Selected Veins of The Thorax - Listed Alphabetically: Vein Tributaries Drains Into Regions Drained Notes

Selected Veins of the Thorax - Listed Alphabetically
Vein
Tributaries
Drains Into
Regions Drained
Notes
accessory hemiazygos v.
left posterior intercostal vv. 4-7 azygos v.

or 8, left bronchial vv.,
esophageal vv.
mid levels of the left

posterolateral chest
wall
the azygos system is

variable, and levels drained
by the accessory hemiazygos
v. may vary
anterior cardiac v.
no named veins are tributary to right atrium

these vessels
anterior surface of the

right ventricle
anterior cardiac vv. cross the

superficial surface of the
right coronary a.
ascending lumbar v.
lumbar vv. 1-4
right: azygos v.; left:

hemiazygos v.
posterior abdominal
wall
ascending lumbar v. connects

adjacent lumbar vv.
azygos v.
formed by the union of the

ascending lumbar v. and the
subcostal v.; tributaries:
posterior intercostal vv. 11-2
(right superior intercostal),
hemiazygos v., accessory
hemiazygos v., esophageal v.,
right bronchial v.
posterior surface of the

superior vena cava
lateral and posterior

walls of the abdomen
and chest; esophagus;
bronchial tree
may connect with the inferior

vena cava; arch of azygos
passes superior to the root of
the lung
brachiocephalic v.

subclavian v. and the internal
jugular v.; tributaries: vertebral
v., thymic v., inferior thyroid v.,
internal thoracic v., 1st
posterior intercostal v., left
superior intercostal v. (to the
left brachiocephalic v.)
the left and right

head; neck; upper limb;
brachiocephalic vv. unite anterior chest wall
to form the superior vena
cava
at its origin, the left

brachiocephalic v. receives
the thoracic duct; at its
origin, the right
the right lymphatic duct
cardiac, anterior
no named veins are tributary to right atrium

these vessels
anterior surface of the

right ventricle
anterior cardiac vv. cross the

superficial surface of the
right coronary a.
cardiac, great
ventricular vv.
unites with the oblique v. region of the heart near great cardiac v. is the longest
of the left atrium to form the anterior
of the cardiac vv.; it
the coronary sinus
interventricular sulcus accompanies the anterior
interventricular a.
cardiac, middle
ventricular vv.
coronary sinus
cardiac, small
no named veins are tributary to coronary sinus

this vessel
region of the heart near small cardiac v. courses

the inferior vena cava through the coronary sulcus
and right coronary
with the right coronary a.
sulcus
cardiac, smallest
no named veins are tributary to drain directly into the

these small vessels
heart chambers,
particularly the atria
myocardium
also known as: Thebesian

vv.; least cardiac vv.; venae
cordis minimae
coronary sinus

right atrium
great cardiac v. and the oblique
v. of the left atrium; tributaries:
middle cardiac v., small cardiac
v.
heart, except the region

drained by the anterior
cardiac vv. and the
smallest cardiac vv.
coronary sinus is located in

the coronary
(atrioventricular) sulcus; its
opening into the right atrium
is guarded by an imperfect
valve
esophageal v.
tributaries are unnamed
azygos v.; hemiazygos v. esophagus
great cardiac v.
ventricular vv.
unites with the oblique v. region of the heart near great cardiac v. is the longest
region of the heart near middle cardiac v.

the posterior
accompanies the posterior
interventricular sulcus interventricular a.
esophageal vv. connect with

the esophageal brs. of the left
gastric, forming a potential
portal-caval venous
anastomosis (esophageal
varices when enlarged)
of the left atrium to form the anterior

the coronary sinus
interventricular sulcus
of the cardiac vv.; it

accompanies the anterior
interventricular a.
hemiazygos v.
formed by the joining of the left azygos v.

ascending lumbar v. and the left
subcostal v.; tributaries: left
posterior intercostal vv. 8 or 911; esophageal vv.
inferior levels of the

left posterolateral chest variable, and levels drained
wall
by the hemiazygos v. may
vary
hemiazygos, accessory
left posterior intercostal vv. 4-7 azygos v.

or 8, left bronchial vv.,
esophageal vv.
mid levels of the left

posterolateral chest
wall

variable, and levels drained
by the accessory hemiazygos
v. may vary
intercostal, posterior
lateral cutaneous br.
intercostal space
including skin, muscles
and adjacent ribs; the
spinal cord at that
segmental level and the
corresponding vertebra
the difference in termination

of the intercostal vv. of the
left and right sides is
explained by the embryonic
origin of the azygos system
from the (originally
symmetrical) supracardinal
vv.
intercostal, superior
2nd-4th posterior intercostal vv. right: arch of the azygos

v.; left: left
brachiocephalic v,
intercostal spaces 2-4
superior intercostal v.
develops from the cephalic
end of the supracardinal v. in
the embryo
lumbar, ascending
lumbar vv. 1-4

hemiazygos v.
posterior abdominal
wall
ascending lumbar v. connects

adjacent lumbar vv.
middle cardiac v.
ventricular vv.
coronary sinus
region of the heart near middle cardiac v.

the posterior
accompanies the posterior
interventricular sulcus interventricular a.
coronary sinus
left auricle and a small oblique v. of the left atrium
oblique v. of the left atrium no named tributaries
1st: brachiocephalic v.;

2nd-4th: superior
intercostal v.; right 5th11th: azygos v.; left 5th7th or 8th: accessory
hemiazygos v.; left 9th11th: hemiazygos v.
portion of the left

atrium
is the remnant of the

embryonic left superior vena
cava, the proximal portion of
which forms the coronary
sinus
posterior intercostal v.

