Taqwa

Contents
ZvKIqv
Contents
ZvKIqv
ZvKIqv
(AvjvnfxwZ)
W. gynvv` Kvexij Bmjvg
kvgjevsjv GKvWgx, ivRkvnx
www.i-onlinemedia.net
Contents
ZvKIqv
ZvKIqv (AvjvnfxwZ)
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TAQWA (ALLAHVITI) Written by Dr. Muhammad Kabirul Islam.
Published by Shamol Bangala Academy, Nawdapara, Rajshahi.
Printing: The Bengal Press, Rani Bazar, Rajshahi. 1st Edition:
November 2013 AD. Price: Tk. 60/= Only. US Dolar $ 2 Only.
ISBN : 978-984-337930-6
Contents
ZvKIqv
m~Pxc
wgK bs
1.
f~wgKv
2.
ZvKIqvi cwiPq
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
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5
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nv`xQ ZvKIqv ARbi cwZ Drmvn c`vb
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ZvKIqvi ghv`v I iZ
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(K) ZvKIqvi ZwiZ djvdj
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ZvKIqv weivax KwZcq KgKv
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(L) Qvnvevq Kivgi `v
(M) ZveCb Ghvgi `v
(N) mrKgkxj gwnjvì `v
cwiwk
8
8
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Contents
ZvKIqv
f~wgKv
bvngv`yn~ Iqv byQjx Avjv ivm~wjwnj Kvixg| Avv ev`ZvKIqv ev AvjvnfxwZ gvbe Rxebi g~jwfw| GUv Avjvni wbKU gvbyli
mvb I ghv`v jvfi gvagI eU (RyivZ 13; evqnvKx, Aveyj Cgvb,
wmjwmjv Qnxnvn nv/2700; Qnxn AvZ-ZviMxe nv/2963)| Gi gvag gvbyl wbRi
mvweK Rxeb myì I myPviic Mo ZzjZ cvi| Gi vivB gvbyli
hveZxq Avgj ev Kg cwikxwjZ I cwigvwRZ nq| ew mshgx I
AvZwbqYKvix nZ cvi| dj BnKvj hgb m kvw jvf Ki,
ciKvjI Zgwb Avjvni mw I ihvgw` nvwQj KiZ cvi| cvi
ZvKIqvnxb gvbyl h Kvb KvR KiZ waveva Ki bv| cvcvPvi ce
nqI Zvi gb hgb Kvb msKvP Avm bv, Zgwb Avjvn I ev`vi nK
webi I Zvi `q Kvb fveveM mw nq bv| g~jZt ZvKIqvi
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ZvKIqvnxb gvbyli Avgj Avjvn Keyj Kib bv| ZvB ZvKIqv gvbe
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Kiv hiix| mB mv_ ZvKIqv ARbi cwZ, Gi dhxjZ I gyKxì
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BbkvAvjvn|
ZvKIqv Aej^bi welq KziAvb I nv`xQ e wb`k GmQ| mjv
gvbylK mgK AewnZ KiZ Ges ZvKIqv Aej^bi evcvi mRvM,
mPZb I mP KiZ Avgvì GB z` cqvm| Avkv Kwi eBwU Aaqb
cvVKMY DcKZ neb| Avjvn Avgvì cPv Keyj Kib Ges Gi
wewbgq Dg Rvhv c`vb Kib-Avgxb!
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ivRkvnx
1 bfî 2013|
Contents
ZvKIqv
ZvKIqvi cwiPq
ZvKIqv (
) Aviex k| GwU g~jZ g~j avZz nZ wbMZ| Gi
Aviv `ywU wqvg~j ev gvQ`vi nQ KD ejb,

(AvZ-ZvKIqv)
nZ Bmg (wekl)| Gi gvQ`vi ev wqvg~j nQ
(Avj-BKvD)| ZvKIqvi AvwfavwbK A_ euvPv, ndvhZ Kiv, iv

