1.i Energy Audit & Benchmark - Bldgs - ASEAN

The Energy conservation Center Japan
APEC Workshop on Sustainable Energy Development in the Built Environment
Energy Audit and Benchmarking Among

g
ASEAN Countries in Buildings
(Achievement of PROMEEC (Promotion of Energy Efficiency and
Conservation)-Building Project)
April
p 14,, 2009
Yoshitaka USHIO
The Energy Conservation Center
1
Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Introduction
PROMEEC Project for ASEAN Countries
EE&C Benchmark for Buildings
Energy Management Tool for Buildings in Process
Benchmarking
Conclusion
1.1 Worlds structural Change

g in Energy
gy Consumption
p
The World energy demand is rapidly expanding, mainly in Asia. Energy
demand in Asia will double in 2030 compared to current level.
7,000
oil equivalentmillion t.
Asia
Annual % in
increase
6,000
04-30
5 000
5,000
4,000
World
1.7%
Asia
2.8%
NA
1 0%
1.0%
North America
3,000
OECD EU
2,000
Non OECD EU
Latin America
Middle East
Africa
Oceania
1,000
0
1971
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
2030
Source : IEE Japan AsiaWorld Energy Outlook
ASIA
1.2 Energy Demand in Asia

Asian Primary Energy Demand by Region
2004
3.1billion toe.
2030
6.2 billion toe

CHINA
2004
1 4billion toe
1.4
2030
2.9 billion toe
7000
oil
equivalent million tone
6000
Consumption of primary energy in Asia
5000
16%
4000
3000
12%
S Korea
Japan
9%
China
46%
17%
1000
45%
0.36 billion toe
2030
6%
7%
2000
INDIA
2004
India
0
1971
1980
1990
2004
2010
2020
1.0 billion toe

Source : IEE Japan AsiaWorld Energy Outlook 2006
2030
1.3 Energy Conservation Efforts of Japan after Oil Crises

Japan improved the energy efficiency by 37% in last 30 years after the oil crises in the
1970s as a result of active activities made by both public and private sectors.
Japanese primary energy consumption per GDP is the lowest in the world owing to
various
i
energy conservation
i measures taken
k ffor the
h respective
i sectors.
Energy use per real GDP of Japan
Primary
energy supply per GDP unit of each country (2005)
Index
(Japan=1.0)
1.6
1.5
Approx. 37%
improvemen
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1
(Source) Total Energy Statistics by

ANRE
2005
Fiscal
Year
2000
3.0

1995
3.2

1990
86
8.6
6.0
1985
3.1
1980
2.4
1975
2.0
1970
1.9
1965
1.0
0.8
7.9
6.0
0.9
17.4
19.0
18.0
17.0
16.0
15.0
14.0
13.0
12.0
11.0
10 0
10.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
1.7
7
2
(Oil converted kilo ton/1 billion yen)

10
5
5
* Calculated according to IEA statistics

Index of each country making Japan 1, based on the value dividing primary energy consumption
by GDP
1.4 Japan's International Cooperation in Energy Conservation

Capacity Building
Japan supports the capacity building of Asian countries in the energy conservation field by
dispatching experts and accepting trainees.
Dispatch of experts (from 1980)
Acceptance of trainees (from
1981)
The experts provide information and

lectures on Japan's energy-saving
technology legal system,
technology,
system etc.
etc
(Thailand, Malaysia, China, Indonesia, the
The trainees learn Japan's energy-saving

efforts and visit energy-saving facilities, etc.
(Thailand, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, the
Philippines, etc., for a total of 63 projects)
Philippines, etc.,for a total of 96 projects)
2. PROMEEC Project for ASEAN Countries

2 1 Outline of PROMEEC (Promotion for Energy Efficiency and Conservation) Project
2.1
Started in the year 2000

Three sub-projects
sub projects namely:
PROMEEC Major Industries
PROMEEC Buildings
gy Management
g
((launched 2004))
PROMEEC Energy
Jointly implemented by the Energy Conservation Center of Japan (ECCJ) for METI and
Japan Government and the ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE) for ASEAN in cooperation
with EE&C-SSN
Activities
1). Establishment of a standardized evaluation criteria for energy

conservation (buildings and major industries);
2) Development of energy management dissemination tools such as the technical directory
2).
and the in-house database
3). Introduction and dissemination of energy conservation technologies and best practices
through national and regional workshops
4). Awarding of model buildings that demonstrate energy savings and best practices; and
5). Providing recommendations to improve energy management and thus reduce energy
consumption (buildings & industries).
PROMEEC Project
Achievement & Key Direction
ECCJ
Enhanced Support by Japanese
Technology &
Experience of Japan
Transfer from Japan to ASEAN
Successful Completion
Learning through
thro gh Assistance
Phase-1 : Completed (FY 2000- 2004)
Transfer of Technology /Experience
Japanese
Expertise
Creative Activities
For Localization
Phase-2 : Stabilized Practice & Building

g Sustainable Basis (2004-2008-)
(
)
Interaction between ASEAN and JAPAN
Phase - 3 : Matured Independent
p
Practice by
y ASEAN (2008
(
- ??))
Interaction between ASEAN (Minimized Assistance from JAPAN)
To Pha
T
ase-3
Implement by Self Effort

Sharing Experience
Evaluation to Find
W Forward
Way
F
d !!
2000--2008 Activity
2000
Phase 1
2000, 2001 : Energy Audit
2002, 2003 :
(1) Energy Audit on a basis of OJT
(2) Workshops
- Introduction of technologies and experience for EE&C realized in Japanese
buildings
- Explanation and discussion of result of energy audits
Phase 2
2004: Indonesia, Cambodia, Thailand and Philippines
2005: Myanmar, Malaysia, Lao PDR and VietnamHanoi)
2006: Brunei Darussalam, Philippines, Vietnam (HCMC)
2007:Cambodia, Indonesia, Singapore (only Seminar/Workshop)
2008:Philippines, Lao PDR, Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia

