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2006 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
1818 H Street NW
Washington, D.C. 20433
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Internet www.worldbank.org
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All rights reserved.
1 2 3 4 5 09 08 07 06
A copublication of the World Bank and the International Finance Corporation.
This volume is a product of the staff of the World Bank Group. The findings, interpretations, and
conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors
of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank Group does not guarantee
the accuracy of the data included in this work.
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Additional copies of Doing Business 2007: How to Reform, Doing Business in 2006: Creating Jobs,
Doing Business in 2005: Removing Obstacles to Growth, and Doing Business in 2004: Understanding
Regulation may be purchased at www.doingbusiness.org.
ISBN-10: 0-8213-6488-X
ISBN-13: 978-0-8213-6488-8
E-ISBN: 0-8213-6489-8
DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-6488-8
ISSN: 1729-2638
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data has been applied for.
Contents
Overview
Starting a business
13
Employing workers
18
Registering property
23
Getting credit
28
Protecting investors
33
Paying taxes
38
43
Enforcing contracts
48
Closing a business
53
References
58
Data notes
61
79
Country tables
95
Acknowledgments
155
Overview
FEMALE YOUTH
ALL YOUTH
Middle East
& North Africa
Latin America
& Caribbean
Eastern Europe
& Central Asia
Sub-Saharan
Africa
OECD
high income
South Asia
East Asia
& Pacific
0
Source: ILO (2005).
10
15
20
25
Table 1.1
Starting
a business
Georgia
Romania
Mexico
China
3
3
Peru
France
Croatia
Guatemala
3
3
Ghana
Tanzania
3
3
Getting
credit
Protecting
investors
3
3
3
3
3
3
Paying
taxes
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Closing a
business
3
3
7
3
3
3
3
3
3
Note: Economies are ranked on the number and impact of reforms. First, Doing Business selects the economies that reformed in 3 or more of the Doing Business topics. Second, it ranks these economies on
the increase in rank in the ease of doing business from the previous year. The larger the improvement, the higher the ranking as a reformer. X indicates a negative reform.
Source: Doing Business database.
89
OECD
high income
83
Sub-Saharan
Africa
67
Middle East
& North Africa
61
Latin America
& Caribbean
58
East Asia
& Pacific
South Asia
35
25
issue a tax registration number on the spot and streamlining company registration. And the corporate income
tax rate was cut from 33% in 2004 to 30% in 2005 and
29% in 2006.
Africa is reforming
Last year and the year before, Africa lagged behind all
other regions in the pace of reform. This year it ranks
third, behind only Eastern Europe and Central Asia and
the OECD high-income countries (figure 1.2). Twothirds of African countries made at least one reform, and
Tanzania and Ghana rank among the top 10 reformers.
In Cte dIvoire registering property took 397 days
in 2005. Reforms eliminated a requirement to obtain the
urban ministers consent to transfer property. Now it takes
32 days. Burkina Faso cut the procedures for starting a
business from 12 to 8 and the time from 45 days to 34.
Madagascar reduced the minimum capital for start-ups
from 10 million francs to 2 million. Tanzania introduced
electronic data interchange and risk-based inspections at
customs. The time to clear imports fell by 12 days. Gambia, Nigeria and Tanzania reduced delays in the courts.
More improvements are under way, and these will
be reflected in the Doing Business indicators next year.
Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Gambia, Madagascar,
Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria and Zambia
have all started to simplify business regulation. The easy
reformswhat can be done by the stroke of a ministers
penare coming first. Small as these initial reforms may
be, they can attract investors who seek the growth opportunities that will follow. Indias economic boom may
have started with just such reforms in the 1980s.1
Several African countries are more ambitious. Mauritius set a goal of reaching the top 10 on the ease of
OVER VIE W
FIGURE 1.3
Negative
reforms
43
Antigua and Barbuda
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Belgium
Benin
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
China
Croatia
Czech Republic
Egypt
El Salvador
Ethiopia
Georgia
Guatemala
Honduras
India
Indonesia
Ireland
Japan
Lao PDR
Lesotho
Lithuania
FYR Macedonia
Madagascar
Mexico
Micronesia
Morocco
Mozambique
Netherlands
Niger
Peru
Portugal
Russia
Rwanda
Saudi Arabia
Switzerland
Syria
Tanzania
Uganda
Ukraine
Uruguay
Armenia
Cambodia
Canada
France
Georgia
Germany
Guatemala
Kenya
Korea
Latvia
Mali
Moldova
Niger
Romania
Spain
Ukraine
Vietnam
Starting a business
Palau
Swaziland
26
24
Argentina
Australia
Georgia
Greece
Lithuania
FYR Macedonia
Romania
Vietnam
Armenia
Australia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Central African Republic
Cte dIvoire
Croatia
El Salvador
Ghana
Greece
Guatemala
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Nicaragua
Nigeria
Seychelles
South Africa
Spain
Swaziland
Tanzania
Algeria
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Bulgaria
China
Czech Republic
Denmark
Dominican Republic
El Salvador
France
Georgia
Honduras
India
Israel
Japan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Mauritius
Nicaragua
Panama
Peru
Romania
Serbia
Thailand
Uruguay
Employing workers
Registering property
Getting credit
Eritrea
New Zealand
Timor-Leste
Bolivia
Djibouti
Maldives
Norway
Serbia
Zimbabwe
FYR Macedonia
Togo
Uganda
Venezuela
Belarus
Hungary
Venezuela
17
OVER VIE W
31
China
Colombia
Germany
Hong Kong, China
India
Israel
Mexico
New Zealand
Peru
Poland
Romania
Sweden
Tanzania
Tunisia
United Kingdom
Albania
Algeria
Antigua and Barbuda
Belarus
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Egypt
Estonia
Ghana
Guinea-Bissau
Hungary
India
Israel
Latvia
Lesotho
Lithuania
Mexico
Moldova
Montenegro
Morocco
Pakistan
Paraguay
Russia
Rwanda
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Sudan
Switzerland
Turkey
Yemen
Cambodia
China
Colombia
France
Georgia
Ghana
Hong Kong, China
India
Jamaica
Jordan
Kenya
Nicaragua
Nigeria
Pakistan
Romania
Serbia
Syria
Tanzania
Togo
Australia
Brazil
Burundi
Chad
Croatia
Denmark
Dominican Republic
Estonia
France
Gambia
Georgia
Guyana
Italy
FYR Macedonia
Nigeria
Peru
Rwanda
Slovakia
Burundi
Chile
France
Italy
Korea
Latvia
Micronesia
Puerto Rico
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
United States
Protecting investors
Paying taxes
Enforcing contracts
Closing a business
Venezuela
15
19
How to reform
In the top reforming economies in the past 3 years,
nearly 85% of reforms took place in the first 15 months
of a new government. The message: for a government
recently elected (as in Benin) or reelected (as in Colombia and Mexico), the time to push through ambitious
reforms is at the start of its term. In the words of one
reformer: Reform is like repairing a car with the engine
runningthere is no time to strategize.
When the government succeeds in these early reforms, citizens start seeing benefitsmore jobs, more
resources for health and education. The appetite for
further reforms grows. In Georgia and Romaniathe
countries that have moved up fastest in the Doing Business rankingsreformers took on simultaneous reforms
in several areas at the start of their mandate.