2nd-4th: superior
intercostal v.; right 5th11th: azygos v.; left 5th7th or 8th: accessory
intercostal space
including skin, muscles
and adjacent ribs; the
spinal cord at that
segmental level and the
corresponding vertebra
the difference in termination

of the intercostal vv. of the
left and right sides is
explained by the embryonic
origin of the azygos system
from the (originally
symmetrical) supracardinal
vv.
pulmonary v.
lobar vv.
left atrium
lungs
there are usually two

pulmonary vv. per side,
(superior and inferior)
2nd-4th posterior intercostal vv. right: arch of the azygos

v.; left: left
brachiocephalic v,
intercostal spaces 2-4
develops from the cephalic
end of the supracardinal v. in
the embryo
superior vena cava

paired brachiocephalic vv.;
tributary: azygos arch
right atrium
all of the body above

the level of the
diaphragm except for
those regions drained
by the pulmonary vv.
and coronary vv.
superior vena cava is formed

posterior to the first costal
cartilage on the right side
thoracoepigastric v.
numerous vv. of the superficial

fascia
lateral thoracic v.
skin and superficial

thoracoepigastric v. connects
fascia of the
the superficial circumflex
anterolateral body wall iliac v. and the superficial
epigastric v. - it can serve as
collateral drainage when the
inferior vena cava is blocked

vena cava, inferior

right atrium
paired common iliac vv;
tributaries: lumbar vv. 1-4, right
ovarian/testicular v., renal vv.,
right suprarenal v., right inferior
phrenic v., hepatic vv.
all of the body below

the level of the
respiratory diaphragm
the inferior vena cava is

longer than the abdominal
aorta
vena cava, superior

all of the body above

the level of the
diaphragm except for
those regions drained
by the pulmonary vv.
and coronary vv.

right atrium
Selected Veins of the Abdomen - Listed Alphabetically

Vein
Tributaries
Drains Into
Regions Drained
Notes
anterior inferior
pancreaticoduodenal v.
numerous unnamed tributaries inferior

from the duodenum and
pancreas
anterior part of the

head of the
pancreas; anterior
aspect of the 1st and
2nd parts of the
duodenum
anterior inferior
connects with the anterior
superior pancreaticoduodenal v
anterior superior
numerous unnamed tributaries right gastro-omental v.
anterior superior

pancreas
head of the
pancreas; anterior
aspect of the 1st and inferior pancreaticoduodenal v
2nd parts of the
duodenum
ascending lumbar v.
lumbar vv. 1-4

hemiazygos v.
posterior abdominal ascending lumbar v. connects

wall
adjacent lumbar vv.
azygos v.

ascending lumbar v. and the
subcostal v.; tributaries:
posterior intercostal vv. 11-2
(right superior intercostal),
hemiazygos v., accessory
hemiazygos v., esophageal v.,
right bronchial v.
posterior surface of the

superior vena cava
lateral and posterior

walls of the
abdomen and chest;
esophagus;
bronchial tree
cystic v.
veins of the gall bladder and

common bile duct
directly into the liver at the

gall bladder
bed of the gall bladder
esophageal v.
azygos v.; hemiazygos v.
esophagus
esophageal vv. connect with the

esophageal brs. of the left
gastric, forming a potential
portal-caval venous
varices when enlarged)
gastric, left
esophageal vv.; gastric brs.
portal v.
lesser curvature of
the stomach, lower
part of the
esophagus
left gastric v. communicates

with the esophageal vv.,
forming a portal-caval venous
varices when enlarged); the left
gastric v. and right gastric v. are
together called the coronary v.
may connect with the inferior

vena cava; arch of azygos
passes superior to the root of
the lung
these multiple small vs. drain

the gall bladder and cystic duct
directly into the liver
because they form a circle

gastric, right
gastric brs.
portal v.
lesser curvature of
the stomach
the left gastric v. and right

gastric v. are together called the
coronary v. because they form a
circle
gastro-omental, left
gastric brs., omental brs.
splenic v.
greater curvature of also known as: left

the stomach and the gastroepiploic v.
greater omentum
gastro-omental, right
superior mesenteric v.
greater curvature of also known as: right

greater omentum
hepatic, left
segmental vv.
inferior vena cava
entire lateral
segment of the left
lobe of the liver;
superior portion of
the medial segment
of the left lobe of
the liver
the lumen of the left hepatic v.

is clearly visible within the
portion of the inferior vena cave
that passes through the liver
hepatic, middle
segmental vv.
inferior vena cava
inferior portion of
the medial segment
of the left lobe of
the liver; inferior
part of the anterior
segment of the right
lobe of the liver
the lumen of the middle hepatic

v. is clearly visible within the
hepatic, right
segmental vv.
inferior vena cava
superior portion of
the anterior segment
of the right lobe of
the liver; entire
posterior segment of
the lumen of the right hepatic v.

the liver
inferior mesenteric v.
superior rectal v., sigmoid v.,

left colic v.
splenic v. (or the junction

of the splenic v. and
superior mesenteric v.)
gut from the left

colic flexure distally
(hindgut
derivatives)
when the inferior mesenteric

v.joins the splenic v., it courses
lateral to the 4th part of the
duodenum
inferior
anterior inferior and posterior

inferior pancreaticoduodenal
vv.
lower part of
duodenum & head
of pancreas
connects with anterior &

posterior superior
pancreaticoduodenal vv.
inferior phrenic v.
unnamed tributaries from the

right: inferior vena cava;

left: left suprarenal v. or
inferior vena cava
diaphragm
left inferior phrenic v. may be

paired
inferior vena cava

tributaries: lumbar vv. 1-4,
right ovarian/testicular v.,
renal vv., right suprarenal v.,
right inferior phrenic v.,
hepatic vv.
right atrium
all of the body

below the level of
the respiratory
diaphragm
the inferior vena cava is longer

than the abdominal aorta
intercostal, posterior

2nd-4th: superior
intercostal v.; right 5th11th: azygos v.; left 5th-7th
or 8th: accessory
intercostal space
including skin,
muscles and
adjacent ribs; the
spinal cord at that
segmental level and
the corresponding
vertebra
the difference in termination of

the intercostal vv. of the left and
right sides is explained by the
embryonic origin of the azygos
system from the (originally
symmetrical) supracardinal vv.
left gastric v.
esophageal vv.; gastric brs.
portal v.
lesser curvature of
the stomach, lower
part of the
esophagus
left gastric v. communicates

with the esophageal vv.,
forming a portal-caval venous
varices when enlarged); the left

gastric v. and right gastric v. are
together called the coronary v.
because they form a circle
left gastro-omental v.
splenic v.
greater curvature of also known as: left

greater omentum
left hepatic v.
segmental vv.
inferior vena cava
entire lateral
segment of the left
lobe of the liver;
superior portion of
the medial segment
of the left lobe of
the liver
the lumen of the left hepatic v.

