;Hka;r .siqj,
;sfnk lreKq
l%shd;aul fkdu'
Wod( iSfvda m%{ma;sh

w;aika lrk ,o .siq

n,d;aul lsug wjYH
kS;s iy m%;smdok ie,iSu
ms<sn|j rcfha wjOdkh
fhduq fkdu'

w;aikafldg tl`.;djh m,lrkq

,nk cd;Hka;r m%{ma;s iy
.siqj, wvx.= whs;Ska ck;dj
fj; ,ef whs;sh jHjia:dfjka
;yjqre lrk fuka fhdackd lruq'

13

ldka;djkag m%udKj;a
;dlaIKsl oekqu
fkd,eu'

ia;%S mqreINdjh wkqj

/lshd fjkalr ;su'

ia;%S mqreI Ndjh fkdi,ld

;dlaIKsl oekqu ,ef whs;sh
;yjqre lsu'

14

m%d:l wOHdmk
l%ufoh foudmshkag
yd orejdg ord .ekSug
fkdyels u'

orejkaf.a m%d:l
wOHdmkh fya;=fjka
ujreka fj; wu;r nrla
meg ;su'

orejdg iy foudmshkag nrla

fkdjk cd;sl m%d:l wOHdmk
l%shdj,shla ilia lsu i|yd wjYH
kS;suh m%;smdok jHjia:dfjka
;yjqre lsu'

15

m%dfoaYSh iNd" m<d;a

iNd we;= cd;sl
ugf ;Ska ;SrK
.kakd ia:dkj,
ldka;d ksfhdackh
wvq u'

ldka;djkag iqfYaIS m%Yak

wduka;%Kh fkdu'

;Ska ;SrK .kakd ia:dkj,

ldka;djkaf.a iuiyNd.S;ajh
we;s lsu i|yd wjYH m%;smdok
jHjia:dfjka u i,ik fuka
fhdackd lruq'

16

ksjer f;dr;=re ,nd

.ekSf l%ufohla
fkdue;su'

O udOHhka Tiafia
mlaI.%dySj bm;ajk
f;dr;=re yereKq g
ck;djg ksjer f;dr;=re
,nd.ekSfksYa; ud.
fkdue;su'

ksjer f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug

ck;djg we;s whs;sh jHjia:dj
u.ska ;yjqre lrk fuka fhdackd
lruq'

17

rdcH fiajh we;=

ishu rdcH wdh;k
foaYmd,kSlrKh
;su'

m%cdjg m%;s,dN ,nd f

mlaI foaYmd,kh
wkq.ukh lsu'

ck;djg mlaI fNao fkdkld iudk

whs;sjdisl ,nd .ekSf whs;sh
jHjia:dj u.ska ;yjqre lsu'

18

rcfha ks,Odkaf.a
fiajh m%udKj;a m
fkd,eu'

m%cdjg ksis fiajhla

fkd,eu ksid
wmyiq;djhg m;a u'

rdcH ks,Odkaf.ka ck;djg ,eh

hq;= fiajh ksis m ,nd .ekSf
ck;d whs;sjdisl jHjia:dj u.ska
;yjqre lsu'

19

l=Kq li, ksis f,iska l=Kq li, ksis m

l<ukdlrKh fkdu' l<ukdlrKh fkdlsfuka
oreKq mdil m%Yakj,g
uqyqK ug isu'

fmd ck fi!LHhg n,mdk

l=Kq li, m%;splal%ShlrKh
lsf ksYa; m%;sm;a;shla iy
jevms<sfj,la ms<sn| m%;smdok
jHjia:dj u.skau ;yjqre lsu'

20

mdil f.d;ek
jHdma; fkdu'

jiI Nd;h ksid ukqiai

j; we;= ka iy
mirh kdYhg m;au'

mdil f.d;ek ms<sn|

uKav,hla fyda fomd;fka;=jla
msysgqu u.ska ck;djf.a fi!LH
wdrlaIdj iy;sl flfrk kS;suh
m%;smdok jHjia:dj u.ska iemhSu'

21

j.d lsu i|yd iqiq

c j. fkdue;su
yd , wl u'

j| c" cdk fjkia lrk

,o c ksid f.d ck;dj
mSvdjg m;au yd tu
f.d;ek ;sridr fkdu'

c ksIamdokh" .nvd lsu"

yqjudrej iy wf,h i|yd jQ
f.dkaf.a whs;sh ;yjqre u'
;sridr ixjOkhg wjYH kS;suh
miqu jHjia:dj u.ska ;yjqre
lsu'

22

nyqcd;sl
iud.j,g yd
foaYslhskag uyd
mudKfhka bv
meju'

foaYSh l=vd mudK

f.dhdg bv wysu'

Y%S ,dxlslhskaf.a bv whs;sh

wdKavql%u jHjia:dj u.ska ;yjqre
lsu'

23

jeys ldka;djkaf.a
yd mskaf.a m%ckk
fi!LHh yd fmdaIKh
ms<sn| lghq;=
fkdlsu'

wjqre 05 g wvq orejka

isk ujreka yd .NKS
ujreka inkaOfhka
muKla ie,ls,su;a u'

jhia fNaohlska f;drj ish

fokdf.a fi!LH yd fmdaIK
;;a;ajh k.disgqug wjYH kS;suh
m%;smdok jHjia:dj u.ska ;yjqre
lsu'

24

wdodh Iu;djh je wjYH;d imqrd .ekSug

u'
fkdyelsu' NdKavj, ,
wl u'

ishfokdf.au uQ,sl wjYH;d imqrd

.ekSf whs;sh jHjia:dj u.ska
;yjqre lrk f,ig fhdackd lruq'

25

fmd m%jdyk fiajdj

wu;a u'

u;a m%jdyk fiajdjla ,nd

.ekSf ck;djg we;s whs;sh
;yjqre lsu' fmd m%jdyk
fiajdjkaj, ldka;djkag fjka jQ
wdik fjka lsu u.ska ksoyfia
.uka uka hdfug ldka;djg we;s
whs;sh ;yjqre lsu'

fmd m%jdyk fiajd

Nd;fha ldka;djkag
isjk w;jr
m%jdyk fiajh l%uj;a
fkdjk ksid isjk jev
w;miq yd ld,h kdia;s
u'

69

70

26

fm!oa.,sl wxYfha
/lshdj,
ldka;djkaf.a wdrlaIdj
;yjqre fkdu'

,sx.sl w;jr" udkisl mSvd"

ldhsl mSvd jeks foaj,g
uqyqK mEug ldka;djkag
isu'

ldka;djkag /lshd ia:dkfha

wdrlaIdj ;yjqre flfrk kj
kS;s ;s imdokhg wjia:djka
iy;sl lsu'

27

j;=lrfha
ldka;djkaf.a uQ,sl
wjYH;d imqrd .ekSug
fkdyelssu'

bv" ksjdi" ikSmdrlaIdj"

wOHdmkh" fmdaIKh jeks
myiql m%udKj;a fkdu'

j;=lrfha ldka;djkaf.a uQ,sl

wjYH;d m%udKj;a ugka imqrd
.ekSf whs;sh jHjia:dj u.skau
;yjqre lsu'

28

is,a ixOdk
l%shdldka iudc
l%shdldka$
ls%hdldkshka f,i
ms<s fkd.ekSu'

m%cdj ugka iQodk

lsf yelshdj is,a
ixOdkj, l%shdldlhska
i;=j ;sf'

is,a ixOdk kshuqjka iudc

l%shdldka$ls%hdldkshka f,i
ms<s.ekSu ;yjqre flfrk kS;s
imdokhg wjia:d jHjia:dj u.ska
we;s lrk fuka fhdackd lruq'

29

foaYSh ixialD;sl
inr.uqj" Wvrg" my;rg"
wx.hka msySug ,lau W;=re yd kef.kysr jeks
yd kdYhg m;au'
fYaIs; m%foaYj, ;snqKq
kegq" weoys,s" l,dYs,am"
foaYSh {dkh" fjolu
jeks foaa mydkshg m;a
iudcfhka bj;au'

ta ta m%cdjkaf.a ixialD;sl whs;Ska

;yjqre lr .ekSu yd yslu
,ndug kj wdKavql%u jHjia:dj
u.ska wjYH kS;s m%;smdok i,ik
f,iska fhdackd lruq'

n,a,
ia;s%lalh
( n,a,
ixOdkh
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ldka;d ixjOk flakah
,smskh ( wxl 146$1" .,aleh" yEf.dv" n,a,'
inkalrKh
( pkad chr;ak
kh ( 2016 fmnrjd 23$24
lreKq bm;a lsug iyNd.s jQjka
(
1' ;kQcd ouhka;s - iNdm;sks" .eh ia;%sla ix.uh" n,a,
2' u,s;s uq;=l=udrK - f,al" ldka;d n,uKav,h" .ylsjq,
3' kkaoks rdcmCI - iNdm;sks" ,lajks;d ldka;d n,uKav,h" miair wdikh
4' f't' Y%shd,;d - iNdm;sks" Yla;s ldka;d ixOdk tluq;=j" n,f.d,a," .ylsjq,
5' foald l=ud - iNdm;sks" ,lajks;d ldka;d n,uKav,h" hj wdikh
6'ohd w;a;kdhl - iNdm;sks" .eh ixOdkh" nq,;aj;a;
7' ks,ka;s Old - f,al" ldka;d ixOdkh" 3 lKqj" miair mdr
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9' u,a,sld mSia - iNdm;sks" Y%S',x'ks'm' ldka;d n,uKav,h" nKavdrfj, wdikh
10' l=uq fmfrd - f,al" h ldka;d ixOdkh" we,a,
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15' fla' Njdks - inkaldrl" .eh .%dh ixOdkh" m,af,afmarej" nKavdrfj,

16' pkad chr;ak - wOHCIsld" ldka;d ixjOk flakah" n,a,

wxlh

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woyi

fhdackd

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02

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03

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71

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05

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06

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07'

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08

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,lau

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09'

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10

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11

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12

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13

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14

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15

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16

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17

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18

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19

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20

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whs;j
s disl lvjk
wjia:dj, tajd
bm;a lsug;a"
uey;aj lghq;=
lsug;a ksis jHqyhla
fyda wdh;khla
fkd;su'

fmd,Sishg meKs,s bm;a

lsug hdf O .egj,g
uqyqK ug isu;a" ldka;d yd
<ud lghq;= wud;HdxY j,g
tys fYaI jQ jevigykaj,g
m%uqL;ajh ,ndug isj we;s
ksid fuu .egj,g uey;au
m%udou'

ia;S% fldiula
ia;S%kag wod, .eg inkaOfhka
lghq;= lssu i|yd fYaI
fldiula msysgqh hq;=h'

07

ixl%uKslhkaf.a ckao
whs;sh wysu'

rf cd;sl wdodhug jeu

wdodhula Wmhdu inkaOj
lsisu we.ehSula fkdlsu;a"
m%;m
s ;a;s imdok fCIa;h
% kays
iy ish foaYmd,k jHqyhka
;=< ia;k
%S f
a .a ksfhdackh
wvqu mqrjeisfhla f,i
ysh hq;= whs;sjdisl wys
u;a f ksid isjk nrm;,
widOdrKhls'

ixl%uKslhka i|yd ckao whs;sh

ixl%uKsl Y%lhkag ckao whs;sh
,ndh hq;=h'

08

m%;m
s ;a;s imdok iy
;Ska ;SrK .kakd
jHqyhka ;=<;a" ish
foaYmd,k jHqyhka
;=<;a ia;k
%S f
a .a
ksfhdackh wvqu'

ksfhdackh fkdue;su;a
ksfhdackh wvqu;a fya;=fjka
ldka;djka inkaO h
h ;Ska ;SrK .ekSf
;a" m%;sm;a;s ieliSf;a
widOdrKhla iy m%cd;ka;%jd
njla is fkdu'

foaYmd,kfha ia;S% ksfhdackh

md,sfka;=j" m<d;a iNd yd
m<d;a md,k wdh;k ;=< 25]
l wju ksfhdackhla iy;sl l<
hq;=h'

09

fndfyda fiajd
ia:dkj, ldka;djka
i|yd hym;a fiajd
mirhla fkdue;su'

Y%u n,ldfha ia;S% iyNd.s;ajh

fkka k by, hka mj;S'
tfy;a fiajd ia:dk ;=< uQ,sl
myiql mjd fkdue;sj ia;S%
Y%lfhda mSvdjg m;a fj;s'
^Wod' fj<| l,dm" ixl%uKsl&

hym;a fiajd mirhla

jHjia:dj u.ska ia;S%ka i|yd
hym;a fiajd mirhla iy;sl
l< hq;=h'

08

foam, iy bvj,
whs;sh ldka;djkag
wys u'

ldka;djkag foam, whs;s

fkdu ksid Tjqka mSvdjg
m;au'

foam, ysld;ajfha iudk;ajh(

rch iska bv fyda ksjdi
m%odkhka lsf tlS
ysld;ajh iehdg iy
Ndhdjg hk fofokdf.au
kka mjrd iudk whs;sjdisl
;yjqre l< hq;=h'

09

O fya;= ksid
wdnd; ;;a;ajhkag
m;a ;eke;a;kaf.a
whs;sjdisl iqrCIs;
flfrk ksis
jevms<sfj,la fkdue;s
u'

iudcfha O wjia:djka j,
wdnd; ;;a;ajhg m;a jQjka
fjkialug Ndckh u'

wdnd; ;ek;a;kaf.a
whs;sjdisl(
fiajd kshqla;s ia:dk
inkaOfhka iy f.dvke.s,s
jHqyhkays wdnd; ;eke;a;kaf.a
whs;sjdisl iq/flk m ilia
h hq;=h'

10

fi!LH yd ikSmdrCIl ;ukaf.a Yrh .ek" ;Ska

fiajd myiql
;SrK .ekSug ldka;djkag
m%udKj;a wdldrfhka
fkdue;s u'
iy myiqfjka
fkd,eu'
m%ckk whs;sjdisl
;yjqre fkdu'

11

mqoa.,sl wxYfha
fYaIfhka j;=lrfha
fiajd kshqla;slhkag
ksis m ud;D ksjdvq
iy fjk;a m%;s,dN
wys u'

fi!LH yd ikSmdrCIdj
mdi,a iy /lshd ia:dk olajd u
we;s iEu wdh;khlu fi!LH
iy ikSmdrCIdj iy;sl l<
hq;=h'
m%ckk whs;sjdisl
m%ckk whs;sjdisl ia;S%kag
yslr h hq;=h'
ud;D m%;s,dN
rdcH yd mqoa.,sl wxYfha fiajd
kshqla;s iEu wfhl=gu tl yd
iudk ud;D m%;s,dN ysh hq;=h'

