Green Pakistan PDF

Iss
ue
GREEN PAKISTAN
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
Centre for Energy Systems

(CES-NUST)
National University of Sciences and Technology

H-12 Islamabad
I/
Oc
t-D
ec
20
11
NUST
Noteworthy Statistics
366th
University of the
world (overall)
(QS UK, 2010)
42,000
Students applied to
NUST last year
Employement
85%
The remaining students

either opt for higher
studies or
self-employement
(CDC Survey 2009)
Top 300
Ranked amongst the
UNIVERSITIES OF THE WORLD

in the diciplines of Engineerng, IT and
Arts & Humainities
(QS UK, 2010)
Faculty to Student Ratio
1:10
GREEN PAKISTAN
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
CONTENTS
CES-NUST Overview...................08
NUST Participation in the 4th Asian

School on Solar Electricity for Rural
Areas ...........................................31
International/Industry
Partnerships.................................10
Renewable Energy Research at

The Pakistan Navy Engineering College...............................................33
Green Energy Incentives and

Pitfalls.........................................14
Research and Innovation Team.....16
Academia-Industry Linkages: A
Case of College of Electrical and
Mechanical Engineering................35
The Role of Corporate Advisory

Council (CAC) and the Energy
Sector..........................................22
Energy and Environment...............37
Energy Sector CAC Industry Counterparts........................................23
NUST Institution Wise Specific

Activities Programs, Research Areas
and Degree Courses Offered in the
Energy Sector................................38
NUST University Industry Portal

on Biofuels...................................25
Energy Related Courses offered at

NUST...........................................40
Cooperation with Asian and Pacific

Centre for Transfer of Technology
(APCTT) for the Promotion of
Renewable Energy Technologies in
Asia-Pacific Region......................28
GREEN PAKISTAN
NUST Access Map........................47
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
Message from
Engr Muhammad Asghar
Rector NUST
NUST launched the Centre for Energy Systems (CES) early

this year to provide a pivot to its Institutions involved in
energy sector programs and to support and consolidate
the various activities/projects, which make good sense
for scalable and sustainable operations with a view to
contribute to industry and national economy in times of
energy crisis.
The Centre should endeavor to create an ecosystem for
addressing energy requirements by influencing Policy
Makers, developing Technologies and Human Resource,
and mobilizing Communities for energy conservation. The
Center must incorporate existing institutes to this core
mission.
Educational and research activities at the Center should
engage energy companies and academic & Government
organizations to associate with research groups and project
teams at the National University of Sciences & Technology.
Such partnerships will solve pressing front line research
problems and engage in long term high risk research
projects important to our energy future.
CES should promote interdisciplinary MS and PhD degrees
programs in Energy Systems, Renewable Energy, Clean
Coal Technologies, Thermal and Hydropower Engineering
to cater for qualified human resource and quality research
to deal with the imminent workforce crises in the energy
fields. I hope you will be able to develop international
collaborations and I assure you of full support for all such
projects.
It is a pleasure to learn that CES is publishing the Energy

Magazine, Green Pakistan Energy Solutions. Compilation of
an assortment of research projects by students and faculty,
research programs undertaken at various institutions at
NUST, and the faculty profile is indicative of the progressive
and futuristic course the Centre has embarked upon. I
hope that the future issues will bring forth richer views,
objectives analysis and hardcore professional subjects
focusing on more crude and direct interface between the
research programs and projects vis--vis the industry.
I congratulate the team on the publication of the Magazine
on the occasion of the CES Inaugural Ceremony. I trust that
the Magazine will serve as an international knowledge
harbinger to prop up the information exchange of energy
ideas and technology developments.
Engineer Muhammad Asghar

Rector
Message from
Dr. Mohammad Bilal Khan
Principal/Director CES
The Inaugural issue of NUST energy magazine Green

Pakistan-Energy Solutions is at hand. It brings forth NUST
Energy Sector program, activities and projects. Diversity in
energy with greater share of renewables in the energy mix
is the overriding theme in league with the current global
energy road map. We acknowledge and commemorate
the generous contribution of NRG Biofuels in the form of
high-end research equipment and their continued support
toward our renewable energy program.
The current Issue reflects the mission and objectives,
NUST participation in international energy moots, industry
and overseas partnerships and feature articles by the
participating schools.
The objective of the Centre is to introduce and consolidate
new programs, especially national projects that can be
directly integrated with the larger energy related initiatives
in the Country.
The centres vision resides in setting up pilot plants to
demonstrate the feasibility of specific programs in the
various energy sectors. Thus taking the lead in moving
from research and development to demonstration; a step
that is considered vital for meaningful academia-industry
collaboration. Hydropower, thermal and power plant
engineering together with clean coal technologies and
renewables are identified as focal areas by the Centre.
The Energy Centre outreach is triggered by its interaction
with its multiple research and technical collaboration
partners both at home and abroad. Further effective
collaborations will be fostered as the energy centre of
excellence evolves and grows with due diligence at a fast
pace.
The Energy Centre will be developed to enhance innovation
and cross discipline partnership in the fields related to
alternative energy technology development. The centre will
focus on meeting advanced research needs of the energy
industry through expansion of research activities and joint
industry-acadamia research and technology development.
Currently various institutions of NUST offer 120 courses
related to energy. These outfits have published 50 papers

and filed 8 patents including one US patent in the energy
sector. Funding received through competitive grants
amounts to PKR 36.0 M whilst the industrial funding stands
at PKR 120 M to date.
I trust that collaborative industry-academia partnerships
will achieve technological breakthrough developments by
conducting energy related research to congregate local and
global needs.
Energy Sector Undertakings!
My first contact with an energy system was in the shape of
a glass furnace recuperator that conserved thermal energy
by passage of flue gases through a split chamber lined
with a stack of refractory to pre-heat air by operating in
alternate sequence.
My second contact was the US Department of Energy
project on Syn Fuels using a short cut process to produce
crude oil from biomass.
The third contact was defined at Imperial College London
involving processing related energy savings by replacing
high pressure impingement with a rotary injection system
to produce composite parts at a vastly reduced energy
outlay.
The fourth contact entailed improving the combustion
efficiency of a composite propellant for enhanced
performance.
The fifth contact at NUST is a renewable energy system to
produce bio fuel to provide green liquid fuel for commuting
i.e. aviation, marine, on-road trucking and long range
driving. This current project has culminated in a US patent
for accelerated production of bio fuels using heterogeneous
catalyst, and Pakistans first fully instrumented solarised
airlift tubular photobioreactor now functional at CES NUST.
M.B.Khan
Dr. Mohammad Bilal Khan, T.I.
Message from
J. Chris Willmann
CEO NRG Biofuels Inc. (Canada)
Energy Makes the World Go Round

When I was asked to contribute a message to the readers of
the Renewable Energy Magazine published by the Centre
for Energy Systems at NUST, my immediate reaction was
what an honour just make sure you write something
profound that will actually mean something to the readers.
So, here is a little background on how I came to be interested
in energy, and later renewable energy as well as a couple of
truism from my experience and perspective:
I distinctly remember one of my first year courses at
University. The lecturer said simply Energy makes the
world go round. This very simply statement packs a lot of
meaning, and upon closer examination, is quite profound.
Probably one reason it had such an impact on me was
because in 1974 when I started university, the industrialized
nations had just survived the 1973 energy crisis, when the
price for crude oil tripled over night and life as we knew it
had changed. No more abundant and cheap energy. While
the popular press and governments had many less than
flattering things to say about OPEC and its new policies,
those with a little vision recognized this occurrence as
a wake up call to the world that fossil fuels were a finite
resource by definition and something had to change.
Without going into details of gasoline pump line-ups, empty
roads on Sunday because of a ban on driving, reduced
speed limits, etc. it became clear quickly that without an
outside source of energy, we only have muscle power, be it
our own, or that of beasts we employ to harrow a field or
pull a cart. It has been the availability of abundant cheap
energy that has fuelled industrial development. Initially
firewood and peat moss (biomass), then coal, oil, gas,
nuclear power,- all fossil fuels in one form or another and in
the future renewable biomass based energy systems have
and will be the basis of that cheap energy we so desperately
seek and fight over.
Whereas in the past, we have relied on mining stored
energy supplied by the sun, we are now looking at ways to
circumvent the storage problem, by making use of energy

provided by the sun through various more direct methods
solar, wind, wave, or biomass. As I wrote in my thesis
back in 1977: we do not have an energy problem we
have an energy storage problem. It is up to humanity to use
technology to overcome practical and perceived obstacles.
Energy is all around us. Harnessing it, storing it, and turning
it into something useful is the real challenge.
At the time, and still today in some quarters, the panacea
to our energy problems was fusion. 35 years have passed,
and we have made no real, practical progress. The costs
associated with it, be they environmental, social, or simply
monetary simply cannot be ignored and are prohibitive and
thus not sustainable.
Throughout my career as an Earth Scientist finding
conventional oil and gas throughout the world, I have
dabbled in renewables and other alternatives, be it
hydroelectric power, various wind turbine designs and
projects, or simply improving efficiency through better
technology. The kWh we save through greater efficiency
does not have to be produced in the first place, or can be
used for something else. One thing that became very clear
to me early on was the realization that any new energy
technology had to stand on its own economic merits,
and the same is true for any renewables we develop. We
cannot rely on hand-outs from the public purse or artificial
support for any given technology in order for it to survive
in the marketplace. For technology to be embraced by a
general public that tends to be conservative and reluctant
to change, it must be far superior to anything else it is
competing with.
In the case of energy, this boils down to dramatically more
energy for less expenditure and cost. While this contrasts
with the reality of research and development being
methodical and having progress measured in small steps,
we must not forget that many small steps combined with
a vision make a big step. It is these big steps that have a
profound, positive impact on humanity, but only if they are

presented properly to those forming public opinion.
With the establishment of Centre for Energy Systems ( the
key word being SYSTEMS) at NUST the first steps have been
taken to contribute to the hard work required to finding
the energy panacea- which in todays world seems to be
made up of many different elements and forms of energy.
In the future we will have many different types of energy
supplies- depending on the end use. But the work has
to start today, to overcome the inherit inertia favouring
unsustainable fossil fuels.
If we correlate standard of living with access to energy,
it will become self evident that one of the basic tools for
improving the standards of living comes from access to
energy energy does indeed make the world go round.
It is up to scientists- indeed the mandate of those working,
teaching, and researching in engineering specifically, as
well as the many other disciplines involved in creating
successful energy systems that have to step up and accept

the challenge. These systems, those being developed at the
new Centre for Energy Systems at NUST, will provide the
opportunity to develop the many small steps required for
those big jumps forward that will have a profound, positive
effect on providing cheap, appropriate technology and
energy to the less fortunate of Pakistan and the world.
In the early 21st Century with a world population of 7 billion
people, we must move forward from conventional fossil
based forms of energy to renewables that can compete in
the current market place. Those of you getting involved in
energy systems may have your work cut out for you, but
your knowledge and creativity have the potential to change
billions of lives for the better. So accept the challenge and
get creative!
JCW, December 2011
CES-NUST Overview
NUST launched the Centre for Energy Systems (CES) early this year to provide a pivot to its Institutions involved in energy
sector programs and to support and consolidate the various activities/projects, which make good sense for scalable and
sustainable operations with a view to contribute to industry and national economy in times of energy crisis. The objectives
of the Centre on energy, environment and policy are simply provision of sustainable supply of energy at affordable rates
with greater share of renewables in the energy mix to reduce environmental footprint. The mission of the Centre is
to create an ecosystem for addressing energy requirements by influencing Policy Makers, developing Technologies and
Human Resource and mobilizing Communities for energy conservation. The specific objectives are listed in the following:
Contribute towards availability of sufficient energy on sustainable basis
Develop techniques for maximum utilization of indigenous resources
Promotion of R&D for improvement of energy efficiency, conservation and development of energy efficient appliances
and processes
Promote policy making to reduce dependence on external sources
Human resource development to deal with the imminent workforce crises in the energy fields
The Center incorporates existing institutes to this core mission.
The vision of the centre resides in setting up pilot plants to demonstrate the feasibility of specific programs in the various
energy sectors. Thus taking the lead in moving from R&D to demonstration: a step that is considered vital for viable and
meaningful academia-industry collaboration.
CES has a dedicated website www.ces.nust.edu.pk soon its official organ, namely GREEN PAKISTAN ENERGY SOLUTIONS
will have a dedicated Editorial Board drawn from NUST schools involved in energy sector programs/disciplines. There will
be representation from industry and overseas collaboration partners and global energy experts as well.
GREEN PAKISTAN
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
Participating NUST Schools

It is important to enhance innovation, cross discipline
partnership, and transfer of technology in fields related to
conventional and unconventional fossils fuels, biofuels, and
alternative energy technology development. The various
NUST schools are contributing in the areas of renewable
and conventional energy:
CES (CTL / Biofuels)

SMME (Solar thermal /EC)
CEME (Solar/Geothermal)
SCME (Thin films/ Nano)
IESE (Biogas / water)
SEECS (Power Engineering)
SCEE (Hydro power)
PNEC (Windmill)
RCMS (Modeling)
CAE (Solar PV/Wind )
Various outfits associated with the Centre have published

50 papers and filed 8 patents including one US patent filed
in the energy sector. Research funding through competitive
grants amount to $ 0.7 M while 0.27 M is received through
industrial funding. Cutting edge research on solar thin films,
accelerated biofuels, wind mill efficiency and rotor design,
and super critical fluid manufacturing is being conducted.
Salient projects are listed below:
Salient Research Projects:

Renewable technology in the form of solar energy is

being implemented in the SMME building on NUST

Campus to provide space and water heating.
Indigenous design and fabrication of Wind Turbine
Rotors. Indigenous fabrication of 500 W, 1.5m windmill
rotors with a hub height of 6.0m above ground level
as part of NUST-AERO-Fiber Tech outreach industrial
link project. Mirror process technique with matching
receptacles is used to fabricate the windmill rotors
according to NACA 4527 aerofoil profile. Full scale
load-deflection/bending stiffness tests are conducted
using simulated aerodynamic load with incremental
loading. The profile is generated in MAT-Lab and
translated to preform, which is used to fabricate the
receptacles. Rotors are assembled on the windmill and
tested for vibration-free and smooth operation under
induced rpm.
Development and testing of Solar Charging Stations for
Electric Vehicles.
Design and development of real-time engine blow-by
monitoring system.
Indigenous design/development and fabrication of
solarized Airlift tubular Photo bioreactor
electricity with excess energy harvested and stored

during the day and released at night. Despite our
ongoing efforts with jatropha curcas and other high
lipid content shrubs, from a land utilization perspective,
micro algae is in our opinion is still THE most viable
option in the long run. Proven photobioreactor design
will be replicated in the biofuels park to provide for (a)
Liquid fuel for on-campus power generation, b) Protein
from algae cake derived from specific algae cultures to
be commercialized by pharmaceutical companies onboard the NUST CAC.
Development of a nano-photo catalyst for efficient
biodiesel conversion from Jatropha (US Patent
Published).
Super-critical fluid extraction of micro-algae for bio fuel
production as an industrial outreach in collaboration
with NRG Bio fuels CANADA.
Super Critical Fluid Extraction (SCFE) is relatively new
extraction process that has attracted great interest in
recovery of algal oil using carbon dioxide as the ideal
fluid. This is an ambitious project requiring simulation,
design and fabrication. The capacity of the SCFE unit
selected is 10 L. This is a sizeable pilot plant in this field.
Rigorous computer simulation has been performed.
Nano solar thin film fabrication and characterization.
Fabrication and dynamic testing of filament wound
casing with improved interfacial properties for high
pressure storage.
Solar industrial hybrid water heating system installed
at Siddique Leather Works funded by HEC. Solar Water
Pumping Project for Deprived communities of FATA
funded by USAID & MoST through HEC.
Design and installation of system based on solar
coupled under floor convective pipe heating.
To study and design a small scale solar-powered

thermoelectric system installed on the roof top assist
cooling of single office space.
FRP composite based Rotor Wind-Mill mounted at