Kiv BZvw`| hgb ejv nq, *)(' : % $# !" A_ Avjvn ZvK
g` _K euvwPqQb A_vr iv KiQb| Ab A_ ev`v I Zvi
Acm`bxq welqi gvS Aivj Zix Kiv|
cvwifvwlK A_ Avjvni va, Amvl Ges Zuvi kvw _K cwivY
jvfi Rb Zuvi wb`wkZ welq cwZcvjb Kiv Ges wbwl welq cwinvi
Kiv|
1. nvdh Beby iRe (int) ejb, AvjvnfxwZ nQ ev`v I Zuvi cfyi
gaKvi fxwZKi welq hgb Zuvi Avhve, Amvl I kvw _K euP
_vKv| Avi GUv nQ Zuvi AvbyMZ Kiv I Zuvi AevaZv ZvM Kiv|1
2. Beby Zvqwgqvn (int) ejb, 1*56 4 . 3/ 1*2 /.0 . +,- :

A_vr ZvKIqv nQ Avjvn hv Av`k KiQb Zv cwZcvjb Kiv Ges hv
wbla KiQb, Zv cwiZvM Kiv|2
3. nvdh Beby KvQxi (int) ejb, 3/ 768 +,( 9.: ;< :

7/=5> ZvKIqv Ggb GKwU evcKv_K wekl hv (Avjvni) AvbyMZ
Kg mv`b I Acm`bxq welq cwinvi KivK eySvq|3
4. Avey mvE` (int) ejb, D/EF C /B @6 ?@A

ZvKIqv nQ hv AvwLivZ wZM Ki Ggb welq _K cwic~Yfve
euP _vKv|4
1. mvC` Beby Avjx Avj-KvnZvbx, wdK` `vIqvZ dx Qnxn Avj-eyLvix, 2q L (mE`x Avie :
wiqvmvZyj Avv, 1g cKvk 1421 wn.), ct 367|
2. gynvv` Qvjn Avj-gybvw`, AvZ-ZvKIqv (Rvn : gvRg~Avn hv`, 1430 wnt), ct 7|
3. Zvdmxi Beb KvQxi, 1/284 ct|
Contents
6
ZvKIqv
6
myZivs mg IqvwRe Kg cwZcvjb Kiv Ges wbwl I mw` welq cwinvi
Kiv c~Yv ZvKIqvi cwiPvqK| Kvb Kvb ea KvR mv`b I
Acm`bxq KvR ZvM KivI ZvKIqvi kvwgj|
AZGe cwic~Y ZvKIqvi ga Afy nq IqvwRe Kg mv`b Kiv Ges
nvivg I m`nhy welq cwinvi Kiv| KLbI Gi ga kvwgj nq wKQz wKQz
ea KvR _K `~i _vKv Ges Acm`bxq KvR cwiZvM Kiv|
ZvKIqvK KLbI Avjvni bvgi w`K m^wZ Kiv nq| hgb Avjvn
N#/L#M *#JK #GHI $ Avi fq Ki AvjvnK, huvi wbKU ZvgvìK
GK Kiv ne (gvq`v 5/96)| wZwb Aviv ejb, $ 5.Q P#HI O!0
N# Y@#, @2 /#JXE $ INK $ VUW #T.U . R(S /# )#5 n gywgbMY!
AvjvnK fq Ki; cZKB fe `LyK AvMvgxKvji Rb m Kx AwMg

cvwVqQ| Avi AvjvnK fq Ki; Zvgiv hv Ki Avjvn m mK
AewnZ (nvki 59/18)|
Avjvni w`K ZvKIqv kK m^wZ Kiv nj A_ ne Zuvi va I ivM
_K euP _vKv| Avi GUvB nQ eo ZvKIqv| Kbbv Zuvi vai
KviYB cvw_e I ciKvjxb Rxeb kvw nq| Avjvn ejb, ;AZ[HM
*"(S Avi Avjvn Zuvi wbRi m^ ZvgvìK mveavb KiQb (Avj