77

lE.,a,
ia;s%lalh
( lE.,a,
ixOdkh
( ixl%uKsl fiajd uOHia:dkh
,smskh
( mdie, bmsg" lsj,a,dmsh" rUqlalk
inkalrKh
( pkad lia;=wdr
lgqjg lreKq bm;a lsu ( ixl%uKsl fiajd uOHia:dkh" rUqlalk
2016'02'06 k /iajQ ia;%slalfha O fCIa;%j,g wh;a" tk YsIHdjka"
f.d ldka;d" j;= llre"llre" jekaoUq" ldka;d uQ,sl mjq,a" rcfha
iy fm!oa.,sl wxYfha /lshdj, kshq;= ldka;djka" iajhx /lshdjkays
kshq;= ldka;djka" uqia,s cd;sl ldka;djka hkd jYfhka jQ ldka;d
ksfhda;hska lKavdhulf.a woyia iy fhdackd fuhg we;=,;a f'
fuh Tjqka iska wod, lgqj fj; ,s;j ndr we;'
wxlh
1

m%Yakh
lDIsldl fCIa;%fha
ldka;djka inkaOfhka
mdrmlj ldka;djka fj;
bv whs;sh fkd,eu'
;u lDIs ksIamdokj,g
iy;sl ,la iy fj<`|m,la
fkdue;su'
ldka;d wdydr ksIamdolhska
i|yd rdcH ugf
.eka fkdue;su'
lDIsldl iy wu;a
fCIa;%fha iudk jevg iudk
jegqma fkd,eu

woyi
mjqf,a mshdg bvf
whs;sh ysu ksid
ldka;djka wirK Ndjh
m;au yd fjkiafldg
ie,lSug ,la u'

iajNdl wdmodjkaj,
ldka;djkaf.a wdrlaIdj
;yjqre fkdu'
foaYSh c ixrlaIK
jevmsfj,la fkd;su
fya;=fjka we;s ;sfnk
.eg'
78

rcfha bv iy idm%odhsl
^mjq,a& bv whs;sh
inkaOfhka ldka;djkag
widOrK whqka n,mj;ajk
kS;s iy l%ufo fjkia lsu"
ldka;djkag ys;lr kS;s
imdokh lsu'

ksIamdok ld,j, f.dka

O .egj,g uqyqK u' iy;sl ,la kshu lsu'
kid .ekS nyq, u'
iEu ldka;djlgu lsish
jQ jfkdamd ud.hlg we;s
yslu ;yjqre lsu'
.%dh ugf je
msila ldka;d wdydr
ksIamdolhska isu'

. ugka ldka;djka
iska lrf.k hkq ,nk
idm%odhsl /lshd i|yd
^Wod( w;a hka;% fr
ksIamdokh" j<x ludka;h"
is;=re nvq ksIamdokh jeks&
wjYH myiql fkdue;su'
iaridr jfkdamd ud.
fkdue;su fya;=fjka
ldka;djka wirK ;;a;ajhg
m;au'

fhdackd

ish ksIamdok wf, lr .ekSu

i|yd foaYSh fj<|mf,ys
meje;au ;yjqre flfrk
iaridr kS;s ksfhda. we;s
lsu' wkqldrl ksIamdok
wdkhkh lsu iSud lsf kS;s
meku
iudk jegqma ,efnk wdldrfha
rdcH m%;sm;a;s ieleiSu'

iEu wdmod wjia:djlu

jemqru mSvdjg
m;ajkafka ldka;djka
jqj;a ta i|yd fYaI
m%;smdok fkdue;su ;=<
Tjqka jemqr wjOdk
;;a;ajhkag m;au'
c ixrCIKh jemqru
isjkafka ldka;djka
w;ska jqj;a" Tjqka
.eka fkdlr tys
whs;sh iud.j,g
mejug lghq;= lsu
;=< foaYSh c kdYhg
m;af wjodkula ;su'

foaYSh ksIamdok i|yd cd;sl

m%;sm;a;shla ieleiSu'
ldka;djkag iar jfkdamdh
ud.hla ilid .ekSug wjYH
m%;smdok ,ndu'
iajNdl wdmod wjia:djkaj,
ldka;djkaf.a iy orejkaf.a
wdrlaIdj ;yjqre flfrk
ysl jHjia:dj ;=<skau
;yjqre lsu'
foaYSh c ixrlaIKh lsu iy
c whs;sh ioyd wjYH kS;s
f.ktau'

mdie,a hk jhfia .eyeKq

<uqka inkaOfhka
mdie,a hk jhfia .eyekq
<uqkag u`.f;dg .uka lrk
g iy we;e g mdie,
;=< mjd ksis wdrlaIdjla
fkdue;su'
mjq, iy iudch fya;=fjka
O udkisl wd;;Ska
f.ka fmf<k kj fhdjqka
;reKshka mdie, ;=<ska iy
iudcfhka fldka u'
hlsis fya;=jla ksid mdie,a
wOHdmkh lv jQ isiqkag h<s
mdie,a wOHdmkh ,nd .;
fkdyelsu'

iudch Is;u iy
msySu'

fuys fYaIfhka lsish

,sx.sl ysxikhlg
,lafuka fyda wvq jhiska
,sx.sl
inkaO;d meje;au
ksid fyda .e .kakd wvq
jhia .eyeKq <uhskag
ore m%iQ;sfhka miqj h<s
;u wOHdmksl lghq;=
lrf.k hdug wjia:djla
fkdue;su'

mdie,a hk .eyeKq <uqka f.a

wdrlaIdj iy;sl flfrk
fYaI wdrlaIl Odk"
kS;s ;s meku iy tajd ksis
m l%shd;aul jk njg we;s
rcfha j.lSu iy;sl u'
fujeks msia mjq," mdie,
we;= iuia; iudcfhka fldka
fkdlrk Tjqkag idOdrKhla
bIag jk wdldrfha kS;s
imdokh'
th wksjdhh fldkafoaishla
f,iska kS;s .; lsu'

Wiia wOHdmkh
,nd.ekSug ;ud leu;s
mdie,lg we;=,;a ug
y,am;sjreka bvfkdu'

,sx.sl wOHdmkh ms<sn|

wjfndaOhla fkdue;s
ksid tjeks wjia:dj,g
fhduqu'

;dlaIKsl Ih Odrdjka
ioyd .eyeKq <uhskag we;s
wjia:djka ,nd .ekSug
Tjqkag fkdyelsu

;dlaIKsl Ih Odrdjka
i|yd .eyeKq <uqka
fYaIfhka iQodk
flfrk l%ufohla
fkdue;slu'

fYaI wjia:djka m%jOkh

lsu'

llre kS;s iy
cd;Hka;r m%{ma;s wkqj
lghq;= fkdlsu'

ixl%uKsl fiajlhska i|yd

cd;Hka;r ugka mj;sk
whs;sjdisl furg o ;yjqre
jk wdldrfha kS;s m%;sm;a;s
imdokh lsu'

ta i|yd jevms<sfj,la
ls%hd;aul lsug rch
wjOdkh fkdlau'

ixl%uKsl fiajl ia;%Skaf.a

Pkao whs;sh iy Tjqka
i|yd Y%du jegqma ,eu
whs;sjdislula f,i iy;sl
flfrk kS;s imdokh lsu'

idudkH fm< Nd.fhka Wiia

f,iska iu;ajk ishu isiqka
;uka leu;s mdie,l" ;ud
leu;s Ih Odrdjla hgf;a
Wiia wOHdmkh ,nd.;yels
jk wdldrfha cd;sl
m%;sm;a;shla ieleiSu'

foaY .; /lshd ioyd

hk ixl%uKsl ia;%Ska
inkaOfhka
ixl%uKsl fiajl ia;%Ska
trg fukau furg
o ysxikhg f.dreu'
l+gkhg ,lau'

ixl%uKsl ia;%Skag Pkao

whs;sh wys u'

79

wjqre 5g wvq orejka isk

ldka;djkag foaY .;ug
fkdyelsjk moafoka
rch mkjd we;s kS;s
ksidldka;djkaf.a /lshd
whs;shg ndOdjka we;s ;su'

ldka;djlg kEu
/lshdjla lsug
cd;Hka;r jYfhka we;s
whs;sjdisl W,a,x>Kh
jk moafoka ,x;d
rch iska mkjd we;s
kS;s ;=<ska ujg muKla
orejka inkaOfhka we;s
j.lS megu'

orejkaf.a j.lS ujg iy

mshdg;a" rchg;a whs;s ldhhla
nj ;yjqre flfrk kS;s
ls%hd;aul lsu'

foaY .; kej; mefKk

ldka;djkag Wfoid ksis
iudc wdl wka;.%yK
jevms<sfj,la fkdue;su'

iudc" wdl ls%hdj,shg

wkq.; flfrk
l%ufohla fkdue;su'

Tjqkaf.a yelshdjka wkqj leu;s

/lshdjla lsug wjia:djka
ie,fik m%;sm;a;s ls%hd;aul
lsu'
ldka;djkag m%pKav;ajfhka
f;drj j;aug we;s whs;sh
;yjqre lsu'

fmdf fuu ia;%slalfha

ldka;djka uqyqK fok .eg
mjq, ;=< fukau iudcfha
m%pKav;ajhg f.dre u'

jeys ldka;djkaf.a
/ljrKh iy;sl lsu'

jeys ldka;djkaa fi!LH

iy wdl jYfhka
wirKNdjhg m;au'

jekaoUq iy ;ks ujreka f.a

/ljrKh inkaOfhka fYaI
Odk fhou'

jekaoUq ldka;djka fYaI

m%Yakj,g ,lau'
fmd m%jdyk fiajdjkaj,
ldka;djka ysxikhg f.dre
u'
mskaf.a u;ajH Nd;dj
fya;=fjka wdl" iudh"
udkisl jYfhka ldka;djka
widOdrKhg f.dre u'

jhia fNaohlska f;drj

km;d ldka;djka fmd
m%jdyk fiajd ;=< O
ysyerj,g ,lau'

wu;a fCIa;%fha /lshdj,

ldka;djka wl f,iska Y%u
iQrd lEug f.dreu'

ldka;djkaf.a m%Yak
fhduqlsug iy whs;sjdisl
;yjqre lsug lghq;= lrk
ksis wdh;khla fkdue;s u'
80

jekaoUq iy wk;a ore Y%du

jegqm wjdyl hKshkaa ioyd
uq ; ld,hgu ,ndf
kS;s imdokh lsug wjYH
m%;smdok jHjia:dfjka fjka
lsu'
foaYmd,k we;= ishu ;Ska
;SrK .kakd jHqyhka ;=<
wju jYfhka ishhg ;syl
ldka;d ksfhdackhla we;sjk
wdldrfhka whs;sjdisl
jHjia:dj ;=<ska ;yjqre lsu'

mjq, ;=< jev fnod

fkd.ekSu fya;=fjka
ldka;djkaf.a iudc ;hg
ndOd we;su'
foaYmd,kfha iu
ksfhdackhg iy ;Ska
;SrK .kakd jHqyhka ;=<
ldka;djkag iudk wjia:d
fkdue;su'

fmd m%jdyk fiajdjkaj,

ldka;djka ioyd fYaI wdik
fjka lsu'

m<d;a md,k wdh;k ;=<

ksfhdackh 2]" m<d;a iNd
4]" iy md,sfka;=f
ksfhdackh 5'8]
b;du;a my, ugul
ksfhdackhla ;su'
ldka;djkaf.a m%Yk
a
bm;a lsug;a' ta
inkaOj CIKslj
ls%hd;aul ug;a ksYa;
jHqyhla fkd;su'

ldka;djkaf.a whs;sjdisl
;yjqre lsu msKsi cd;sl
ldka;d fldiula ia:dmkh
lsu'

m%foaYfha j;a jk fou<

j;= llre ldka;djka
inkaOfhka
m%foaYfha fou< j;= llre
ldka;djka iudh iy
wdl jYfhka iqfYaI
m%Yakj,g f.dreu'

ksjdi" fi!LH" wOHdmkh

wd myiql fkdue;su'

j;= wdY%s;j fou< .eyeKq

orejkaf.a wOHdmk whs;Ska
;yjqre lsu'

\Tjqkag fiajhg i,k

jegqmla fkd,eu'

mskag jvd je ld,hla

jev lsug isjqj;a"

jegqma i|yd cd;sl m%;sm;a;shla

ieleiSu'

fuu fou< cd;sl

ldka;djkag m%pKav;ajfhka
f;drj j;a ug jgmsgdjla
fkdue;s lu'

cd;sl;ajh u; mSvdjg
iy fkdi,ld yej,g
,lau'

rdcH wdh;k ;=< ;u

NdIdfjka lghq;= lsug we;s
wmyiq;djh'

;uka leu;s NdIdjlska

lghq;= lsug wjia:djka
fkd,eu' fYaIfhka
o< NdIdj l;d lrk
wh f ksid jvd;a
wmyiq;djhg m;af'

;u NdIdfjka lghq;= lsug

we;s whs;sh ;yjqre lsu i|yd
kS;s iy m%;sm;a;s imdokh
lsu'

wvq jhia jdy

wOHdmk ugu my<

;;a;ajhl ;su' ;djh
by< ugul mej;Su

wvqjhia jdy keje;au msKsi

wod, kS;s ls%hd;aul lsu'

rdcH m%;smdok fkd,eu'

rdcH fiajdjka iy /lshd

wjia:d wju ;;a;ajhl
;su'

iy fjd m%dfhda.slj l%shd;aul

jk nj ;yjqre lr .ekSu
msKsi wjYH wlaIK hdka;%K
ieliSu'

jdy f jhia iSudj

b;du;a my< ;;a;ajhl
;su'

ldka;djka wvq jhiska jdy

lru je<elaf kS;s f.k
tau'

uqia,s cd;sl ldka;djka

inkaOfhka idlPdjg
iyNd.s is uqia,s
ldka;djka iska bm;a l<
fYaI lreKq
uqia,s kS;shg wkqj wvq
jhiska ldka;djf.a leue;a;
fkduid foudmshka
iska lrfokq ,nk jdy
fya;=fjka tu .eyeKq
<uqkaf.a wOHdmkhg ndOd
u;=u'
jdyh ms<sn| ;SrKhla
.ekSug ldka;djkagg
wjia:djla fkdue;su'
lajdis wlrKfha ldka;d
ksfhdackhla fkdue;su
fya;=fjka ldka;djka
Ialr;djhkag m;au'

jdyfha fuu ldka;djkag

;ud inkaOfhka ;SrK
.ekSug wjia:djka ie,fik
m kS;s imdokh lsu'
lajdis wlrKhwe;=j ;Ska
;SrK .kakd iEu ia:dkhlu
ldka;d ksfhdackhg we;s
whs;sh iy wjia:djka kS;sfhka
iy;sl lsu'