left renal v.
left ovarian/testicular v., left

suprarenal v., sometime the
left inferior phrenic v.
inferior vena cava
left ovary/testis; left

ureter; left kidney;
left suprarenal
gland; left part of
the respiratory
diaphragm
left renal v. crosses the

abdominal aorta under the
origin of the superior
mesenteric a., creating a site of
potential compression of the left
renal vein
lumbar, ascending
lumbar vv. 1-4

hemiazygos v.
posterior abdominal ascending lumbar v. connects

wall
adjacent lumbar vv.
mesenteric, inferior
superior rectal v., sigmoid v.,

left colic v.
splenic v. (or the junction

of the splenic v. and
superior mesenteric v.)
gut from the left

colic flexure distally
(hindgut
derivatives)
when the inferior mesenteric

v.joins the splenic v., it courses
lateral to the 4th part of the
duodenum
middle hepatic v.
segmental vv.
inferior vena cava
inferior portion of
the medial segment
of the left lobe of
the liver; inferior
the lumen of the middle hepatic

v. is clearly visible within the
part of the anterior

segment of the right
lobe of the liver
pancreaticoduodenal,
anterior inferior

pancreas

head of the
pancreas; anterior
2nd parts of the
duodenum
anterior inferior
anterior superior
numerous unnamed tributaries right gastro-omental v.

pancreas

head of the
pancreas; anterior
2nd parts of the
duodenum
anterior superior
inferior pancreaticoduodenal v
inferior
anterior inferior and posterior

vv.
lower part of
duodenum & head
of pancreas
connects with anterior &

posterior superior
pancreaticoduodenal vv.
posterior inferior

pancreas
posterior part of the

head of the
pancreas; posterior
2nd parts of the
duodenum
posterior inferior
connects with the posterior
posterior superior
numerous unnamed tributaries portal v.

pancreas

head of the
pancreas; posterior
2nd parts of the
duodenum
posterior superior
inferior pancreaticoduodenal v.
paraumbilical v.

superficial fascia of the
anterior abdominal wall
umbilical part of left branch falciform ligament,

of portal vein
round ligament of
the liver
paraumbilical v. represents a
potential site of portal-caval
anastomosis; blood may pass
retrogradely into the anterior
body wall veins near the
umbilicus, creating caput
medusa clinical sign
phrenic, inferior

right: inferior vena cava;

left: left suprarenal v. or
inferior vena cava
left inferior phrenic v. may be

paired
plexus, rectal venous
no named tributaries
superior, middle & inferior rectum and anal

rectal vv.
canal; anus
portal v.

superior mesenteric v. and the
splenic v.; tributaries: posterior
superior pancreaticoduodenal
v., right gastric v., left gastric
v.
divides into right and left

branches before entering
the liver; into the liver
sinusoids
posterior inferior

pancreas

head of the
pancreas; posterior
2nd parts of the
duodenum
posterior inferior
posterior intercostal v.
intercostal space
including skin,
muscles and
adjacent ribs; the
spinal cord at that
segmental level and
the corresponding
the difference in termination of

the intercostal vv. of the left and
right sides is explained by the
embryonic origin of the azygos
system from the (originally
symmetrical) supracardinal vv.

2nd-4th: superior
intercostal v.; right 5th11th: azygos v.; left 5th-7th
or 8th: accessory
diaphragm
rectal venous plexus is a site of

portal-caval anastomosis
all of the gut and its portal v. connects with the vena
glands
caval drainage at 1) esophagus,
2) rectum, 3) umbilicus, 4)
retroperitoneal gut structures;
portal v. courses between two
capillary beds (gut and liver)
vertebra
posterior superior
numerous unnamed tributaries portal v.

pancreas

head of the
pancreas; posterior
2nd parts of the
duodenum
posterior superior
inferior pancreaticoduodenal v.
rectal venous plexus
superior, middle & inferior rectum and anal

rectal vv.
canal; anus

renal, left
left ovarian/testicular v., left

suprarenal v., sometime the
left inferior phrenic v.
inferior vena cava
left ovary/testis; left

ureter; left kidney;
left suprarenal
gland; left part of
the respiratory
diaphragm
left renal v. crosses the

abdominal aorta under the
origin of the superior
mesenteric a., creating a site of
potential compression of the left
renal vein
renal, right
multiple tributaries exit the

kidney
inferior vena cava
right kidney
right renal v. is shorter than the

left renal v.
right gastric v.
gastric brs.
portal v.
lesser curvature of
the stomach
the left gastric v. and right

gastric v. are together called the
coronary v. because they form a
circle
right gastro-omental v.
greater curvature of also known as: right

greater omentum
right hepatic v.
segmental vv.
inferior vena cava
superior portion of
the anterior segment
of the right lobe of
the liver; entire
posterior segment of
the liver
the lumen of the right hepatic v.

right renal v.
multiple tributaries exit the

kidney
inferior vena cava
right kidney
right renal v. is shorter than the

left renal v.
splenic v.
proper splenic vv.
portal v.
spleen
multiple proper splenic vv.

emerge from the hilum of the
spleen and join to form the
splenic v.
ileocolic v., intestinal vv., right portal v.