SCME NUST
This project envisions the extension of existing
photobioreactors on campus to operate in neutral

energy cycle on solar PV with power of florescent
tubes coming from high efficiency solar PV generated
GREEN PAKISTAN
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
Feasibility study for conversion of a gasoline engine Designed & fabricated a solar water purifier
into an ethanol engine and compare the performance Evaluation/monitoring of Renewable Energy and
results.
energy efficiency Program (BMZ Germany).
Designed & fabricated six different types of wind

turbines in the power range of 300 1000 watts
International/Industry Partnerships
The Energy Center outreach is triggered by its interaction with its multiple research and technical collaboration partners
both at home and abroad. The Center at NUST is already connected with counterparts in China, the US and elsewhere in
the world. Apart from maintaining close networking within the country with relevant institutions, WITS University, RSA,
US NSF through Oregon State University USA, University of Calgary Canada, Tsinghua Univeristy and Chinese Companies
are on board with NUST to take this initiative forward. NRG Biofuels Calgary Canada is proactively involved in R&D of
the Energy Centre at NUST. Further effective collaborations will be forged as the energy center of excellence evolves and
grows with due diligence at a fast pace.
Prof. Kendra V. Sharp
Professor of Mechanical Engineering

PhD, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 2001
M Eng, University of California Berkeley, 1996
M Phil, University of Cambridge, 1994
BS, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1993
American Institute of Physics/American Association for the Advancement of Science
Congressional Science Fellow, 2001 At OSU since 2010.
Glumac Faculty Fellow School of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering
Oregon State University
Dr. Kendra Sharps primary expertise is in the areas of experimental fluid mechanics including diagnostic techniques,
mixing, and microfluidics for biological and energy applications. She is also working in the area of sustainable technologies,
with an emphasis on microhydro, and international emphases in engineering research and education. She was recently
named a Glumac Faculty Fellow at Oregon State University for her work in sustainable technologies.
She directed the Microscale Flow Lab during her eight years as a mechanical engineering faculty member at The
Pennsylvania State University. She spent the summers of 2008 and 2009 as a visiting researcher at the Laboratory for Aero
and Hydrodynamics, Technical University of Delft, Netherlands. In 2004, Dr. Sharp received a National Science Foundation
(NSF) Career Award supporting her work on particle effects in microfluidics. She served as an American Institute of
Physics (AIP)/American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Congressional Science Fellow in the office of
U.S. Senator J. Lieberman in 2001, immediately after earning her Ph.D. in Theoretical and Applied Mechanics from the
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Dr Xinying Liu

PhD in Chemistry (1999), Nankai University

BSc in Chemistry (1994), Nankai University
Technical expertise
Design, synthesis and characterization of catalyst and inorganic nano particles.
Fischer Tropsh process.

Life cycle assessment of alternated energy
Key responsibilities at COMPS
Looking after the Fischer Tropsch laboratory and the Fischer Tropsch process development, including CTL, GTL and BTL
GREEN PAKISTAN
10
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
Dr. Saud A. Gutub

Dr. Saud A. Gutub holds a B.Sc. degree in Civil Engineering from King Fahd University for
Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, (1978), and an M.Sc. degree in Water
Resources from California State University, Long Beach, California, USA (1981), and a Ph.D. in
Groundwater from Colorado State University, Colorado, USA (1988). He has been on the faculty
of the Department of Civil Engineering at King Abdulaziz University since 1979. Dr. Gutub has
held several administrative and academic positions at King Abdulaziz University. He is currently
the Dean of Faculty of Engineering, Rabigh Branch (2009-now). He has worked as Vice Dean
of Student Affairs for Alumni (2005-2007), prior to which he was the Vice Dean of Student
Affairs for Housing and Nutrition (2003-2005). He also worked as the Deputy Director of the Water Research Center at
KAU (2008-2009). He worked as a consultant to several private and government agencies which included his being a
consultant to the deputy mayor of the municipality for projects and constructions in Jeddah City (2005-2009). He has also
supervised and participated in the preparation of the Jeddah Master Plan for storm water drainage with Saud Consult
Company (2001-2003).
Dr. Gutub has research interests in the design and analysis of water distribution systems, estimation of water leakage
in water distribution systems, groundwater flow and contaminant modeling, storm drainage design and analysis, flood
protection, groundwater dewatering, and underground dams.
Dr. Gutub has participated in several studies and researches in water-related areas for governmental and private sectors
and published numerous papers in local and international journals and conferences.
Prof. Dr. Shi-Zhong Li
Executive
Director of the US-Sino Joint Center for Biofuel
Research

Deputy Director of Institute of New Energy Technology,
Tsinghua University

Co-operations / Projects
A joint research on solid-state fermentation and psychrophilic bacteria for the production of biogas between Tsinghua
Unviersity and Malardalen University (funded by MOST China and SEA Sweden)
Sweet Sorghum and Cellulosic Ethanol Joint Research between NREL and Tsinghua University(funded by MOST China
and DOE USA)
Refine sucrose and ligocellulose in sweet sorghum stalks to biofuels (funded by Tsinghua-Cambridge-MIT low carbon
alliance)

Special area of interest in potential biogas projects
Solid state anaerobic fermentation for biogas production
Microbial community for biogas production at ambient temperature
Participation in project proposal
Effect of substrate pretreatment and different fermentation processes on the microbial community and biogas yield
Possibilities of utilisation of marginal land for energy crops for biogas
Task/Responsibility in project proposal
Work package 1 Dirk Banemann

Potentials of pretreatment of maize straw as the feedstock of biogas fermenters (UFZ, University of Rostock,
Tsinghua University, AEPI;Tianren, CAU, DBFZ)
Coordinator Frank Scholwin

Possibilities of utilisation of marginal land for energy crops for biogas
GREEN PAKISTAN
11
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
Suhail A Khan
Vice President Polyester Business

Suhail Aslam Khan is the Vice President Polyester Business. He joined ICI as a Management
Trainee in 1986 with the Soda Ash Business and has over 25 years of professional experience in
diverse fields. Prior to his current role, Suhail was the General Manager Human Resources and
Corporate Communications & Public Affairs. He has also served as the Site General Manager for
the Polyester Business and as Vice President Manufacturing Pakistan PTA Limited.
In addition to his role as Vice President of the Polyester Fibers Business, Suhail is also the CEO

of ICI Pakistan PowerGen Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of ICI Pakistan.
An alumnus of the INSEAD Business School, Suhail holds a Masters Degree in Chemical Engineering from Aston University
in Birmingham, UK.
Mr. Bakhtiar Wain
President and Chief Executive Officer

Avanceon Limited
Bakhtiar Wain is the Chief Executive Officer of Avanceon Limited since he joined the company
in 1989 and a General Manager of Engro Corporation Limited. The same year, he set up a
very successful business of providing turnkey automation, instrumentation & engineering
solutions to the local industry. After the acquisition of majority shares by Engro in 2003, he was
unanimously re- appointed as Chief Executive Officer by the Board of Directors.
Mr. Wain also serves on the Board of Innovative Private Limited.
Mr. Wain has previously worked for leading companies such as Exxon Chemical, Fauji Fertilizer and ICI. Within 3 years
of his appointment as Chief Executive Officer, he spearheaded the company towards market leadership in Pakistan. The
company subsequently grew internationally by setting up a very successful operation in UAE and acquiring a leading
automation company in Pennsylvania, USA.
Mr. Wain holds a mechanical engineering degree from the University of Engineering and Technology, Pakistan.
Dr. Zeeshan Nawaz

Dr. Zeeshan Nawaz received his Bachelor and Master degrees with distinction in Chemical
Engineering, after that he earned his Doctoral degree in Chemical Engineering & Technology
from Tsinghua University, Beijing. He served at Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission and
Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Reaction Engineering & Technology (FLOTU) for 6
years. His specialization is Catalyst Design and Reaction Engineering. He won many awards
and scholarships in his carrier; the most recent are Excellent Researcher Award of Tsinghua
University sponsored by Eternal Chemical Co. Ltd. Taiwan and Best Young Scientist 2011 by
NAYS.
Currently, he is involved in Process & Reactor design and High Fidelity Reactor Modeling for various technology development
activities. He is also inventor of novel bi-metallic catalyst for direct propane dehydrogenation and designed integrated
fluidized bed reactor for light olefins production. Dr. Zeeshan published more than 50 research papers in esteemed
research journals and having 7 patents; at the same time he is also member of editorial boards for various reputed
research journals home and abroad.
Rashid Kamal
Rashid Kamal received his bachelor degree in Chemical Engineering from Punjab University
Lahore. He has spent around 4 years in Fauji Fertilizer Company, Macchi Goth, Rahim yar Khan
in the beginning and has an experience of 26 years in different businesses of ICI Pakistan, in
various positions Currently working as Works Manager Polyester manufacturing unit near
Sheikhupura.
GREEN PAKISTAN
12
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
Dr. Mohammad Saeed Khan Jadoon

Dr. Mohammad Saeed Khan Jadoon holds DIC and Ph. D in Petroleum Engineering from Imperial
College, University of London, UK in 1992. He has a diversified experience of more than 18
years in Petroleum industry. He has joined OGDCL as Senior Reservoir Engineering in 1993.
Currently, he is working as Manager Reservoir Engineering and leading reservoir simulation
study group and Reserves & Economic Evaluation division in Oil & Gas Development Company
Limited Pakistan. He has been involved in evolving Reservoir Management and Development
Strategy of the oil & Gas Fields of OGDCL. He has worked as Convener Peer Review Committee
for the Evaluation of the Petroleum Engineering Institutes of Pakistan, nominated by Pakistan

Council for Science & Technology in year 2002 He is an author of twenty five technical papers and participated in National
and International Conferences. He held positions of Secretary General SPE 1999 and Chairman Continuing Education SPE
Pakistan since 2003. He has been selected as member of peer review committee for Journal of Reservoir Engineering and
Formation Evaluation published in USA by SPE International in 2008. He is major contributor in organizing SPE conferences
in Pakistan for last ten years. In recognition of his valuable contribution in dissemination of knowledge through Society
of Petroleum Engineers, he has been selected as a Chairman SPE Pakistan for 2010. He is also on the editorial Board of
Pakistan Journal of Hydrocarbon Research, HDIP. He worked as group Leader for the formulation of Tight Gas and low
BTU gases reservoir Development policy for the GOVT of Pakistan. He is also nominated as member Board of Studies in
Petroleum Technology, University of Karachi.
International Appearances:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
ASEAN Jakarta, Indonesia, 2009

World Future Energy Summit, UAE 2010
COMSTAC/NASIC, Islamabad 2010
International Conference on Energy Systems Engineering, EME-NUST 2010
TMS, California, USA 2010
ASEAN, Vietnam 2011
SDPI, Islamabad 2011
University of Sheffield Energy Centre 2011
Cooperation With Asian And Pacific Centre For Transfer Of Technology (Apctt) For The Promotion Of Renewable
Energy Technologies In Asia-Pacific Region, China 2011
10. 4th Asian School On Solar Electricity For Rural Areas, Selangor, Malaysia 2011
11. Pakistan-China Cooperation Conference, Beijing, China 2011
Round Table discussion Session at World Future Energy Summit at UAE, 2010
GREEN PAKISTAN
13
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
Green Energy Incentives and Pitfalls

Pakistan possesses vast potential in wind, microhydel and
hydel power generation. We need to fix our priorities
right and implement the decisions made by various
organs of the State. As for government initiatives, it did
set up an institution in 2002 called the Alternative Energy
Development Board (AEDB), especially for this purpose. The
Pakistan Meteorological Department, with assistance from
USAID, carried out a wind-resource study of Pakistan and
developed a precise and accurate detailed map, showing
the potential available in the country for harnessing wind
energy. According to it, the country has a total potential of
35,000 MW, which it can produce from wind power. The
study found that from one place alone, the Gharo-Keti
Bandar wind corridor in coastal Sindh, several thousand
megawatts can be produced. On this issue, Pakistan has
also been extended help by other donors.
Another potentially fruitful area which needs attention

is the microhydel domain as expressed by the following
figures:
The bottom line is that Micro scale hydropower production

has the potential to be a significant and decentralized
component of Pakistans growing power needs.
As far as hydropower is concerned, unfortunately our
planers have mixed the priorities of power generation from
big multi-purpose water reservoir dams with run of
the river generation. The main purpose of the former is
irrigation and the power generation is its byproduct while
the latter is purely used for power generation, and as such
their priorities need to be separately identified based on
power requirement. Power generation from run of river
projects is low cost and its completion schedule is shorter
compared to big water reservoir dams. Based on run of
the river Hydel Projects, a substantial power generation
capacity of about 20,000 MW in northern areas is available
which should be given priority and completed with in the
nest 5-8 years.
It offered various incentives for independent power

producers, including guarantees to purchase electricity,
and concessions such as a zero sales tax and no import
duty. As a result, 73 letters of intent (LoI) were issued for a
total of 4,650 MW of energy to be produced. In view of this
large-scale interest, the Planning Commission of Pakistan
fixed a target for the AEDB to complete wind projects
of 900 MW capacity till 2010.Fourteen of the 73 windgenerated projects completed feasibility studies. By 2007,
the National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (Nepra)
had issued power generation licences to five companies
and they were to start operation by early 2010. There is lot
to be desired in this sector to utilize the immense potential
that resides in it. The wind coming from the Arabian Sea
passes harmlessly through Pakistans territory into India!
Ironically India is producing 8213 MW from this wind.
The Pakistan wind corridor imploringly waiting expliotation!
GREEN PAKISTAN
Micro Hydel Power Potential = 4500 MW ($1.5M/MW)