81

ls,sfkdh
;s%lalh
( uls,sfkdh
ixOdkh
( ix. uq,;s ldka;d tluq;=j
,smskh
( ;kS W!re" uq,;s
inkalrKh
( ix. uq,;s ldka;d tluq;=j
ia:dkh
( ls,sfkd ia;%sla f,al ldhd,h
lreKq bm;a lsug iyNd.s jQjka ( 1' m%shoYkS wd'
2' tia' idrod
3' tia' f.%ais
4' wd' u,rdKs
wxlh
1

82

m%Yakh
iudkd;au;djh ;yjqre
fkdu'

woyi

fhdackd

Wmka miqu" Wmka

ia:dkh" mxh
^m%dfoaYSh fjkial"
k.r .udk fjkial&
,sx.sl;ajh" ia;S% mqreI
iudNdjh" NdIdj" j.h"
l=,h" wd.u" mx;sh"
/lshdj" ;k;=r" jhi"
jdyl ;;a;a;jh
^jdyl" wjdyl"
jekaoUq" iajdmqreIhd
w;=reoykajQjka"
iehdf.ka fjka
j;ajk wh& foaYmd,kh"
wx.l,;ajh" u;
fjkiafldg ie,lSu'

iudkd;au;djh

f;aij,f kS;sh" uqia,s

kS;sh yd Wvrg kS;sh'

kS;sh
ishfokdgu fmd jQ is,a
kS;shla imdokh lsu'

lsisjl= Wmka miqu" Wmka

ia:dkh" mxh ^m%dfoaYSh
fjkial" k.r .udk
fjkial& ,sx.sl;ajh"
ia;S% mqreI iudNdjh" NdIdj"
j.h" l=,h" wd.u" mx;sh"
/lshdj" ;k;=r" jhi"
jdyl ;;a;a;jh ^jdyl"
wjdyl" jekaoUq" iajdmqreIhd
w;=reoykajQjka" iehdf.ka
fjka j;ajk wh&
foaYmd,kh" wx.l,;ajh"
jeks lsis mokula u;
lsisfjl= fjkiafldg
fkdie<lsh
hq;af;ah'

ishfokdg fmd jQ is,a

kS;shla fkdue;slu'

k.r fyd .no" ia;s%la

wOHdmkh yd fi!LHh fiajd yd m%dfoaYSh fNaohlska
myiql ish ck;djg tl
f;dr u
iudkj fkd,eu'
kd.l mdi,aj,
mj;skakdla fuka myiql
.%dh mdi,a i|yd
fkd,eu'
tmoafokau ia;s%la
yd m%dfoaYSh fNaohlska
f;drj fi!LH myiql
fkd,eu'

wOHdmkh yd fi!LHh
wOHdmkh yd fi!LH fiajdjka
k.r fyda .no ia;s%la fyda
m%dfoaYSh fjkilska f;drj
ish ck;dj fj; tl iudkj
,ndh hq;af;ah'

.=Kd;aul Ndjfhka hq;="

Tjqfkdjqkaf.a ixialD;Skag
wkqj yis wjia:djkays
,ndfok wdydr ms<sn| rcfha
iy;slhla fkdue;slu'

wdydr
.=Kd;aul Ndjfhka hq;= yd
Tjqfkdjqkaf.a ixialD;Skag
.e,fmk wdydr ,eu rch
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hq;af;ah'

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iykdOdr'

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whs;sjdisl W,a,x>Kh jk
kS;s meku'

Wod' ;%ia;jdoh
je<elaf mk; jeks
kS;s'

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jHjia:dj bv ,ndfkdh
hq;af;ah'

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ls%hdj,g f.dre u'

ksjfia yd bka msg;

m%pKav;ajfhka f;dr ;hla
O wjia:djkaj, m%pKav O wjia:djkays m%pKav
ls%hdj,g ,lau'
ls%hdjka i|yd nyq, jYfhka
f.drejkakd jQ mdYjh jk
ldka;djkaf.a ldhs" udkisl
wdrCIdjo" .re;ajho ish
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;=rka l< hq;af;ah'
Bg tfrys o~qj o l<
hq;af;a h'

foaYh
nyq;r yd iq;r fjkial
ke;s l< hq;af;a h'

fjkafldg lau'

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;Sre yd jK ;su'

jdi.u fhf th f;dard

.ekSf iajdk whs;shla
fkdue;slu'

mshdf.a jdi.u fhh hq;=

njg wod, wdh;k ;=<
n, ls lsu'

cd;sl fldh
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fjkafldg fkdolajk
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jkafka h'
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iudodkh ksfhdackh
flfrk wdldrfhka yd
m%pkav;ajfhka f;dr jQ
tlla h hq;af;a h'
- cd;sl fldfhys fjkafldg
ie,lSula fkdh hq;af;a h'
^cd;Ska fjkafldg olajk ;Sr
yd jK wkjYHh&
mqrjeis Ndjh
h mqoa.,hl=f.a jdi.u
;SrKh lsf mshdf.a fyda
iehdf.a ku f;dard .; hq;=h
hk n, lsu fkdmej;sh
hq;af;a h'
- ujf.a fyda mshdf.a jdi.u
f,i fhdod .ekSf yelshdj
mej;sh hq;af;a h'
83

84

10

ixjOk jHdmD;s
ksoNdjfhka hq;=j yd
ck;d uiSulska f;drj
ls%hd;aul lsu'

miq.sh ld,h mqrdu rgg

wys; lr fmda is iy
Yd, fldia ,nk
jHdmD;s wdrN lr ;su
tlsfklg fjkia
kshuhka Nd;d lsu'
^Wod'ksjdi fhdackd l%u
j, iuyr mqoa.,hska
i|yd ,CI 5la o" iuyr
wh i|yd ,CI 3la o
,ndu' kg ,CI 8l
jHdmD;shla ,ndug we;s
nj jd;d f'&

ixjOkh
- ixjOk jHdmD;s ck;djf.a
leue;af;ka f;drj
ls%hd;aul fkdl< hq;=
w;r tajd kso Ndjfhka
hqla;h hq;af;a h hkak
wd'l%'jHjia:dfjka ;yjqre
l< hq;af;a h'
- ixjOk jHdmD;s ck;d
leue;a; uiSfuka wk;=rej
ls%hd;aul l< hq;af;a h'
- ixjOk jevigykaaj,
tlsfklg fjkia kshuhka
Nd;d fkdl< hq;af;a h'

11

jdyfha fldkafoais iys;

.kqfokq isu'

^Wod' oEje" u. jeks oE&

jdyh - mjq,
jdyfha fldkafoais iys;
.kqfokq ;yk l< hq;af;a h'

12

;u ;ukaf.a wd.u yd
ixialD;sSka weoySug iy
ms<smeug ndOl we;s u'

wd.l weoys,s" u<.sh

we;a;ka isysls
ish ia:djrhka wkqj
lghq;= lsug whs;sh
^Wod' Wmamekak iy;sl"
mdi,a iy;sl&

wd.u - ixialD;sh
- ck;djf.a mdrml
Yajdifhka hq;= ia:dk
kdY fkdl< hq;af;a h'
fjkia fkdl< hq;af;a h'
- ;ukaj yer.sh ;u kEoE
ys;j;=ka isyslr ieuf
whs;sh ck;djg ,ndh
hq;af;a h'
- tlsfkldf.a tlsfkldf.a
wd.l ,kag .re lrk
w;f wd.l Yajdifhka
f;dr mqoa.,hkag o rf
mqrjeishka jYfhka ish
ia:djrh m%ldY l< yelsh
hq;af;a h'

13

;ukag wjYH NdIdfjka

lghq;= lr.ekSf wmyiq;d
;su'

rdcH yd fm!oa.,sl
NdIdj
wxYfha ldhd,hkays yd
- O NdIdjka l;d lrk
fjk;a wdh;kj, fndfyda
ck;dj fiajd ,nd .ekSu
wjia:dj, o< NdIdfjka
i|yd m%YaGjk rdcH
lghq;= lr.ekSug wjYH
yd fm!oa.,sl wxYfha
myiql imhd ke;'
ldhd,hkays yd fjk;a
ish wdh;khkays ;ukag
wjYH NdIdfjka lghq;=
lr .; yels m oa NdId
ksmqK;djh iys; ks,Orhka
fiajhg n|jd .ekSu is l<
hq;af;a h'
- oa NdId m%k;djh i|yd
ish mqrjeishka u;a l<
hq;af;a h'

14

/lshd wjia:djka ,nd.ekSug jhia iSudj" ldka;d jdy"

hdf ndOdjka ;su'
ore m%iQ;sh hkdfhka
miq /lshd wjia:d ,nd
.ekSf ndOd
fYaIfhka hqoaOfhka
m;g m;aj iehd wys
jQ ldka;djka i|yd jhia
iSudj ndOdjlaj mj;S'

15

ldka;d iy fYaI
lKavdhj, whs;sjdisl
;yjqre fkdu'
m%;sm;a;s ilia lrk iy
;Ska ;SrK .kakd jHqyhka
;=< ksfhdackh wvq u'

- hqoaOfhka" iqkdfhka
m;g m;a jQjka
iy wx.l,;ajhg
m;ajQjka'
- iqkdfhka miq bv
,ndu"
- > ld,Sk wj;eka jQ
mqoa.,hkaf.a bv h<s
,ndu'
- > ld,Sk hqoaOfhka
m;g m;ajQjka i|yd
.= ld,Sk iykdOdr"
- ysgmq igkalrejkaf.a
uQ,sl whs;sjdisl"
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m%;sm;a;s ilia lrk
iy ;Ska .kakd
jHqyhka ;=< ksfhdackh
je lsu'

/lshdj
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iSudj fkdi,ld yeh
hq;af;a h'
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,eu iy;sl l< hq;af;a h'
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lsu ;=rka lsu
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l< hq;af;a h'
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whs;sjdisl'
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ksid iska we;s lrkq ,nk
hqoaOh jeks jHik fya;=fjka
m;g m;a ck;dj" Tjqkaf.a
wysj,ska ug yd
Tjqkaf.a ;h h<d
f.dvke.Sug wod, Odk
wd'l%'jHjia:df wka;.;
h hq;af;a h'
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hq;af;a h'
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mqoa.,hskaf.a whs;sjdisl
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mqoa.,hska i|yd jk fYaI
Odk" ish ia:dkj,g
.uka lsu" ;u yelshdjkag
wod, wOHdmkh yd /lshd
,nd .ekSf yelshdj" foam,
yd iyk ,nd.ekSf whs;sh&
;yjqre l< hq;af;a h'

85

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ixOdkh
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,smskh
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ixOdkh W!j fj,a,iai f.d ldka;d ixOdkh
inkalrKh
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ia:dkh
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kh
( 2016 fmnrjd 25
^fuu jd;djg 2016 fmnrjd 23 jk k nq;a;, /iajQ
ldka;d kdhsldjka msilf.a woyia iy fhdackd we;=,;a f'&
fhdackd bm;a lsug iyNd.s jQjka ( hQ''t' iS,j;S
wd'ta iqkS;d l=ud
t'ta' Ydka;s ,xld

86

m%Yak

woyia

fhdackd

ldka;djkaf.a
foaYmd,k ksfhdackh
b;du wju ugul
mej;Su'

mdra,sfka;=f ldka;djkaf.a
m%;sY;h 5'8] olajd wju
ugul mej;Su' fudkrd.,
ia;%slalfhka md,sfka;=fjys
tl ldka;d ksfhdackhla
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tlu ldka;d ksfhdackhlaj;a
fkdue;'

ldka;djkaf.a foaYmd,k
ksfhdackh we;= ishu ;Ska
;SrK .kakd jHqy ;=< 50] l
ldka;d ksfhdackhla jHjia:dj
u.ska ;yjqre lsu'

ldka;djkag tfrys
m%pKav;ajh fya;=fjka
.Dyh ;=<;a
iudcfha;a ldka;djka
mSvkhg m;au'

ldka;djkag tfrys ysxikh

iy m%pKav;ajh iudcfha iEu
jHqyhla ;=<u mej;Su fya;=fjka
ldka;djkag ksoyfia f.ug
we;s wjia:djka weys hdu'

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ksoyfia j;aug ldka;djkag
we;s whs;sh jHjia:dfjka
;yjqre h hq;=h'

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whs;sh fkdue;su'

mdrml fukau rcfha bv

,ndf ldka;djka fj; iu
whs;sh fkdue;su fya;=fjka
ldka;djkag foam, ysldr;ajhg
we;s whs;sh'

ldka;djkag foam,
ysldr;ajhg we;s whs;sh
;yjqre lrka mdrml
iy rcfha bv ,ndf
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bv whs;sh iy;sl lsu'

Y%S ,xld rch iska

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fj; ys fkdu'

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lsu'

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ud;D;ajh f
ldka;djkag fYaI
jkdlula ys fkdu'

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yod jvd.ekSf ldka;djkag
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whs;Ska wys u'

ldka;djkaf.a m%ckk
whs;sjdisl jHjia:dj u.skau
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u.skau ;yjqre lsu'

Odhl ckdm;s
l%uh iy iudkqmd;sl
ue;sjrK l%uh
fya;=fjka uyck;dj
u; je mSvkhla
we;slsu'

Odhl ckdm;s l%uh fukau

iudkqmd;sl^ukdm& ue;sjrK
l%uh fya;=fjka ldka;djka
we;= ck;djg idOdrKhla
bgqfkdu'

Odhl ckdm;s l%uh

wfydaisfldg ck;djg jvd
je ksoyia m%cd;ka;%jd
mirhla iy /ljrKhla
jHjia:dj ;=<skau ;yjqre lsu'