Bgivb 3/28)| wZwb Aviv ejb, D/(#W@ +#\0
+#\0 \ GKgv
wZwbB fqi hvM Ges wZwbB gv Kivi AwaKvix (gyvQwQi 74/56)|

myZivs gnvb AvjvnB GKgv mv huvK fq Kiv nq Ges Zuvi cwZB ev`vi
Ai Akl mvb mw nq| G KviY ev`v Zuvi Bev`Z I AvbyMZ Ki|
Avevi KLbI ZvKIqv kK Avjvni kvwi w`K wKsev kvwi vb Z_v
Rvnvbvgi w`K A_ev mgqi w`K Z_v wKqvgZ wèmi w`K m^wZ
Kiv nq| hgb Avjvn ejb, P#/-=Y #7U60 #I Z5 Zvgiv mB
AwMK fq Ki hv Kvwdiì Rb cZ Kiv nqQ (Avj Bgivb 3/131)|
wZwb Aviv ejb, P#/-=Y #7U60 DZ_M ^5 \]# #I Z5 Ze mB AvbK fq Ki, gvbyl Ges cv_i ne hvi Bb, Kvwdiì
Rb hv cZ iqQ (evKvivn 2/24)| Ab wZwb ejb, N# ,:#/ `.# #
K *#J- Zvgiv mB w`bK fq Ki, h w`b Zvgiv Avjvni w`K
4. Zvdmxi Avex mE`, 1/27 ct|
Contents
ZvKIqv
cZvbxZ ne (evKvivn 2/281)| wZwb Aviv ejb, #Ga#_ `.# #
%b#Jc VR(S #P6 R

(S Zvgiv mB w`bK fq Ki, hw`b KD KviI Kvb
KvR Avme bv (evKvivn 2/48)|

cwe KziAvb ZvKIqv kwU wZbwU A_ cqvM nqQ| h_v1. fq-fxwZ A_| hgb Avjvn ejb, N# - GK Zvgiv ay AvgvKB
fq Ki (evKvivn 2/41)| wZwb Aviv ejb, K *#J- N# ,:#/ `.# #
Zvgiv mB w`bK fq Ki hw`b Zvgiv Avjvni w`K cZvbxZ ne
(evKvivn 2/281)| Ab wZwb ejb, !/c NA `.# N# -d ZH52 N# -#
`/#J8#". Zviv KZe cvjb Ki Ges m w`bi fq Ki h w`bi wecw
ne evcK (Bbmvb/`vni 76/7)|

2. AvbyMZ I Bev`Z A_| hgb Avjvn ejb, $ 5.Q P#HI O!0
N# @Y#". #;#S0 IK P# @ * e' n gywgbMY! Zvgiv Avjvn&K
h_v_fve fq Ki Ges Zvgiv AvZmgcYKvix (gymwjg) bv nq Kvb