(1) Energy Audit / Follow
Follow-up
up Survey on a basis of OJT
(2) Seminar-Workshops
- Introduction of technologies and experience for EE&C realized in Japanese
buildings
p
and discussion of result of energy
gy audits
- Explanation
- Presentation of EE&C best Practices in ASEAN Countries
- Development of In-House database
- Development of EE&C Technical Directories
PROMEEC-Building
Seminar/Workshop
p in Malaysia
y Kuala
(Nov
( Lumpur 13,
, 2008))
MALAYSIA
8.30
9.00
9.00
9.10
Registration
Welcome Remarks by the Host Country
9.10
9.20
Opening Statement
Mr. Nguyen Manh Hung
9.20
9.30
Opening Statement
Mr. Yoshitaka Ushio
9.30
10.00
10.00
10.20
10.20
10.40
11.10
11.30
11.30
12.00
12.00
12.30
12.30
13.30
13.30
14.00
14.00
14.30
14.30
15.00
15.00
15.15
15.45
15.15
15.45
15.50
15.50
16.10
16.10
16.20
Updates on the Development of Technical Directory
16:20
16:35
Updates on the Development of In-House Data Base and EM Cyber Search

System
16.35
16.45
16.45
17:00
Ministry of Energy, Water and Communications
Executive Director, ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE)
10.40
11.10
General Manager, Energy Conservation Centre, Japan (ECCJ)

Photo Session and Coffee Break
Session 1: Policies, Programs and Initiatives on EE&C
Overview of ASEAN EE&C Programs
ACE
Overview of EE&C in Buildings in Malaysia
Mr. Ahmad Zairin Ismail, PTM
Japans Energy Conservation Policy and Measures for Buildings
Mr. Yoshitaka Ushio, General Manager, ECCJ
Japans Experiences for EE&C in Buildings
Mr. Shinji Kosaka, Expert, ECCJ
Building Energy Benchmarking Programme
Mr Hishamudin Ibrahim,
Mr.
Ibrahim PTM
Q&A
Lunch
SESSION 2: EE&C Best Practices in Buildings
Presentation on EE & C Best Practices of Buildings
Mr. Goh Mia Siang Tan Tock Seng Hospital Singapore
Mr. Laurence Tan Republic Polytechnic of Singapore
Mr. I Nyoman Popo Priyatna Danes - Ubud Hanging Garden
Coffee Break
Presentation on EE & C Best Practices of Buildings (ASEAN Speaker)
Q & A Session
SESSION 3 : THE WAY FORWARD
Advance Measures & Technology for EE&C for Buildings in Japan
Mr Hiromi Ishida,
Mr.
Ishida Expert,
Expert ECCJ
ACE
ACE
Q & A Session
Closing Remarks:
Mr Ahmad Zairin Ismail,
Acting Chief Executive Officer, Pusat Tenaga Malaysia
10
Seminar-Workshop
N
Number
b off th
the Participants
P ti i
t in
i Phase
Ph
2
Country
IN
CA
TH
PH
MM
ML
LP
VN
BR
PH
VN
Y
Year
(FY)
2004
2004
2004
2004
2005
2005
2005
2005
2006
2006
2006
Number of Participants
81
60
45
88
69
138
64
47
60
60
85
No. of Presentation by
H tC
Host
Countries
ti
Other ASEAN
ECCJ & ACE
Country
CA
IN
SN
PH
LP
BR
ML
YearFY
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
Number of Participants
60
66
22
64
36
54
118
Host Countries
Other ASEAN
ECCJ & ACE
1217
for last 5 years
11
2.2 Energy Audit Activities in PROMEE-Building

Local Activity Program
12
Photos of the Building Energy Audit in 2008

The local activities were Implemented in Philippines, Lao PDR, Brunei and Malaysia in 2008
PhilippinesSite audit Cooling Tower
Malaysiameasurement at site Room temp.,

humidity, Co2 concentration., etc.)
Lao PDR.Discussion on the

results of the analysis
Brunei Data Analysis
13
Number of the Participants of the Audit

2005
MM
ML
2006
LP
VN
BR
PH
VN
FS-1
FS-2
EA-1
EA=1
EA-2
EA-1
FS-1
FS-1
EA-2
EA-1
EA-2
EA-1
EA-2
Host
Country
y
15
15
13
10
16
20
11
10
15
14
ECCJ &
ACE
2008
Cambodia
Indonesia
Philippines
Lao PDR
Brunei
Malaysia
EA-1
EA-2
EA-1
EA-2
EA
FS
EA
FS
EA
FS
EA
FS
Host
Country
10
14
10
13
10
11
12
10
ECCJ &
ACE
M
Many
trainees
t i
participated
ti i t d in
i all
ll the
th OJT activities.
ti iti
14
Results of Energy Audits in PROMEEC-Building
Previous Activities : Follow-up