colic v., middle colic v.,
v., right gastro-epiploic v.
gut from the

superior mesenteric v. joins the
duodenum to the left splenic v. to form the portal v.
colic flexure
(midgut derivatives)
suprarenal v.
left: left renal v.; right:

inferior vena cava
suprarenal gland
left suprarenal v. is usually

joined by the left inferior
phrenic v.; also known as:
central v. of the suprarenal
testicular v.
pampiniform plexus
left: left renal v.; right:

inferior vena cava
testis, ureter
left testicular v. is longer than

the right testicular v.
thoracoepigastric v.
numerous vv. of the superficial lateral thoracic v.

fascia
skin and superficial

fascia of the
anterolateral body
wall
thoracoepigastric v. connects
the superficial circumflex iliac
v. and the superficial epigastric
v. - it can serve as collateral
drainage when the inferior vena
cava is blocked
vena cava, inferior

tributaries: lumbar vv. 1-4,
right ovarian/testicular v.,
renal vv., right suprarenal v.,
right inferior phrenic v.,
hepatic vv.
right atrium
all of the body

below the level of
the respiratory
diaphragm

than the abdominal aorta
vena cava, superior
right atrium
all of the body

above the level of

the diaphragm
except for those
regions drained by
the pulmonary vv.
and coronary vv.

Selected Veins of the Pelvis and Perineum - Listed Alphabetically

Vein
Tributaries
Drains Into
Regions Drained
Notes
deep dorsal v. of the clitoris
many unnamed tributaries
vesical venous
plexus
erectile tissue of
the clitoris

passes anterosuperior to the
urogenital diaphragm (between
the arcuate pubic ligament and
the transverse ligament of the
perineum) to enter the pelvic
cavity; an unpaired vein
deep dorsal v. of the penis
prostatic venous
plexus
erectile tissue of
the penis
deep dorsal v. of the penis passes

anterosuperior to the urogenital
diaphragm (between the arcuate
pubic ligament and the transverse
ligament of the perineum) to enter
the pelvic cavity; an unpaired
vein
deep external pudendal v.
part of the drainage of the
femoral
skin and
deep external pudendal v. shares
superficial dorsal v. of the

penis/clitoris
superficial fascia
of the
penis/clitoris;
pubic region
its region of drainage with the

superficial external pudendal v.
internal pudendal v.
deep dorsal v. of the penis/clitoris,

v. of the bulb, posterior
labial/scrotal v., inferior rectal v.
internal iliac
crus and bulb of

the clitoris/penis;
urogenital region,
anal region
internal pudendal v. passes

through the pudendal canal
of clitoris, deep dorsal
vesical venous
plexus
erectile tissue of
the clitoris

passes anterosuperior to the
urogenital diaphragm (between
the arcuate pubic ligament and
the transverse ligament of the
perineum) to enter the pelvic
cavity; an unpaired vein
of clitoris, superficial dorsal
superficial
skin and
external pudendal superficial fascia
v.
of the clitoris
superficial dorsal v. of the clitoris

is located superficial to the deep
fascia of the clitoris
of penis, deep dorsal
prostatic venous
plexus
erectile tissue of
the penis
deep dorsal v. of the penis passes

anterosuperior to the urogenital
diaphragm (between the arcuate
pubic ligament and the transverse
ligament of the perineum) to enter
the pelvic cavity; an unpaired
vein
of penis, superficial dorsal
superficial
skin and
v.
of the penis
superficial dorsal v. of the penis is

located superficial to the deep
fascia of the penis
ovarian v.
right: inferior
vena cava; left:
connects with the uterine v.; a

pampiniform plexus occurs, but is
ovary and the

distal part of the
left renal v.
uterine tube;
ureter
not as well developed as that seen

in the male
pampiniform venous plexus
becomes the
testis, epididymis,
testicular vein at ductus deferens
the deep inguinal
ring

surrounds the testicular a. to cool
arterial blood before it reaches the
testis
plexus, pampiniform venous
becomes the
testis, epididymis,
testicular vein at ductus deferens
the deep inguinal
ring

surrounds the testicular a. to cool
arterial blood before it reaches the
testis
plexus, prostatic venous
internal iliac v.
penis and the

prostate gland
prostatic venous plexus is

connected with the vesical venous
plexus
plexus, rectal venous
superior, middle
& inferior rectal
vv.
rectum and anal

canal; anus

plexus, uterine venous
multiple tributaries from the uterus; uterine vv. to the

internal iliac v.
uterus & uterine

tubes
connects with the ovarian v. and

the vaginal venous plexus
plexus, vaginal venous
multiple tributaries from the vagina vaginal v. to the vagina

internal iliac v. or
uterine v.
connects with the uterine venous

plexus, the vesical venous plexus
and the rectal venous plexus
plexus, vertebral venous,

external
intervertebral vv.
adjacent
vertebral column
segmental vv.;
and associated
vertebral v. in the muscles
cervical region
two plexuses are described:

anterior and posterior; connects
with the internal vertebral venous
plexus

internal
anterior and posterior longitudinal

vertebral sinuses
adjacent
segmental vv.
connects with the external

vertebral venous plexuses;
valveless; a route for potential
spread of metastases from the
spinal cord,
meninges,
vertebral column
pelvis to the brain

plexus, vesical venous
multiple tributaries from the

bladder in both sexes
superior and
urinary bladder
inferior vesical
vv. to the internal
iliac v.
in the male - connects with the

prostatic venous plexus and the
rectal venous plexus; in the
female - connects with the rectal
venous plexus, uterine venous
plexus and vaginal venous plexus
portal v.
formed by the union of the superior

mesenteric v. and the splenic v.;
tributaries: posterior superior
pancreaticoduodenal v., right
gastric v., left gastric v.
divides into right all of the gut and

and left branches its glands
before entering
the liver; into the
liver sinusoids
portal v. connects with the vena

caval drainage at 1) esophagus, 2)
rectum, 3) umbilicus, 4)
retroperitoneal gut structures;
portal v. courses between two
capillary beds (gut and liver)
prostatic venous plexus
internal iliac v.
penis and the

prostate gland
prostatic venous plexus is

connected with the vesical venous
plexus
pudendal, deep external

penis/clitoris
femoral
skin and
superficial fascia
of the
penis/clitoris;
pubic region
deep external pudendal v. shares

its region of drainage with the
pudendal, internal
deep dorsal v. of the penis/clitoris,

v. of the bulb, posterior
labial/scrotal v., inferior rectal v.
internal iliac
crus and bulb of

the clitoris/penis;
urogenital region,
anal region
internal pudendal v. passes

through the pudendal canal
pudendal, superficial external

penis/clitoris
great saphenous
skin and
superficial fascia
of the
penis/clitoris;
pubic region

shares its region of drainage with
the deep external pudendal v.
rectal venous plexus
superior, middle
& inferior rectal
vv.