Aevq giv bv (Avj Bgivb 3/102)| A_vr Zuvi h_v_ AvbyMZ I h_vh_
Bev`Z Ki| Beby Avevm c ejb, *6f e' ,Jf Avjvni h_v_
AvbyMZ Ki| Beby gvmD` cI gyRvwn` G AvqvZi evLvq ejb, \
/(= g- /=L N0 "5 g- /AH N0 h, g- i8 N0 GUv nQ
AvbyMZ Kiv AevaZv bv Kiv; (Avjvni) whKi Kiv, ZuvK fyj bv hvIqv;
Zuvi Kwiqv Av`vq Kiv, AKZ bv nIqv|5
3. cvcvPvi ev Mvbvni cwjZv _K AiK cwe Kiv| c_gv `ywU
Acv GwU ZvKIqvi cKZ A_ I Dki AwZ wbKUeZx| Avjvn
ejb, N#am( ;\ kbl- * $ j#d *# <Z $ 98 #P. hviv
Avjvn I Zuvi ivm~ji AvbyMZ Ki, AvjvnK fq Ki I Zuvi AevaZv
nZ mveavb _vK ZvivB mdjKvg (b~i 24/52)| G AvqvZ Avjvn I
ivm~ji AvbyMZ Ges Avjvni fq DjL Kivi ci ZvKIqvi K_v ejv
nqQ| myZivs cKZ ZvKIqv nQ AiK cvcgy Kiv|6
5. Zvdmxi Zevix, 3/375 ct|
6. W. Avngv` dix` Avj-nvg`, AvZ-ZvKIqv Av`-`yivZzj gvdK`vn Iqvj MvqvZzj gvbk~`vn,
ct 7; gynvv` Qvjn Avj-gybvw`, AvZ-ZvKIqv, ct 7|
Contents
ZvKIqv
ZvKIqvi nvKxKZ
ZvKIqvi nvKxKZ nQ Cgvbi mv_ I QIqvei Avkvq Avjvni Av`kwblai AvbyMZ Kiv| A_vr Avjvn hv Av`k KiQb Zvi cwZ c~Yv
wekvm vcb Ki ZvK mZ Rb, Avjvni kvw _K bvRvZ jvfi
Avkvq H wb`k cvjb Kiv| Abyicfve Avjvn hv wbla KiQb ZvK
wekvm Ki Avjvni kvwi fq Zv cwinvi Kiv|
ZvjK Beby nvexe ejb, hLb Zzwg wdrbvq cwZZ ne, ZLb ZvKIqvi
gvag Zv `~ixf~Z Ki| ZvK ejv njv, ZvKIqv wK? wZwb ejjb, Zzwg
Avjvni AvbyMZ KvR Kie Zuvi b~i AvjvwKZ nq Zuvi QIqve jvfi
cZvkvq| Avi Zzwg Avjvni AevaZv cwinvi Kie Zuvi b~i wm nq I
Zuvi kvwi fq fxZ nq|7
gvvK_v cZK KvRi m~Pbv I mgvw AvQ| myZivs Kvb KvR Avjvni
AvbyMZ Zuvi bKU jvfi Rb mb nqQ ej MY ne bv, hZY bv
Zvi g~j Cgvb _vKe| eZt GLvb KvR mv`bi g~j KviY ne
Cgvb| ^fvewm cewcivqYZv, cksmv jvf ev LvwZ ARb cfwZ Dk
Kvb KvR Kiv nj Zv Avjvni AvbyMZ mvw`Z nqQ ej MY ne
bv| g~jZt h KvR i ne GKwb Cgvbi mv_ Ges kl ne Avjvni
QIqve I ihvgw` A^lYi cZvkvq mUvB AvbyMZ I cyYi KvR ej
MY ne| GUvB ZvKIqvi nvKxKZ|
ZvKIqvi cKvif`
gvbyli AvZmshg I AvZwbqYi gvag Mvbvn wj nIqv _K
wbRK iv Kivi bvg nQ ZvKIqv| gvbyli Cgvbx kwi `wKvY GUv
`yaibi nZ cvi| K. `yejì ZvKIqv L. mejì ZvKIqv|
K. `yejì ZvKIqv : GUv nQ Ggb gvbyli ZvKIqv, hwÌ Zviv
wbRìK Mvbvn wj nIqv I cvcvPvi wbgwZ nIqv _K wbRK
iv KiZ cvi myz I kv cwiek| wK `ywlZ I Avv cwiekcwiwwZZ Ges cvcvPvi msvwgZ vb I cwiek Zviv wbRìK iv
KiZ cvi bv| Abyicfve wbR cvcvPvi _K weiZ _vKZ cvijI
AbK cvci cwjZv I K`hZv _K iv KiZ mg nq bv|
L. mejì ZvKIqv : GUv Ggb jvKì ZvKIqv, hviv Ggb my`p
AvwZK kw I PvwiwK Yi AwaKvix h, Zviv h Kvb cwZKj I
7. gynvv` Qvjn Avj-gybvw`, AvZ-ZvKIqv, ct 8|
Contents
9
ZvKIqv
Avv cwiek-cwiwwZZI wbRìK Mvbvn Rwoq cov _K weiZ
ivLZ mg nq| Zvì AvwZK kw Zvì I Mvbvni ga evavi
cvPxi m`k nq ùvovq Ges ZvìK cvci cwjZv _K iv Ki|
mv_ mv_ AbìKI bQxnZ-Dc`k, w`Kwb`kbv, Dg bgybv ck I
Avjvni Avhvei fxwZ c`kbi gvag weiZ ivLZ mg nq|
ZvKIqvi Kzg
ZvKIqv Aej^b Kiv DZi Dci IqvwRe| hv cwe KziAvbi AbK
AvqvZ, e Qnxn nv`xQ I mvjvd Qvjnxbi Dw viv cgvwYZ| ZvKIqv
ARbi Rb Avjvn wb`k w`qQb| wZwb ejb, 0 P#HI 5#Jn #U
= Zvgvì c~e hvìK wKZve Ìqv