p Survey
y and Energy
gy Audit
Brunei CambodiaIndonesiaLao PRD Malaysia MyanmarPhilippines
SingaporeThailand Vietnam
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
HT-1
Energy Audit
OF-1
OF 1
OF-1
Phase
OF 1
OF-1
OF-1
HT-1
HT-1, OF-1
HT-1
HT-1
Energy Audit
HT-1
Follow-up
HT-1
OF-1
HT-1
OF-1
OF-1
HT-2
Energy Audit
OF-1
OF-1
HT-1
Follow-up
HT-1
OF-1, HT-1
Energy Audit
OF-1
Follow-up
HT-1
OF-2
Phase
MK-1, HS-1
Site visit
2007
Energy Audit
2008
Energy Audit
SC-1
OF-1
OF-1
OF-1
Follow-up
p
OF-1
HT-1
OF-1
OF-1
HT 1 MK
HT-1,
MK-1
1 MK-1,
MK 1 HS
HS-1
1
Follow-up
Note 1: Abbreviation : OF: Office, HT: Hotel, HS: Hospital, MK: Market
Note 2: Number of the buildings which have been audited before: total 31
(14 Offices, 11 Hotels, 2 Hospital, 3 Markets and one School)
15
Results of Energy Audit Activities
2. Energy
Consumption
3. Energy
Intensity (GFAPFA)
Average
7,111m2
to
199,928m2
48,637m2
829MWh
to
56 391MWh
56,391MWh
8,192MWh
87.5kWh/m2/yr
to
366.5kWh/m2/yr
195.8kWh/
m2.yr
Sample Number: 31 Buildings (Complexes)
Energy Intensity of the Buildings

Energy Audit in PROMEEC-Building
Numbber of Builddings
1. Scale of the
buildings
(GFA)
Range
10
8
6
4
2
0
<100 150 200 250 300 350
200 250 300 3150
Energy Intensity (GFL-PFA)
Average: 195.8 STDV:72.4

Building Energy Intensity (Building Energy Efficiency Index) (BEI) : EE&C Indicator (Benchmark)
Annual Energy Consumption/ Building Floor Area (kWh/m2)
Various definitions of Building Floor Area (Gross, air conditioned, excluding parking floor, etc)
Normali ation by
Normalization
b occupancy
occ panc ratio,
ratio operation hours,
ho rs etc.
etc
16
Floor area and Energy Consumption

25,000
y = 0.2391x - 775.18
2
R = 0.8839
20,000
15,000
Hotel
Office
(Hotel)
(Office)
y = 0.1383x + 1495.8
2
R = 0.6856
10,000
5,000
0
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
Office
Number of Buildings
GFL
Energy
Intensity
(GFL-PFL)
200,000
Hotel
14
11
Range
2 663m2 - 156,249m2
2,663m2
156 249m2
7 111m2 40,000m2
7,111m2
40 000m2
Average
57,857m2
25,356m2
Range
87.5kWh/m2/yr
366 5kWh/m2/yr
366.5kWh/m2/yr
91.7kWh/m2/yr 316 7kWh/m2/yr

316.7kWh/m2/yr
Average
178.6kWh/m2/yr
190.0kWh/m2/yr
17
The Energy Audit Results in PROMEEC

Energy Consumption Structure and Energy Efficiency Index (EEI)
Office (Average)
ASEAN
Others
19%
Lighting
Li
hti &
outlets
30%
13
ASEAN
Offices
Japan (Reference)
Heat
Source
38%
Heat
Handling
13%
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Others
15%
Heat Source
Heat Handling
Lighting &
outlets
Others
Lighting &
outlets
42%
Heat
Handling
12%
177
68
Heat
Source
31%
186
ASEAN
Japan
79
58
53
33 27
22 22
H
Heat
Source
S
H
Heat
Handling
H dli
Lighting
Li
hi &
outlets
Oh
Others
BEI
EEI
18
The Energy Audit Results in PROMEEC

Energy Consumption Structure and Energy Efficiency Index (EEI)
Hotel (Average)
ASEAN
Japan (Reference)
H
Heat
Source
S
18%
18%
Heat Handling
36%
38%
Hot water &
St
Steam
Lighting &
outlets
Others
16%
8%
20%
23%
12%
11%
350
297
7 Hotels
kWh/m2/yr
300
250
200
200
150
100
ASEAN
Japan
107
77
68
39 33
50
17
36
35
32
53
0
Heat
Source
Heat
Hot water Lighting &
Handling & Steam outlets
Others
BEI
EEI
19
Energy
gy Audit :Recommendations for Improvement
p
Item
Results
Recommendation Items
1. Number of the
recommendation items
2-8
1.Room temperature setting
20%
2 Air conditioning
2.
42%
2. Estimated energy saving

per each building
40MWh
4,207MWh
Average: 647MWh
3. Estimated energy saving

rate per each building (%)
1% - 27%
Average: 9.2%
Saving by energy management such

as data collection and analysis,
enhancement of awareness for EE&C
is not included.
Operation of chillers and AHU
13%
Inverter (VSD) installation
11%
CHWT and CWT control
8%
New equipment & system
8%
Outdoor air intake control
2%
3. Lighting
9%
4. Hot water supply
5%
5. Transformer
3%
6. Co-generation system
14%
7. Others
7%
100%
20
Example 1 : Recommendations
C li T
Cooling
Tower
Office Building with shopping mall.
EEI=366.5kWh/m2/yr
COWT: In 36 Out 40
21
Example 1 :Recommendations
Cooling water temperature and the efficiency of the chiller
Cooling water temperature in the cooling tower
20
32
24
36
28
10%
120
P ow er Inpu
ut (%)
100
80
CT-1
CT-2
CT-3
Cooling water in
37
3637
37
Cooling water
out
34
3637
32
33
60
Outside Air Temperature and humidity on the roof
40
20
Temperature
0
20%
40%
60%
80%
C hilling U nit C apasity (%)
RH
(DB)
100%
Temperature
WB)
Sep 2 11:50
33 4
33.4
50%
25 5
25.5
Sep 2 12:00
32.4
61%
25.8
22
The office building
Energy Consumption Structure & Air conditioning System
Office Building
EEI=232.1kWh/m2/yr
AHU
3rdFL
Outdoor air intake
damper Close
2ndFL
1stFL
Return air
Return air diffuser

Ceiling Plenum
Supply air
Office Rm
Under floor Plenum
GFL
Supply air diffuser
Under floor plenum air-conditioning system
23

1st Floor
Supply air Temp.
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
Supply air Temperature 1st Floor

19.6
20
M
Measurement
poit
i N
No.
North
South
117(18)
15(16)
13(14)
20.7
18
19.8
16 17.7
18
Av
e.
16
17
14
15
13
12
11
9
10
Temperat
ure(
20.6
18.6
22
Tem
mperature(
Room Temp.
Supply air Temp.