Ownership to small, impoverished communities
Minimum capital investment per installation.
Less impact on Eco System
Ideally suited to Pakistans Topography
A vast basin close to prominent mountain range
14
Run of the river hydel project view
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
The following recommendations are made:

Capitalize on the initial success of UGC to fully exploit the vast coal deposit for electricity and high quality diesel.
Fix gas supply priority in the following order:

Industry

Domestic
Transport
Hasten Gas Pipeline
No Generation, no Capacity Charge for GENCOs
Reduce Losses; Improve efficiency of GENCOs
Run of the river hydel projects

Dasu Thakot, Pathan, Bunji (20,000MW)
Go for Renewables
Pakistans serious energy crisis has negative impact on all sectors of economy. It is not just the economic growth that has
been hampered by frequent power outages but shutting down of industries has also increased the unemployment.
We must expedite exploration of oil and gas on a war footing to complement the depleting reserves. Pay due attention
to the vast coal reserves in regard to converting these into electricity and clean motor fuel. The renewable sector has
immence potential in terms of both wind and biomass. Indiginize both thermal and PV solar technologies for utilization
on mass scale. The sun is pouring trillions of MW everyday!
A delightful news to share with

the worthy readers. The first
underground gasification experiment
has met success. The blue flame
emanating from one of the UGC
channels in Tharparker Desert is a
glad tiding that carries the potential
of illuminating Pakistan in the time
of acute energy crisis. We extend our
heartiest felicitations to Dr. Samar
Mubarakmand and his team!
Overseas Delegates in the Company of Rector NUST on

the ocassion of MoU Signing
GREEN PAKISTAN
Dr. Samar Mubarakmand inaugurating Dr Samar

Mubarakmand Block at NUST
15
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
Research and Innovation Team

Dr Mohammad Bilal Khan
Qualifications/Trainings
MS USA, DIC/PhD UK

Former Advisor US DOE and PAF
Current Position
Principal/Director Center for Energy Systems (CES),

National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST).
Profile
Dr. Khan is the founding Dean of SCME, NUST. He was involved as researcher/consultant in a sizeable project on the
production of synthetic fuel from Biomass on behalf of the US Department of Energy at the University of Arizona USA. The
project had traveled from Rust Engineering in New York to Argonne labs in Illinois to UC Berkley. A major breakthrough
enabled the project to recover from its long slumber and activated it to the point of commercial production. Invention is
assigned to the University of Arizona. The work is reported in The Nation Daily Science and Technology section under
the caption Shortcut to Natural Production and ISI Journals. Ultimately, a 3000 bbl/day plant for fuel production from
biomass was reportedly installed in Albany New York. Two further improvements in machine design leading to lower
energy outlay in reaction injection and planetary viscous processing were achieved as part of PhD and Post Doc. work
in Industry. He acted as Advisor on turn key projects across four continents. He is on HEC panel of experts for review of
National R& D grants. Dr. Khan is currently heading a sizable biofuels project in collaboration with NRG Biofuels Canada
where employment of a photosensitive catalyst produces biodiesel at a much faster rate consuming much less energy.
US patent for the process has been registered. Dr. Khan has over 90 publications, 03 books and 6 patents to his credit.
He represents NUST in the Core Energy Group established by the Ministry of Science and Technology. He serves on the
peer review panel of archival journals of international repute. He is recipient of the ORS award by the committee of
the Vice Chancellors and Principals of the UK. In recognition of his outstanding contribution to the field of science and
technology the President of Islamic Republic of Pakistan has conferred the President Medal for Technology award 2009.
He is chairman of YMK Educational Foundation. He is Co-chair of chemical and energy sectors of Corporate Advisory
Council NUST. He is member BOG RIU and TMS USA.
Dr. Abdul Ghafoor
PhD UK, Post Doc Fulbright US
Current Position
Principal SMME, NUST
Profile
He has worked as a visiting professor in Kings College London and has also been a Fulbright Scholar at University of
Florida, USA. Dr Ghafoor has over 50 publications in the journals and conferences of international repute. He is the brain
behind the on-campus practical energy conservation projects, which include water and space heating of SMME building
and installation of hybrid geysers utilizing solar thermal technology. He is assigned to undertake energy audit of the
buildings for the various outfits under the Ministry of Science and Technology.
GREEN PAKISTAN
16
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
Dr.Ashfaque Hasan Khan (Sitara-e-Imtiaz)

Dean & Principal , NUST Business School

Dr. Ashfaque Hasan Khan is currently the Principal and Dean, NUST Business School,
National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Islamabad. He has been the Special Secretary
Finance/Director General, Debt Office and Economic Adviser of the Ministry of Finance,
Islamabad for eleven years. He has also been the Director and Vice Chairman of the SaudiPak Industrial and Agricultural Investment Company Ltd. (A joint venture of Saudi Arabia and
Pakistan); and Directors of the United Bank Limited (Representing governments shares in the
Bank) and Pak-Libya Holding Company (A Joint venture of Pakistan and Libya).
Dr.Khan holds a Ph.D degree in economics from the Johns Hopkins University in USA. He joined the Pakistan Institute of
Development Economics (PIDE) in 1979 as Research Economist, where he held increasingly senior positions. He was Joint
Director of the Institute before being appointed Economic Adviser of the Ministry of Finance in March 1998. In January
2003 he was appointed Director General of the Debt Office of the Ministry of Finance. He was appointed Special Secretary
Finance/ Director General, Debt Office in July 2007- a position which he held until February 2009. Dr. Khan has been the
spoke person of the Government of Pakistan on economic issues for 11 years (March 1998 February 2009).
As a key member of the Governments economic team Dr. Khan played a pivotal role in salvaging a near bankrupt
economy of Pakistan and putting it on the path of sustained high growth with financial stability. He was actively involved in
preparing the reform program which was launched in early 2000 and provided vital policy inputs in framing the countrys
macroeconomic policies. Dr.Khan was the member of the core economic team who negotiated with the IMF for various
financial packages, implemented the programs and finally brought the country out of the IMF Program in December 2004
and thus restored the countrys financial sovereignty.
As a member of the high level Debt Committee, Dr. Khan was involved in the preparation of the Debt Reduction Strategy
which was later adopted by the Government. The countrys macroeconomic policies centered around the same strategy
during 2000-2007. Dr. Khan played an important role in setting up the Debt Office in the Ministry of Finance. Within
eight years of pursuance of the same strategy the countrys public debt was reduced to one-half and Pakistan was able
to prepay expensive external debt. Dr. Khan is the principal architect of the Fiscal Responsibility and Debt Limitation Act,
passed by the Parliament in June 2005. This Act has been designed to inject financial discipline in the country.
Dr. Khan has been actively involved in the floatation of Pakistans sovereign bonds including the Islamic bond (Sukuk) in
the international debt capital market. He has also been involved in the issuance of Global Depository Receipts (GDRs)
and Exchangeable Bonds in international equity markets. During his stay in the Ministry of Finance, Dr. Khan has been
providing valuable policy inputs to the President, Prime Minister, Finance Minister, Secretary General Finance and Finance
Secretary on various issues pertaining to the economy.
Dr. Khans past experience includes: visiting Lecturer at the Towson State University in USA and Visiting Fellow at the Kiel
Institute of World Economics in Germany. He has also been the Consultant to many International Organizations/ Financial
Institutions such as the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific (UN-ESCAP), the Asian and
Pacific Development Centre, the Asian Development Bank and the World Bank. As Consultant to the Secretary General
SAARC, he has the honour of preparing the Regional Study on Trade, Manufacturers and Services which served as the
foundation for regional cooperation in South Asia including the establishment of the SAARC Chamber of Commerce and
Industry.
Dr. Khan has the distinction of being the most widely published economist of the country. He has published 9 books and
more than 170 articles in national and international journals of economic science. His papers have appeared in the most
prestigious journals of economic science published from Harvard University and University of Chicago. Dr.Khan has also
the distinction of being a student of a Nobel Laureate in economics, Professor Lawrence R. Klein.
Dr. Khan is currently a member of the United Nations Expert Group to review the performance of the Asia-Pacific
economies at the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific (ESCAP), Bangkok. He was one of the experts of
the UN-ESCAP, assigned the task to prepare the views of the Asia-Pacific region on the world economy for presentation at
the G-20 Summit, held in Seoul Korea in November 2010.
He has been the editor, co-editor and the member of the Editorial Committee of the various prestigious journals of
economic science. He has been the recipient of various awards from the National Book Foundation for publishing articles
in International Journals of economic science. He is also the external examiner of Ph.D dissertation submitted to various
Pakistani and foreign universities. Dr. Khan is a frequent speaker at the National Defense University, Pakistan Administrative
Staff College, National Institute of Public Administration (NIPAs), the Army School of Logistics, Kuldana, Army School of
Infantry, Nowshera and the Command and Staff College, Quetta.
In recognition of his outstanding contribution to the field of economics and public policy the President of the Islamic
Republic of Pakistan has conferred the award of Sitara-i-Imtiaz to Dr.Khan in 2005. The Economic Cooperation Organization
(ECO) also conferred him the ECO Excellence Award 2010 for his outstanding contribution in the field of Economics.
GREEN PAKISTAN
17
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
Dr. Qamar Malik

M.Sc. (USA), PhD (UK)
Current Position
NRG Biofuels, Calgary Canada.
Profile
Dr. Malik is visiting and adjunct Professor at NUST. He has 27 years of professional multidisciplinary experience serving
academia, R&D and oil & gas industry in North America, Europe and Asia. His interest are in Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Projects. He served as lead engineer for worlds largest project in Canada utilizing CO2 for enhanced oil
recovery. At present he is representing the industry and leading renewable fuels research to be commercialized in near
future. He has a track record of publications in International Journals.
Dr Ishtiaq A. Qazi
Ph.D. (Environmental Chemistry), University of Aston in Birmingham, Birmingham, UK,

1980.
MSc. University of Birmingham, UK, 1977.
MSc. (Chemistry), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 1975
Current Position
Dean, Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE),National University of
Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad (since July 2004)
Profile
He has over 25 years of administrative and managerial experience in building and leading professional teams on Environment
and Renewable Energy issues. With over twenty publications in refereed international journals has an established
expertise in the field of Renewable Energy in general and the following in particular: Solar Energy, Biogas, Microhydel, and
Wind Energy. Member of the International Steering Committee for the International Conference for Renewable Energies
(Bonn 1 - 4 June, 2004): renewables 2004. Closely involved with the Asian Development Banks programme on Promotion
of Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency and Greenhouse Abatement (PREGA).Regular Associate, in Non-Conventional
Energy, of the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (AS-ICTP), Trieste, Italy (2000-2003).
Dr. Adeel Waqas

PhD (Energy Technology), Asian Institute of Technology Thailand.

MS University of Applied Sciences Offenburg, Germany.

B.E (Mecahnical Engineering), UET Lahore, Pakistan.
Current Position
Faculty member at School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National

university of Sciences and Technology.
Profile
He has worked with German Aero Space Center-Stuttgart for one year for the completion of master thesis. He has also
completed the training for conducting the energy audit for buildings and industries from APO Thailand under the banner
of World Bank. A part from this he has also conducted several trainings on solar water heating, solar space heating and
energy efficiency measures in industry and buildings from the platform of the Asian institute of Technology and UNEP. He
is also the author of several research articles in well reputed international energy journals and conferences.
GREEN PAKISTAN
18
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
Dr. Suhail Zaki Fraooqui
PhD (Computational Physics) University of Texas at Austin USA

Post-Doctorate in the field of Wind Energy from the Chalmers University of Technology,
Sweden, 2006.
Current Position
Associate Professor

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pakistan Navy Engineering College (PNEC),

National university of Sciences and Technology (NUST).
Profile
He designed and fabricated and successfully tested several types of Horizontal and Vertical Axis Wind Turbines in the
power range of 300 to 1000 watts along with their electric generators, monitored the wind data collection and analysis
project of the Govt. of Pakistan along the coastal areas of Sindh and Baluchistan, published several popular science articles
and presented his research related to Wind Energy in more than twenty conferences and symposia. Currently, he is the
Principal Investigator of the HEC sponsored project on Off-the-Grid Applications of Doubly-Fed Induction Generators in
Autonomous Wind Power Systems, and is also working on the HEC sponsored 2-Kilowatt Parabolic-Trough Solar-Thermal
Power Pilot Project to study and prove the feasibility and cost effectiveness of small scale solar thermal power plants to
be mounted on roof tops of residential or commercial buildings. He has also developed a solar drier to dry and preserve
food, a solar water purifier and two types of solar cookers. Several of his wind turbines are operating in the premises of
the Pakistan Navy Engineering College, Karachi. Currently, his eight patent applications on different aspects of wind and
solar energy are under process. He has the honor of having received the NUSTs Best University Teacher Award and Gold
Medal for the year 2008.
Prof Zia Ud Din

M.Sc Energy Conversion & Management, University of Applied Sciences, Offenburg,

Germany.
Current Position
Assistant Professor

School of Mechanical And Manufacturing Engineering (SMME). National University of

Sciences and Technology (NUST).
Profile
He has worked on Energy Conversion Techniques for Steam, Gas and Combined Power Plants and Renewable Energy
Conversion Techniques for Solar, Wind, and Fuel Cells. He has also designed and fabricated horizontal axis, variable
pitch, numerically controlled Aero Generator in Coastal Areas of Pakistan. He is a member of the project PAT (Pumps as
Turbines) for small hydro power stations.
Dr. Aftab Sadiq

B.E. (MC Risalpur)

MS, PhD Georgia Institute of Technology, USA
Current
Dean SCEE
Profile
Position
His expertise resides in open channel flow, Scour around bridge abutments in the flood plane.
GREEN PAKISTAN
19
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
Prof Ahmed Sohail

MSc 2001, DU Sweden, MS 2002 DU Sweden
Current Position
Assistant Professor

College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering (EME),

National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST).
Profile
He is currently engaged as National Consultant for Evaluation and Monitoring of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency
Program REEEP-GTZ in Pakistan by AGEG engaged by BMZ Germany. Chief Consultant on Sustainability assessment of ten
MHP sites in Chitral, Gilgit and Skardu to UNDP GEP program PURE implemented by AEDB. Chief Consultant (National)
for Solarization of Beacon House School System. Project financed by USTDA engaged with TTI Washington to execute
the study. Chief consultant to PURE Productive Use of Renewable Energy A UNDP financed project engaged by AEDB &
UNDP jointly. Chief Consultant /Team leader of Baseline Survey on Renewable Energy potential in KPK and Balochistan
conducted by European Union. Potential Evaluator and National Monitoring Consultant/expert in the project of Support
of the project on Ground Water Development by using solar water pumping in FATA Project executed by GTZ REEEP
Program. Appointed by GTZ Germany to evaluate the existing water situation for agricultural purposes in KURRAM Agency
FATA and to find optimum solution based upon Solar PV Pumping. External Consultant of efficient & Environment friendly
brick manufacturing in Pakistan EEBP funded by Swiss Embassy Islamabad. Project Director for Solar Industrial Water
heating system for leather Industry (HEC Funded Project).
Dr. Habib-ur Rehman
B.Sc. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Engineering and Technology

Lahore, Pakistan, in 1990. He received M.S. and Ph.D. degrees, both in electrical

engineering, from the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, in 1995 and 2001 respectively
Current Position
Associate Professor SEECS
Profile
He has a wide experience in the area of power system, power electronics, and motor drives in industry and academia.
From January 1991 to September 1993, and June 1995 to December 1995, he worked as a substation engineer in NESPAK,
Lahore, Pakistan. He was involved in the design, installation, testing, and commissioning of 00 KV substations. From July
1998 to December 1999, he worked as a design engineer in the Ecostar Electric Drives and Ford Research Laboratory,
where he was a member of the Electric, Hybrid, and Fuel Cell vehicles development programs. From 2001 to 2006 he
worked in the department of electrical engineering at the United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al-Ain, U.A.E., as an
Assistant Professor. In 2006, he joined the department of electrical engineering at the American University of Sharjah
where he was working as an Associate Professor. In 2011, he joined NUST school of electrical engineering and computer
science (SEECS) as an associate professor.
Dr. Rehmans primary research interests are in the areas of microprocessor/digital signal processor based adjustablespeed drives and their efficiency optimization, power electronics, alternative energy vehicles and renewable energy
systems. He has authored and co-authored 13 international journal and 33 conference papers
GREEN PAKISTAN
20
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
Mr. Shahid Hussain Ansari
BE/MS Chemical Engineering, UET Lahore
Current Position
Faculty Member SCME-NUST

Profile
Undertaking PhD. Recently completed on job training in Clean Coal Technologies. He has strong interest in reaction
engineering, reactor design, instrumentation and process control and advanced catalysis. He has firm grip on APEN-HYSYS
design software. Mr. Ansari possesses vast experience in IPRS with overseas training.
Mr. Khawar Shah

BS Electrical Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton OH USA.
Current Position
Centre for Energy Systems (CES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST).