$ N0 #;AK #;=Y#X #P. o
nqQ ZvìK I ZvgvìK wb`k w`qwQ h, Zvgiv AvjvnK fq
Kie (wbmv 4/131)|
Bgvg KziZzex ejb, ;.p 9J@q .6 NA
2 /.p A_vr ZvKIqv
ARbi wb`k DZi mKji Rb mvaviY wb`k|8
Beby Zvqwgqvn (int) ejb, n r /.0 U 1eYs Y6 X:

1U6 P6 tW< P. P. uv 19w . xy C r A_vr

mwi Dci ZvKIqv ARb IqvwRe| h evcvi Avjvn GKvwaK vb
wb`k I Dc`k w`qQb| h ew ZvKIqv ARb Ki bv Avjvn Zvi
wb`v KiQb| Avi h ZvKIqv ARb _K AgyLvcx nq, ZvK kvw
Ìqv nq|9
ivm~jyjvn aI ZvKIqvi wb`k w`qQb| Avey hi c ejb, ivm~j
a AvgvK ejjb, T#5A @z#J' $ e Zzwg hLvbB _vK, AvjvnK fq
Ki|10 myZivs KziAvb I nv`xQ viv cgvwYZ nq h, ZvKIqv ARb Kiv
IqvwRe|
8. Zvdmxi KziZzex 5/408 ct|
9. kvi Dg`vZzj AvnKvg 3/627 ct|
10. wZiwghx nv/1987, mb` nvmvb|
Contents
10
ZvKIqv
10
ZvKIqvi img~n
ZvKIqvi i mK wevbMY wewfb eYbv Dcvcb KiQb| GLvb
msc mwj ck Kiv njv|Avjvgv bygvb Beby gynvv` Avj-Avj~mx ZzndvZzj BLIqvb M ejb,
ZvKIqv nQ Avjvni wb`k cwZcvjb I Zuvi wbwl welqK cwinvi
Kiv| Gi wZbwU i iqQ| h_v1. wkiK _K euP _vKvi gvag Avjvni wPivqx Avhve _K cwivY
jvf Kiv| Avjvn ejb,
@YA #;O.a0 Avi ZvìK ZvKIqvi
evK my`p Kijb (dvZ&n 48/26)|
2. Ggb me KvR ZvM Kiv hv cvc wbcwZZ Ki wKsev QMxiv (QvU)
Mvbvn cwiZvM Kiv| cvwifvwlK A_ GUvB ZvKIqv wnmve RbMYi
gvS cwiwPZ| G cm Avjvn ejb, 5#M( # # 5.Q
/ +#\0 IN0 #
{#Zl @" P. V7A/2 #;O#JY6 hw` mB mKj Rbcì Awaevmxe`