Large Room Temperature
Difference between the
locations

23.8
21.9

23.9
30
Temperat
ure(
21.9 18.6
20 23.4
10
22.8
19.8
0
1(2)
20 6
20.6
30
North
South
2(3)
( )
3(4)
Temperatu
re(
20
22.4
10
19.6
0
(8)
21.1
North
South
9(10)
11(12)
24
PROMEEC-Building
Follow up Survey
Follow-up
A udit
done
Follow up done
Im provem ent
(%)
T hailand
O ffice
2000
2004
27.0
C am bbodi
dia
H otel
l
2001
2004
24 0
24.
P hilippines
O ffice
2001
2004
11.0
V ietnam
H otel
2002
2005
4.0
M yanm ar
O ffice
2002
2005
2.0
M yanm ar
H otel
2002
2005
-3.0
B runei
H otel
2003
2006
14.5
M alaysia
O ffice
2005
2008
-5.5
Lao P D R
H otel
2005
2008
11.0
P hilippines
O ffice
2006
2008
7.3
B runei
O ffice
2006
2008
33.0
T otal
8%/year improving
1,400,000
P ow
w e r Conw um ption
n
(kW h/Y)
T ype of
B uildings
C ountry
20 05 y= 10 0%
20 07 y=6
6 7%
1,200,000
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
200 000
200,000
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
Ye a r
2004
2005
2006
2007
The energy efficiency has improved by

33% in 2007 compared with 2005.
The energy management has much
improved (data collection
improved.
collection, maintenances
maintenances,
etc.)
The room temperature setting is raised
to 24 from 22
Implementation of the recommendations
in 2006: 60%
11.4
25
2. 3 What have been found in the audits

(1) Lack of Information and Data
Following information is not accurate or not available
Floor Area (Gross, AC, Parking, Lettable, etc.)
Energy Consumption
C
((Hourly, Daily, Monthly):
) Equipment Detail (C
(Capacity, Number, etc.))
Other information such as occupation ratio, operation hours, etc.
Building Energy Intensity (BEI) is also not accurate.
Energy Data
1.Acculate GFL is not

available
Number
of
Buildings
9
160,000
3. GFL and Parking Area

available
2004
2005
120,000
2006
80,000
40,000
2000
2001
0
5
13
17
21
25
29
33
37
41
45
49
53
57
61
65
69
73
77
Month
One day energy consumption variation data

MSB1
2003
2002
2. GFA available
4. All necessary
Information available
200,000
MSB2
ASB1
ASB2
800
700
Electric Con
nsumptiom(kWh)
Gategories
Power Consumption
n (kWh/M)
Floor Area
600
500
E nerg yc ons ervation

C hec kP oint
400
300
200
100
0
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 0
22008/11/4
22008/11/5
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
26
(2) Room Temperature Setting (Too Low)

Most of the ASEAN buildings set their room temperature around 22 to 24 .
Decreasing setting temperature by 1
1, the energy consumption for AC will be
reduced by 5 to 10%. BEI varies according to the setting room temperature.
Example: Measured Data
Lumens (LX)
450-500
25
15:00
14:57
14:54
14:51
14:48
14:45
14:42
14:39
L ttemperature
Low
t
att the
th rooms (EDL 3F)
14:36
20
750-1,000
Toilet (W/lamp)
22
14:33
59
14:30
21
1,500-1,800
Stair
26
24
500-750
300-1,050
Stair corridor
60
14:27
Meeting rm
22
28
14:24
1150
57
14:21
400
Small Ofc (lamp on)
54
23
14:18
Large Ofc (lamp off)
24
Recorded by Ondotori
30
14:15
600
70
14:12
Large Ofc (lamp on)
32
22
14:09
Lecture rm (Students)
EDL Building survey
14:06
500
30 SEP, 2008
34
58
14:03
400-500
Lecture rm (empty)
(degree Celsius)
14:00
Library-feading are
Small Ofc (partial/off)
Temp.(
500
Temterrature
Usage
Library-common
73
Note: Measure on 6th November
27
(3) Higher Energy Consumption in Air conditioning

Share of the Air Conditioning is high in the total energy consumption. The energy
consumption is affected by the outdoor temperature and the performance of building
envelope BEI is affected by weather
envelope.
weather.
Electriccity Consuumption
(M
MWh/mon th)
200
2003
2005
2008
150
y = 7.4279x - 66.885
(2003) R 2 = 0.4894
y = 7.4149x - 104.33
(2005) R 2 = 0.6993
100
50
y = 6.9814x - 103.25
(2008) R 2 = 0.7748
0
20
22
24
26
28
30
Outdoor Temperature()
Hotel in Lao PDR

28
((4)) Occupancy
p
y Ratio and Operation
p
Hours
Operation Hours
Occupancy ratio and Operation Hours of

each
hB
Building
ildi affect
ff t on the
th Energy
E
Consumption but difficult to incorporate
their effect to the BEI (Benchmark)
Total Electric (2008year)