Profile
He is involved in manufacturing of solar cells, designing alternate energy solutions for commercial and domestic use. He
has developed five inch solar cell for the first time in Pakistan. This process involves the use of silicon grade wafer. The
problems faced were the doping concentrations, how to adjust them, and how to develop different methods and process
to improve the solar cell efficiency. This involved the removal of edge shorts using plasma etching. He has designed power
solution for telecom tower which involves solar cell panels and hybrid system with different backup time. The system can
support 1kw, 2kw, and 4kw. He has worked on the design and process for manufacturing of power IC for mobile phone.
This device is manufactured on a five inch wafer in high current implanter. This IC is manufactured for the first time in
Pakistan.
GREEN PAKISTAN
21
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
The Role of Corporate Advisory Council

(CAC) and the Energy Sector
NUST is one of the few Pakistani universities to practically
engage in industry collaboration. It has a long-standing
relationship with the Pakistani industry. Much of the
research adopted by the various schools at NUST derives
from the necessity to maintain a high level of skill and
technical R&D capability to fulfill the requirements of
Pakistans industries.
NUST HAS ADOPTED THREE GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR
COLLABORATION WITH INDUSTRY THAT WILL HELP ENSURE
A MUTUALLY BENEFICIAL ARRANGEMENT:
Successful university and industry collaboration should
support the mission of each partner. Any efforts in

conflict with the mission either partner will ultimately
fail.
Industrial practices and national resources should
focus on fostering appropriate long-term partnerships

between the university and industry.
The university and industry should focus on the benefits
to each party that will result form collaborations by

streamlining negotiations to ensure timely conducted
of the research and the development of the research
findings
a. In April 2010, NUST established the CORPORATE

ADVISORY COUNCIL (CAC) on the initiative of
Rector NUST with the objective of developing a
single platform for interacting with the industry.
The CAC has the able guidance of Dr. Akram
Sheikh, Professor Emritus NUST and Advisor NUST.
The design of the CAC is based on the expertise
of various NUST schools, dovetailed with industry
requirements. The CAC encompasses 11 sectors
of the economy, including Automotive, Health &
Pharmaceuticals, Infrastructure, IT & Telecom,
Engineering, Banking & Financial Services, Power
& Energy, Chemical, Defense Technologies,
Intellectual Property, and the Social Sector. This
comprehensive sectoral mapping of the Pakistani
economy and establishment of direct links has
resulted in meaningful and productive partnerships
at various levels with public and private sector
industries.
Through these industry-academia linkages, NUST aims to
fulfill the following objectives:a. Help develop required University-Industry
collaborations for knowledge economy and
technology driven development.
b. Build mutual trust and faith.
c. Build, produce and provide knowledge and
knowledge capital in terms of qualified human
GREEN PAKISTAN
resource.
d. Visible, effective and measurable contribution to
the Pakistani Economy.
e. Help productive employment for NUST Graduates
in Pakistan.
f. Joint studies, projects and R & D (domestic &
global Industries).
g. Encourage domestic and global Industry to invest
in NUST R&D facilities.
h. Help initiate appropriate projects in NUST
Technology Park.
i. Undertake required studies jointly with Industry
to assist government for rapid development &
economic growth.
Each sector is co-chaired by two Senior Executives (one from
NUST and one from the Industry).The Sector Committees
comprise 8-10 members, with representation from the
industry and NUST Academia. This structure has given a
forum to experienced heads from industry and academia
to combine their expertise and thoughts, and to invest time
and effort in R&D critical to the specific sector, nationallevel policy making, resource generation, international
collaborations and entrepreneurship, hence striving to fill
the gap between industry needs and academic research,
and at the same time enabling NUST students to conduct
practical rather than mere academic research.
For the Energy sector, as for each of the other sectors,
the presence of the formal platform called CAC, has
facilitated the identification of specific industry needs, and
development of research projects and programs tailored to
those needs. The industry is heavily involved in the R&D
going on at the NUST schools, making sure that industry
needs are fulfilled, and students receive training that
improves their understanding of the industry, and prepares
them for adding value to the economy as they graduate
and enter the workforce.
NUST develops strategy for parallel development of short
& long term projects with the industry. Its strategy is to
undertake projects in the short-term, showing tangible
results for the industry and solving its immediate problems.
At the same time, it works on longer term projects as per
a road map developed in agreement with the industry
partners.
NUST schools have partnered with the industry for various
short & long-term projects, including, but not limited to,
the following: Carrying out energy audits of industrial units, and
suggesting methods to reduce wastage of gas,
electricity, and fuel, thereby improving efficiency of
industrial units.
Developing cost-effective solutions such as: improving
industrial motor efficiency, installation of variable
control drives, improving boiler efficiency (coupling
with feed water from Solar Water Heaters), efficient
22
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
lighting solutions, efficient air conditioning solutions,

etc.
Developing solutions to address the acute shortage
of energy being faced by industries in Pakistan. The
solutions include:
Development of coal gasification plants and retrofitting
with existing gas engines in industries.
Developing biogas systems from biomass / land fill as
an alternative fuel for industrial power plants and rural
empowerment under waste-to-energy projects.
Adding solar PV to the industrial energy mix.
Developing micro-wind turbines to provide electricity
for industrial applications.
Developing solar water heating systems for use in
specific industries.
Development of new nano-structured materials for
solar energy storage.
Design of power generation systems based on rice
husk, bagasse, etc.
Conducting scientific studies on Bio-Diesel yielding
plants.
Development of a nanocatalyst for Bio-Diesel refining.
This particular invention at NUST promises to vastly
reduce the energy outlay in transesterification and
thus substantially improve the economy of some 20
billion Liters of Biodiesel produced globally.
developed by the School of Mechanical and Manufacturing

Engineering and Energy Centre itself. This program will lead
to an integrated post-graduate program of Energy Systems
involving electrical, mechanical, chemical, materials, and
environment engineering. NUST has recently established
a CENTER FOR ENERGY SYSTEMS (CES) with the same
objective.
Since the scope of the Energy sector projects (both projects
currently being conducted and projects being planned for
the short-long term) is diverse, the customers NUST
can serve also range from textile, telecom, and from
engineering to agriculture.
The institutions that are involved with NUST as part of the
CAC energy committee include public and private sector
organizations in the areas of:
Energy efficiency.
Alternate / renewable energy.
Regulatory and controlling bodies in Pakistans power
sector (NEPRA, OGRA, and ministries).
Policy making institutions.
Power generation and distribution companies.
Oil and gas exploration companies.
Oil refineries and oil marketing companies.
Through the collaborative efforts of the above-mentioned
stakeholders, NUST is striving to develop cost-effective
and sustainable solutions to the energy crisis faced by the
Pakistani industry.
NUST also understands the importance of developing

curriculum in state-of-the-art technologies related
to energy. With collaboration from the industry, the
undergraduate program of Electrical Engineering aims
to offer a Power Engineering program in the short-term
coupled with a renewable energy curriculum recently
Through the collaborative efforts of the above-mentioned

stakeholders, NUST is striving to develop cost-effective
and sustainable solutions to the energy crisis faced by the
Pakistani industry.
Energy Sector CAC Industry Counterparts

S# Name
CAC Role
Designation/
Organization
Mr. Khalid Aslam
Industry
Co-Chair
Director
Projects
Dr. Bilal Khan
NUST Co- Principal CES

Chair
Address
Contact No.
Email
Sapphire
Textile Mills
Ltd
021-32416265,
0333-2372263
, 111000100
khalid.aslam@
khi.sapphire.
com.pk
SCME-NUST
H-12 Sector
Islamabad
0307-5558720,
051-91855100
Principal.ces@
nust.edu.pk
External Members
3
Mr. Faridullah
Khan
Member
MD
National
Energy
Conservation
Center
(ENERCON)
051-9206001
mdenercon@
gmail.com
Mr. Sarwar Saqib
Member
Acting DG
Ministry of
Environment,
ENERCON
051-9206952
chiefenercon@
gmail.conm
GREEN PAKISTAN
23
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
Assistant
Asad: 5101
S# Name
CAC Role
Designation/
Organization
Mr. Pervez Mir
Member
GM Power
Nishat Group 0333-4060709

of Companies
(Textile and
Power)
Mr. Saadat Ali
Member
CEO
Waste to
Energy,
Islamabad
0300-8540195
Mr. Hassan Javed
Member
Senior Vice
President
Kandra
Power,
Petroleum
Exploration
Limited
0302-8453955
hasanjaved@
magic.net.pk
Mr. Muhammad
Ziauddin
Member
CEO- Elan
Partner Pvt
Ltd
Elan Partner
Pvt, Head
Office # 239,
Street # 35,
Sector F-10/1,
Islamabad.
03215033545,
(51) 22910123 +92 (51)
2291017
muhammad.
ziauddin@elan.
com.pk, ceo@
elan.com.pk
Dr. Salman Zakria
Member
CEO- DESCON
, Lhr
042-35805134
Member
Deputy
PSO House,
General
2nd Floor,
Manager- PSO Khyabane-Iqbal,
PSO House
,Clifton,
Karachi
UAN: 111-111776 /
Ext : 256
Dir:92215636434
Fax:92215636433
Mob: 03332115017
Vice President ICI

Polyester
(Akzonobel
Business ICI
Lahore)
056-111100200
10 Mr. S. Nowaid
Anjum Zaidi
11 Suhail A Khan
12 Mr. Habil Ahmed

Khan
Member
13 Dr. Asad Javed
Member
14 Mr. Bakhtiar Wain
Director
OperationsWelt konnect
Address
Welt Konnect, Tel: 051St #8, Agha

2870422, Cell:
Khan Avenue, 0300-5140020
F-5/1,
Islamabad
Pakeges,
Lahore
President
and Chief
Executive
Officer
Avanceon
Limited
GREEN PAKISTAN
Contact No.
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
Assistant
nmlgreige@
nishatmills.com
nawaid.a.zaidi@
psopk.com
Ms.
Neelofar,
02135636434
habil@
Mr Awais
weltkonnect.com Chaudry
03215111777
Office: 042asad.javaid@dic.
35822173, Cell: com.pk
0302-4337749 (Have to mail him)
19-KM Main
042- 3111 940
Multan Road,
Lahore 54660
24
Email
bwain@avanseon.
com
NUST University Industry Portal on Biofuels

Chris J. Willmann*, Qamar Malik*, Mohammad Bilal
Khan**and Ali Bahadar***
*CEO / COO / Director NRG Biofuels Inc., Calgary, Alberta, Canada
**Principal / Director Centre for Energy Systems and Co-Chair Energy Sector Corporate Advisory Council NUST, ***HEC
PhD Scholar,
Business Description
traditionally impoverished third world countries. Jatropha

growth and oil extraction is an established industry; the
challenge has been to make the process cost-effective. The
new transferable technology for the extraction processes
will double the output of Jatropha and Algae oil for
biodiesel and cut processing times in half.
It is at the next step in the process, however, that
technological innovations give the collaborating partners
a significant edge using their patent pending procedures
to extract 85-90 percent of the lipids in the algaean
unprecedented rate of extraction. Another innovation
involves the fast track transesterification procedure that
converts the oil into biodiesel.
This partnership will build a micro algae growth and
processing demonstration plant in Pakistan that will begin
producing oil soon in the foreseeable future.
Working with the Centre for Energy Systems (CES) at

the National University of Sciences and Technology in
Islamabad, NRG Biofuels is developing technology that
will turn the marginally efficient biofuels industry into a
highly profitable enterprise providing social and economic
benefits as well as outstanding investment opportunities.
The case for biofuel is the case for liquid fuel needed in
on-road trucking, long range driving, aviation and marine.
Putting power on the grid does not help in this direction,
a point that was amplified in keynote speeches delivered
by Principal/Director CES at the Network of Academies of
Islamic Countries and International Conference on Energy
Systems Engineering at EME NUST. As fossil fuel reserves
dwindle and prices rise, governments around the world
are requiring oil companies to include a certain percentage
of biofuels in their gasoline and diesel fuel. To meet this
demand, researchers are scrambling to find an economical
and sustainable method of producing biofuels.
The term biofuels is generally associated with ethanol
produced from food crops such as corn, sugar cane, rape
seed/canola and palm oil. These sources of feedstock
remove valuable food crops from the market and take
arable land out of food production. In addition, there are
not enough of these crops to meet rising demands for
biofuels.
Over the past five to ten years, the primary focus of research
has been on using non edible feedstock like jatropha
and algae for biofuels. Algae are found everywhere,
but grow best in areas 30-degrees north or south of the
Equator. Algae feed on CO2 and can be grown in ponds or
bioreactors. Production of biofuels from algae is projected
to increase by 43 percent a year. In 2010, the market value
of micro algae technology was $271 million; by 2015 the
market value of micro algae technology is expected to
be $1.6 billion. Correspondingly the global production
of biodiesel from plant feedstock e.g. jatropha, currently
stands at 100 MT / annum. PSO alone imports diesel to the
tune of 10 MT / annum, according to GoP directive 10 % of
which needs to be replaced with biodiesel by the year 2020,
a saving of $ 1.0 Billion. Jatropha grows well in substandard
soil, is extremely drought tolerant and will produce high
quality yields for a minimum of 40 years. Jatropha fields
can be planted in regions where food crops may not
survive, providing employment and economic stability in
GREEN PAKISTAN
The End Product Bio-diesel