Cgvb AvbZ I ZvKIqv Aej^b KiZ, Zvnj AekB Avgiv Zvì Rb
Avmgvb-hgxbi eiKZ mg~n AevwiZ Ki w`Zvg (Avivd 7/96)|
Ggg Igi Beby Avyj Avhxh (int) ejb, . ]0 u/' . 3/

xE |K xE O- kv U,2 }~Z @- 1 {/- A_vr ZvKIqv nQ

Avjvn hv nvivg KiQb, Zv ZvM Kiv Ges hv dih KiQb Zv Av`vq
Kiv| Gici hv wZwb `vb Kib Zv fvji Pq fvj|
3. Avjvni mvlc~Y KvR _K weiZ ivL Ggb welq _K gy _vKv|
GUvB Dw cKZ ZvKIqv| GmK Avjvn ejb, 5.Q P#HI O!0
N# @Y#". #;#S0 IK P# @ * e' $ n gywgbMY! Zvgiv Avjvn&K
h_v_fve fq Ki Ges Zvgiv AvZmgcYKvix (gymwjg) bv nq Kvb
Aevq giv bv (Avj Bgivb 3/102)|
wevbMYi wbKU ZvKIqvi Aviv wZbwU i iqQ| h_v- 1. wkiK _K
euP _vKv, 2. weÀvZ _K euP _vKv, 3. QvU Mvbvn _K euP _vKv|
1. wkiK _K euP _vKv :
Avjvni GKZi cwZ c~Y Avv vcb Ki mKj cKvi wkiK _K weiZ
_vKv| wkiK AwZ eo Mvbvn| Avjvn ZvAvjv ejb, ;#J)6 ;Y) 3#/L INK
Contents
11
ZvKIqv
11
wbqB wki&K eo AZvPvi (jyKgvb 31/13)| ivm~j a ejb, #;=bXS0 0
Z#!a D]Oc P#U } # 6 2 3/#c %g /mX= /XAl2 Avwg
ZvgvìK mePq eo wZbwU cvci K_v eje wK? Zv njv Avjvn&i
11
mv_ wki&K Kiv, wcZv-gvZvi Aeva nIqv Ges wg_v mv c`vb Kiv|
ZIev eZxZ G Mvbvn Avjvn gv Kieb bv| wZwb ejb, /(#W $ INK
`@K
/- #U- 2 #3/#L #P. L #P@ kv N#] . /(#W *2 3/#L N0
`@#J)6 wbqB Avjvn ZvK gv Kieb bv, h jvK Zuvi mv_ wkiK
Ki| Avi wZwb Gi Pq wbchvqi cvc hvK BQv gv Kib| KD
Avjvni kixK Kij m GK gnvcvc Ki (wbmv 4/48)|
wkiKi KviY c~ei me Avgj web nq hvq| Avjvn ZvAvjv ejb,
#
N# Y@#, # SA . #;O#56 XM # A/#c0 hw` Zviv wki&K Ki Zvnj Zvì
Avgjmg~n b nq hve (AvbAvg 6/88)| wZwb Aviv ejb, k#JK '#0 #U
P#/<d P. PS# = kY@6 P8X#MJ TA/#c0 #Pb kY#X #P. P#HI K
Zvgvi cwZ Ges Zvgvi c~eeZxì cwZ Av`k Kiv nqQ h, hw` Zzwg
Avjvn&i mv_ kixK vcb Ki, Zvnj Zvgvi Avgj b nq hve Ges Zzwg
wZM ì Afz ne (hygvi 39/65)|
wkiKi fqven cwiYwZ mK Avjvn ZvAvjv Aviv ejb, #3/#L #P. *SK
VZhS0 #P. PJ#@I)Y . Z5 l. 5_ *#JY6 u/' #U- 2 wbqB h
ew Avjvn&i mv_ Askx`vi vcb Ki Avjvn Zvi Rb RvbvZ nvivg
KiQb Ges Zvi evmvb nQ Rvnvbvg| Avi AZvPvixì Kvb
mvnvhKvix bB (gvq`vn 5/72)|
wkiKi Af cwiYwZ mK ivm~j a ejb, %b#Jc 2 3/#L 7. #P.