clitoris
superficial
skin and
v.
of the clitoris
superficial dorsal v. of the clitoris

is located superficial to the deep
fascia of the clitoris

penis
superficial
skin and
v.
of the penis
superficial dorsal v. of the penis is

located superficial to the deep
fascia of the penis
superficial external pudendal v. part of the drainage of the

penis/clitoris
great saphenous
skin and
superficial fascia
of the
penis/clitoris;
pubic region

shares its region of drainage with
the deep external pudendal v.
testicular v.
pampiniform plexus
left: left renal v.;

right: inferior
vena cava
testis, ureter
left testicular v. is longer than the

right testicular v.
uterine venous plexus
multiple tributaries from the uterus; uterine vv. to the

internal iliac v.
uterus & uterine

tubes
connects with the ovarian v. and

the vaginal venous plexus
vaginal venous plexus
multiple tributaries from the vagina vaginal v. to the vagina

internal iliac v. or
uterine v.
vena cava, inferior
formed by the union of the paired

right atrium
common iliac vv; tributaries:
lumbar vv. 1-4, right
ovarian/testicular v., renal vv., right
suprarenal v., right inferior phrenic
v., hepatic vv.
all of the body

below the level of than the abdominal aorta
the respiratory
diaphragm
vertebral venous plexus,
intervertebral vv.
vertebral column
adjacent
rectum and anal

canal; anus

connects with the uterine venous

plexus, the vesical venous plexus
and the rectal venous plexus
two plexuses are described:
external
segmental vv.;
and associated
vertebral v. in the muscles
cervical region
anterior and posterior; connects

with the internal vertebral venous
plexus
connects with the external
vertebral venous plexuses;
valveless; a route for potential
spread of metastases from the
pelvis to the brain

internal
anterior and posterior longitudinal

vertebral sinuses
adjacent
segmental vv.
spinal cord,
meninges,
vertebral column
vesical venous plexus
multiple tributaries from the

bladder in both sexes
superior and
urinary bladder
inferior vesical
vv. to the internal
iliac v.
in the male - connects with the

prostatic venous plexus and the
rectal venous plexus; in the
female - connects with the rectal
venous plexus, uterine venous
plexus and vaginal venous plexus
Selected Veins of the Upper Limb - Listed Alphabetically

Vein
Tributaries
Drains Into
Regions Drained
Notes
antebrachial, median
superficial veins of the palm and

anterior forearm
median cubital v. or
basilic v.
palm; anterior
forearm
median antecubital v. is
variable in size - it may be
large or absent
basilic v.
medial end of the dorsal venous arch

of the hand; superficial veins of the
forearm; median cubital v.
it unites with the

brachial vein(s) to
form the axillary v.
superficial parts
of the medial side
of the hand and
medial side of the
forearm
basilic v. communicates with

deep veins of the forearm
through perforating veins,
especially in the cubital
region
brachiocephalic v.
formed by the union of the subclavian

v. and the internal jugular v.;
tributaries: vertebral v., thymic v.,
inferior thyroid v., internal thoracic v.,
1st posterior intercostal v., left
superior intercostal v. (to the left
brachiocephalic v.)
the left and right

brachiocephalic vv.
unite to form the
superior vena cava
head; neck; upper at its origin, the left

limb; anterior
chest wall
the thoracic duct; at its
origin, the right
the right lymphatic duct
cephalic v.
lateral side of the dorsal venous arch

of the hand; superficial veins of the
forearm
axillary vein
superficial parts
of the lateral
hand and lateral
forearm
dorsal metacarpal v. of the

hand
dorsal digital vv.
dorsal venous arch of dorsal aspects of

the hand
the digits of the
hand
dorsal metacarpal v. drains

the adjacent sides of two
digits
dorsal venous arch of the hand dorsal digital vv. and dorsal
metacarpal vv.
cephalic v. laterally,
basilic v. medially
dorsum of the
digits and the
superficial
structures of the
dorsum ot the
hand
dorsal venous arch is visible

through the thin skin on the
dorsum of the hand
median antebrachial v.
superficial veins of the palm and

anterior forearm
median cubital v. or
basilic v.
palm; anterior
forearm
median antecubital v. is
variable in size - it may be
large or absent
median cubital v.
cephalic
basilic
superficial part of a median antebrachial vein

the hand and
occurs occasionally and,
forearm
when present, it may drain
into the median cubital vein
median cubital vein usually

shunts some of the blood
collected by the cephalic v.
to the basilic v.
Selected Veins of the Lower Limb - Listed Alphabetically

Vein
Tributaries
Drains Into
Regions Drained
Notes
dorsal metatarsal v. of the foot
dorsal digital vv.
dorsal venous
arch of the foot
dorsal aspects of the digits of dorsal metatarsal v.