18
12
Peru
Uzbekistan
TABLE 1.2
2
1
3
4
6
5
7
9
8
10
12
11
14
13
16
15
17
19
18
20
21
22
23
31
25
26
27
24
28
30
29
32
33
37
47
34
112
35
38
45
36
39
62
42
41
40
43
44
71
48
46
50
49
59
52
51
53
54
55
Economy
2007 2006
rank rank
Economy
Singapore
New Zealand
United States
Canada
Hong Kong, China
United Kingdom
Denmark
Australia
Norway
Ireland
Japan
Iceland
Sweden
Finland
Switzerland
Lithuania
Estonia
Thailand
Puerto Rico
Belgium
Germany
Netherlands
Korea
Latvia
Malaysia
Israel
St. Lucia
Chile
South Africa
Austria
Fiji
Mauritius
Antigua and Barbuda
Armenia
France
Slovakia
Georgia
Saudi Arabia
Spain
Portugal
Samoa
Namibia
Mexico
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Mongolia
Kuwait
Taiwan, China
Botswana
Romania
Jamaica
Tonga
Czech Republic
Maldives
Bulgaria
Oman
Belize
Papua New Guinea
Vanuatu
Trinidad and Tobago
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
Kiribati
Slovenia
Palau
Kazakhstan
Uruguay
Peru
Hungary
Nicaragua
Serbia
Solomon Islands
Montenegro
El Salvador
Dominica
Grenada
Pakistan
Poland
Swaziland
United Arab Emirates
Jordan
Colombia
Tunisia
Panama
Italy
Kenya
Seychelles
St. Kitts and Nevis
Lebanon
Marshall Islands
Bangladesh
Sri Lanka
Kyrgyz Republic
Turkey
FYR Macedonia
China
Ghana
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Russia
Ethiopia
Yemen
Azerbaijan
Nepal
Argentina
Zambia
Moldova
Vietnam
Costa Rica
Micronesia
Uganda
Nigeria
Greece
Malawi
Honduras
Paraguay
Gambia
Lesotho
Morocco
Algeria
Dominican Republic
Guatemala
58
56
57
82
70
78
60
72
95
61
64
75
65
63
66
74
67
68
73
76
77
79
69
80
83
85
87
86
81
89
104
84
94
108
102
91
97
96
101
100
90
93
92
88
98
99
105
103
109
111
106
107
110
118
116
117
123
114
128
2007 2006
rank rank
Economy
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
Iran
Albania
Brazil
Suriname
Ecuador
Croatia
Cape Verde
Philippines
West Bank and Gaza
Ukraine
Belarus
Syria
Bolivia
Gabon
Tajikistan
India
Indonesia
Guyana
Benin
Bhutan
Haiti
Mozambique
Cte d'Ivoire
Tanzania
Cambodia
Comoros
Iraq
Senegal
Uzbekistan
Mauritania
Madagascar
Equatorial Guinea
Togo
Cameroon
Zimbabwe
Sudan
Mali
Angola
Guinea
Rwanda
Lao PDR
Niger
Djibouti
Afghanistan
Burkina Faso
Venezuela
Egypt
Burundi
Central African Republic
Sierra Leone
So Tom and Principe
Eritrea
Congo, Rep.
Chad
Guinea-Bissau
Timor-Leste
Congo, Dem. Rep.
113
115
122
119
120
134
125
121
127
132
124
135
126
129
130
138
131
133
139
143
136
137
156
150
142
141
140
152
151
146
148
157
154
147
145
161
166
155
149
158
164
170
153
159
171
144
165
160
162
163
167
168
169
172
173
174
175
Note: The rankings for all economies are benchmarked to April 2006 and reported in the Country tables. Rankings on the ease of doing business are the average of the country rankings on the 10 topics covered in
Doing Business 2007. Last years rankings are presented in italics. These are adjusted for changes in the methodology, data corrections and the addition of 20 new economies. See the Data notes for details.
Source: Doing Business database.
OVER VIE W
FIGURE 1.4
2004
MAR
2006
JAN
2005
OCT
Registry moves
to new offices
Registry receives
ISO certification
One-stop shop
operational
Notes
1. Rodrik and Subramanian (2005).
2. Next years Doing Business will expand the scope of
indicators to cover the quality of business infrastructure
and possibly transparency in government procurement.
3. These targets were replaced with soft targets in the
following round of grants. An opportunity to inspire
further reforms was missed.
4. FIAS (2006a, 2006b).
155
Acknowledgments
Contact details for local partners are available
on the Doing Business website at
http://www.doingbusiness.org
0-8213-6488-X
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