SAT11/8)
Electric poweer kW
400
300
200
100
4 4 % base e le ctric c on sumption
1,700
23:48:59
22:33:59
21:18:59
20:03:59
18:48:59
17:33:59
16:18:59
15:03:59
13:48:59
12:33:59
11:18:59
8:48:59
10:03:59
7:33:59
6:18:59
5:03:59
3:48:59
2:33:59
0:03:59
1,800
1:18:59
1,900
Chiller water (Building & From DCP)

SAT(11/8)
( / ) BUILDING
SUN(11/9) FROM DCP
1 600
1,600
25
1,400
20
Chilled water (kkW/min)
1,500
1,300
y = 2037.9x - 158.56
2
R = 0.6979
23:08:55
22:08:55
21:08:55
20:08:55
19:08:55
18:08:55
17:08:55
16:08:55
15:08:55
14:08:55
13:08:55
12:08:55
11:08:55
9:08:55
10:08:55
Occupancy ratio
8:08:55
7:08:55
6:08:55
100%
5:08:55
90%
4:08:55
80%
3:08:55
70%
0%
SUN(11/9)
( / ) BUILDING
MON(11/10) FROM DCP
10
2:08:55
1,100
SAT(11/8)
( / ) FROM DCP
MON(11/10) BUILDING
15
1:08:55
1,200
0:08:55
Electric
c Cons. MWH/
/month
MON(11/10)
500
Occupancy Ratio
1,000
60%
SUN(11/9)
600
29
3. EE&C Benchmark for buildings

3 1 Three Functions and the Standards of the EE&C in buildings in Japan
3.1
Performance Benchmarking:
Factors related to architectural
planning, construction methods
and materials,
materials such as shape of
the building, layout of rooms,
materials and structures of parts
facing exterior space (e.g.
external walls, roofs and
windows)
i d
)
Performance Standards (PAL)
Benchmark for Implementation of policy and

Standards for EE&C
Outdoor climate
Condition
Equipment
Design
Architectural
Design
Energy
S i
Saving
Factors related to the

characteristics and performances
of the system components such
as efficiency of various machines
that constitute the building
equipment
i
t system
t
Performance Standards (CEC)
Specification Standards*
Specification Standards*
To be emphasize
CEC: Coefficient of Energy Consumption
PAL: Perimeter Annual Load by
b PROMEEC Control &
Activities
Management Process Benchmarking:
Benchmark for Operation for EE&C
* The Specification
Standards allow to be
applied for the buildings of
less than 5,000 square
meters in gross floor area
Factors related to how to

operate, control and manage
the building equipment
system
SourceArchitecture for a Sustainable Future 2005 IBEC)
Judging Standards
30
3. 2 Benchmark and In-house Database

The performance
Th
f
benchmark
b
h
k off each
h group off buildings
b ildi
which
hi h iis used
d as standards
d d ffor
evaluate the level of EE&C of the building is useful indicator for promotion and dissemination
of EE&C. However, without the accurate data to clarify the EE&C position of the building,
even though the performance benchmark is available, EE&C is impossible to be
i l
implemented.
t d IIn order
d tto promote
t and
d disseminate
di
i t EE&C I ASEAN,
ASEAN
1. In-house database of the individual buildings should be established.
2. Based on the In-house database, the achievable EE&C target for each building determined
according to the characteristics of the building, Process Benchmark, should be the key
indicator to implement EE&C in the building.
Smaller EEI
Top Level
Performance Benchmark (Best Practice of
Each Group of Buildings)
Average
Process Benchmark (The Best
Practice of Each Building)
Improvement
[Kaizen]
Present Position
(In-house Database)
Energy Efficiency Index

(EEI)
31
4. Promotion of Energy Management Tool for

Process Benchmarking
Energy Management Tool:
Computer simulation (ESUM/ECCJ )
T i Manual
Tuning
M
l
The results of the
simulation based
on energy audit
(kWh/m2/y)
Implementation of EC
measures
Energy Management Tool
PDCA (Plan, Do, Check and Action)

Data Collection and Analysis
g EE&C Target
g (Simulation
(
Setting
for EE&C) Plan
Implementation of the plan Do
Data collection for confirm the
resultsCheck
In house
In-house
Database
Process
Benchmark
Energy Audit
Computer Simulation
(ESUM/ECCJ)
Tuning Manual
Action for further improvement

Action
Actual Energy Intensity
(MJ/m2/y)
32
4.1 Building Energy Simulation Tool (ESUM)

The Energy Specific Unit Management tool (ESUM) can calculate
whole energy of the various building types ,an office, a commercial
building, a hospital and a hotel
The
Th tool
t l models
d l building
b ildi shape,
h
scale,
l ffacilities,
iliti
usage, operating
ti
status and calculates in detail the energy consumption of the air
air-conditioning under the actual weather.
(1) Air Conditioning Energy
Theoretical Calculation Compliant with
HASP/ACLD, BECS
(2) Energy Other than Air Conditioning
Statistics analysis based on the database built up
by the investigation by Energy Conservation
Center
Ventilation, lighting and plug sockets, elevators,
water supply and drainage, cooling at restaurants,
other motive energy, special energy consumption,
freezing and refrigeration in commercial buildings,
hot water supply and medical disinfection steam at
hospitals, hot water supply and cooling at hotels,
and so on
HASP : Heating, Air
ir--conditioning and Sanitary engineering Program
BECS : Building Energy Consumption Simulator
Free download http:www.eccj.or.jp/adult/esumt2/index.html
33
Energy Specific Unit (Energy Intensity) Management Tool