the foot
drains the adjacent
sides of two digits
dorsal venous arch of the foot
dorsal digital vv. and dorsal

metatarsal vv.
great saphenous dorsum of the digits and the

v. medially,
superficial structures of the
small saphenous dorsum of the foot
v. laterally
greater saphenous v.
medial end of dorsal venous arch of

femoral v.
foot, perforating communications
with deep veins, superficial epigastric
v., superficial circumflex iliac v.,
skin and superficial fascia of

the medial side of the foot
and leg; skin and superficial
fascia of most of the thigh;
lower abdominal wall;
perineal region
lesser saphenous v.
lateral end of the dorsal venous arch

of foot
popliteal v.
skin and superficial fascia of passes deeply into

the lateral side of the foot and the popliteal fossa
leg
metatarsal, dorsal of the foot
dorsal digital vv.
dorsal venous
arch of the foot
dorsal aspects of the digits of dorsal metatarsal v.

the foot
drains the adjacent
sides of two digits
Selected Veins of the Head and Neck - Listed Alphabetically
dorsal venous arch

is visible through
the thin skin on the
dorsum of the foot
greater saphenous v.
is frequently used as
graft material in
coronary bypass
surgery
Vein
Tributaries
Drains Into
Regions
Drained
Notes
angular v.
supraorbital v., supratrochlear v.
facial vein at the

inferior margin of
the orbit
forehead; upper
eyelid; root of
the nose
angular v. is valveless; it connects

with the superior and inferior
ophthalmic vv. and can be a source
of superficial infectious materials
entering the cavernous sinus by this
route
anterior jugular v.
submental v, communicating v.
external jugular v.
superficial parts
of the anterior
neck
anterior jugular v. is valveless
auricular, posterior
small veins of the subcutaneous

tissues behind the ear,
stylomastoid v.
it unites with the

region behind the posterior auricular v. communicates
posterior division of ear
with the occipital v. behind the ear
the retromandibular
v. to form the
external jugular
basilar venous plexus
superior and inferior petrosal

sinuses
internal vertebral
venous plexus
cavernous sinus
brachiocephalic v.

subclavian v. and the internal
jugular v.; tributaries: vertebral v.,
thymic v., inferior thyroid v.,
internal thoracic v., 1st posterior
intercostal v., left superior
intercostal v. (to the left
the left and right

brachiocephalic vv.
unite to form the
superior vena cava
head; neck; upper at its origin, the left brachiocephalic

limb; anterior
v. receives the thoracic duct; at its
chest wall
origin, the right brachiocephalic v.
receives the right lymphatic duct
basilar venous plexus is variable; it

communicates connects with other
small intracranial sinuses that are
located nearby
brachiocephalic v.)
cavernous sinus
superior ophthalmic v., cerebral

vv., sphenoparietal sinus
cerebral, great
superior petrosal
sinus, inferior
petrosal sinus
orbit, brain
cavernous sinus lies between the

cranial and meningeal layers of the
dura mater beside the body of the
sphenoid bone; cranial nn. III, IV
and V1 are in its lateral wall; the
internal carotid a. and cranial n. VI
are in its lumen
formed by the union of the paired straight sinus

internal cerebral vv.
deep portions of
the cerebrum
great cerebral v. is a very short vessel
cerebral, inferior
cavernous sinus,
transverse sinus,
superior petrosal
sinus
inferior aspect of inferior cerebral vv. are numerous

the cerebral
hemispheres
cerebral, superior
superior sagittal
sinus
superior aspect of superior cerebral vv. bleed into the

the cerebral
subdural space when injured,
hemispheres
resulting in a subdural hematoma;
also known as: bridging vv.
common facial

anterior division of the
retromandibular v. and the facial
v.
internal jugular v.
face and anterior common facial v. may receive

scalp
drainage from the lingual v.
confluens of sinuses
formed by the joining of the

superior sagittal sinus, straight
sinus and occipital sinus
transverse sinuses
all parts of the

brain
confluens of sinuses lies on the inner

surface of the occipital bone; it is
between the layers of dura at the
junction of the falx cerebri and
tentorium cerebelli
deep facial v.
facial v.
pterygoid venous
plexus
face
deep facial v. is valveless
diploic vv.
multiple veins draining the diploe meningeal vv.; dural bones of the
of the skull: frontal diploic,
venous sinuses;
cranial vault
anterior temporal diploic,
veins of the scalp
posterior temporal diploic,
occipital diploic
diploic vv. connect the venous

system of the scalp with the dural
sinuses and meningeal vv.
emissary vv.
veins of the scalp
emissary vv. are valveless and can

carry blood from superficial to deep
or in the reverse direction depending
on blood pressure; may carry
superficial infectious materials into
the dural venous sinuses; there are 4
named emissary vv.: parietal,
mastoid, occipital and condyloid;
superior ophthalmic v. also acts as an
emissary v.
external jugular v.

subclavian v.
retromandibular and posterior
auricular vv.; tributaries: posterior
external jugular v., transverse
cervical v., suprascapular v.,
anterior jugular v.
head & neck,

shoulder
external jugular v. contains valves

that may not be fully functional
facial, deep
facial v.
pterygoid venous
plexus
face
deep facial v. is valveless
facial, common

anterior division of the
retromandibular v. and the facial
v.
internal jugular v.
face and anterior common facial v. may receive

scalp
drainage from the lingual v.
inferior ophthalmic v.
ciliary vv., veins from the

superior ophthalmic
muscles of the inferior part of the v.
orbit
veins of the scalp;

scalp
dural venous sinuses
inferior portion
of the orbit
valveless; inferior ophthalmic v.