5_ +E] %b#Jc 2 3/#L 7. #P. Z5 +E] h ew Avjvn&i mv_
we`ygv kixK Kie m Rvnvbvg hve| Avi h ew Avjvn&i mv_ Kvb
wKQzK kixK Kie bv m RvbvZ hve|12
11. eyLvix nv/2664, kvnv`vZ Aavq; gymwjg nv/255, Cgvb Aavq, eo cvc AbyQ`|
12. gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/38 Cgvb Aavq|
Contents
12
ZvKIqv
wZwb Aviv ejb, Avjvn ZvAvjv ejb, o
/2 #5#J0 # kSK u]Q P#2
12
%D/(#W. O2/2 k#J %b#Jc #2 3/#L #5#J ; 8E {#Z$p n Av`g
mvb! Zzwg hw` Avgvi wbKU hgxb fwZ cvc wbq Avm Avi wkiK gy
Aevq Avgvi mv_ mvvr Ki, Zvnj Avwg H hgxb fwZ gv wbq
Zvgvi wbKU AvMgb Kie|13
2. weÀvZ _K euP _vKv :
Avjvni bKU jvfi Avkvq ev QIqvei cZvkvq Bmjvg Ggb Kvb
KvR Kiv, hv ivm~j a I Qvnvevq Kivgi hyM wQj bv Ges h evci
ivm~j a-Gi Kvb Abygv`b ev mg_b bB, mUv nQ weÀvZ|
weÀvZ `ycKvi| 1. Afvmg~jK weÀvZ| hgb- Rxebi eenvwiK
KvR-Kg I elwqK Rxeb hvcbi Rb wbZbZzb Dcvq Dveb Ges
bevweZ hcvwZ Zix Kiv Afvmg~jK weÀvZ, hv ea| 2. Bev`Z
weÀvZ Z_v xbi ga bZzb Kvb KvR ev cvi mshvRb Kiv; GUv
wbwl| Kbbv kixAvZi wewa-weavb AcwieZYxq| GZ Kvb cKvi
mshvRb-weqvRb Pj bv| G gg KD bZzb wKQy Kij Zv cZvLvZ
ne, Avi Zvi ciKvj ne fqven| Avjvn ZvAvjv ejb,
;# \ J#S!U DJM - #;OJ#,< I+w P#HI 1%@#60 P#/"#El2 #;=bX5S +\ +
#T8XM- *m #;O2Z 72 #/(A P#HI kb0 `,#5n N# 5"#M #;OS0 N# X"#M
%N#~ .J u# #;O ;#JS g- #;O@#60
n bex! Zzwg ej, Avgiv wK ZvgvìK mme jvKi K_v ej wè, hviv
Kgi w`K w`q LyeB wZM? ZvivB mB jvK hvì Pv-cPv cvw_e
RxebB b nq MQ| A_P Zviv gb Ki h, Zviv mrKg KiQ (Kvnd
18/103-105)|
weÀvZi Af cwiYwZ mK nv`xQ mwevi eYbv DcvwcZ nqQ|
Zba DjLhvM GKwU welq njv weÀvZxi Avgj Keyj nq bv| hgb
ivm~j a ejb, ]Z O- *#5. R#J . H\ S/#.0 - U#'0 #P. h ew
Avgvi GB xb bZzb wKQy Dveb Kie hv Zvi Afz bq Zv
cZvLvZ|14 Ab wZwb ejb, ]Z O- S/#.0 *#JY6 R#J %g@6 +@6 #P.
13. wZiwghx, wgkKvZ nv/2336 gv PvIqv I ZIev Kiv AbyQ`|
14. eyLvix, gymwjg, Ave~`vE`, wgkKvZ nv/140 wKZve I mybvnK AuvKo aiv AbyQ`|
Contents
13
13
ZvKIqv
KD hw` Ggb Kvb Avgj Ki hvi evcvi Avgvi Kvb wb`kbv bB,
Zvnj Zv cZvLvZ|15
ivm~j a Zuvi mybvZ I Lyjvdvq ivk`xbi mybvZ AuvKo aiZ ejQb