Input Data of the System (ESUM/ECCJ)
Control Tool PC
Architectural Data
Actual Weather Data
Input
Temperature, Humidity,
Amount of Solar
Radiation, Wind Direction,
Wind Velocity
(Data of Meteorological
Agency)
Planar Shape,
O i t ti
Orientation,
Dimensions,
Glass, Blinds
Compare
Facility Data
Number, Capacity, and
Temperature of Air
Conditioners, Heat
Sources, Lights, Plug
Sockets Water Heaters
Sockets,
Heaters,
and Ventilators
Energy Consumption
Track Record Data
I
Input
t
Input
Building Use
Circumstantial
Ci
t ti l D
Data
t
Monthly, For Each

Type of Energy,
p
Consumption
Track Record
Hours used
No. of In-office
Persons
And so on
34
ENERGY CONSUMPTION STRUCTURE

Breakdown of Annual Primary Energy Consumption
Cooking Gas
Cooling
g Electric Power
0.2%
0.3%
Medical Equipment Electric Power

3.4%
Water Supply and Drainage, ELV, Others,
Restaurants Transformation Loss
1.9%
7.3%
Heat Source Equipment

38 7%
38.7%
Cooking Steam
0.7%
Washing Steam
0 7%
0.7%
Medical
Disinfection
3.7%
Steam
Hot Water Supply Facility
5.7%
Ventilation Facility
1.9%
Lighting, Plug Sockets

13.1%
Air Conditioning Equipment

19.0%
Pumps
3.4%
Annual Energy Consumption
84,289 GJ/Year
3.376 MJ/m2-Year
35
Sample EE&C Measures Assessable by Tool

Measure
Architectural Information
Item
Shielding of the sunshine
Indoor Load
Heat insulation
Eased setting
Air Conditioning
Equipment
Reduced operating hours of air conditioning equipment
Energy Conservation Method

Change glasses
With or without blinds
Cracks
Change the outer wall heat insulation thickness.
Change the indoor set temperature, etc.
Reduce the operating hours.
Reduced lighting density
Reduce the number of lights by introducing higher-efficiency lighting.
Reduced heat generation of office automation

equipment
Reduce the office automation equipment.
Changed equipment operation schedule

Changed manpower schedule
Air conditioning method
Turn off the power during lunch time.

Consider the number of actual users.
Change the air conditioning system.
Reduce an outer air intake rate.
Control an air flow rate.
Control a flow rate.
Blow off temperature difference
Minimum air flow rate ratio
Minimum flow rate ratio
Change the coil water temperature difference.
Change the operation mode.
Total heat exchanger
Total heat exchanger efficiency
Cooling with outer air
Cut off the outer air
air.
Control a flow rate.
Control the number of units.
Change the heat source equipment.
Change the COP.
Control the number of units.
Water feed temperature
Use the Hf type fluorescent lamps.
Turn off the power during lunch time.
Control lighting.
Reduce the ventilation facility operating hours.
Change the set hot water temperature
temperature.
Change the hot water supply equipment.
Equipment efficiency
Operation control
Reduced load
Secondary Pump
Reduced transportation power
Heat Source Equipment
Efficient equipment operation
Lighting, Plug Sockets
Reduced lighting load
Ventilation Facility
Hot Water Supply Facility
Minimized power
Reduced hot water supply load
36
MEASURE: FULLY INTRODUCING THE AIR CONDITIONERS

(AHU) with TOTAL HEAT EXCHANGERS (ENTIRE BUILDING)
Case-1
_KCRC060713_2005
(GJ)
16,035
1,809
1,024
2 834
2,834
5,824
1,022
6,846
25,714
11,016
1,626
ELV Tr
ELVTr
Case-1
(MJ/m2 )
Case-1
6,458
1,680
8,138
8,138
DHC
11,053
6,568
17,621
17,621
4,808
3,150
549
587
288
146
2,840
1,004
6 177
6,177
48,523
1,943.8
16,035
1,809
1,024
2 834
2,834
23,335
9,270
32,605
51,474
11,016
1,626
4,808
3,150
549
587
288
146
2,840
1,627
6 177
6,177
84,289
16,035
1,631
987
2 618
2,618
5,190
1,000
6,190
24,843
11,016
1,626
26,716
362.5 1,070.2
4,108
1,249
5,357
5,357
DHC
16,035
1,631
987
2 618
2,618
19,730
8,778
28,508
47,161
11,016
1,626
4,808
3,150
549
587
288
146
2,840
1,627
6 175
6,175
79,974
-4,315
3,203.7
-172.9
10,432
6,530
16,961
16,961
4,808
3,150
549
587
288
146
2,840
1,004
6 175
6,175
47,649
-874
3,376.5 1,908.8
-35.0
624
9,050
Case-2
_KCRC060713_2005
624
6,268 26,056
-2,782
-660
251.1 1,043.8
-111.4
-26.4
CASE1:Before Application
CASE2: After Application of Air
Total HEAT EXCHANGERS for
Outdoor air intake
-5.12 %
Annual
primary energy consumption source unit
Annual primary energy

consumption source unit
H t source equipment
Heat
i
t
Air-conditioner
(MJ/m2)
(MJ/
2)
4,000.0
3,500.0
Pump
Light outlet
3,000.0
Ventilating equipment
2,000.0
1,500.0
Case-1
CASE1
Gas
2,000.0
1,500.0
E Power
1,000.0
500.0
Total
0 0
0.0
Oil
2 500 0
2,500.0
Restaurants
Water supply, drainage, ELV and others,