connects with the pterygoid plexus
through the inferior orbital fissure
inferior petrosal sinus
cavernous sinus
sigmoid sinus, at its

distal end
inferior sagittal sinus
unnamed tributaries from the falx unites with the great medial surfaces
cerebri and cerebral hemispheres cerebral v. to form
fo the cerebral
the straight sinus
hemispheres
inferior thyroid v.
numerous tributaries from the

thyroid gland, esophageal v,
tracheal v., inferior laryngeal v.
left and right

brachiocephalic vv.
inferior part of
inferior thyroid vv. descend on the
the thyroid gland anterior surface of the trachea
internal jugular v.
formed at the base of the skull

where the sigmoid sinus ends;
tributaries: pharyngeal vv.;
lingual v., common facial v.,
sternocleidomastoid v., superior
thyroid v, middle thyroid v.
brachiocephalic v.
brain, cranial
cavity, skull,
face, viscera of
the neck
internal jugular is the largest vein of

the nead and neck
jugular, anterior
submental v, communicating v.
external jugular v.
superficial parts
of the anterior
neck
anterior jugular v. is valveless
jugular, external

subclavian v.
retromandibular and posterior
auricular vv.; tributaries: posterior
external jugular v., transverse
cervical v., suprascapular v.,
anterior jugular v.
head & neck,

shoulder
external jugular v. contains valves

that may not be fully functional
jugular, internal
formed at the base of the skull

where the sigmoid sinus ends;
tributaries: pharyngeal vv.;
lingual v., common facial v.,
brain, cranial
cavity, skull,
face, viscera of
the neck
internal jugular is the largest vein of

the nead and neck
brachiocephalic v.
all regions
drained by the
cavernous sinus,
including the
orbit and brain
inferior petrosal sinus lies within the

dura mater along the inferior portion
of the petrous part of the temporal
bone
inferior sagittal sinus is directly
superior to the corpus callosum in
the free margin of falx cerebri

thyroid v, middle thyroid v.
jugular, posterior external
unnamed veins of the occipital

region and superior neck
external jugular v.
superficial parts
of the posterior
head and neck
posterior external jugular v. may join

the external jugular v. at a variable
level
middle thyroid v.

thyroid gland
internal jugular v.
lateral aspect of middle thyroid v. crosses superficial

the thyroid gland to the common carotid a.
occipital sinus
confluens of sinuses cerebellum
ophthalmic, inferior
ciliary vv., veins from the

superior ophthalmic
muscles of the inferior part of the v.
orbit
inferior portion
of the orbit
ophthalmic, superior
nasofrontal v., anterior ethmoidal cavernous sinus

v., posterior ethmoidal v., ciliary
vv., central retinal v., lacrimal v.,
eyeball, superior valveless; superior ophthalmic v.

portion of the
communicates with the angular v.
orbit, ethmoidal
air cells,
forehead
petrosal sinus, inferior
cavernous sinus

distal end
all regions
drained by the
cavernous sinus,
including the
orbit and brain

bone
petrosal sinus, superior
cavernous sinus

proximal end
all regions
drained by the
cavernous sinus,
including the
orbit and brain
superior petrosal sinus lies on the

petrous ridge within the dura mater
at the line of attachment of the
tentorium cerebelli
pharyngeal venous plexus
unnamed tributaries that drain the internal jugular

pharyngeal wall
pharynx
connects with the pterygoid venous

plexus
lies within the dura mater at the base

of the falx cerebelli
valveless; inferior ophthalmic v.
connects with the pterygoid plexus
through the inferior orbital fissure
plexus, basilar venous
superior and inferior petrosal

sinuses
plexus, pharyngeal venous
internal vertebral
venous plexus
cavernous sinus
basilar venous plexus is variable; it

communicates connects with other
small intracranial sinuses that are
located nearby
unnamed tributaries that drain the internal jugular

pharyngeal wall
pharynx
connects with the pterygoid venous

plexus
plexus, pterygoid venous
descending palatine v.,

sphenopalatine v., infraorbital v.,
posterior superior alveolar v.,
anterior deep temporal v.,
posterior deep temporal v.,
middle meningeal v., masseteric
v., inferior alveolar v.
maxillary v.
meninges, nasal
cavity,
infratemporal
fossa
valveless; the pterygoid plexus is

connected with the cavernous sinus
and the pharyngeal venous plexus

external
intervertebral vv.
adjacent segmental
vv.; vertebral v. in
the cervical region
vertebral column two plexuses are described: anterior

and associated
and posterior; connects with the
muscles
internal vertebral venous plexus

internal
anterior and posterior longitudinal adjacent segmental

vertebral sinuses
vv.
spinal cord,
connects with the external vertebral
meninges,
venous plexuses; valveless; a route
vertebral column for potential spread of metastases
from the pelvis to the brain
posterior auricular v.
small veins of the subcutaneous

tissues behind the ear,
stylomastoid v.
it unites with the

region behind the posterior auricular v. communicates
posterior division of ear
with the occipital v. behind the ear
the retromandibular
v. to form the
external jugular
posterior external jugular v. unnamed veins of the occipital

region and superior neck
external jugular v.
retromandibular v.
anterior and
side of the head
posterior divisions of and scalp; deep

superficial temporal v. and
superficial parts
of the posterior
head and neck
posterior external jugular v. may join

the external jugular v. at a variable
level
retromandibular v. is contained
within the parotid gland; anterior
maxillary v.
the retromandibular
v.
face
division unites with the facial v. to

form the common facial v.; posterior
division unites with the posterior
auricular v. to form the external
jugular v.
sigmoid sinus
transverse sinus, superior petrosal internal jugular v.

sinus
brain; meninges
sigmoid sinus lies within the sigmoid

groove covered by dura mater
sinus, cavernous
superior ophthalmic v., cerebral

vv., sphenoparietal sinus
superior petrosal
sinus, inferior
petrosal sinus
orbit, brain
cavernous sinus lies between the

cranial and meningeal layers of the
dura mater beside the body of the
sphenoid bone; cranial nn. III, IV
and V1 are in its lateral wall; the
internal carotid a. and cranial n. VI
are in its lumen
sinus, inferior petrosal
cavernous sinus

distal end
all regions
drained by the
cavernous sinus,
including the
orbit and brain

bone
sinus, inferior sagittal
unnamed tributaries from the falx unites with the great medial surfaces
cerebri and cerebral hemispheres cerebral v. to form
fo the cerebral
the straight sinus
hemispheres
inferior sagittal sinus is directly

superior to the corpus callosum in
the free margin of falx cerebri
sinus, occipital
lies within the dura mater at the base

of the falx cerebelli
sinus, sigmoid
transverse sinus, superior petrosal internal jugular v.