Vial of Bio-fuel Produced in the Lab
25
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
Key Initiatives and Objectives

The first key initiative is the construction and testing of
the pilot project to ensure that the processes will scale up
successfully to commercial production. In order to meet
this initiative local companies will fabricate all necessary
equipment (expellers, extraction gadgets and bioreactors)
for micro algae production based on CES NUST design, build
a demonstration plant, and run the plant to test the ability
of the system to reliably manage the high levels of output
required. An important break through in this direction is
the indigenous design, fabrication and testing of a solarized
photobioreactor that runs on a neutral energy cycle, now
fully functional at NUST.
including the pilot plant) in Pakistan and Africa by the end

of 2014, reaching production of 6,750 barrels of biodiesel a
day.
Market Opportunities
Building on a long and successful association with the

National University of Sciences and Technology in Islamabad,
NRG Biofuels is focusing its initial biofuels production
in Pakistan. Pakistan is ideally suited to this project. The
country urgently needs energy to support the worlds sixth
largest population. Pakistan also has a favourable business
environment, including low development and labour costs,
and a supportive legal, tax and regulatory framework.
English is the official language.
NRG Biofuels is in agreement in principle with Pakistan
State Oil to buy any biofuels produced at world market
prices. There is also a significant opportunity to private
industrialist. As NRG Biofuels will be selling their products
wholesale, their primary focus will be on the government/
state oil providers and large industrial firms. NRG Biofuels
will examine options for sale of their biodiesel to the joint
venture partners who are providing the location and the
CO2 emissions for the micro algae plants.
There are ten countries currently growing Jatropha
commercially; and many more countries where Jatropha
production is in the start-up phase. These growers are all
potential markets for our processing services.
Competitive Advantages
Solarized Airlift Tubular Photo bioreactor in operation

at CES NUST
The primary objective is to reach a commercial production
level of biodiesel from micro algae, and to earn revenues
from providing Jatropha growers with production services
and equipment. NRG will meet these objectives by:

Entering into joint venture agreements with
industrial manufacturers to locate micro algae production
plants on their manufacturing site, with the understanding
that each plant will capture CO2 emissions at the rate of 1.2
million cubic feet per day.

Building 52 micro algae processing plants (not
GREEN PAKISTAN
A key advantage for the improved process is the market.

Pakistan imports most of its diesel fuel and the Pakistan
State Oil company has made a commitment to mixing
10 percent biodiesel into imported diesel by 2020. NRG
Biofuels is targeting smaller countries where the need is
greatest. They are not attempting at this time to compete
with the international oil companies and their subsidiaries
that are looking for solutions for the major markets of
North America and Europe.
There are also competitive advantages of bio fuel
production verses oil and gas. Drilling and successfully
completing a commercial producing oil and gas well is very
high risk. The oil and gas industry has huge environmental
challenges (Gulf of Mexico) before and after drilling
programs. All oil and gas producing wells encounter
decline rates in daily production and reserves. On the
other hand, Biofuels cleans-up the environment when
producing bio fuels. For bio fuel production, there is no
drilling risk, no environmental challenges, and no decline in
daily production and/or company reserves.
Oil in Algae is
contain in millions of
micro cells
26
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
Mission
Biodiesel convertible oil is contained in millions of cells

in micro algae. The challenge is to extract this from the
pouches by commercially viable means. Super critical
fluid manufacturing is a promising route adopted by NRG
Biofuels /
CES NUST. The equipment has been donated by NRG
Biofuels to CES NUST with concomitant scale up to pilot
plant in collaboration with local industry.
We will ensure that biofuels production is a viable

commercial enterprise by focusing on technology for
reducing green house gases and increasing the yield of
biofuels.
Location and Facilities
NRG Biofuels base of operations is currently in Pakistan.

The research arm of the company is Centre for Energy
Systems (CES) at the National University of Sciences and
Technology, (NUST) Islamabad. A Centre for Excellence in
Energy Systems is being established at NUST. Dr. Qamar
Malik has been Foreign Faculty Professor at NUST, and
sits on a CAC committee that assesses all new technology
developed by the University and is heading industrial
research. Academic counterpart is Dr. Mohammed Bilal
Khan, T.I., and galaxy of distinguished researchers from
various institutions of NUST.
Pakistan is ideally suited for this biofuels project. This
Commonwealth member has a local energy deficit
(estimated at $5 billion per year) and the sixth largest
population in the world (expected to reach 208 million by
2020). The official language is English and the legal system
is based on British common law. There is an excellent
fiscal, tax and regulatory environment, and development
costs are between a quarter and a third of those in North
America or Europe. There is also a significant under-utilized
labour market.
We have already developed key relationships with
partners and potential customers in Pakistan.
Marketing Strategy
NRG Biofuels is selling a wholesale product to a very

specific market; the company does not need to engage in
retail level strategies. Their public relations process will
focus on building relationships and developing contracts
with operations such as transport services, as well as with
the oil distributing companies.
Business Overview
Vision and Mission Statements
Vision
The project encompasses a visionary approach to reducing

carbon emissions and using renewable resources to create
biofuels that will set the standards for sustainable biofuels
development, and improve the quality of life for the people
and the communities involved in the production and
processing of our biofuels.
NRG
BIOFUEL PROCESSING:

GREEN PAKISTAN
27
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
Cooperation with Asian and Pacific Centre

for Transfer of Technology (APCTT) for the
Promotion of Renewable Energy Technologies
in Asia-Pacific Region
Dr. Adeel Waqas, School of
Mechanical and Manufacturing
Engineering, represented NUST at the
APCTT forum, Guangzhou China 30
Nov to 01 Dec 2011
APCTT is a regional institution of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP)
servicing the Asia-Pacific region established in 1977 with the objective of facilitating technology transfer in the Asia-Pacific
region. The objectives of the Centre are to assist the members and associate members of ESCAP through strengthening
their capabilities to develop and manage national innovation systems; develop, transfer, adapt and apply technology;
improve the terms of transfer of technology; and identify and promote the development and transfer of technologies
relevant to the region.
Member Countries of APCTT
Following countries are the focal point using the APCTT platform currently in Asia pacific region
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ENERGY SOLUTIONS
Renewable Energy for Rural Application

experiences and deliberate upon possible approaches
and modalities for promoting research and development
(R&D) collaboration in the development of renewable
energy micro-systems for rural applications in Asia pacific
countries. APCTT is currently implementing a project to
establish an institutional cooperation mechanism known
as the Renewable Energy Cooperation-Network for the
Asia Pacific (RECAP). This cooperation mechanism aims at
providing a unique opportunity for member countries in
the network to share information on best practices for RET
selection, adoption, and usage as well as to benchmark best
practices with respect to policies and policy instruments
used by member countries to promote the adoption and
usage of RET.
The main focus of the forum was to explore the possible
ways for enhancing R&D cooperation among institutions
and researchers involved in the development of renewable
energy micro- systems for rural applications of the
member countries. R&D initiatives being undertaken in the
respective country with regard to renewable energy microsystems for rural applications with focus on solar, biomass,
wind and hydro energy systems, including hybrid systems
were also discussed in the forum.
Many rural areas in developing countries, including Pakistan,

do not have grid connectivity. People in these countries also
have limited access to alternate, reliable energy sources for
their livelihood needs as well to meet their entrepreneurial
initiatives. These rural households need energy for cooking,
irrigation for agricultural purposes, processing and storage
of agricultural produce, domestic applications (lighting and
other domestic electrical appliances) and for operating
small-scale production systems. Given this situation, offgrid, stand alone renewable energy micro-systems could
play a key role in meeting energy needs of the people living
in such remote areas.
While many nations have initiated steps to introduce such
micro-systems, experience suggests that their diffusion is
not widespread due to a variety of technical and systemic
issues. Promoting R&D collaboration in developing and
transferring commercially sustainable and viable renewable
energy micro-systems for rural applications could be
a significant step towards achieving energy security,
promoting rural entrepreneurship, and fostering inclusive
and sustainable development in member countries.
A consultative forum for research managers in Guangzhou,
Peoples Republic of China during 30 November to
1 December, 2011was organized by APCTT to share
Potential Collaborating Countries for the

Promotion of Renewable Energy Technologies
in Pakistan
Countries with whom NUST can collaborate for the promotion of Renewable energy technologies in Pakistan using APCTT
platform are explained
1. Thailand
(KAIST) was willing to support in the fields of Distributed

Generation, Smart Grid, Fuel cell Technology, PV
technology and small hydro technology through research
and development. EEWS and KAIST institute of Eco Energy
can collaborate with other countries using APCTT forum for
the Promotion of RETs for rural areas.
Thailand can offer its expertise in the fields of Biomass

gasification, solar dryers, Bio-diesel (Jatropha). Asian
institute of Technology, Thailand (AIT) can be used for policy
and technical assistance especially RETs in the rural areas.
Technical assistance in the fields of Rice husk gasification
also possible.Collaboration with some universities like AIT
and Chiangmai universities is also possible in the respective
fields.
2.
4. Philippines
Philippines can offer Solar desalination and Bio gasification

technologies Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Efficient cooking Stoves, Biogas and biomass gasification,

Micro/Mini hydel can be offered by Sri Lankan government
especially in the rural areas of the Pakistan.
5. Nepal
Nepal will like to offer micro mini and Pico hydel systems
and these are easily available in the country. Water mills
upto 1-3 KW systems can be offered which are indigenously
developed.
3. Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
GREEN PAKISTAN
29
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
6. India
and biodiesel technologies. The university will be ready to

provide trainings in the respective RETs fields and will be
ready to open its labs for the projects as they have big and
modern labs for PV research and development purpose
and can initiate the joint research is also possible.
China can also share its experience and provide technical
assistance for the deployment of RETS in remote and rural
areas.
A high quality research is being conducted at Guangzhou
Institute of Energy Conversion in the field of biogas and bio
diesel.
India has the vast experience of PV system for lighting,

water pumping (irrigation and drinking water) and for
health system in distributed rural areas as well as extreme
remote areas. Indigenous industry for the manufacturing
of PV cells is well established in India and PV modules can
be purchased at very reasonable price compared to the
international market. India will be ready for transfer of
technology of PV modules as different African countries
have benefited from it already. India can also provide
trainings for rural electrification using PV technology and
can share its experience in this regard. The best way will
be that country purchasing the PV system and the training
can be free of charges. APCTT forum can be used to provide
these types of trainings for engineers and technicians.
7.
9. Bangladesh
Solar (PV) home systems and biomass for micro systems

can be provided to other countries. Need financial and
Technical support for micro, mini and pico hydel systems.
Fiji Islands
Conclusions
The country is not much involved and focused in R&D

of RETs for rural applications. And the country is seeking
cooperation for using coconut shells coconut residue for
rural applications. PV technology is also being looked for
lighting application as well as solar dryers.
To conclude, collaboration in the field of Biomass

gasification, Biodiesel, Solar thermal applications, PV
technology, distributed generation and smart grid
technology is possible and is being imitated with respective
countries. The universities like, Asian Institute of Technology,
Thailand, Yunnan University, China, Guangzhou Institute
of Energy Conversion-China and Korea Advanced Institute
of Science and Technology (KAIST) were ready to initiate
the joint research with universities in Pakistan especially
NUST. The APCTT platform can be effectively used for the
promotion of RETs Pakistan and for this the current NUST
Center for Energy System can play a vital role.
8. China
Possible collaborations in the field of Solar Thermal,

biomass and biogas power generation for rural application
(1kW to 20 MW).
Yunnan University (SERI Solar Energy Research Institute)
was ready to support on PV for lighting and water pumping
GREEN PAKISTAN
30
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
NUST Participation in the 4th Asian School on

Solar Electricity for Rural Areas
20th 24th June 2011, Puri Pujangga, UKM Bangi, Selangor,
Malaysia
Prof. Zia-ud-Din of SMME participated
in the esteemed moot on behalf of
NUST & Pakistan

Summary
NUST is committed to become the leading institute in
Pakistan to foster research and educate students and policy
makers on energy issues that are crucial to the future of
Pakistan. NUST especially focuses in the field of energy
conservation and renewable energy technologies. Assistant
Prof. Mr. Zia Ud Din from the School of Mechanical and
Manufacturing Engineering (SMME) participated in a
capacity building workshop on solar energy technologies
for rural areas organized by the Solar Energy Research
Institute (SERI),National University of Malaysia (UKM)
Bangi, Malaysia from 20th to 24th June 2011, with
cooperation of the Islamic Scientific, Education and Cultural
Organization (ISESCO), and the United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
throughout the world. To overcome these global effects,

sustainable, clean and safe energy policies that would
satisfy the energy demand of the twenty first century
have to be implemented. Renewable energy resources
particularly solar should therefore be key energy sources
for the future.
Photovoltaic systems convert solar energy into electricity.
Photovoltaic applications are in building integrated
photovoltaic systems, water pumping, and many other
applications in remote areas where access to electricity
is difficult. Photovoltaic system can be hybrid with other
renewable energy sources such as wind energy. This will
increase the reliability of the system, prolong the operation,
optimize the usage of renewable resources and ensure
economic viability.
Solar energy is expected to become an important
component in the total energy picture in many develop
and developing countries and will play an important
role towards achieving long lasting, sustainable, and
environment friendly renewable energy resources.
Introduction
Solar energy is the world most abundant source of energy.
It is also the most environmentally compatible source of
renewable energy. The amount of solar energy intercepted
by the planet Earth is 170 trillion kW. This represents an
enormous amount of untapped energy at the door step.
Presently, the demand of energy is met by fossil fuels (i.e.
coal, petroleum and natural gas). It is a well known fact
that 8 countries have 81% of all world crude oil reserves,
6 countries have 70% of all natural gas reserves and 8
countries have 89% of all cost reserves. More than half
of Asia, Africa and Latin America import over half of all
their commercial energy. This problem is worsened by the
fact that demand on power generation is continuously
increasing in these countries especially in China and India.
At the current rate of production, the world production of
liquid fossil fuel (petroleum and natural gas) will decline by
the year 2012, transforming the world into a net importer
of liquid fossil fuel.
Moreover, the emission of greenhouse gases arising from
human activities, especially those related to the use of
fossil fuel, open burning in agricultural practices and landuse management have many side effects. Their combustion
products produce pollution, acid rain and global warming.
In fact the last two decades have been the warmest on
record. These resulted in unpredicted weather patterns
GREEN PAKISTAN
Participation of the Workshop
There were total of 20 participants, the officials from