87

uvl,mqj
iQhd ldka;d ixjOk uOHia:dkh
iQhd ldka;d ixjOk uOHia:dkh" wxl 55" f,a ueksx v%hs" uvl,mqj'
fuu jd;dj uvl,mqj iQhd ldka;d ixjOk uOHia:dkh fjkqfjka uydpdh ;%f,aLd fu!k.=re iy
b,kaf.aiaj wreKdi, iska ilia fldg 2016 fmnrjd 25 k uvl,mqj" ukauqfkhs-W;=r m%dfoaYSh
f,al ldhd,fhys mej;s uyck woyia uiSf lgqj fj; bm;a lrk ,'
mQldj
oYl ;=klg wl ld,hla mqrd is jQ is,a hqoaOh fya;=fjka YS% ,xldf ish ckj. iska ft;sydisl
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ckj.hkag whs;s iy O;ajh ;=< tlai;aj mej;sh hq;= rgla njg iy;sl lr ;sh hq;=h. miq.sh
ld,fha fn fjkafuka is jQ ls%hd fya;=fjka we;s jQ is;a;ejq,a iqjm;a lsf woyi mQldf uq;su;a
h hq;= w;r uQ,sl udkj whs;sjdisl iudc idOdrK;ajh m%cd;ka;%Sh jkdl iys; iudchla ia:dms;
lsu fjkqfjka fmkS isk njg i|yka h hq;=h.
1. rdcHfha iajNdjh
YS% ,xldj wkd.l rdcHhla njg jHjia:df ioyka h hq;=h hehs wms m%:ufhkau ksfoaY lr
isuq.
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ms<sUq fkdjk cd;sl fldhla wmg ;sh hq;=h.
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;sh hq;=h'
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4. mqrjeisNdjh, wd.u, NdIdj, uQ,sl whs;sjdisl, ;ks mqoa., iy lKavdh whs;sjdisl
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l< hq;= w;r ia;S%kag;a <uqkag;a tfrysjQ ish wdldrfha m%pKav ls%hdjkaf.ka Tjqka wdrlaId lsu
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YS% ,xldf urK o~qju meku wfydais l< hq;=h.
w;S;fha is jQ fukau wkd.;fha o isjk n,y;ald mqoa., w;=reoyka lr wmrdOhla fia
ie,lsh hq;=h.
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mok lr .kska fjkia ie,l= fkdl< hq;= nj iy;sl l< hq;=h.

88

ia;S% whs;sjdisl YAh jYfhka j,x.= nj jHjia:dj u.ska meye,sj i|yka h hq;= w;r fuu
whs;sjdisl N=la;s u wjysr jk wdldrfha lsis kS;shla iu; l< fkdyels jk njg meye,s
m%;smdokhla jHjia:df ;sh hq;=h.

 iodpdrh jeks ldrKd u; mok fjka ia;S%ka iy mqreIhkaf.a yeisug wod,j iSudld kS;s
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jdy ug iy lalido ug whs;sjdislu ;sh hq;=h.
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b,a,Su mok jk kuq;a YS% ,xldj iska Ndr.kq ,enQ tlS" ;u j.lS bgq lsu ;ju;a islr
fkdue;'
ia;S% whs;sjdisl W,a,x>Kh jk wdldrfha ish mqoa., kS;S wfydais l< hq;= w;r foam," bv"
jdyh" WreulaldrNdjh iy m%ckk whs;sjdisl hk ldrKd inkaOfhka ish mqrjeishka fmd
kS;shla u.ska md,kh h hq;=h ^fuu kS;S wdKavql%u jHjia:df uQ,sl whs;sjdisl mfofha
olajd we;s ia;S% whs;sjdislj,g wkql+,j mej;sh hq;=h&.
WodyrKhla jYfhka W;=f o< ldka;djkag ;u iehdf.a leue;af;ka f;drj ish foam,
myrKh l< fkdyelsh. uqia,s mqoa., kS;sh wkqj jdy jk jhi ;ju;a wjqr 12 la jYfhka
i|yka jk w;r lalidoh inkaOfhka ia;S%kag tfrys jQ fjkia wdldrfha ie,lSula mj;skafkah.
tfiau wkdpdrh o~qj l< yels jrola fia olajd we;.
5 NdIdj
kS;s iy m%;sm;a;s inkaO ks, NdIdj - jHjia:duh NdIdj kS;s iy m%;sm;a;s rpkd jk NdIdj ;=<
ia;S%ka wjudkhg iy ia;S%kaf.a .;s ,laIK f hehs fmkakq lrk wdldrfha jpk fhdod .ekSu wfydais
h hq;=h - WodyrK jYfhka ia;%Skag tfrys ,sx.sl n,y;aldrh i|yd lm,smamq hk jpkh o wkdpdrh
ioyd fidarfmdao,a hk jpkh o ,sx.sl jD;a;sh i|yd Npdr hk jpkh o jekaoUq ia;s%h i|yd
ojhs hk jpkh o oelah yelsh. ia;S%kag tfrysj mj;sk m%pKav;ajhg reoaOj lghq;= lrk ia;S%
ixOdk iu. woyia uiSf ls%hdj,shla u.ska fuu jpk fjkqjg l,am jpk fhdackd l< yels jkq
we;.
6 mqrjeisNdjh
YS% ,xldf mqrjeisNdjh we;s wfhl= iu. ffjjdysl inkaO;djhla mj;sk kEu ;eke;af;l=g
YS% ,xldf mqrjeisNdjh ,nd .ekSf whs;sjdisl mej;sh hq;=h.
7 iudc-wdl whs;sjdisl
YS% ,xldj iska wmrdkqu; lrkq ,en we;s tlai;a cd;Skaf.a iuq;Ska ;=< wka;.; iudc wdl
whs;sjdisl uQ,sl whs;sjdisl jYfhka we;=,;a h hq;=h.
wu;a wdl lghq;=j, fhug mqreIhkag iy ia;S%kag we;s whs;sjdisl iy llre whs;sjdisl
uQ,sl whs;sjdisl jYfhka we;=,;a h hq;=h.
/ljrK fiajd imhk wdl lghq;= jkdlula iys; M,odhs wdl lghq;= jYfhka ms<s.; hq;=h.
iudc wdrlaIKh hkak YAhuh jYfhka yslula iys; nj;a uQ,sl whs;sjdislula nj;a ms<s.efkk
uQ,sl whs;sjdisl mfohg we;=,;a l< hq;=h.

89

 mqreIhskag iy ia;S%kag bv i`oyd iudk whs;sjdisl iy;sl l< hq;=h'(fYAIfhkau bv ixjOk

wd{d mk; we;= Bg wod, wksl=;a wK mk;a&.
ia;S% uQ,sl l=gqNhka yS ia;S%kag fYaIs; ie,ls,a, iy whs;sjdisl ^jdiia:dk, uQ,sl wjYH;d, wdydr
iqrlaIs;;djh, jfkdamdh, ;SrK .ekSf ls%hdj,shg we;=,;aj isu, m%pKav;ajfhka f;drj j;af
ksoyi hkd ldrKd& mej;Su ms<s.; hq;= w;r Tjqkaf.a mqrjeis whs;sjdisl iy;sl lru msKsi fYaI
Odk ie,ish hq;=h.
8. wlrKfha iajdk;ajh
ia;S%kag tfrys m%pKav ls%hd inkaOfhka m%udohlska f;drj lghq;= l< yels jk m fYaI wlrK
msysgqh hq;= hehs wms b,a,d isuq.
9. wdKavql%u jHjia:d iNdj iy iajdk fldIka iNd
ia;S%kag tfrysj mj;sk ft;sydisl iy jHqyd;aul iajNdjfha fjkia f,i ie,lSf ms<sfj;a wrNhd
lghq;= lsug yelsjk wdldrfha iajdk ia;S% fldIka iNdjla msysgqh hq;= hehs wms b,a,d isuq. fuu
fldIka iNdjg wlaIK n,h iy ls%hd;aulf n,h ;sh hq;=h.
10. rdcH fiajh
wdKavqf iEu wdh;khla ;=<u ia;S% mqreIuh jYfhka fjka lr oelafjk ixLHd f,aLk ;sh hq;=h.
rdcH fiajhg iy mmd,k fiajhg n`ojd .ekSf jhi ioyd iSud mkjd ;su hk lreK kej;
uYKhg ,la l< hq;= w;r tu iSud wfydais l< hq;=h. tu lreK ia;s%hg tfrysj fjkia f,i i,lkq
,eug fya;= we;. md,sfka;=jg f;a m;au ioyd jhi iSudjla mkjd fkdue;s k mmd,k
fiajhg we;=,;a u ioyd ia;S%kag jhi u.ska iSud mkjd we;af;a ukao@ Wod( mmd,k fiajd Nd.hg
fmkS isu ioyd jhi wjqre 28 g wvq h hq;= hehs iSud mkjd we;.
rdcH fiajd iy rdcHfhka ,efnkakd jQ ysl inkaOfhka f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSf whs;sjdisl iEu
mqrjeishl=gu ;sh hq;=h.
11. ue;sjrK m%;sixialrK
Pkaofhka ksfhda;hska f;dard .kq ,nk iEu m<d;a md,k" m<d;a iNd iy md,sfka;= wdh;khla ;=<u
ia;S%ka i`oyd 50 ]l wjia:d fjka lsula mej;Su iy;sl lr ;sh hq;=h.
12. uyck wdrlaIdj
cd;sl wdrlaIdf wjYH;djh ms<sno fya;=j u; ;%ia;jdoh je,elaf mk; jeks ksidf.a uQ,sl
whs;sjdisl W,a,x>Kh jk kS;S iu; fkdl< hq;=h.
13. uQ,H
Yajuh jQ iudc wdrlaIK ysl i,idu iy;sl lsu ioyd whjeh f,aLkfha wksjdh uqo,a m%;smdok
ioyd kshuhla ;sh hq;=h.

miq.sh wjqre 25 l ld,hla mqrd uvl,mqj ia;s%lalfha Odldrfha m%pKav;ajhkag iy fjkia f,i
ie,lSj,g ffokslj f.dre jk ia;S%kag iydhf ls%hdj,shl wms ksr;j isuq. wms Tjqkaj ksfhdackh
lrk w;r wms miq.sh ld,h mqrd hqoaOh;a iu. jQ kdYh;a mSvdj;a iu. j;aj isfhuq. iudc, ixialD;sl
iy foaYmd,ksl Ou;djkaf.ka o iudc jHqyhka u.ska o wdka;sllrKhg iy uokhg ,lafuka
<s`Ndjfhka fmf,k fndfyda ia;S%ka fjkqfjka wms ksfhdackh fouq. wm iska fuys oela jQ ldrKd
flfrys uy;a WfoHda.hlska hq;=j nrm;, wdldrfhka wm l,amkd lrk w;r ta flfrys Tnf.a ie,ls,a,
olajd kj wdKavql%u jHjia:dj ;=<g we;=,;a lrkq we;ehs wms Yajdi lruq. tu.ska YS% ,xldf fjfik
iEu ia;s%hlgu iudk;ajfhka iy ksoyfia j;aug we;s n,dfmdfrd;a;=j bgq lr .ekSug yels jkq we;.

90

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iy
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91

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92

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iy
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93

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94

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95

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96

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97

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98

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ia;S% whs;sjdisl wdKavql%u jHjia:dj ;=<ska Yla;su;a lsu

________________________________________________________________
wdKavql%u jHjia:d m%;sixialrK ;=< ia;S% mqreI iudcNdjuh oelaula Wfoid jk
ls%hdld lgqj
2016 wf.daia;= 22
fmrjok
wdKavql%u jHjia:dj ;=<ska w;HdjYHfhkau ms<sUq h hq;= ia;S% iy ia;S% mqreI iudcNdjh mok
lr.;a whs;sjdisl iy wdrlaIdjg wod,j mj;sk ldrKd fuu f,aLkh u.ska biau;= lr olajd
we;. fuu f,aLkh u.ska" ia;rd;aul idlPd" ia;S% whs;sjdisl iy ia;S% mqreI iudcNdh
iudkd;au;djh m%jOk ls%hdldkshka o we;=,;aj lafIa;% .Kkdjl kshe,s oaj;=ka iu lrk ,o
> idlPdjkaf.ka bm;a jQ ldrKd m%;sm;a;s iy ksfoaY iajrEmfhkaa bm;a lrk fhdackd
olajd we;af;a h.
tfiau fuys we;=,;a fhdackd wdKavql%u jHjia:d m%;sixialrK ms<sn| uyck woyia uiSf lgqj
fj; bm;a lrk ,o lreKq oela iy ksfoaY o ie,ls,a,g .kska imdokh lr we;s fyhska
tu lgqf woyia f,i i,ld fuu fhdackd i<ld ne,sh hq;=h.
1' wdKavql%u jHjia:df NdIdj

1.1 wdKavql%u jHjia:dj ia;S% mqreI Ndjhlska f;drj iy ia;S% mqreI iudcNdjh ms<sn|
ixf;djhlska hq;=j iEu NdIdjlskau ,sheh hq;=h.
2' mQldj

2.1 jHjia:df mQldj u.ska:

w&

iEu ;eke;af;l= u we;=,;a jk iy m%cd;ka;%jd jkdl iudc hqla;sh iy uQ,sl udkj

whs;sjdisl m%jOkh lsu Wfoid jk whs;sjdisl mok jQ kS;s rduqjla ia:dms; l<
hq;=h'
wd& ia;S% whs;sjdisl iy ia;S% mqreI iudcNdjh ;=< iudk;ajh fYaIs;j u m%ldY h hq;=h'
we& oYl ;=kl hqoaOh fya;=fjka YS% ,xldf ish m%cdjka iska w;a widOdrKhka iy wys
jQ oE ms<sf.k tys j;a jk ish fokdg YS% ,xldj wh;a nj im: l< hq;=h'
2.2 tfiau fuu rg f.dvkexfuys,d ixialD;sluh iy NdId O;ajfhka hq;= iEu fokdu iska
is lrk ,o odhl;ajh w.h lr ms<s.ekSu o mQldj u.ska is l< hq;=h
3' uQ,sl jHqyh
3.1

fjkia f,i i,lkq ,eug tfrysj lghq;= lsug kS;suh mokula ie,iSu o we;=j
whs;sjdisl lvfuka ia;S%kag wdrlaIdj yslr u msKsi whs;sjdisl mdol jQ wdKavql%u
jHjia:djl W;a;;rNdjh ;yjqre lsu w;HdjYH jkafkah.