sinus
sinus, straight
inferior sagittal sinus, great

cerebral vein, superior cerebellar
vv.
confluens of sinuses cerebellum

brain; meninges
sigmoid sinus lies within the sigmoid

groove covered by dura mater
confluens of sinuses deep parts of the

cerebrum,
cerebellum
straight sinus lies within the junction

of the falx cerebri and tentorium
cerebelli; also known as: sinus rectus
sinus, superior petrosal
cavernous sinus

proximal end
sinus, superior sagittal
v. of the foramen cecum; superior confluens of sinuses cerebral

cerebral vv.
hemispheres
superior sagittal sinus occupies the

superior part of the falx cerebri;
lateral lacunae receive grossly visible
arachnoid granulations
sinus, transverse
confluens of sinuses, inferior

cerebral vv.
sigmoid sinus
brain
lies within the line of attachment of

the tentorium cerebelli to the inner
surface of the calvaria
sinuses, confluens of

superior sagittal sinus, straight
sinus and occipital sinus
transverse sinuses
all parts of the

brain
confluens of sinuses lies on the inner

surface of the occipital bone; it is
between the layers of dura at the
junction of the falx cerebri and
tentorium cerebelli
straight sinus
inferior sagittal sinus, great

cerebral vein, superior cerebellar
vv.
confluens of sinuses deep parts of the

cerebrum,
cerebellum
superior ophthalmic v.
nasofrontal v., anterior ethmoidal cavernous sinus

v., posterior ethmoidal v., ciliary
vv., central retinal v., lacrimal v.,
eyeball, superior valveless; superior ophthalmic v.

portion of the
communicates with the angular v.
orbit, ethmoidal
air cells,
forehead
superior petrosal sinus
cavernous sinus
all regions
drained by the
cavernous sinus,
including the
orbit and brain

proximal end
all regions
drained by the
cavernous sinus,
including the
orbit and brain

tentorium cerebelli
straight sinus lies within the junction

of the falx cerebri and tentorium
cerebelli; also known as: sinus rectus

tentorium cerebelli
superior sagittal sinus
v. of the foramen cecum; superior confluens of sinuses cerebral

cerebral vv.
hemispheres
superior sagittal sinus occupies the

superior part of the falx cerebri;
lateral lacunae receive grossly visible
arachnoid granulations
thyroid, inferior

thyroid gland, esophageal v,
tracheal v., inferior laryngeal v.
left and right

brachiocephalic vv.
inferior part of
inferior thyroid vv. descend on the
the thyroid gland anterior surface of the trachea
thyroid, middle

thyroid gland
internal jugular v.
lateral aspect of middle thyroid v. crosses superficial

the thyroid gland to the common carotid a.
thyroid, superior

laryngeal v., infrahyoid v.,
cricothyroid v.
internal jugular v.
superior portion
of the thyroid
gland and
surrounding
structures
thyroidea ima v.
formed by a high union of the

right and left inferior thyroid vv.
left brachiocephalic
vein
inferior part of
an occasional branch; a midline
the thyroid gland structure which is in danger during
tracheostomy
transverse sinus
confluens of sinuses, inferior

cerebral vv.
sigmoid sinus
brain
lies within the line of attachment of

the tentorium cerebelli to the inner
surface of the calvaria
vena comitans nervi

hypoglossi
lingual v.
tongue
vena comitans nervi hypoglossi

accompanies CN XII

external
intervertebral vv.
adjacent segmental
vv.; vertebral v. in
the cervical region
vertebral column two plexuses are described: anterior

and associated
and posterior; connects with the
muscles
internal vertebral venous plexus

internal
anterior and posterior longitudinal adjacent segmental

vertebral sinuses
vv.
spinal cord,
connects with the external vertebral
meninges,
venous plexuses; valveless; a route
vertebral column for potential spread of metastases
from the pelvis to the brain
superior thyroid v. is the only thyroid

v. to accompany an artery; it crosses
superficial to the common carotid a.

Selected Veins of The Thorax - Listed Alphabetically: Vein Tributaries Drains Into Regions Drained Notes

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Selected Veins of the Thorax - Listed Alphabetically

left posterior intercostal vv. 4-7 azygos v.

mid levels of the left

the azygos system is

no named veins are tributary to right atrium

anterior surface of the

anterior cardiac vv. cross the

lumbar vv. 1-4

right: azygos v.; left:

ascending lumbar v. connects

formed by the union of the

posterior surface of the

lateral and posterior

may connect with the inferior

formed by the union of the

the left and right

at its origin, the left

no named veins are tributary to right atrium

anterior surface of the

anterior cardiac vv. cross the

no named veins are tributary to coronary sinus

region of the heart near small cardiac v. courses

no named veins are tributary to drain directly into the

also known as: Thebesian

formed by the union of the

heart, except the region

coronary sinus is located in

tributaries are unnamed

azygos v.; hemiazygos v. esophagus

region of the heart near middle cardiac v.

esophageal vv. connect with

of the left atrium to form the anterior

of the cardiac vv.; it

formed by the joining of the left azygos v.

inferior levels of the

left posterior intercostal vv. 4-7 azygos v.

mid levels of the left

the azygos system is

lateral cutaneous br.

the difference in termination

2nd-4th posterior intercostal vv. right: arch of the azygos

intercostal spaces 2-4

lumbar vv. 1-4

right: azygos v.; left:

ascending lumbar v. connects

region of the heart near middle cardiac v.

left auricle and a small oblique v. of the left atrium

oblique v. of the left atrium no named tributaries

1st: brachiocephalic v.;

portion of the left

is the remnant of the

lateral cutaneous br.

1st: brachiocephalic v.;

the difference in termination

there are usually two

2nd-4th posterior intercostal vv. right: arch of the azygos

intercostal spaces 2-4

superior vena cava

formed by the union of the

all of the body above

superior vena cava is formed

numerous vv. of the superficial

skin and superficial