ministries and academia from Malaysia, Indonesia, Islamic
Republic of Pakistan, Islamic Republic of Iran, Republic of
Kazakhstan and Republic of Azerbaijan. Assistant Prof. Zia
Ud Din from NUST, also the representative of Pakistan
presented the potential and its present status of solar
energy in Pakistan especially its application in rural areas.
In addition to the solar energy applications, the experts
from the Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI),UKM Bangi
Malaysia discussed with the participants of the workshop
the following various renewable energy options for rural
applications in their respective countries.
1. Pico Hydro for Rural Applications
Hydropower is one of the sources which can generate

energy, especially in Malaysia and Pakistan, by the flowing
water into a turbine to produce electricity. There are three
types of hydropower discussed in this topic, such as storage
dams (mostly large, > 10 MW), run-of-river (10 kW 25 MW)
31
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
all of the possible system configurations, HOMER displays

a list of feasible systems, sorted by lifecycle cost. Thus, we
can easily find the least cost system at the top of the list.
and pump storage (used for peak power on a grid system)

hydropower systems. However, the size of the hydropower
can be divided into large hydro (> 10MW), small hydro
(< 10 MW), mini hydro (< 1 MW), micro (< 100 kW) and
pico hydro (< 5kW). The advantages and disadvantages
were also discussed. Finally, this lecture introduced the
hydropower to the rural areas using micro and pico hydro
built by UKM in the rural areas in Malaysia. Mr. Zia Ud Din
highlighted the great potential of micro and pico hydro
turbines in northern areas of Pakistan where there is an
estimated potential of 300 MW for micro hydropower. As
of today, only 10 MW of that potential has been tapped.
5. Biomass and Biogas
The paper describes the importance of biomass as a

source of renewable energy. Biomass materials have
greatest potential to be processed as feedstock in bioenergy production or as fuels in combustion, gasification
and pyrolysis systems. It discussed various methods of
preparing the biomass materials. It identified various
applications and focus areas of research and development
in handling and storage of biomass.
2. Wind Energy
A lot of research has been done but only in the last few years
there have been a lot of improvement of renewable energy
based on wind. This is due to the high potential of the wind
to generate power. The advantages of the wind energy are
easy to build, wind factor, this field can create industry and
jobs and has export potential. Finally the feasibility of wind
turbines was discussed with real examples that had been
installed around the world. The coastal areas of Pakistan
were highlighted for the huge potential for wind power.
Conclusion
The forum introduced various technologies and application

of solar and other renewable energy for the rural area
such as PV, wind, hydro power and biomass. HOMER
software was introduced to the participants to design a
more cost effective energy system. Finally, the practical
approach was to enhance the delegates understanding of
the overall process on making solar cells and panels and
their installation, commissioning and maintenance of
Photovoltaic System.
In concluding session of the workshop, Mr. Zia Ud Din
from NUST suggested that the participant countries
must cooperate with each other in renewable energy
technologies to achieve the following objectives:
3. PV as Cottage Industry and Micro

Financing
From this discussion session, participants realized that

photovoltaic (PV) industry is not only for experts, such as
scientist, engineers or researchers rather it is possible for
all. It can be transformed to a cottage industry with a small
capital cost. Malaysian experiment is successful in making
PV as a cottage industry. The process used in the cottage
industry is tabbing and stringing to connect the solar cells,
pre-laminating process, laminating, framing and module
testing. All of these processes become extremely simple
and at a low cost but yet the outcome is as good as the
fully-automated process which required a huge capital
cost. On the last day of seminar, all participants made their
own laminated solar cells.
a. To promote the use of environment friendly

technologies for developing Asian countries
b. To create awareness among policy makers,
academics and professionals among developing
Asian countries on the concept of sustainable
technology such as solar energy
c. To present and transfer the state of the art solar
energy technologies for rural applications
d. To share case studies and design tools for solar
system sizing and costing
e. To introduce micro financing schemes for solar
technologies in Asian countries
f. To expose participants to practical aspects
of photovoltaic system applications in future
workshops
g. To come out with certain doctrines, policies,
memorandum of understandings (MOU) between
the participating countries and get the benefit
from the experiences of each other.
4. Using HOMER Software to Design

PV System
The experts introduced HOMER software that can be used

to design renewable energy systems. This includes the
input, simulation and sensitivity analysis within HOMER.
A simple example on a hybrid system has been presented
including a PV Wind Diesel Hybrid system. Other advanced
features such as fuel cell and hydrogen storage and well as
grid connection has been presented. HOMER is a computer
model that simplifies the task of evaluating design options
for both off-grid and grid -connected power systems for
remote, stand-alone and distributed generation (DG)
applications. HOMERs optimization and sensitivity analysis
algorithms can evaluate the economic and technical
feasibility of a large number of technology options and
to account for variation in technology costs and energy
resource availability. HOMER estimates the lifecycle cost
of the system, accounting for the capital, replacement,
operation and maintenance and fuel costs. After simulating
GREEN PAKISTAN
32
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
Renewable Energy Research at

The Pakistan Navy Engineering College
Dr. Suhail Zaki Farooqui
Faculty of Engineering Sciences
The wind energy research project of PNEC was aimed
at the indigenous designing and fabrication of small
wind turbines according to the local wind conditions in
Pakistan. A number of horizontal and vertical axis wind
turbine concepts have been explored in the power range
of 300 to 1000 watts during these years, despite severe
financial limitations. Wind turbines are highly localized
machines. One wind turbine suitable for a given location
may not operate optimally at another location. Most of the
imported wind turbines are designed at high wind speed
ratings at 1013 meter per second, and therefore do not
operate properly in Pakistan, where we have average wind
speeds in the range of 57 meters per second. This is to be
realized that the power in the wind depends upon the cube
of the wind speed, hence power in the 8 meter per second
wind is only half as compared to the power in the 10 meter
per second wind. Following is a pictorial overview of the
wind turbines developed at PNEC at wind speed ratings of
8 meters per second. Special emphasis is laid on developing
low cost technologies, so that the end product may become
more affordable for the common user in Pakistan.
In view of the recent developments in renewable energy

sector, a wind energy research project was initiated at
PNEC at the beginning of the last decade. Under the
special directives of the President, the government of
Pakistan asked the Pakistan Meteorological Department
(PMD) in 2001, to carry out a three years project of wind
resource assessment in the coastal areas of Pakistan.
The implementation of the project was jointly monitored
by the author of this article and the Director General of
the Pakistan Council of Renewable Energy Technologies
(PCRET). Round the clock wind data was collected at
one hundred feet high purpose built towers at forty five
different locations along the coastal areas of Sindh and
Baluchistan. The digital data was stored in data loggers for
three years. The data was analyzed in 2004 and forty one
thousand megawatt wind power potential was identified
in the Gharo wind corridor alone, near Karachi. One third
of this resource, that is, fourteen thousand megawatt is
technically extractable. Extrapolation of this assessment
indicates at least three times more off shore resource in the
Pakistani territory of the Indian Ocean. For comparison, the
current total energy demand in Pakistan is around fifteen
thousand megawatts. A second phase wind data collection
project at another forty five locations in the Northern areas
of Pakistan is currently underway. The results are expected
by early next year.

Three bladed 500 watt horizontal
axis wind turbine
Three bladed 1000 watt vertical

Three bladed 300 watt horizontal
axis wind turbine with a combination axis wind turbine with PVC blades
of Savonious and Darrius type blades
GREEN PAKISTAN
33
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
The Wind & Solar Research Laboratory was established at

PNEC in 2007 after receiving a grant from HEC for the study
of Doubly-Fed Induction Generators for the production
of constant voltage and frequency power in stand alone
wind turbines. Recently, another grant has been approved
by HEC for the designing and fabrication of a two kilowatt
solar thermal power plant at PNEC. A number of products
have been developed at the laboratory in the field of
solar thermal energy. Here is a pictorial overview of these
products.
2 meter x 1.8 meter experimental Solar Parabolic Trough
developed at PNEC, that heats the 2.3 liters of Heat
Transfer Fluid (HTF) in the central tube to over 300 Co in
less than an hour.
A low cost solar water distillar capable of purifying 4 to 6

liters of water per day has been designed, fabricated and
successfully tested. It is inclined at an angle of 25o to give
the maximum annual output. With dimensions of 3 feet by
4 feet it ideally can be placed over the roof top of any house.
Impure water is filled in the morning and 100% pure water
becomes available in the evening. Water is held in small
steps on treated surface, and gets converted to vapors by
the solar radiation. The vapors then condense on the inside
of the glass surface and slide down onto a channel, which
conveys them to an outlet where they get collected in a
container. It can become an Ideal source of clean water
for small families. Larger sizes may be constructed as per
demand.
An entirely new type of solar cooker with separate Collector
and Cooking chamber have been designed and fabricated
in the Wind & Solar Energy Research Laboratory at PNEC.
The Collector supplies a constant power of 500 watts to the
cooking chamber. This concept is entirely different from the
conventional green house effect based solar cookers, and it
permits frequent interventions during the cooking process
which are not permitted in the conventional solar cookers.
The plain mirrors at the bottom reflect the concentrated
solar power onto the vacuum tube, where oil is heated to
high temperatures like 200-300 Co. The chamber houses
a cooking pot inside it, which contains the stuff to be
cooked. The mirrors at the bottom require solar tracking.
The tracker is operated by a battery. The system is low cost
and practical, because it allows the operator to stay in the
shade, since the collector and cooking chamber may be
separated from each other by a distance.
GREEN PAKISTAN
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ENERGY SOLUTIONS
Academia-Industry Linkages: A Case of College of Electrical

and Mechanical Engineering
Ahmad Sohail, Assistant Professor
College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering has played an exemplary role in establishment of university industry
linkage. Many projects have been undertaken fulfilling the need of the industry and signifying the role academia has to
play for the promise of industry in Pakistan. Following is the brief synopsis of the project undertaken by the author and
his team.
Pakistan First Industrial Solar Water

Heater:
A country with abundance of solar insolence, it was

regrettable that there was no demostratable model for
industry how to benefit from solar energy. Under the
funding of Higher Education Commission, Pakistans first
industrial solar water heater was installed at Saddique
Leather Works Sheikhupura Road Lahore. The system
was capable of heating 30,000 litre of water per day at
80oC. Since 2007, system is working perfectly and saving
tremendous amount of fuel to the industry.
Solar Water Pumping Project
Federally Administrated Tribal Areas (FATA) are known

for their difficult terrain and landscape. Fetching water
for household needs is a daunting task for the females of
the area. Under funding of USAID, solar water pumping
systems were installed at all 6 agencies of the tribal belt.
The installed system fulfils the needs of the resident of the
villages as well as their animals. The systems are working
satisfactorily since 2008.
For far flung areas, where access to grid connected
electricity is not possible, solar off grid system offers
perfect solution. Kharan (Baluchistan) is one such area
where access to electricity is still a dream. With the funding
of Muslim Aid, solar electrification system was installed at
a village in Kharan. The system involved lighting and water
pumping solutions for the households.
Off Grid Solar Electrification
For far flung areas, where access to grid connected

electricity is not possible, solar off grid system offers
perfect solution. Kharan (Baluchistan) is one such area
where access to electricity is still a dream. With the funding
of Muslim Aid, solar electrification system was installed at
a village in Kharan. The system involved lighting and water
pumping solutions for the households.
It is estimated that 1% of electricity in our country is
consumed by public lighting i.e. road lights, street lights
etc. Lighting systems based on Metal Halide technology are
symbols of a by gone era and Light Emitting Diodes (LED)
are the future of lighting industry. With the funding of
Department of Science and Technology KPK, models of LED
road lights were installed in the municipality of Peshawar
and their performance was monitored. The result was a
GREEN PAKISTAN
Energy Efficient Lighting Systems

success resulting in electricity saving of 85% while providing
similar output in light.
35
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
On Grid Solar Photo Voltaic System:
The concept of distributed generation is coming of age

for demand side management of electricity. The ability to
generate electricity on site and feed to the grid through
instruments such as net metering has matured and resulted
in wide spread adoption of on grid renewable adoption.
Under the funding of USTDA, 10KW PV system was installed
at Beaconhouse School System Canal Campus Lahore. The
behaviour of PV system is being studied to develop a
model for on grid PV system. The system is in operation
since August 2011.
Current Undertakings
Energy Auditing Services:
Deploymenet Of Advanced Metering

Infrastructure:
Energy is one of the most important factors of production

cycle and its increasing cost has rendered it very important
to use it intelligently. However it is estimated that in
Pakistan, up to 30% of recoverable energy is lost due to
poor housekeeping. Energy auditing is the method to
identify the loopholes in energy generation and utilization
systems. For that matter, we have conducted energy audits
in textile, leather and steel rerolling sectors to signify the
energy conservation options and develop energy plans for
industries. This is much needed for all industrial as well as
commercial and residential sectors as well. As ENERCON is
soon implementing energy codes, itll become compulsory
to have energy auditing done. Hence it is necessary to
provide critical mass of expertise to meet this need.
Considering energy demand side, the consumers are

interested to get ever greater control over their energy usage
and the application of technology is already meeting this
requirement. Smart metering, e.g., allow utility customers
to take advantage of time-of-use (ToU) pricing that was
formerly available only to large commercial/industrial
users. AMI provides the information about energy usage
(demand) to utilities, consumers and the grid itself. This
enables all parties to make better decisions about reducing
costs and strain on the grid during times of peak demand.
From the technological point of view, AMI provides the
necessary communication and control functions needed
to implement critical energy management services such as
pricing schemes, automated meter reading (AMR), demand
response, and power quality management.
Biogas From Slaughter House Waste:
Establishment of slaughter house in Lahore (Lahore Meat

Processing Complex) to fulfill the local needs of protein and
for export purposes, needs attention is a step in positive
direction. This complex is capable of producing 0.75MW
electricity based on bio gas from bio degradable biodegradable waste of the slaughter. This will also promote
sustainable culture in the city.
Grid Integration Of Renewable Energy