3.2

uyck woyia oelaf lgq jd;df 26 jeks msgqf olajd we;s ksfoaY iu fuu
f,aLkfha fhda; ksfoaY iumd; f.
1

3.3

ia;S% mqreI iudcNdjh ms<sn| hqla;sh, iudcNdjh ms<sn`o ;=,kh iy ish ;eke;a;ka fj;
mj;sk udkj wNsudkh ms<sn| uQ,sl woyi wdKavql%u jHjia:df uQ,sl jHqyh ;=< ;yjqrej
ms<sf.k ;sh hq;=h'

4' rdcHfha j.lSu

4.1

rdcH m%;sm;a;s fufyhq uQ,Ou Yd, ixLHdjla wdKavql%u m%;sixialrK ms<sn`o uyck
woyia uiSf lgq jd;df we;=,;aj we;. fuu uQ,Ouhkaf.a uQ,sl yrh ms<s.kakd kuq;a
tajd fufyhq uQ,Ou moaO;shla fia bm;a lrkjd fjkqjg tjdfha we;s neyer l<
fkdyels iajrEmh iy ,laIK ms<sn| wjOdrKh lr,Su msKsi wms tu uQ,Ou rdcH hq;=l
jYfhka rduq.; lruq. fuu ;ekau rdcH j.lSu ms<sn| wjOdrKh lrk kj cd;Hka;r
;;a;ajhka iy kS;Skag o wkq.; f.

4.2

fufyhq uQ,Ou hkak h,amek .sh fhula jkjdg wu;rj tajd lsis f,ilska fyda rdcH
wdh;k fyda wlrKuh w: ksrEmkhkag u`. fy<slrk uQ,Ou fia fhdod .ekSug u`.
mdod ke;. rdcHhla iska tys N+ iSudf fjfik mqoa.,hka flfrys we;s j.lSu fuu rdcH
j.lSu ;=<ska oej wjOdrKh lrk w;r tu rdcH j.lSu ms<sn| w: .ekau f,dalfha
fndfyda fjk;a wdKavql%u jHjia:d u.ska ;yjqre lr we;. fuu fhu jvd;a iDcq iy
myiqfjka f;are .; yels fhula f.

4.3

ksis iqmlaIKh oelaf uQ,Ouh ish rdcH j.lS inkaOfhka ish,a, wNsnjd hk
uQ,Ouhla jYfhka ms<s.; hq;=h.

4.4

;;ajdkqrEm j.lS .Kkdjlska hqla;j mej;s iqNidOkh inkaOfhka YS% ,xld rdcHfha we;s
ft;sydisl lemu kj wdKavl
q %u jHjia:df rdcH j.lS jYfhka meye,s f,i ksrEmkh
h hq;=h.

5' uQ,sl whs;sjdisl

5.0.1 ia;S% whs;sjdisl m%jOkh lsfuys,d ldhhka ys ksr; jk ixOdk iy mqoa.,hka iska
bm;a lrk ,o lreKq oela mok lr .kska ilia lrk ,o uyck woyia uiSf
lgq jd;df 12 jeks mfofha msgq wxl 94 isg 125 olajd we;s msgqj, olajd we;s ksfoaY
iu fuys my; we;s ksfoaY wkq.; f.
5.0.2 fmd uQ,sl whs;sjdisl iy ia;S%ka iy .eyeKq <uhskag fYaaIs;j olajd we;s uQ,sl
whs;sjdisl iy Odldr jQ iudcNdjuh iy ,sx.sl keUqre;djhka iys; wkkH;djhka o
we;s wh wdnd; keke;a;ka inkaOfhka jk whs;sjdisl o ms<sn|j bm;a lr we;s
fndfyda ksfoaY fuys my; kej; wjOdrKh lr ke;.
5.0.3 fuys ioyka ksfoaY u.ska wjOdrKh lr we;af;a m%udKj;a wjOdkhla fhduq lr fkdue;s
ldrKd iy m%ia;=; fyda tfia;a fkdue;s k ia;S%-uQ,sl fldg.;a fhdackdjka h.
5.0.4 uQ,sl whs;sjdisl ms<sn| mfoh u.ska whs;sjdisl fldgiaj,g fkdfnh yels nj ms<s.;
hq;= nj;a iudc iy wdl whs;sjdisl wka;.; h hq;= nj;a tu whs;sjdisl uQ,sl
whs;sjdisl jYfhka wka;.; lsu fya;=fjka u tu whs;sjdisl wlrKuh mis`o,Sulg
hg;ah hq;= njg;a b;d m%n, wdldrfhka ksfoaY lrkq ,ef. fkamd,fha iy ol=Kq wms%ldj
jeks mj;kSh ixoNhl mj;sk rdcHhkays we;s wdKavql%u jHjia:d Odkhka o we;=
fjk;a woH;k wdKavql%u jHjia:dj, mj;sk ;;a;ajhka fuu.ska ksrEmkh f.

5.0.5 oekg n,mj;akd wdKavql%u jHjia:dj hgf;a uQ,sl whs;sjdisl N=la;s f yslu
mqrjeishkag muKla iSud lr we;. fuu whs;sjdisl N=la;s f whs;sh yslr f kj
uxikahlg m;a lrkq ,nk ksfoaYh jkafka uQ,sl whs;sjdisl iajNdl iy kS;suh
;;a;ajhla we;s iEu ;eke;af;l=gu tk rdcHfha N+ iSudj ;=< fjfik mqrjeishkag;a
mqrjeishka fkdjk ;eke;a;kag;a uQ,sl whs;sjdisl yslr h hq;=h hkakh.
5.0.6 tfiau uQ,sl whs;sjdisl wod, jk lafIa;%h mqoa.,sl iy rdcH fkdjk ;eke;a;ka flfrys o
wod, jk m jHdma; l< hq;= njg o ksfoaY lruq. mqoa.,hka iska o rcfha fkdjk
n,Odka iska o udkj ysl W,a,x>Kh lrkq ,eug tfrysj ls%hd lsu i|yd jHjia:duh
ms<s.ekSula ;sh hq;=h. fuu ksfoaYh foaYSh wlrK n,h iy cd;Hka;r kS;shg wkql+,
jkafkah.
5.0.7 woyia m%ldY lsf ksoyi inkaOfhka jk whs;sjdislu ,nd fokq ,nk j.ka;sh ;=< we;s
ksoyi, w.;sodhl f,i j.h cd;sl;ajh ia;S% mqreINdjh fyda wd.u u; mok jQ ffjr
iy.; ye.S m%jOkh lsug fkdyels jk m imdokh h hq;=h (ol=Kq wms%ldkq
wdKavql%u jHjia:df 16 jeks fldgi).
5.1 yrhd;aul iudk;ajh:
5.1.1 jHjia:df we;s iudk;ajh hk ldrKh ia;s%hg u;a iy yrhd;aul wre;la we;s lrjk
m imdokh h hq;=h. m%;sM,hl iudk;ajh hk oDIa fldaKfhka i,lk l< iudk;ajh
ms<sn| j;udk bm;a lsu ia;s%h flfrys ^iy wksl=;a lKavdh flfrys u;a f,i
muKla fkdj yrhd;aul iudk;ajh o ;yjqre lrjk wdldrhg mq,a l< hq;=h.
5.1.2 yrhd;aul iudk;ajh hkqfjka woyia jkafka wjia:djkaf.a iudk;ajh, wjia:djka yslr
.ekSug we;s iudk;ajh iy iudk m%;sM, ,eug we;s iudk;ajh f.
5.1.3 iu wdrlaIdj hkafkka ls%hdj,Ska fyda u;a iudk;ajh, n,mEu, m%;smdlh iy m%;sM,fha
iudk;ajh iy;sl lrk NdIdj, iudk;ajh hk j.ka;sh ;=<g we;=,;aj mej;Su woyia lrk
w;r yrhd;aul iudk;ajh hkafkka wjOdkhla fhduq lrkafka m%;sM,j,g h'
5.1.4 ;sridr ls%hdud. wNsjOkh lsu inkaOfhka muKla fkdj iudk;ajh inkaO ldrKfha
YS% ,xldf wlrKfha im%odhsl;ajh ie,ls,a,g .kska jvd;a mmQK jQ w:hlska
iudk;ajh hkak ms<sn|j kej; is;Sug o fuh ;SrKd;aul jYfhka jeo.;a f.
5.2 fjkia f,i fkdie,lSf j.ka;sh:
5.2.1 mqoa.,hl=f.a ,sx.sl;ajh, ia;%S mqreI iudcNdjh, ia;S% mqreI iudcNdjuh wkkH;d, ,sx.sl
keUqre;djhka, l=,h, wd.u, cd;sl;ajh, iudc uQ,hka, jdyl wjdylNdjh, ud;D;ajh,
jhi, NdIdj, udkisl fyda Ydl wn,;d, .NKSNdjh, is,a ;;a;ajh, wdl ;;a;ajh, yDo
idlaIHh fyda Yajdihka" Wm; fyda jekaoUqNdjh fyda fjk;a kEu mqoa., ;;a;ajhla u;
lsisfjl= fjkia f,i fkdie,lsh hq;= njg ksYA;j oelah hq;=h.
5.2.2 fjk;a kEu mqoa., ;;a;ajhla hkafkka woyia jkafka fuys ksYA;j ioyka lr fkdue;s
twhs ;;a;ajhka jeks fYaIs; ;;a;ajhka hgf;a isk ;ekeka;ka h.
5.2.3 jeys ;eke;a;ka iy .DyuQ,sl ia;S%ka jeks fjkia f,i ie,l= ,eh yels ksYA;
;;a;ajhka wdKavql%u jHjia:df fjkia f,i fkdie,lSf j.ka;sh u`.ska y`kd ms<.
s ;
hq;=h.
3

5.2.4 iu wjia:dj: fjkia f,i fkdie,lsh hq;= njg jk j.ka;sh iska b;d meye,s f,iu iu
wjia:dj i,idu kS;suh neula iys; j.lSula f,i ms<s.; hq;= w;r th lsisf,ilska fyda
kj jHjia:df we;s neula we;s fkdlrk j.ka;sj,g wod, jk fia fn,ySk fkdl< hq;=h.
5.2.5 ia;s%hf.a wdl iudc is,a iy foaYmd,k whs;sjdisl inkaOfhka jQ YS% ,xldf we;s
nehdj$j.lSu ms<sUq jk wdldrhg NdIduh iu wjia:dj uQ,sl udkj whs;sjdisl ms<sn|
mfofha oelah hq;=h.
5.2.6 ia;S%ka orejka wdnd; ;eke;a;ka iy fjk;a iq ck lKavdh fmd ck fldgia jYfhka
lKavdh .; fkdl< hq;= w;r th tfia fkdh hq;af;a fuu tla tla ck lKavdhj,g
iqfYAIs; jQ wjYH;d mj;sk ksidh.
5.3 ;sridr ls%hdud.
5.3.1 jHjia:dj u.ska iudkd;au;djh iy;sl lrkq ,eu u.ska jrm%ido rys; fyda wjjrm%id;
ck fldgiaa i`oyd fYAI Odk i,id we;s m%;smdok n,rys; fkdl< hq;=h. yrhd;aul
iudk;ajh inkaOfhka jQ m%;smdokhla u.ska jHjia:df ;sridr Odk ;jrg;a
Yla;su;a lrkq we;.
5.3.2 ;sridr ls%hdud. ms<sn| j.ka;sh u.ska ft;sydislj is jQ wdka;sllrKhka iy fjkia f,i
i,lkq ,e ms<s.ekSulg ,la l< hq;= w;r ia;S%kag ;;ajdkqrEm iu ;;a;ajh w;am;a lr
.ekSu i|yd wjYH fYAIs; Odk we;=,;a lsu msKsi rchg wksjdh j.lSula we;s njg
jk j.ka;shla we;=,;a l< hq;=h.
5.3.3 ia;s%hf.a ;;a;ajh hgm;a lrk iy ia;s%hf.a .re;ajh, iqNidOkh fyda wNs,dIhkag tfrysj
mj;sk kS;suh, ixialD;sluh iy pd;%uh Nd;djka iy ,laIK m%ldYs;ju ;yk l<
hq;=h.
5.4 hqla;sh i|yd bv m%ia:dj
5.4.1 hqla;sh i,id .ekSu i`oyd jQ whs;sh i`oyd bv m%ia:dj ie,iSu iy ksis wjia:df ksis ms<sh
,ndu i|yd bv m%ia:d i,idu iy;sl lrk j.ka;s ksYa; f,i ksjpkh lr jHjia:df
olajd ;sh hq;=h. fuu whs;sjdisl wlrKuh ksYaphg bv ie,ish hq;= w;r is,a iy
wmrdO kS;s ls%hdud.hka Tiafia ysl mEug yels jk m ilia h hq;=h. fuu whs;sh
kS;sh u.ska n,d;aul lsug yels h hq;= w;r is,a iy wmrdO kvq mej lghq;=j,g o
wod, h hq;=h.
5.4.2 rdcH wdh;k ;=< tk fmd,sish" wlrK ffjoH ks,Odka" WmfoaYljreka" kvq
fufyhjkakka" wlrK ffjoH fYaI{hka iy wlrK ks,Odka ;=< mjd ka;hd uQ,sl
fldg.;a m%fYhla fkdue;su fya;=fjka jOkh we;s ;;a;ajhka ;=< uYk m%udou
we;= O ndOlhkag ka;hka uqyqK fokq ,nhs' f fya;=fjka hqla;sh miso,Sf l%u
moaO;sh u.ska iyk whe| isug ka;hkag isj ;sf' ia;S%ka o we;=j im%odhsl jYfhka
neyer lrk ,o lKavdh iska hqla;sh fidhd hdf l%u moaO;s.; mSvdjkag hg;aug
isj ;sf' f ksid iyk i,id .ekSfuka fyda whqla;sh ms<sn`o ldrKh jd;d lsfuka fyda
ia;S%ka je<elaf ;;a;ajhla we;s lrjk w;r th ;jrg;a jrolrejkag ovqj |Sfuka
ksoyiaj isug bv i,ikq we;.
5.4.3 id:lj ksis wjia:df ms,sh ,ndug rdcH j.lSula we;s njg kS;sh u.ska bv i,ik
j.lSula j;udkfha rch fj; mej ke;. tk hqla;sh miso,Sf l%ufoh u.ska
wid:lNdjhg m;a lrkq ,nk ia;s%hlg iyk i,id .ekSf ud. ke;.
4

5.4.4 hqla;sh i,id .ekSug we;s whs;sh we;=,;a l< hq;= njg jk ksfoaYh u.ska kS;sh iy iduh
/lSf n,Odkaf.a ls%hdjka flfrys iDcq n,mEula we;s lrjkq we;s w;r th jvd;a
m%;sm,odhl ug k fuu lreK uQ,sl whs;sjdisl ms<sn| mfohg we;= l< hq;=h.
5.4.5 hqla;sh i,id .ekSug ia;s%hg we;s whs;sh hkafkka woyia jkafka meKs,s Ndr .ekSug Nd.
lsug kvq mejug wlrKuh Odkhka ksl=;a lsug iy wlrKuh ;SrK ls%hdf
fhoug n,h,;a wdh;k ^fmd,sia ks,Odka" wlrK ffjoH ks,Odka iy wlrK
ks,Odka& ;=<ska wjYH lghq;= lr .ekSug yelshdj mej;Su iy ta wdh;k ;=< m%udKj;a ia;S%
ksfhdackhla ;su h.
5.4.6. wdKavql%u jHjia:dj hgf;a my; oelafjk whs;sjdisl wdrlaId h hq;=h(
^w&

ish ia;S%kag iy <uhskag ish wdldrfha m%pKav;ajhkaf.ka iy mSvdjkaf.ka ksoyiaj

isug we;s whs;sjdislu.