ELVTr
Tr loss
500.0
DHC
3,000.0
Medical electricity
1,000.0
Oil
Gas
Gas
3,500.0
Hot water apparatus
Medical steam
Cooking steam
Cooking gas
Cooking electricity
2,500.0
Electricity
(MJ/m2)
4,000.0
0 0
0.0
Case-1
CASE1
Case-2
CASE2
Case-2
CASE2
37
COMPARISON OF EFFECTS OF ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Measure Item
Unit Energy Consumption

(MJ/m2-year)
Reduction
(MJ/m2-year)
Year 2005 (Original)

Year 2003 (Cold Summer)
Air Conditioning Temp
Temp. +/+/ 1
Outer Air Reduced by 10 %
Outer Air Reduced by 20%
Air Conditioning Time Reduced by 2 Hours
High-efficiency Lighting Hf
AHU Total heat Exchangers Introduced
AHU VAV Introduced
Central Ward High-performance Turbo
3376.5
3336.8
3334 2
3334.2
3343.1
3298.8
3308.3
3286.4
3203.7
3030.2
3024.0
0.0
39.7
42 3
42.3
33.4
77.7
68.2
90.1
172.8
346.3
352.5
Reduced Unit
Energy
Consumption
0.00%
1.18%
1 25%
1.25%
0.99%
2.30%
2.02%
2.67%
5.12%
10.26%
10.44%
0.0
1.7
1 8
1.8
1.4
3.3
2.9
3.8
7.2
14.5
14.8
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
12. 0%
Energy Consumption intensity Reduction (%)
1 0. 2 6%
10. 44%
10. 0%
8. 0%
6. 0%
5. 1 2%
4. 0%
2. 67%
2 . 30 %
2. 0%
1. 18%
1. 25%
2 . 0 2%
0. 99%
0. 0%
38
4.2 EE&C Tuning for Buildings

Mannual of EE&C Tuning for Buildings
<Design & Construction Stage>
<Operation Stage>
The Contractors
Control
< Safety Side >
The Owners Control and

Management
g
for EE&C
EE&C Design
EE&C Management Tool
Construction for EE&C
Setting & Adjustment for
EE&C
Energy Management based on

the Energy Conservation Law
Tuning Guidebook
Tuning Manual
(Prepared by ECCJ)
EE&C Tuning of Equipment

Meticulous operation control and adjustment based
on the actual conditions of the equipment systems
39
ECCJ
Tuning Items
Load redu
uction
Controlled item
Action required
Effect
Increase of room temperatures

(during air-cooling)
Modify the set room temperature.
Decrease of room temperatures

(during heating)
Modify the set room temperature.
Suspension of dehumidifying
control
Stop dehumidifying-reheat control.
Remarks
Tenants' consent must be obtained
before modifying the temperature.
Consideration must be given to keep
uniform room temperature distribution.
(Efficient utilization of fans, etc.)
Same as above
If the air-conditioning system consists
of two separate lines (one for inside
air and the other for circumferential
air), care must be taken not to cause
cool air inside the room.
Dehumidification may be covered by
air-cooling.
Attention must be paid to room air
ventilation.
If the system is not equipped with CO2
control tuning is required to maintain
control,
the CO2 level lower than the standard
value.
Reduction of outside air intake in

accordance with the number of
Minimize opening of the outside air
persons in the room
damper
damper.
(Equipped/Not equipped with
CO2 control)
Outside air cooling (Equipped/Not

Open the outside air damper.
equipped)
Outside
Outside air intake control at
startup (Equipped/Not equipped)
If the system is not equipped with

automatic control, daily tuning is
required, which might be cumbersome.
- Four-pipe type piping system

- Split
S li liline system ((one ffor iinside
id air
i
and the other for circumferential air)
-Air-conditioner with automatic
switching between air-cooling and
heating
Stop hot water operation during

air-cooling and cool water
operation during heating.
Do
Do not keep on air-conditioning
air conditioning
Prevention of energy loss due to
leisurely in autumn.
mixing
For the air-conditioner with
automatic switching, setting to
either of cooling and heating,
make a difference between the
t
two
setting
tti temperatures
t
t
as large
l
as possible.
Suspend operation when outside
Suspension of running the total
air enthalpy becomes lower than
heat exchanger (manual control)
that of inside air.
Perform intermittent operation if it is a

rotary type.
40
Example 1: Saving energy by modifying room temperatures

Reduction of heat received from District Heating and Cooling (DHC) due
to modification of room temperatures
30000
25000
2002
26C,
26
C, 50%
2003
27C, 50%
Time period:
July
J
l 1 th
through
h
September 3
Heat received from DHC [MJ/h]
Building size: 100,000

Room temperature
settings:
y = 379.05x - 6211.9
R2 = 0.8088
6% reduction
20000
2003
y = 379.71x - 7556.2
2
R = 0.7438
15000
10000
2002 received heat MJ
2002
2003 received heat MJ
5000
26.0C
50%
53kJ/kg
0
0
20
40
32.0C
60%
73kJ/kg
60
80
100
E th l off outside
Enthalpy
t id air
i [kJ/kg]
[kJ/k ]
41
Example 2:
Saving energy by reducing the outside air intake

during air-conditioning
air conditioning (1)
Reduction of outside air intake during air conditioning within the range (CO2
concentration:
t ti
1,000
1 000 ppm or less)
l ) allowed
ll
d by
b the
th Law
L for
f Maintenance
M i t
off
Sanitation in Buildings
Note
Building: High-rise office building in Tokyo, 40,000 m2.
(R i l heat
(Regional
h t supply
l = Chilled
Chill d water,
t 25 air-conditioners)
i
diti
)
[Air volume per air conditioner]
Before
B
f
tuning
t i
(/h)
Designed outside air intake 3600

