1. What is the role of creativity in decision making?

Creativity is a process of developing and generating new novel and unique ideas, biews, opinions
and systems to solve the provlems and to take dicision systematically. Dicision is a process of
selecting best course of action among from many alternatives. Dicision making is an important
functionof management because long term survival of organization always depends on managerial
decision. Environment is competative and dynamic so development of creativity or unique ideas is
essential for competitive strength.
Cteativity is a process of analyzing organizational provlem by system ir is not a super human or
supernatural ability but process of reflecting internal factors behaviors and knowledge which can be
acquired from practice and experiences. Similarly it is not a devine gift of development or higher
education. Environment is dynamic environmental factor market demand and fashion of today
maynot be same in romorrow. Needs, desires and interests of costomer may be change as per
environment. In this situation market cannot be lead by the organization only from traditional way of
ecision making and hystorical ideas. So creativity play an important role to take modern decision
from scientific approach.
Creativity plays vital role in the process of decision making so role of creativity and decision can be
explained with the help of following points:
1. It helps to generate scientific way and modern approach to solve organizational provlem. It helps
to innovate new tecnilogy and new production system because without creativity innovation is
impossible.
2. It helps to collect more information and evaluate them from different mathematical and statistical
tools. It helps to scan internal and external environment.
3. It helps to allocate orgational resources properly and scitntifically.

2. What is the relationship between planning and control?

Relationship Between Planning

and Control Explained
Planning is required at the very outset of management whereas control is required at the last stages. If
planning is looking ahead, control is looking back.
Control and planning are interrelated so closely that they cannot be separated from each other.
Without control all the planning is fruitless because control consists of the steps taken to ensure
that the performance of the organization conforms to the plans.
In other words control is concerned with the actual performance in relation to the standards set in

advance and the correction of deviations to ensure attainment of objectives. Planning is required at
the very outset of management whereas control is required at the last stages.
If planning is looking ahead, control is looking back. In fact, control is the process of checking to
determine whether or not proper progress is being made towards the objectives and goals set by
management while doing planning.
Often it is said that planning is the basis, action is the essence, delegation is the key, information is
the guide and control is the lifeblood of the success of any business enterprise. Organizational
objectives cannot be achieved without planning and planning alone cannot be successful. If extra
efforts are put in planning and control is ignored, a business may suffer from a number of
administrative problems. These difficulties may be highly detrimental for the business in the long
run.
Effective control through efficient superiors can only be a guarantee for success. The control system
must be appropriate to the needs and circumstances of the enterprise.
Control is a fundamental management function that ensures work accomplishment according to
plans. The purpose of control is to ensure that everything in an organization occurs in conformity
with pre-determined plans. Control also ensures that there is no kind of indiscipline and
incompetence in the organization and employees are not able to put undue pressure on the
management.
Some people are not in favor of control because they feel that control is always used against the
employees. They advocate automatic control rather than forced one. But a balanced viewpoint is
that both the management and the employees should be put under some kind of control. Control
should be engrained in the basic policies of any type of business organization.

##1.

Interdependence between Planning and Controlling

There is a deep relationship between the controlling and planning functions of

management. Showing the importance of their relationship, it is generally said
that planning is meaningless without controlling and controlling is blind without
planning. Both the aspects of the interdependence of planning and control
have been detailed below:
(i) Planning is Meaningless without Controlling:
In the first part of interdependence between planning and controlling it has
been said that planning can be successful only in the presence of controlling.
It means that if the control is not present it is useless to have planning.

If the process of controlling is taken away from management, no person

working in the enterprise will take it seriously to work according to the plans
and consequently, the plans will fail.
(ii) Controlling is blind without Planning:
Under the system of controlling actual work performance is compared with the
standards. Hence, if the standards are not determined there is no justification
left for control, and the standards are determined under planning. It is,
therefore, said that control is blind without planning or it is without any base.
2. Difference between Planning and Controlling
It is correct that planning and controlling are incomplete and ineffective
without each other and hence, dependent on each other. But it does not mean
that both are not independent. The following points are helpful to clarify their
independent character:
(i) Planning is Looking Ahead whereas Controlling is Looking Back:
Plans are always formulated for future and determine the future course of
action for the achievement of objectives laid down.
On the contrary, controlling is looking back because under it a manager tries
to find out, after the work is completed, whether it has been done according to
the standards or not. It is thus clear that planning looks ahead and controlling
looks backward or in the past.
This difference between planning and control can be stated in the reverse
position also. It means Planning is looking back whereas controlling is looking

ahead. Planning is called looking back because the plans are formulated on
the basis of the happenings of the past or on the basis of experience.
On the other hand, controlling evaluates the work done in the past but under it
corrective action is taken in respect of future. Hence, there should not be any
hesitation in saying that planning looks backward while controlling looks
ahead,
(ii) Planning is the First Function and Controlling is the Last Function of
Managerial Process:
The managerial process moves in a definite sequence like planning,
organising, staffing, directing and controlling. This sequence shows that
planning is the first step in the managerial process and controlling happens to
be the last step.