^wd&

ish ia;S% iy <ud ka;hkag iy m%pKav;ajfhka .e, isk ish fokd fjkqfjka
ksis l,g kvq mjrd jrolrejkag ovqj ,ndfuka iyk i,id .ekSug we;s
whs;sjdislu;

5.4.7 Bg iu.dj,
a) ka;hkag idlaIslrejkag iy kvq lshkakkag mj;sk kS;s moaO;sh u.ska iydh ,nd
.ekSug wjYHfhka .e,fmkakd jQ wdrlaIs; jd;djrKhla o iys;j ka;hd flaka jQ
m%;spdrhla ,nd f j.lSu o;
b) lkka iy m%n, wdldrhlska kS;sh n,d;aul lsf ls%hdoduhla u.ska idOdrK;ajhg
wkql+,f j.lSu o rdcH fj; we;s njg iy;sl l< hq;=h'
5.4.8 tu.ska rch iska ka;hkag iy m%pkav;ajfhka .e, isk ;eke;a;kag ffjoH, ufkdaiudc, mqkre;a:dmk iy mSvdfjka w;au i|yd myiql iy kS;s fiajd iemhSug iy
ck;djg ta inkaO f;dr;=re ,ndug lghq;= lsug jev ms<sfj,la ielish hq;=h'
5.4.9 idOdrK;ajh i|yd m%fYhka ,nd .ekSug we;s whs;sh jvd;a M,odhS f,i iy;sl lr .ekSu
inkaOfhka fuys idlPd lrk ,o rcfha j.lSu hk ldrKh by; wxl 4.3 olajd we;s
ksis ie,ls,a, oelau ms<sn| uQ,Ouh iu i,ld ne,sh hq;=h'
5.5 bv iy foafmd, i|yd we;s whs;sh
5.5.1 ish mqreIhkag;a ish ia;S%kag;a bv iy foam, Wreuu w;am;a lr .ekSu ysld;ajh
l<ukdlrKh mmd,kh iy neyer lsu inkaOfhka iu whs;sjdislu we;s njg
wdKavql%u jHjia:dj u.ska ms<sf.k ;sh hq;=h.
5.6 iudc wdrlaIdj
5.6.1 iudc wdrlaIdjg we;s whs;sh" iyfhda.s;djh" j.lSu" Yah;ajh" idOdrK;ajh"
ldhlaIu;djh" ksoNdjh iy iyNd.s;ajh hk uQ,Ou u.ska md,kh mqoa.,sl iy
iduQysl wjYH;d bgq lrug u. i,id h hq;=h.1
5.6.2 fulS uQ,Ouhkag hg;aj lsis f;khla fkd,nd lrk .Dyia: lghq;= lrk mqoa.,hka
fYAIfhkau ia;S%kag iudc wdrlaIKh i|yd kS;sh u.ska ls%hd;aul lrjkq ,eh yels
whs;sjdisl mej;sh hq;=h.
1

Based on Ecuadorian Constitution (2008) in Section 8, Article 34

5.7 ia;S%kaf.a uQ,sl whs;sjdisl

5.7.1 wiudk ;;a;ajhla mej;Sf iy ia;S%kag tfrys fjkia f,i i,lkq ,ef ;;a;ajhla
mej;Sf ft;sydisl iy jHqyd;aul iajrEmh ie,ls,a,g .kska uQ,sl whs;sjdisl ms<sn|
mfoh hgf;a ia;S%kaf.a whs;sjdisl ljfo hkak meye,sj ia;r h hq;=h.
whs;sjdisl j, fkdfnh yels ;;a;ajh ms<s.kska fuu ia;S% whs;sjdisl kS;sh ls%hdf
fhou u.ska N=la;s h yels h hq;=h.
5.7.2 ia;S% whs;sjdisl Yajuh jYfhka n,mj;ajk njg;a iEu ;eke;af;l=gu wd;au .re;ajfhka
ie,lsh hq;= jk njg;a ia;S% whs;sjdisl hgm;a jk wdldrhg fjk;a lsis kS;shla n,d;aul
l< fkdyels jk njg;a wdKavql%u jHjia:df meye,sj ioyka h hq;=h.
5.7.3 iu ;;a;ajhg we;s uQ,sl whs;sjdislu iy wksl=;a uQ,sl whs;sjdisl W,a,x>Khug bv
i,ik ka by; mej;s iy oekg mj;sk Iudld kS;s kej; uYkh lsug;a tu kS;s
wfydais lrkq ,eug;a wjYH m%;smdok wdKavql%u jHjia:dj ;=< ;sh hq;=h.
5.7.4 cd;Hka;r kS;suh ne|shdjkag wkql+,j wdKavql%u jHjia:dj u.ska wdrlaId lrkq ,eug
ksh; iy kS;sh u.ska ls%hdf fhoh yels, ia;S%kag ksYA; jQ whs;sjdislj,g my;
whs;sjdisl we;=,;a jkafkah:
a) iu ;;a;ajhg we;s whs;sjdisl - mqreIhkag iy ia;S%kag iu whs;sjdisl ;sh hq;=h.
kS;sh u.ska iy Nd;h u.ska hk fowdldrfhka u iu whs;sh we;s nj kS;sh u.ska
;yjqre l< hq;=h' fYaIfhka u mjq,l mqoa.,sl n,iSudj ;=< fukau fmd
wjia:djkayS o fuh wod, h.
b) iudk jkdlula we;s ldhh i|yd iu jegqma ,eug we;s whs;sjdislu;
c) iajdh;a;Ndjhg iy Ydl tald.%;djh, ,sx.sl whs;sjdisl iy m%ckk fi!LH i|yd
we;s whs;sjdisl.
d) fmd mirh ;=< fukau mqoa.,sl iSudj ;=< o m%pKav;ajfhka ksoyiaj iy
.re;ajfhka hq;=j j;aug iy wudkqIsl jOysxid iy lDDr wudkqIsl iy my;afldg
ie,l= ,efuka f;drj j;a ug we;s whs;sjdislu.
e) ;udf.a wNsu;hg wkqj /lshdjl ksr;ug o j;aug f;khla ,eug o
jfkdamdhl fhug o we;s whs;sjdislu;
f) wdydr iqrlaIs;Ndjhg iy wdydr iaffj;ajhg we;s whs;sjdislu
g) iudc wdrlaIdj ksjdi wOHdmkh iy fi!LH i|yd we;s whs;sjdislu;
h) iudk ksfhdackhla ,nd .ekSug iy ;SrK .ekSug we;s whs;sjdislu;
i) /lshdjl ksr;u i|yd rka msgug we;s whs;sh o we;=j ndOdjlska f;drj ksoyfia
hd B lsug we;s whs;sjdislu.
5.8

O;ajfhka hq;= ,sx.sl keUqre;djhka iy ia;S% mqreI iudcNdjuh wkkH;djhka iys;

;eke;a;kaf.a whs;sjdisl

5.8.1

kS;sh bfha iu whs;sjdisl mej;Su fjkia f,i ie,l= fkd,ef whs;sjdislu

m%pKav;ajfhka lDDr iy wudkqIsl jOysxikfhka f;drj iy my;a f,i iy wjuka
iy.;j ie,l= ,efuka f;drj j;af whs;sjdislu wksl=;a whs;sjdisl fiau N=la;s
f whs;sjdislu O;ajfhka hq;= ,sx.sl keUqre;djhka iy ia;S% mqreI iudcNdjuh
wkkH;djhka iys; ;eke;a;ka fj; yslr h hq;= njg wdKavql%u jHjia:dj u.ska b;d
meye,s f,iu ms<s.; hq;=h'2

Page 112 of the PRC report contains the full recommendation on this section

5.9 ixl%uKsl fiajlhkaf.a udkj whs;sjdisl

5.9.1 uyck woyia uiSf lgqj fyda 2009 Tlaf;dan ui ilia lrk ,o whs;sjdisl
flgqm; fyda u.ska ixl%uKsl fiajlhkaf.a uQ,sl whs;sjdisl ms<s.ekSug ,la lr fkdue;
^ixl%uKsl fiajlhskaf.a Pkao whs;sh ms<sn|j uyck woyia uiSf lgq jd;df i|yka
j we;&.
5.9.2 YS% ,dxlsl ixl%uKsl ia;S%ka w;sYd, ixLHdjla is hk ldrKh iy ia;S%kag ixl%uKh ug
ndOd muqKqjk Odk .Kkdjla ls%hd;aulj mej;Su hk ldrKh o ie,ls,a,g .kakd g
kj jHdjia:df uQ,sl whs;sjdisl mfoh ;=< ixl%uKsl Y%lhkaf.a whs;sjdisl
;yjqre lsf wjYH;djh uekka meye,s f.
5.9.3

wdKavql%u jHjia:dj u.ska;

/lshd lsu i|yd fukau fjk;a wjYH;d i|yd o ndOdjlska f;drj we;=j ixl%uKh
lsug ia;S%kag we;s whs;sh o;
iEu ixl%uKsl fiajlhl=gu - fYaIfhkau ia;S%ka iy Tjqkaf.a mjq,aj, idudlhkag
rdcHfha wdrlaIdj iy iEu wdldrhlu iydh" WmfoaY iy wdrlaIdjg wod, fiajdjka
iemhSug rdcHfha we;s j.lSu ia:dms; lsug we;s whs;sho
kej; ish rg meKSug - fYaIs;ju kS;s frda f,i ixl%uKh we;s ;eke;a;kag
kej; meKSug o ta iuu mqrjeishl=g we;s whs;sjdisl yslr .ekSug we;s whs;sh o
ia:dms; l< hq;=h.

5.10 wdndO iys; ;eke;a;kaf.a whs;sjdisl

5.10.1 wdndO iys; ;eke;a;ka fYaIfhka u iQrdlEug ,laf by,u wjOdkula iys;j isk
ia;S%ka iy .eyeKq <uhska wdka;SlrKhg fhduqj ;su flfrys fYaI wjOdkhlska hq;=j
udkisl iy Ydl wn,;djhka we;s ;eke;a;ka mSvdjkag iy iudchSh wdka;sllrKhg
,laf ;;a;ajhka wdKavql%u jHjia:dj u.ska ms<s.; hq;=h.
5.10.2 ksYA; Odk iys;j ;sridr ls%hdud. mej;Su u.ska Ydl fkdyelshdjka iys;
;eke;a;ka ^fYaIfhkau fiajd myiql ,nd .ekSf o iudc wdrlaIdj i,id .ekSf
o nyqO wdldr fjkia f,i ie,lSj,g ,lajk Ydl fkdyelshdjka iys; ia;S%ka iy
.eyeKq <uhska& yg iu ;;a;ajhla ,nd .ekSug w;HdjYH h.
5.11 j;udk jHjia:df 16 jeks jHjia:dj
5.11.1

jHjia:dfjka iy;sl lr we;s mqrjeishkaf.a uQ,sl whs;sjdisl inkaOfhka wkql+,

;;a;ajhla mej;sh o wdKavql%u jHjia:df 16 jeks j.ka;sh u.ska ish ,s; iy w,s;
kS;Ska j,x.= iy n,d;aul njg m%ldY lr we;.

5.11.2

YS% ,xldf j;udk wdKavql%u jHjia:dj u.ska O ckjd.sl iy wd.l m%cdjkag ;u

is;a iy im%odhsl kS;s Nd;d lsu i|yd we;s whs;shg bv i,id ;su w.h l< hq;=
jk w;r by; ioyka 15 jeks j.ka;sh u.ska ia;S%ka flfrys fYaIfhka u kS;sh wjNd;d
lsu iy wdidOdrKhg ,lalsug bv i,id we;.

5.11.3

ta inkaOfhka my; ioyka ksfoaY bm;a lruq:

a) j;udk jHjia:df we;s 16 jeks jHjia:dj bj;a l< hq;=h. tu.ska jHjia:df
W;a;;rNdjh iy;sl lrkq we;;
b) kj wdKavql%u jHjia:dj n,d;aul jk wjia:dj jk g j,x.=j mj;sk ish kS;s kj
wdKavql%u jHjia:df m%;smdok iu wkkql+,j mj;skafka o hkak ;yjqre lr
.ekSu i|yd uYkhlg Ndckh l< hq;=h
7

c)

mqoa., kS;S inkaOfhka i,ld n,k l< ol=Kq wms%ldkq wdKavql%u jHjia:df olajd
we;s wdldrhg O mqoa., kS;s u.ska wdjrKh fkd,nd isug mqoa.,hskag we;s
whs;sh i,id h hq;=h.