3600/H
(600
(600
x 0.2 person/
person/ x 30
30/person)
B f
Before
ttuning
i
2700
2700
/H
(600
(600
x 0.15 person/
person/ x 30 /person)
After tuning 1900
1900/H
600
600
x 0.1 person/
person/ x 30 /person)
After tuning
Aft
t i
( /h)
2,700
1,900
Circulated air
11,900
11,900
Ventilated air
13,100
13,100
1,500
700
Outside air intake
Exhaust air
42
Example 2:
Saving energy by reducing the outside air intake

during air-conditioning (3)
Reduction in heat received from DHC due to reduction of outside air intake
4500
y = 72.291x - 1868.1
2
R = 0.8673
Heat receiv
H
ved [MJ/h]
4000
3500
Before tuning
8% reduction
3000
2500
After tuning
2000
Amount of heat before tuning MJ/h

Amount of heat after tuning MJ/h
1500
y = 55.322x - 1001.5
2
R = 0.7004
1000
26.0C
50%
53kJ/kg
500
0
40
50
32.0C
60%
73kJ/kg
60
70
80
90
Outside air enthalpy [kJ/kg]
43
The Best Practice

i off Tuning
i for
f Buildings
i i
in
i Japan
Only Tuning : 8 Years Actual result
39% Reduction1153/1899=0.61
2000
1899
1719
1800
1613
1600
1467
[MJ/m2]
1400
1396
1350
1326
1262
1153
1200
Only by tuning, the

above saving has
b
been
achieved
hi
d
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Mr. Nakamura, the leader of the

building management team of
Fukuoka City Public Library, said
I always try to think I still can
do more saving rather than I
cannot do any more saving
saving
Fukuoka City Public Library

44
5.Conclusions
Under the instruction of the Japanese Government (Ministry of Economy, trade
and Industry), ECCJ (The Energy Conservation Center, Japan) has been
conducting the PROMEEC (Promotion of Energy Efficiency and Conservation for
ASEAN countries)
t i )P
Project
j t since
i
2000 under
d the
th collaboration
ll b
ti
off ASEAN
countries. The objective of this project is capacity building for the local
engineers and government officers to implement the activities for promoting
energy efficiency and conservation in Industry and Building sectors in ASEAN
countries.
countries
One of the main activities of this project is energy audits of the target buildings.
ECCJ has implemented short-time energy audits of new buildings and follow-up
surveys of previously audited buildings for the purpose of not only providing the
EE&C recommendations but also transferring the skills and knowledge
regarding energy audit and energy management to the participants of ASEAN
countries. For the last 9 years, 31 buildings have been audited and 11 of 31
buildings have been surveyed in the follow-up.
A
According
di to
t the
th results
lt off th
these energy audits
dit and
d follow-up
f ll
surveys, in
i order
d
to promote and disseminate EE&C in operation of existing buildings in ASEAN,
firstly each building should have their own database for energy management,
In-house Database and then have their own EE&C target (Process Benchmark)
obtained by the analysis of their In-house Database
Database. Providing Energy
Management tools such as ESUM/ECCJ and Tuning Manual is very effective to
assist the EE&C using Process Benchmark.
45
Thank You Very
SMART CLOVER
Much
ECCJ is promoting
Four Leaf Clover ,
which is considered
to bring happiness,
as SMART
CLOVER, the
symbol of the
persons who
implement EE&C .
The Energy Conservation Center, Japan

URL: http://www.eccj.or.jp
46

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The Energy conservation Center Japan

APEC Workshop on Sustainable Energy Development in the Built Environment

Energy Audit and Benchmarking Among

The Energy conservation Center Japan

The Energy conservation Center Japan

1.1 Worlds structural Change

Source : IEE Japan AsiaWorld Energy Outlook

The Energy conservation Center Japan

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6.2 billion toe

2.9 billion toe

Consumption of primary energy in Asia

0.36 billion toe

1.0 billion toe

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(Source) Total Energy Statistics by

(Oil converted kilo ton/1 billion yen)

* Calculated according to IEA statistics

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1.4 Japan's International Cooperation in Energy Conservation

Dispatch of experts (from 1980)

Acceptance of trainees (from

The experts provide information and

The trainees learn Japan's energy-saving

Philippines, etc.,for a total of 96 projects)

The Energy conservation Center Japan

2. PROMEEC Project for ASEAN Countries

Started in the year 2000

1). Establishment of a standardized evaluation criteria for energy

The Energy conservation Center Japan

Enhanced Support by Japanese

Transfer from Japan to ASEAN

Phase-2 : Stabilized Practice & Building

Implement by Self Effort

The Energy conservation Center Japan

2000, 2001 : Energy Audit

2004: Indonesia, Cambodia, Thailand and Philippines

2005: Myanmar, Malaysia, Lao PDR and VietnamHanoi)

2006: Brunei Darussalam, Philippines, Vietnam (HCMC)

2007:Cambodia, Indonesia, Singapore (only Seminar/Workshop)

2008:Philippines, Lao PDR, Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia

The Energy conservation Center Japan

Updates on the Development of Technical Directory

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Ministry of Energy, Water and Communications

Executive Director, ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE)

General Manager, Energy Conservation Centre, Japan (ECCJ)

The Energy conservation Center Japan

The Energy conservation Center Japan

2.2 Energy Audit Activities in PROMEE-Building

The Energy conservation Center Japan

Photos of the Building Energy Audit in 2008

PhilippinesSite audit Cooling Tower

Malaysiameasurement at site Room temp.,

Lao PDR.Discussion on the

Brunei Data Analysis

The Energy conservation Center Japan

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The Energy conservation Center Japan

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Previous Activities : Follow-up

The Energy conservation Center Japan