Sources:
The increased share of distributed generation has been

achieved with the fit and forget approach, focusing on
connection rather than integration. In practice, these
energy sources have been connected to the power system
under limits established by planning studies assuming worse
case conditions, limiting their functionality and applying
strict relay settings designed for early unit tripping. With
the current integration approach only energy is displaced
but not capacity because the lack of control mechanisms
restrain any sort of management and conventional units
are still required to provide system services. Therefore,
the overall objective of maintaining and even reinforcing
electric power security has to be accomplished in an
economic optimal way integrating conventional and
non-conventional power plants (controllable and noncontrollable) into the power system operation. To control
the power systems under above situation, the smart grid
have been proposed by integrating ICT, RES, control and
instrumentation.
Smart Distribution Grids:
Climate change, ageing grid infrastructures, reducing

network losses, and new power generation technologies
are driving the need for the traditional power grid to
undergo significant adjustments. To operate the power
systems under new conditions, the smart grid concept
has been proposed by integrating renewable energy
sources, energy storage, demand response, intelligent
instrumentation, self-healing technologies, and information
and communication technology (ICT) for continuous
real-time monitoring, asset management, and control of
electric gird capable of two-way flow of both power and
information. One of the important characteristics of a smart
grid is the interoperability that enables all of the required
devices, technologies, applications, and energy market
players (regulated and deregulated) to interact in order
to efficiently deliver sustainable, economic and secure
electricity supplies. Smart grid is an evolution towards an
optimized and sustainable energy system which is more
intelligent, efficient, reliable, and it has positive influence
on climate change.
GREEN PAKISTAN
Conclusion:
We as academia in indebted by of our nation to play our

role by presenting remedies to the issues our country
face. We at college of E&ME doing our bit in the spirit of
bring academia at the forefront of development drive for
Pakistan and intent to continue on this path.
36
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
Energy and Environment

Prof. Dr. Ashfaque A Khan: NBS, NUST
Dr. Ishtiaq A. Qazi: IESE, NUST
Energy, being an important factor of production, is essential for improving the quality of human life as well as for
economic activities. To sustain higher economic growth,
the country needs reliable, uninterrupted, and affordable
supply of energy. The per capita consumption of energy is
viewed as an important indicator of economic development
of any country. Countries with higher Human Development
Index (HDI) have higher per capita energy consumption.
The world is facing a daunting task to meet the growing
energy demand which is likely to double in the next twenty
years. Pakistan is among the list of developing countries
where the need to address the issue of energy demand
is the greatest. Pakistans energy demand is projected to
reach 129 million tones of oil equivalent (TOE) in the next
15 years. Ensuring the availability of useable and affordable
energy is the cornerstone of Pakistans current and future
development strategy.
In recent years, the energy demand has increased sharply
in Pakistan owing mainly to strong economic growth and
the attendant rise in per capita income. The supply of energy has, however, remained far too short to match growing demand because the existing energy resources could
not be sufficiently explored and exploited. Consequently,
the energy supplied remained deficient to offset the growing demand of domestic, industrial, commercial and power
generation needs. Despite being a high priority agenda
item, the development in energy sector has remained lessthan-satisfactory for a variety of reasons including financial constraints, unprecedented surge in oil prices, high
risk endeavours, low interest of private sector, inadequate
institutional framework, heavy costs and complex character of hydrocarbon development. To address the issue of
demand-supply gap, the government is working on many
fronts, including the import of electricity and gas from Iran,
utilization of 185 billion reserves of coal, development of
small and large hydro projects, promotion of efficient use
of energy, and acceleration of current programs of alternative energy development.
Energy sector in Pakistan comprises sources like electricity,
gas, petroleum, nuclear and coal. There has been a consistent change in the energy consumption mix in Pakistan
over the past decade or so. The shares of gas and coal increased to 40.3 percent and 13.7 percent respectively since
1996-97; coal consumption has witnessed a 7.7 percentage
points increase in its share during the same period. On the
other hand, the share of oil consumption has declined to
29.3 percent from 48 percent; while the share of electricity consumption has remained flat during the period (15
percent). The change in energy consumption mix is partly
attributed to the availability of indigenous energies such
as gas and coal and partly to the unprecedented surge in
global oil prices.
Primary energy supply has increased by 51 percent since
1998-99 to 62.9 million TOE in 2007-08. The per capita
availability of primary energy has increased by 26 percent
during the period. As stated earlier, the demand has outstripped the supply of energy and as such the economic
activity has been adversely affected over the last two years.
GREEN PAKISTAN
Unless the gap between the demand and supply is bridged,

Pakistans economic activity will remain hostage to energy
constraints.
Despite its critical importance to economic development
energy sector has remained under researched. The issues
such as bridging the gap between supply and demand for
energy; forecasting the supply and demand, conserving
energy to address the issue in the short-run; addressing
the augmentation of supply of energy, the role of prices
in changing the consumption mix of energy; looking for
alternate sources of energy; developing generation capacity through alternate energy like wind and solar technologies, biodiesel, bio-gas and small hydro projects; enhancing
the efficiency of the use of energy; and determining the
potential of an energy through nuclear technology, needs
thorough research for which there exists no proper institutional mechanism. The Centre for Energy and Environment
will be the proper institution to undertake policy-oriented
research and provide regular policy inputs to the government.
Energy and environment are closely linked with each other. Presently, around four-fifths of the energy used in the
world is based on fossil fuels. Burning these fuels releases
emissions which cause air pollution, infrastructure damage,
human disease and climate change. These problems are
manifested, at a local level through the fogs; at a regional
level through the acid rain; and, at a global level through
the rise in average world temperature as a consequence of
the green-house effect. In fact, global climate protection is
the supreme environmental challenge that mankind is now
facing. Solution to this problem lies in the transformation
of the present energy system through:
a.
Reduction in the use of fossil energy
b.
Energy Conservation, and
c.
Substantial development of new renewable energy sources.
As the population of this planet rises from the current 6
billion to an estimated 7.5 billion by 2025, and as the large
population centers in Asia, Africa and South America enhance their industrial base, the demand for energy and
stress on the environment will reach unprecedented levels. Unless developing and industrialized countries start
to collaborate now to anticipate potential problems and
to search for solutions, the future generations will face a
world where it may be too late to reverse trends towards
more scarcity of energy resources and greater stress on the
environment.
While the industrialized countries are starting to address
some of the current and anticipated problems, they cannot succeed without close collaborations with countries
like Pakistan that are struggling to eradicate poverty and
illiteracy so that these countries are able to develop their
industrial base, in a sustainable manner, without posing
any serious threat to the global environment. It is in the
interest of all of us on this planet to work together to preserve the quality of life for future generations, regardless of
where they make their home.
37
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
NUST Institution Wise Specific Activities Programs, Research

Areas and Degree Courses Offered in the Energy Sector.
School/Department
Activity/Projects
Energy Related
Courses
Programs
Research Areas
School of Mechanical Establishment of

and Manufacturing
Research Labs for
Engineering (SMME). Renewable Energy
Systems Engineering.
Seminars on Energy
Efficient Buildings.
Participation in Shell
Eco Marathon Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia.
Solar Energy
Solar Water Heating
Solar Home
Electrification
Solar Pumping
Biodiesel Conversion
Plant.
Solar Energy Systems

Renewable Energy
Hydrogen / Fuel Cell
Technology
Power Plants
Energy Conversion
Power Electronics
Power Engineering
Electro-Mechanical
Systems
Oil and Natural Gas
Economics
Pakistan Naval
Engineering College
(PNEC).
Projects related to
Solar, Wind and Ocean
Energy.
25 Seminars on Wind &
Solar Energy.
Wind Data Collection
Activity along the
coastal Areas of Sindh
& Baluchistan.
Designed & fabricated
six different types of
wind turbines (3001000 W).
Development
of Indigenous
technology for low
cost manufacture
of wind and solar
energy applications
equipment
Wind Energy
Solar Energy
Ocean Energy
Renewable Energy
(B.E Level)
School of Chemical
and Materials
Engineering(SCME)/
Centre for Energy
Systems (CES)
Biodiesel Production
Initiative.
Established and Patented
Biodiesel Technology.
Establishment of Pilot
Plant Continuous
Biodiesel Setup Facilities.
Development of Biofuel
Engineering and Algae
Energy Lab.
Stimulated growth
of Algae Species in
Photobioreaactors.
Super Critical Extraction
Lab.
Indigenous Fabrication
of composites wind mill
rotors according to NACA
profile.
Interface Engineering to
produce Stouter Filament
Wound Casing Gas
Storage Cylinders. for Gas
Compression in Bioenergy
sector (Patent Number
.140917).
Pilot Scale Setups of

Continuous Biodiesel
production.
Super Critical Fluid
Extraction Facility.
Algae biomass
Cultivation in Photo
Bioreactors.
MoU with NRG
Biofuels Canada
for Pilot Scale
Investigation of
Jatropha Crop
Cultivation and
Setting up of pilot
scale production
facility.
Melinda Gates
Foundation Grant for
Investigation/setting
up Pilot Scale Biogas
Pilot Unit.
Clean Coal
Technologies; FT
Synthesis
Thin Films
Biofuel Engineering
Advanced Biofuel
Technology
Biomass Conversion
Process
Innovative Extraction
and Separation Tools
Renewable Energy
Energy Systems
Engineering
Nano Catalysis
Plant Design and
Characterization
Interface Engineering
for fabrication of
filament wound
structures to serve
gas compression
needs in the
Bioenergy and syn
gas sectors.
Chemical Kinetics
Reaction engineering
and Reactor Design
Transport
Phenomena
Environmental
Engineering
Gas Engineering
Fuel and Combustion
Nano Materials
Combustion and
Propulsion
Gas Cleaning Unit for

Syn Gas.
GREEN PAKISTAN
38
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
Energy Related
Courses
School/Department
Activity/Projects
Programs
Research Areas
College of Electrical
and Mechanical
Engineering (EME)
Solar Industrial hybrid

water heating system.
Solar Water Pumping
Project for deprived
communities of FATA
funded by US AID.
Installation of solar PV
Hybrid System.
Installation of street
lights.
Evaluation/monitoring
of Renewable Energy
and energy efficiency
Program (BMZ
Germany).
Baseline Survey on
renewable Energy
potential in KPK and
Balochistan.
WINROCK USA
funded project for
Kharan Balochistan:
Installation and
provision of solar
electrical lighting.
Designing/Fabrication
and Optimization
of bio gasifier and
biodiesel conversion
units.
Design of 25 kw
power system based
of CPC technology
using Solar Energy.
Identification of
Waste Heat Recovery
potential at thermal
Power station of AES.
Solar Thermal.
PV wind hybrid
systems.
Absorption based
solar cooling.
Geothermal
applications for
Heating & Cooling.
Biodiesel extraction
and Plant design.
Bio gas Digester
design development
BIOMASS Gasifier
Research Centre
for Modeling and
Simulation (RCMS).
Indigenous
Development of 1 KW
Wind Turbine.
External Flow Analysis
of Trucks.
Indigenous
Development of 5 KW
Wind Turbines.
Research projects in
Wind Energy.
Modeling and
the energy sector at
Solar Energy.
Simulation of Energy
this school of NUST
Fuel and Combustion. systems
primarily reside in the
domain of computer
modeling and
simulation.
College of
Aeronautical
Engineering (CAE)
Energy efficient
lighting using solar PV
technology.
Study and design
a small scale
solar-powered
thermoelectric system.
Detailed aerodynamics
design and fabrication
of wind turbine,
blades.
Feasibility study
for conversion of a
gasoline engine into
an ethanol engine
and compare the
performance results.
Analysis of HBLED
technology.
Analysis of DC & AC
drivers for HBLED.
Analysis of solar PV
technology.
Efficient solar lighting
system development
& analysis.
GREEN PAKISTAN
39
Solar (PV)
Wind Turbines
Run of River/Hydel
energy production.
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
Energy Resources
&Management.
Sustainable Systems
Engineering.
Power Electronics
Microelectronics
Circuits & systems
Energy Related Courses offered at NUST

Course name
Department
Program w/in
Dept.
Undergrad/grad
Compulsory/
elective
Credit hrs
Engineering Geology
Military College
of Engineering
Civil Engineering
Undergrad
Compulsory
3--0
Hydrology and Water

Management
Military College
of Engineering
Civil Engineering
Undergrad
Compulsory
1.5-0.5
Public Health
Engineering
Military College
of Engineering
Civil Engineering
Undergrad
Compulsory
2--1
Irrigation Engineering
Military College
of Engineering
Civil Engineering
Undergrad
Compulsory
2--0
Design And Construction

of Earthen Dams
Military College
of Engineering
Civil Engineering
Undergrad
Elective
3--0
Open Channel Flow
Military College
of Engineering
Civil Engineering
Undergrad
Elective
3--0
River Engineering
Military College
of Engineering
Civil Engineering
Undergrad
Elective
3--0
Environment
Management & Impact
Assessment
Military College
of Engineering
Civil Engineering
Undergrad
Elective
3--0
Power Electronics
NUST CE & ME
Electrical
Engineering
Undergrad
Compulsory
3--1
Power Engineering
NUST CE & ME
Electrical
Engineering
Undergrad
Compulsory
3--0
Electric Machine Drives
NUST CE & ME
Electrical
Engineering
Undergrad
Compulsory
3--1
Hydro Acoustics and

Sonar Theory
NUST CE & ME
Electrical
Engineering
Undergrad
Compulsory
3--0
Thin Film Processing
NUST CE & ME
Electrical
Engineering
Grad
Compulsory
3--0
Thin Film
Characterization
NUST CE & ME
Electrical
Engineering
Grad
Compulsory
3--0
Thermofluid Lab-1
NUST CE & ME
Mechanical
Engineering
Undergrad
Compulsory
0--1
Thermofluid Lab-2
NUST CE & ME
Mechanical
Engineering
Undergrad
Compulsory
0--1
Thermofluid Lab-3
NUST CE & ME
Mechanical
Engineering
Undergrad
Compulsory
0-1
Combustion in Engine
NUST CE & ME
Mechanical
Engineering
Undergrad
Elective
3--0
Electrical Machines
NUST CE & ME
Mechanical
Engineering
Undergrad
Elective
3--0
Energy Conversion and

Power Electronics
NUST CE & ME
Mechanical
Engineering
Undergrad
Elective
3--0
Energy Resources &

Utilization
NUST CE & ME
Mechanical
Engineering
Undergrad
Elective
3--0
Gas Turbines
NUST CE & ME
Mechanical
Engineering
Undergrad
Elective
3--0
Hydrogen/ Fuel Cell

Technology
NUST CE & ME
Mechanical
Engineering
Undergrad
Elective
3--0
GREEN PAKISTAN
40
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
Course name
Department
Program w/in
Dept.
Undergrad/grad
Compulsory/
elective
Credit hrs
Internal Combustion
Engine
NUST CE & ME
Mechanical
Engineering
Undergrad
Elective
3--0
Introduction to Oil and

Natural Gas Engineering
NUST CE & ME
Mechanical
Engineering
Undergrad
Elective
3--0
Oil and Gas Economics

and Management
NUST CE & ME
Mechanical
Engineering
Undergrad
Elective
3--0
Power Generation and