6' jHjia:dlrKh
6.1 jHjia:dlrKhla ia:dms; lsu'
6.1.1

uyck woyia uiSf lgq jd;dj u.ska fY%aIaGdlrKfha jHdjia:dms; ksiqre uvq,a,la
fyda wdKavql%u jHdjia:dlrKhla msysgqu inkaOfhka meye,s ksfoaYhla bm;a lr
ke;s kuq;a tjeks wdKavql%u jHjia:dlrKhla msysgqu b;du ;SrKd;aul jYfhka jeo.;a
f. thg fya;=j k wlrKuh wdh;k jD;a;Sh ksiqrejkaf.ka iy fmr is kS;s
ks,Odkaf.ka muKlau ixhqla;j mej;Su b;du ;SrKd;aul jYfhka jeo.;a f.
jHdjia:dlrKh msysgqf jHjia:duh jYfhka jeo.;a jk ldrKd wrNhd uq,a ;ekla
ug Odk fhh hq;= w;r ta i|yd b;d mqq,a .eUqre lreKq oela iy fYAIfhkau
uQ,sl whs;sjdisl lafIa;%hg wod,j kS;sl%ufha wNsjOkh Wfoid jk bv lvla i,idug
wjia:dj ie,ish hq;=h.

6.1.2

jHjia:dlrKhg ksiqrejreka m;a lsu inkaOfhka b;d meye,s iy ksYA;

ksKdhl ;sh hq;= njg ksfoaY lruq. ksiqrejreka m;a lsf uyck Yajdih iy
m%k;ajh u; mokj mqoa.,sl iy rdcH kS;s lafIa;%fhka iy ksis iqiql iy w;aoelS
iys; Ydia;S%h kS;s Ydrohska w;ka f;dard .ekSug mshjr .; hq;=h.

6.2 jHjia:dlrKh ;=< ia;S% ksfhdackh

6.2.1

jHjia:dlrKh ;=< ia;S% ksfhdackhla ;sh hq;=h. miq.sh w;aoelS wkqj wmg fmkS hk
lreKla jkafka m<d;a md,k wdh;k ksfhdackh we;=j fjk;a ksfhdack mj;sk wdh;k
inkaOfhka ia;S%ka i|yd m%udKj;a ksfhdackhla ,ndu msKsi whs;sjdisl i,id .ekSu
msKsi mjrk ,o uQ,sl whs;sjdisl kvqjl fY%aIaGdlrKh b;du im%odhsl wdlrfhka
ls%hd lr we;s nj mejish hq;=h. tu ksid Yajdih f.dvk.d .ekSu i|yd we;s tlu u`.
ksfhdackh ,ndu h.

6.2.2

jHjia:dlrKfha ksiqrejkaf.ka ;=fkka tllaj;a ia;S% ksfhdackhla ;sh hq;= hehs

ksfoaY lrk w;r jHjia:dlrKfha iuia; ixhq;sh ;=<ska YS% ,xld iudcfha nyqO;ajh
ksrEmkh h hq;= hehs o ksfoaY lruq. ksfhdackh lsisfia;u wkqmd;sl ksfhdackhla fyda
kdl ksfhdackhla fkdh hq;=h.

6.3 uQ,sl whs;sjdisl ms<sn| wlrK n,h m<d;a ugka ls%hd;aul lsu
6.3.1

uQ,sl whs;sjdisl ms<sn`o wlrK n,h uOH.; l< hq;=h. hqla;sh mis`o,Sf wjia:d
i,id .ekSu i`oyd m<d;a ugka wjia:dj i,id u whs;sjdisl iy;sl lr .ekSu
inkaOfhka w:dka; mshjrla jkafkah. my; we;s ksfoaYh ol=Kq wms%ldkq wdoYhla
u; mok f.

6.3.2

fuu wlrK n,h m<d;ano uydlrKhg mjrdug ksfoaY lruq. tfiau tjeks
ksfoaYhla ls%hd;aul lsug ksiqre msia n,h je lsug isjk njg;a m<d;ano
wlrKhkag uQ,sl whs;sjdisl kvq Nd. meje;au inkaOfhka we;s yelshdj wvq njg
bm;a jk ;lh b;d mgq iy iS;Ndjhla iys; nj fuys,d ioyka l< hq;=h. wNshdpkd
n,h uOH.; lrkq ,nk wdldrhg th is l< yels w;r tu.ska rgmqrdu uQ,sl
whs;sjdisl ms<sn| wlrK n,h ls%hd;aul lrjd .ekSug w;HdjYH mshjrla jk nj lsj
8

hq;=h. uOH.; lsf Odk Yla;su;a lsu i`oyd m%udKj;a mqyqKq jevigyka iy
u.fmka i,id ug jHdjia:dlrKfha ksiqrejreka fhdod .; yelsh.
6.3.3

m<d;ano uydlrKfha ;Skajla inkaOfhka jHjia:dlrKhg wNshdpkd lsug

m%;smdok ie,ish hq;=h.

7' iu; jQ kS;S ms<sn`o uYkh

7.1 wlrK uYkh inkaOfhka we;s mq,a iy ia;SK n,hg wu;rj kj jHjia:df
Odk hgf;a oekg mj;sk ish jHjia:djka jrKhg ,la lsug rdcHhg iy
jHjia:dlrKhg j.ula we;s njg jHjia:dj u.ska kshuhla lr ;su jeo.;a f.
7.2 wdKavql%u jHjia:dj iy whs;sjdisl mk;a flgqm; fyda jHjia:d w: ksrEmkh lsu
inkaOfhka wlrKh iska:
a) wdKavql%u jHjia:df iy whs;sjdisl ms<sn| mkf;ys wruqKq mrud: m%jOkh lsu
i|yd lghq;= l< hq;=h;
b) m%cd;ka;%jd idOdrK jD; iy nyq ck iudchl we;s yrhka iy jkdl m%jOkh
i|yd lghq;= l< hq;=h;
c) cd;Hka;r kS;sh ie,ls,a,g .; hq;=h,
d) foaY kS;sh ie,ls,a,g .; yelsh (fjk;a rgj, we;s foaYSh kS;Ska)
7.3 kj wdKavql%u jHjia:dj iy whs;sjdisl mk; iu; lr .ekSfuka jI foll ld,hla
we;=,; jHjia:dlrKh iska oekg mj;akd ish ,s; iy w,s; kS;s jrKhg ,la lr
kj wdKavl%u jHjia:dj iska iy whs;sjdisl mk; u.ska yslr we;s whs;sjdisl
inkaO m%;smdok iu wkql+, jk njg iy;sl lr .; hq;=h.
7.4 md,sfka;=j iy m<d;a iNd u.ska iu; lrkq ,en we;s ish wKmk;a fukau Odhl
;SrK o jrKh lsf wlrK n,h jHjia:dlrKhg yslr h hq;=h.
7.5 oekg iu; lrkq ,en we;s kS;S inkaOfhka we;s jHjia:dkql+,Ndjh ms<sn`o jHjia:dlrK
;SrK" wkd.;h inkaOfhka wod, jk w;r oekgu;a is lrk ,o ls%hd inkaOfhka jk
w;S;ld, n,mEula we;s fkdh hq;=h.
8' ue;sjrK l%uh iy ls%hdj,sh
8.1 YS% ,xldf ue;sjrK l%uh ;=<ska - th l=uk ud,shl jQjo- wdKavqf ish ksfhda; wdh;k
;=< wju jYfhka ;=fkka tll ksfhdackhla ia;S%ka i|yd fjka lsu msKsi fldagd l%uhla
mej;sh hq;= w;r tu.ska YS% ,dxlsl iudcfha nyqck iajrEmh o ksrEmKh h hq;=h.
8.2 wdKavqf ish ia:rhka ;=< ia;S% ksfhdackh iy;sl lsu i|yd tu iEu wdh;khlau ms<sn`o
fidhd ne,Sf j.lSu ue;sjrK fldiu fj; yslr h hq;=h.
8.3 foaYmd,k ixia:d ;=< iy rdcH wdh;k ;=< jvd;a fyd`o ia;S% ksfhdaackhla we;s lr .ekSu hk
;;a;ajh <`.d lr .ekSf yelshdj w;am;a lr .kakd ;=re ia;S%ka i|yd jk by; lS wksjdh
fldagd l%uh ;djld,sl Odkhla fia ie,lsh hq;=h.
9

9' rdcH uQ,H

9.1 ia;S% whs;sjdisl wNsjOkh lsu jvd;a by, ksoNdjhla mj;ajdf.k hdu iy jdIsl
whjeh ilia lsf ck;d woyia uiSf wksjdhNdjhla mej;Su hk ldrKd rdcH wruqo,a
fjka lsf ldhhfha b;d jeo.;a wjYH;djhla f. fYAIfhkau rdcH uQ,H inkaOfhka
jHjia:duh m%;smdok u.ska ia;S% mqreI iudcNdjuh whjehl uQ,Ou ms<sUq h hq;=h. tjeks
m%;smdok u.ska im;a fnod yef ia;S%kag wod, ldrKd ie,ls,a,g .ekSu iy;sl lr,Su
msKsi b ld,hg lghq;= l< yels jkq we;.
9.2 rdcH uQ,H l<ukdlrKfha ia;S% mqreI iudkd;au;djh iy;sl lr .ekSu i|yd cd;sl m<d;a
iNd iy m<d;a md,k wdh;k iska iu; lrkq ,nk iEu kS;shlau iy m%;sm;a;shla u
inkaOfhka ia;S% mqreI iudcNdh iudk;ajh we.hSulg ,la l< hq;= hehs ksfoaY lruq.
9.3 tfiau cd;sl wdKavqf iy m<d;a iNdjkays jdIsl whjeh imdokfha ia;S% mqreI
iudcNdjhg we;s lrk n,mEu ms<sn`o we.hq m%ldYkhla iu bm;a h hq;= w;r tu.ska
ia;S%-mqreI iudcNdjh ms<sn`o oelaula iys;j rdcH ho m%jdyhka wlaIKh lsug;a rdcH
fiajd ie,iSug;a rdcH im;a j,ska m%fhdack .ekSu i|yd jvd je bvlvla ia;S%kag ,nd
.ekSf yelshdj wlaIKh lsug;a tu.ska bv i,id .; yels m tu m%ldYkh ilia h
hq;=h.3
10' jHjia:dodhl iNdj iy iajdk fldIka iNd
10.1 wdKavql%u jHjia:df 19 jeks ixfYdaOkh u.ska msysgqjk ,o jHjia:d iNdj iska O
iajdk fldIka iNdj,g m;a ls is lsf rfgys we;s ckjd.sl ixhq;sh iy ia;S% mqreI
iudcNdjhuh nyqO;djh ksrEmkh jk wdldrhg tu m;a ls is lsu iy;sl lr,Sug
Odk i,id we;. tfia jqj;a wdKavqlrKh ;=< jvd;a M,odhS ia;S% ksfhdackhla fyda
iyNd.s;ajhla tu.ska iy;sl l< fkdyels w;r ta ksid tu m%;smdokh n,;d iys; nj wms
ioyka lruq.
10.1 jHjia:dodhl iNdf ixhq;sh i,ld n,k l< tys w;snyq;rhla idudlhska iudcfha
f.!rjhg md;% jQ mqoa.,hkaf.ka iuka; h hq;= njg ksfoaY lruq.
foaYmd,ksl wdh;kj,g f;a m;a jQ ia;S%ka fjkqfjka th b;d jeo.;a jk lreKla nj ioyka
lruq'
10.3 jHjia:dodhl iNdf iy ishu iajdk fldIka iNdj, idudlhkaf.ka wju jYfhka
;=fkka tlla ia;S%kaf.ka iuka; h hq;= hehs ksfoaY lruq.
10.4 tfiau jHjia:dms; wdh;k iy mmd,k wdh;k ;=< wju jYfhka ;=fkka tllaj;a
ia;S%kaf.ka ixhqla; h hq;= hehs ksfoaY lruq.
11' ia;S% lghq;= inkaO iajdk fldiu
11.1 ia;S%ka inkaOfhka oekg n,d;aulj mj;sk kS;s iy m%;sm;a;Ska ls%hd;aul lsf b;sydih
foi n,k g tys wiu;slNdjhla iy wms,sfj,la oelsh yels w;r b;d oe
foaYmd,kSlrKhlg ,laf iy ia;S% whs;sjdisl ms<sn| m%udKj;a wjfndaOhla fkdue;sf
miqu ;=< m%udKj;a inkalrKhla o oelsh fkdyelsj we;. fuu miqu ;=< ia;S% mqreI
iudcNd iudk;ajh ms<sn| hdka;%Kh Yla;su;a lsf wjYH;djh mek ke.S we;.

Based on article 13 of the Austrian Constitution.

10

11.2 iajdk ia;S% fldIka iNdjla cd;sl ugka ia:dms; lr ia;S%kag tfrys ft;sydisl iy
jHqyd;aul wdldrfhka fjkia f,i ie,lSf ;;a;ajhkag iy fmd iy mqoa.,sl ;fha
ls%hdldrl lafIa;% ;=< m%udKj;a iudk;ajhla fkdue;sf ;;a;ajhkag ms,s;=re imdokh
lsug mshjr .; hq;=h. fldIka iNdf idudlhka jHjia:dodhl iNdj iska ksfoaY
lsfuka wk;=rej ckdm;sjrhd iska m;a lsug Odk ie,ish hq;=h. fldIka iNdf
idudl ixhq;sh ck j. ksfhdackh jk wdldrhg ilia h hq;=h.
11.3 fldIka iNdf n,;, iy ldhhka;
a) ;Ska imdokh l< hq;= ldrKd wrNhd ;Ska ilia lsug iy tajd .ei u.ska m%ldY
lsu;
b) rdcH wdh;k wlaIKh, mlaIK meje;au iy wjYH Wmfoia ,ndu;
c) mqoa.,sl meKs,s ndr.ekSu iy wjYH jk wjia:djkayS mlaIK meje;au iy Nd.
lsu;
d) ia;S% mqreINdh wiudk;d iy kS;sfhka iy Nd;hka u.ska ia;S%kag tfrysj fjkia f,i
ie,lSf ;;a;ajhka ms<sn`o iudh mfhaIK meje;au;
e) ia;S% whs;sjdisl W,a,x>Kh lsu ^foaYmd,k lafIa;%h o we;=,;aj& wlaIKh lsu;
f) cd;Hka;r kS;suh iu;hka iu wkql+, jk wdldrhg kS;sh iy Nd;djka fjkia lsu
wrNhd iqiq ksfoaY bm;a lsu;
g) wdKavql%u jHjia:duh m%;smdokj,g wkql+, jk wdldrhg iy ia;S% whs;sjdisl ;yjqre
jk wdldrhg oekg mj;akd m%;sm;a;s iy Odhl ls%hdjka uYkhg ,la lsu.
12' fjkia f,i ie,lSug tfrys fldiu (uyck woyia uiSf lgq jd;dfjka)
12.1

uyck woyia uiSf lgq jd;df ioyka ksfoaY ie,ls,a,g .kska fjkia f,i
i,lkq ,eug tfrys fldIka iNdjla msysgqug jHjia:duh Odk ;sh hq;= w;r
tu.ska ixjdohka g bv i,idu iy idlPd iy uey;a ;=<ska m%;sixialrK i|yd
ksfoaY bm;a lsug bv i,id h hq;=h.