Distribution
NUST CE & ME
Mechanical
Engineering
Undergrad
Elective
3--0
Power Plant Engineering
NUST CE & ME
Mechanical
Engineering
Undergrad
Elective
3--0
Power System Analysis
NUST CE & ME
Mechanical
Engineering
Undergrad
Elective
3--0
Renewable Energy
technologies
NUST CE & ME
Mechanical
Engineering
Undergrad
Elective
3--0
Solar Energy Systems
NUST CE & ME
Mechanical
Engineering
Undergrad
Elective
3--0
Advanced Mechanics of
Materials
NUST CE & ME
Mechanical
Engineering
Grad
Compulsory
3--0
Coating Technology
NUST CE & ME
Mechanical
Engineering
Grad
Compulsory
3--0
Form Synthesis &

applied stress Analysis of
Machinery
NUST CE & ME
Mechanical
Engineering
Grad
Compulsory
3--0
Mechanics of Fibre reinforced Composites
NUST CE & ME
Mechanical
Engineering
Grad
Compulsory
3--0
Thermo fluids
NUST CE & ME
Mechatronics
Engineering
Grad
Compulsory
3--0
Electro-Mechanical
Systems
NUST CE & ME
Mechatronics
Engineering
Undergrad
Compulsory
3--0
Design of Machine
Elements
NUST CE & ME
Mechatronics
Engineering
Undergrad
Compulsory
3--0
Industrial Electronics
NUST CE & ME
Mechatronics
Engineering
Undergrad
Compulsory
3--0
Combustion in Fuel Cell

Systems
NUST CE & ME
Mechatronics
Engineering
Grad
Compulsory
3--0
Fuel cell fundamentals

and technology
NUST CE & ME
Mechatronics
Engineering
Grad
Compulsory
3--0
Bio-Inspired Systeems
NUST CE & ME
Mechatronics
Engineering
Grad
Compulsory
3--0
Energy Resources
Management
NUST CE & ME
Engineering
Management
Grad
Compulsory
3--0
Waste Management
NUST CE & ME
Engineering
Management
Grad
Compulsory
3--0
Power Distribution and

Utilisation
Pakistan Navy
Engineering
College
Electrical
Engineering
Undergrad
Compulsory
3--0
Power System Analysis
Pakistan Navy
Engineering
College
Electrical
Engineering
Undergrad
Compulsory
3--0
GREEN PAKISTAN
41
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
Course name
Department
Program w/in
Dept.
Undergrad/grad
Compulsory/
elective
Credit hrs
Power Transmission
Pakistan Navy
Engineering
College
Electrical
Engineering
Undergrad
Compulsory
3--0
Power Electronics
Pakistan Navy
Engineering
College
Electrical
Engineering
Undergrad
Compulsory
3--0
Power System Protection
Pakistan Navy
Engineering
College
Electrical
Engineering
Undergrad
Compulsory
3--0
Machine Design and

Equipment Training
Pakistan Navy
Engineering
College
Electrical
Engineering
Undergrad
Elective
3--1
Power System Operation

and Control
Pakistan Navy
Engineering
College
Electrical
Engineering
Undergrad
Elective
2--0
Power Generation
Pakistan Navy
Engineering
College
Electrical
Engineering
Undergrad
Elective
2--0
Power Electronics
Pakistan Navy
Engineering
College
Electronis
Engineering
Undergrad
Compulsory
3--1
Electrical Machines
Pakistan Navy
Engineering
College
Electronis
engineering
Undergrad
Compulsory
3--1
Advanced Control
systems
Pakistan Navy
Engineering
College
Electronis
engineering
Undergrad
Elective
3--1
Hydro Acoustics and

Sonar Theory
Pakistan Navy
Engineering
College
Electronis
engineering
Undergrad
Elective
3--0
Advanced Power
Electronics
Pakistan Navy
Engineering
College
Electronics
Engineering
Grad
Compulsory
3--0
Fluid Mechanics II
Pakistan Navy
Engineering
College
Mechanical
Engineering
undergrad
Compulsory
0--1
Theory of Machines
Pakistan Navy
Engineering
College
Mechanical
Engineering
undergrad
Compulsory
3--0
Automotive Driveline
Engineering
Pakistan Navy
Engineering
College
Mechanical
Engineering
undergrad
Elective
3--0
Gas dynamics
Pakistan Navy
Engineering
College
Mechanical
Engineering
undergrad
Elective
3--0
Hydrogen / Fuel Cell

Technology
Pakistan Navy
Engineering
College
Mechanical
Engineering
undergrad
Elective
3--0
Sustainable Energy
systems
Pakistan Navy
Engineering
College
Mechanical
Engineering
Grad
Compulsory
3--0
Advanced Turbo
Machinery
Pakistan Navy
Engineering
College
Mechanical
Engineering
Grad
Compulsory
3--0
GREEN PAKISTAN
42
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
Course name
Department
Program w/in
Dept.
Undergrad/grad
Compulsory/
elective
Credit hrs
Thermal system design
Pakistan Navy
Engineering
College
Mechanical
Engineering
Grad
Compulsory
3--0
Surface engineering
Pakistan Navy
Engineering
College
Manufacturing
engineering
Grad
Compulsory
3--0
Advanced coating
Technology
Pakistan Navy
Engineering
College
Manufacturing
engineering
Grad
Compulsory
3--0
Transport Phenomenon
School of
Chemical and
Materials
engineering
Chemical
Engineering
Undergrad
Compulsory
3--0
Simultaneous Heat &

Master Transfer
School of
Chemical and
Materials
engineering
Chemical
Engineering
Undergrad
Compulsory
3--0
Simultaneous Heat &

Master Transfer Lab
School of
Chemical and
Materials
engineering
Chemical
Engineering
Undergrad
Compulsory
0--1
Instruementation &
Process Control
School of
Chemical and
Materials
engineering
Chemical
Engineering
Undergrad
Compulsory
3--0
Chemical Reaction
Engineering
School of
Chemical and
Materials
engineering
Chemical
Engineering
Undergrad
Compulsory
3--0
Fuel & Combustion
School of
Chemical and
Materials
engineering
Chemical
Engineering
Undergrad
Compulsory
0--1
Fuel & Combuston Lab
School of
Chemical and
Materials
engineering
Chemical
Engineering
Undergrad
Compulsory
0--1
Chemical Process Design

& Simulation
School of
Chemical and
Materials
engineering
Chemical
Engineering
Undergrad
Compulsory
3--0
Composite Materials
School of
Chemical and
Materials
engineering
Materials
Engineering
Grad
Compulsory
3--0
Nano-materials
School of
Chemical and
Materials
engineering
Materials
Engineering
Grad
Compulsory
3--0
Energetic
Materials
Grad
Compulsory
3--0
Combustion & Propulsion School of

Chemical and
Materials
engineering
GREEN PAKISTAN
43
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
Course name
Department
Program w/in
Dept.
Undergrad/grad
Compulsory/
elective
Credit hrs
Advanced Fuel
technology
School of
Chemical and
Materials
engineering
Energetic
Materials
Grad
Compulsory
3--0
Interface engineering
School of
Chemical and
Materials
engineering
Energetic
Materials
Grad
Compulsory
3--0
Surface Engineering and

Characterization
School of
Chemical and
Materials
engineering
Materials
Engineering
Grad
Compulsory
3--0
Advanced Surface
Coatings
School of
Chemical and
Materials
engineering
Materials
Engineering
Grad
Compulsory
3--0
Electronics and Magnetic School of

Materials
Chemical and
Materials
engineering
Materials
Engineering
Grad
Compulsory
3--0
Materials for high

School of
temperature Applications Chemical and
Materials
engineering
Materials
Engineering
Grad
Compulsory
3--0
Coastal Engineering
School of
Civil and
Environmental
Engineering
Structural
Engineering
Grad
Compulsory
3--0
Advanced Geo Techical

Design
School of
Civil and
Environmental
Engineering
Structural
Engineering
Grad
Compulsory
3--0
Geotechnical Site
Investigation
School of
Civil and
Environmental
Engineering
Structural
Engineering
Grad
Compulsory
3--0
Advanced Soil Mechanics School of

Civil and
Environmental
Engineering
Structural
Engineering
Grad
Compulsory
3--0
Earth Structures
School of
Civil and
Environmental
Engineering
Structural
Engineering
Grad
Elective
3--0
Design And Construction

of Earthen Dams
School of
Civil and
Environmental
Engineering
Structural
Engineering
Grad
Compulsory
3--0
Water supply
and Wastewater
Engineeering
School of
Civil and
Environmental
Engineering
Construction
Engineering and
Management
Grad
Elective
3--0
Water Resources,
economics, Planning and
Management
School of
Civil and
Environmental
Engineering
Construction
Engineering and
Management
Grad
Compulsory
3--0
GREEN PAKISTAN
44
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
Course name
Department
Program w/in
Dept.
Undergrad/grad
Compulsory/
elective
Credit hrs
Advanced Open Channel

Hydraulics
School of
Civil and
Environmental
Engineering
Water Resource
Engineering &
Management
Grad
Compulsory
3--0
Apllied Hydrology
School of
Civil and
Environmental
Engineering
Water Resource
Engineering &
Management
Grad
Compulsory
3--0
Ground Water Hydrology
School of
Civil and
Environmental
Engineering
Water Resource
Engineering &
Management
Grad
Elective
3--0
Hydropower Engineering
School of
Civil and
Environmental
Engineering
Water Resource
Engineering &
Management
Grad
Elective
3--0
Water shed Management School of

Civil and
Environmental
Engineering
Water Resource
Engineering &
Management
Grad
Elective
3--0
Solid waste Management School of

Civil and
Environmental
Engineering
Water Resource
Engineering &
Management
Grad
Elective
3--0
Engineering Hydrology
Institute of
Environmental
Science &
engineering
Environmental
engineering
Undergrad
Compulsory
3--0
Priniciples of water and

waste water treatment
Institute of
Environmental
Science &
engineering
Environmental
engineering
Undergrad
Compulsory
3--0
Water pollution Control
Institute of
Environmental
Science &
engineering
Environmental
engineering
Undergrad
Compulsory
3--0
Environmental Health &

safety
Institute of
Environmental
Science &
engineering
Environmental
engineering
Undergrad
Compulsory
3--0
Cleaner Production
Techniques
Institute of
Environmental
Science &
engineering
Environmental
engineering
Undergrad
Compulsory
3--0
Environmental Chemistry Institute of

and Microbiology
Environmental
Science &
engineering
Environmental
engineering
Grad
Compulsory
3--1
Unit Processes
in Environmental
Engineering
Institute of
Environmental
Science &
engineering
Environmental
engineering
Grad
Compulsory
3--0
Industrial and Hazordous Institute of

Waste Management
Environmental
Science &
engineering
Environmental
engineering
Grad
Elective
3--0
GREEN PAKISTAN
45
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
Course name
Department
Program w/in
Dept.
Undergrad/grad
Compulsory/
elective
Credit hrs
Environmental
biotechnology
Institute of
Environmental
Science &
engineering
Environmental
engineering
Grad
Elective
3--0
Environmental
Laboratory
Institute of
Environmental
Science &
engineering
Environmental
engineering
Grad
Compulsory
2--0
Environmental policy &

Governance
Institute of
Environmental
Science &
engineering
Environmental
Science
Grad
Elective
3--0
Environmental Ethics
Institute of
Environmental
Science &
engineering
Environmental
Science
Grad
Elective
2--0
Cleaner Production
Technology
Institute of
Environmental
Science &
engineering
Environmental
Science
Grad
Compulsory
3--0
Energy Policies
NUST Business
School
Public Policy
Research Centre
Grad
Elective
3--0
GREEN PAKISTAN
46
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
NUST Headquarters
National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST),

Sector H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan.
NUST UAN:
+92-51-111-11-6878
E-Mail:
info@nust.edu.pk
Website: www.nust.edu.pk
GREEN PAKISTAN
47
ENERGY SOLUTIONS
NUST Identity
The NUST emblem is a reinterpretation of the old logo. It retains the essence of the previous
insignia, and breathes new life into its meaning.
The Book of Knowledge lights up the darkness, through the Vine of Wisdom which bears
the two moons and stars facing towards the East and the West, symbolising the diversity of
disciplines and the fruit of knowledge.
The Rising Sun brings change, hope and enlightenment. It emanates inspiration and from the
light of knowledge, four birds take wing from the nests of light, and spread out to the four
corners of the world, symbolising the quest for spiritual gratification through knowledge and
wisdom.
The NUST Blue is a colour that represents the future. It carries all the characteristics of the
colour blue, like dignity, grace, freshness, professionalism, prudence and resolve.
Centre for Energy Systems (CES)

National University of Sciences and Technology
H -12 islamabad
www.ces.nust.edu.pk
Tel: +92 51 908 55100
Mob: 0307 555 8720

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Iss

Centre for Energy Systems

National University of Sciences and Technology

(QS UK, 2010)

NUST last year

The remaining students

(CDC Survey 2009)

UNIVERSITIES OF THE WORLD

Faculty to Student Ratio

NUST Participation in the 4th Asian

Renewable Energy Research at

Green Energy Incentives and

The Role of Corporate Advisory

Energy and Environment...............37

Energy Sector CAC Industry Counterparts........................................23

NUST Institution Wise Specific

NUST University Industry Portal

Energy Related Courses offered at

Cooperation with Asian and Pacific

NUST Access Map........................47

NUST launched the Centre for Energy Systems (CES) early

It is a pleasure to learn that CES is publishing the Energy

Engineer Muhammad Asghar

The Inaugural issue of NUST energy magazine Green

related to energy. These outfits have published 50 papers

Dr. Mohammad Bilal Khan, T.I.

Energy Makes the World Go Round

circumvent the storage problem, by making use of energy

profound, positive impact on humanity, but only if they are

successful energy systems that have to step up and accept

JCW, December 2011

Participating NUST Schools

CES (CTL / Biofuels)

Various outfits associated with the Centre have published

Salient Research Projects:

Renewable technology in the form of solar energy is

being implemented in the SMME building on NUST

electricity with excess energy harvested and stored

To study and design a small scale solar-powered

FRP composite based Rotor Wind-Mill mounted at

This project envisions the extension of existing

photobioreactors on campus to operate in neutral

energy efficiency Program (BMZ Germany).

Designed & fabricated six different types of wind

Prof. Kendra V. Sharp

Professor of Mechanical Engineering

Key responsibilities at COMPS

Dr. Saud A. Gutub

Prof. Dr. Shi-Zhong Li

Director of the US-Sino Joint Center for Biofuel

Participation in project proposal

Task/Responsibility in project proposal

Work package 1 Dirk Banemann

Coordinator Frank Scholwin

Vice President Polyester Business

Mr. Bakhtiar Wain

President and Chief Executive Officer

Dr. Zeeshan Nawaz

Dr. Mohammad Saeed Khan Jadoon

ASEAN Jakarta, Indonesia, 2009

Green Energy Incentives and Pitfalls

Another potentially fruitful area which needs attention

The bottom line is that Micro scale hydropower production