12.2

fuu fldIka iNdf idudlhska O lafIa;%hka ksfhdackh lrk oaj;a iy jD;a;Sl iy

iudc miqula iys; mqoa.,hkaf.ka iuka; h hq;= w;r iudc ixialD;s iy ckjd.sl
wd.l ksfhdackhla iys; h hq;=h

13' kS;sm;s ;k;=r

13.1

fuu ks,fha we;s j.lS iy flakaSh ldhNdrh ie,ls,a,g .kakd g fuu ks,hg wod,
m%Odk;u uQ,Ou b;d meye,s f,i ilia lr ;su b;d jeo.;a f.

13.2

ia;S% wjYH;djhka i|yd hqla;sh i,id .ekSug wjia:d yslr .ekSu msKsi iajdk kS;sm;s
OQrhla mej;Su wjYH h. tu ks,h orkakd rcfha m%Odk kS;s ks,Odhd jYfhka hql;
a sh
mis|,Sf ldhNdrh bgq lrkq we;af;a h.

13.2

kS;sm;s OQrhg wod, mfoh ;=< tu ks,fha j.lS w;rg my; ioyka oE we;=,;a h
hq;=h:
a) kS;sfha md,kh we;s lsu iy uyck iqNfi; i,idu m%jOkh iy wdrlaId lsu.
b) wlrK moaO;sh u.ska hqla;sh mis`o,Sug iydh u iy wdrlaId lsu.
c) wlrKh iska ish ldhhka bgq lsf iy ish n,h ls%hd;aul lsf wlrKfha
iajdk;ajh, wmlaImd;s;ajh, f.!rjh iy Bg m%fYf yelshdj iy m%;sM,odhl nj
iy;sl lsug mshjr .ekSu.,

11

14' rdcH kvq mejf iajdk wOHlaI uvq,a,

14'1

rdcH kvq mej i|yd iajdk wOHlaI uvq,a,la ia:dms; lsu fjkqfjka jHdjia:duh
Odk ;sh hq;= njg fhdaackd flf. rch iska is lrkq ,nk kvq mej i|yd
fYaIs; m%k;djhka iys; iajdk ldhd,hla f,i fuh mej;sh hq;= nj ms<s.ekSug f,dj
h h wlrK moaO;Ska iska ls%hd lr we;. uQ,sl whs;sjdisl lv lsug wod, idmrd
jer inkaO kvqj, fmd iy jHjia:duh wNs,dIhka iy;sl lr .ekSu i|yd iajdk
wOHlaIl uqvq,a,la ia:dms; lsu wjYH f.

14.2

fkdje,elah yels fia wNs,dIhkaf.a .egqula mj;sk wjia:dj, Bg m%;spdr oelaug fujeks
iajdk wOHlaIl uvq,a,lg yelshdj ,efnkq we;: tla me;a;lska rcfha ks,Odka
ksfhdackh lsug isfuka rcfha ls%hdoduhka cd;Hka;r m%cdj bfha wdrlaId lr .ekSug
ls%hd lsug isfuka iy rcfha ks,Odkag reoaOj kvq mejug is fuka o fuu ks,fha
lghq;= lsf wNs,dIhkaf.a ks;H .egqula we;s f. mqoa.,hka wdrlaId lsu inkaOfhka
o hqla;sh i,idf widOdrKhlau je<elaf j.lSu ord .ekSu hk ldrKd iu;=,kh
lr .ekSf im%odhsl jYfhka fuu ks,fha we;s ldhNdrh iuq;s.; ;;a;ajhlg m;a
jkq we;. fuu ;;a;ajh ;=< rdcH kvq meKs,sldr ks,h ksYA; uQ,Ou u; mok jQ
jHjia:duh m%;smdok u.ska msysgqjkq ,nk m%n, ks,hla f,i ia:dms; lsu w;HjYH
jkafkah.

14.3

kvq meju m%udof m%;sM,h jkafka hqla;sh bgqu m%udou h' th ka;hdg iy
idlaIslrejkag w;sfl mSvdjls' th ka;hkag;a iellrejkag;a wksYA;;djhka we;s
lrk w;r tu.ska jkd idlaIs ke;su, wlrK Yd,d ms b;s hdu, kS;s l%uh flfrys
Yajdih ke;s hdu iy o~qj fuka ksoyiaj isug bv ie,iSu hk ish,a,g u. mdokq
we;. ia;S%ka iy l=vd orejka inkaOj we;s kvq lghq;= j, fuu ;;a;ajh fYAIfhka u
kslaIKh l< yelsh.

14.4

iajdk jQ rdcH kvq wOHlaI uKav,h iska hqla;sh mis`o,Sf ls%hdj,sfha we;s wjysr;d iy
w;miqj we;s kvq f.dkq inkaOfhka ls%hdud. .kq we;: lkka hqla;sh mis`o,Sug we;s
ndOdjka w;r m%Odk ndOlhla jkafka kS;sm;s ldhd,fha tla/iaj we;s w;sYd, kvq lghq;=
m%udKhhs. f i|yd msia n,h je lsu tla i`ula jk w;r jvd;a M,odhs f,i fuu
m%YAkh iod .ekSu msKsi fuu ks,h ilia we;s wdldrh flfrys o wjOdkh fhduqlsu
jeo.;a jkq we;.

14.5

rdcH kvq mejf wOHlaIljrhd yereKq g fjk;a n,Od ;eke;a;ka fj; kvq mejf
n,;, m%odkh lsu msKsi md,sfka;=j iska kS;s imdokh l< yelsh hkak wdKavql%u
jHjia:dj ;=< meye,sj ioyka lr ;su w;HjYH jkq we;.

15' kS;sh iy iduhg wod, wdh;k

15.1

ia;S% mqreINdjh u; mok jQ m%pKav ls%hdjka ksid mSvdjg m;a ;eke;a;kag wjYH iyk
i,idug o Tjqka wdrlaId lr .ekSug o tjeks oE isu je<elaug o iellrejkag tfrysj
kvq mejug o yelsjk m ksis iqmlaIKhlska isug rchg ls%hdld j.lSula we;. kS;sh
iy iduh inkaO n,Odka yryd rch f inkaOfhka olajk m%;spdrh foi n,k g
rch iska ish ls%hdld j.lSu bIag lsug wfmdfydi;aj we;s nj fmkS hhs. fuu
wfmdfydi;au fya;=fjka jrolrejka iska ovqj fkd,en isf ixialD;shla f.dvke.S
we;s w;r tjeks m%pKav ls%hd fjkqfjka iyk i,id .ekSu iy tajd jd;dlrKh flfrys
b;d fYdapkSh n,mEula we;s lr we;.

15.2

ka;hd flaka fldg.;a ls%hd ms,sfj;la mj;ajd f.k hdu i|yd kS;sh n,d;aul lrk
n,Odkag ls%hdld j.lSula mjrkq ,nk wdldrfha Odk jHjia:dfjys we;=,;a h hq;=
12

w;r tu.ska ka;hka iy idlaIslrejkaf.a whs;sjdisl wdrlaId lsug o Tjqkag msvd isu
je,elaug o wdrlaId ,nd .ekSug o iyk i,id .ekSug o Odk ;sh hq;=h.
15.3

my; ioyka ldrKd flfrys rchg ls%hdld j.lSula ;ssh hq;af;ah;

ia;S%kaf.a m%Yak wrNhd ls%hd lsu msKsi fjku wxYhla ksfhdacH fmd,siam;sjrhl=f.a
m%Odk;ajfhka mej;sh hq;= njg j.n,d .; hq;=h'
ia;S%ka iy .eyeKq <uqka ,sx.sl w;jrj,g ,la lsu inkaOfhka jk meKs,s uYkh
lsu inkaOfhka fjku jQ tallhla mj;sk njg j.n,d .; hq;=h'
leu;s NdIdjla Nd;d lsf myiqj i,id,kq msKsi wjYH fiajdjka iemhsh hq;=h'
kS;sh iy iduh iq/lSf ldhhkag nojd .ekS iy Wiia f ia;S%kag fldagd
l%uhla mej;Su wfydais l< hq;=h'

16' cd;sl fmd,sia fldiu

16.1

ia;S%-mqreI iudcNdjh mok jQ m%pKav ls%hd iy ia;S%kag tfrys wmrdO inkaOfhka fmd,sish
iska oelah hq;= m%;spdrh Yla;su;a lsu inkaOfhka o cd;sl fmd,sia fldiu iska
iqmlaIK ldhNdrhla bgq lrkq we;. ia;S%kag tfrys m%pKav ls%hd inkaOfhka lghq;=
lsu msKsi fYaIs; ldhNdrhla fmd,sia fldiu fj; mejh hq;=h.

16.2

fldif idudlhkaf.ka wju jYfhka ;=fkka tlla ia;S%ka h hq;= njg ksfoaY lruq.

16.3

ia;S%kag tfrys m%pKav;ajhg olajkq ,nk m%;spdr Yla;su;a lsu iy ms<s.; yels wlaIK
hdka;%Khla mj;ajdf.k hdu msKsi fldiu iska u;= oelafjk ldrKd bgq l< hq;=j we;;
ia;S% mqreI iudcNdjh mok jQ m%pKav;ajh iy ia;S%kag iy .eyeKq <uqkag tfrys wmrdO
ls%hd wlaIKh lsu f,aLk mj;ajdf.k hdu iy f;dr;=re /ia lsu hk ldhhka
inkaOfhka fYaI jd;dlrejl= m;a l< hq;=h;
kS;sh n,d;aul lrjkq ,nk n,Odka iska olajkq ,nk ie,ls,a, fyda m%;spdrh
jOkh lrkq msKsi ld,Sk ksfoaY bm;a lsu i|yd m%;smdok ilia l< hq;=h.
ia;S% fmd,sia ks,Odka n|jd .ekSu iy;sl l< hq;=h'
n|jd .ekS i|yd jQ u;a mmdka imdokh l< hq;= w;r ta i|yd ia;S% mqreI
iudcNdjh inkaOfhka jk fYaIs; mqyqKqjla wksjdh lr ,nd h hq;=h'
wjYHjkakd jQ NdId ksmqk;djh iys;j fmd,sia ia:dk mj;ajdf.k hd hq;= w;r Wiia
inkaO ls%hd mmdfha NdId mqyqKqj flfrys ie,ls,a, oelah hq;= njg iy;sl l<
hq;=h.

17' yis ;;ajhka mj;sk wjia:djka ys uyck wdrlaIdj

17.1

cd;Hka;r kS;sh i|yka lrk wdldrhg yrhd;aul whs;sjdisl lsis wdldrhlska hgm;a l<
fkdyels whss;sjdisl jk w;r yis ;;a;ajhka hgf;a mjd tu whs;sjdisl wdrlaId l<
hq;=h. ta wkqj meia uQ,Ou iy is,a iy foaYmd,k whs;sjdisl ms<sn| cd;Hka;r iuq;sh
u.ska wdrlaId lr we;s hgm;a l< fkdyels whs;sjdisl jHjia:dj u.ska ms<sf.k iu; lr
.; hq;=h.

17.2

ksYa; jYfhka olajf;d;a ia;S%kag ;hg we;s whs;sh Ydl tald.%;djhg we;s whs;sh"
m%pKav;ajfhka wdrlaIdug we;s whs;sh lsis neyer lrk fldkafoaishlska f;drj yis
;;a;ajhka hgf;a mjd hgm;a l< fkdyels whs;sjdisl jYfhka ms,s.; hq;=h.

17.3

wksl=;a uQ,sl whs;sjdisl ljrla fyda hgm;a lsula is f k tu hgm;a ls my;

ksYa;j olajd we;s m%n, fldkafoaisj,g hg;aj is h hq;h
= '

13

 hgm;a l< fkdyels whs;sjdisl j, iSudj olajd ;sh hq;=h' (hgm;a l< fkdyels
whs;sjdisl fudkjdo hkak k l< hq;=h)
oekqf uQ,Ouh (yis ;;a;ajhka hgf;a h h whs;sjdisl hgm;a lsug isjk
njg oekq ula ,nd .ekSug mqoa.,hdg whs;shla we;)
iudkqmd;sl;ajfha ;sh' (yis wjia:d ;;a;ajhka m%ldYhg m;a lsfuka i,id .ekSug
n,dfmdfrd;a;=jk wdrlaIdld nf m%udKhg i,k wdldrhg muKla whs;sjdisl iSud
lsu)
wksl=;a cd;Hka;r ne` iu wkql+,u,
hgm;a ls ms<sn| Odk imdokfha fjkia f,i ie,l= lsug bv fkdie,fik
m h hq;=h.
17.4

lsis yis kS;s Odkhla u.ska ia;S%kag fjkia f,i ie,lSug bv fkd;eh hq;=h.

wdKavql%u jHjia:d m%;sixialrK i|yd iaa;S% mqreI iudcNdh oelaula ms<sn| lgqf le|jqlrejka
jkafka frdais fiakdkdhl iy .re wud;H iqoYkS m%kdkamq,af,a hk uy;ahka f.
fuu f,aLkh ilia lrk ,oafoa uydpdh id;%s .=Kfialr" uydpdh msld Wvq.u" wdpdh rdld
l=udriajd iy wdpdh ldkd .=Kr;ak hk whf.a WmfoaYl;ajfhks.

ls%hdld lgq idudlhka

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10'
11'
12'
13'
14'
15'
16'
17'
18'
19'
20'
21'
22'

iajKd iqukfialr
wdkafnhd ykS*d
m%Ydka;s uyskaor;ak
kgdId ndf,akaka
Ydld Ouodi
l=uqkS ieuqfj,a
fiamd,s fldaff.dv
YHdu,d f.dauia
iqld fmfrd
pQ,kS fldldr
Yska irE
ir,d tuekqfj,a
wdrkHd rdcisxy
fihsk Bn%ys
ffu;S% rdcisxy
kjdia fudyu
lkld wf.=KjOk
ysIHdud yka
fgydks wdhr;ak
wid fg.d,a
f kd.rd
hEka Whkaf.dv

14