Ges bZzb mw I weÀvZ _K weiZ _vKZ wb`k w`qQb| Kbbv Zvi
cwiYvg Rvnvbvg| ivm~j a ejb, P#Uc/ (Yd 5< 5"2 #;=#JY,-
6#U2 VU#M. I+A IN- Z# .l 7U#M. #;AK H: 52 O#JY6 # !B6 P#JU#O@
gw V6#U2 I+A INK Zvgiv Avgvi mybvZ Ges Lvjvdvq ivk`xbi
mybvZK kfve AvuKo ai| `xbi ga bZzb wKQy Dveb Kiv _K
euP _vK| wbqB cZK bZzb De weÀvZ| Avi cZK weÀvZ
nQ Zv| Ab eYbvq iqQ, cZK ZvB Rvnvbvgx|16
Aci GKwU nv`xQ GmQ, ivm~j a nvg&` I QvjvZi ci ejb, IN-
+I A OU#M. Z# .p /c VU@M. G#U\ G#UO /#JE oA #UM /#JE
.gw V6#U2 wbqB mePq Dg evYx nQ- Avjvn&i wKZve| Avi
mePq Dg c_wb`k nQ- gynvv` a-Gi n`vqv`| KvRi ga
Awbc~Y KvR nQ xbi ga bZzb wKQy De Kiv| Avi cZK bZzb
KvRB Zv|17
ivm~j a weÀvZxK Avkq w`Z wbla KiQb Ges Gi cwiYwZ
mKI mZK KiQb| wZwb ejb, #P. HA K V/m6 P#J2 . u/' 5#U@
P#J,@#:0 ^5 =mg@ 5#, *#JY,- %U#M.

Q #0 %U' O#J- U#'0
?#U6 #/n *#5. +X AvBi bvgK vb nZ QvDi bvgK vb ch
g`xbv nQ nvivg GjvKv| KD hw` GLvb weÀvZ Ki A_ev
weÀvZxK Avkq `q, Zvi Dci Avjvn&i c _K Ges mKj dikZv
I mKj gvbyli c _K Awfkvc| Zvi bdj Ges dih Kvb cKvi
Bev`Z Keyj Kiv ne bv|18
15. eyLvix, gymwjg nv/4468 gxgvsmv Aavq|
16. bvmvC nv/1579, mb` nvmvb; Avngv`, Ave~`vE`, wZiwghx, Beby gvRvn, wgkKvZ nv/165|
17. gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/141|
18. eyLvix, gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/2728 g`xbv nvivg nIqv I Avjvni cvnviv AbyQ`, n Aavq|
Contents
14
ZvKIqv
14
weÀvZ Kij wKqvgZi w`b nvDR KvIQvii cvwb cvb I ivm~j aGi kvdvAvZ _K ewZ nZ ne| G gg ivm~j a ejb,
NI ]/J Ù20 l@) #; o/c #P. o/c Y6 /. #P. {# M Y6 #;=f/- #SK
kSK ?J- #5. #;OSK ?# l- #;O5#J2 #5#J2 ?M ; #5S -/#, #;O-/#60 u 0 Y6
#GU#,2 /Jy #P@ %#M< %#M< ?# l- 3U#,2 # U#'0 . #GZ#U
Avwg Zvgvì mevi AvM nvDh KvDQvii wbKU DcwZ ne| h ew
Avgvi cvk w`q hve m KvDQvii cvwb cvb Kie| Avi h ew cvwb
cvb Kie m KLbI wccvwmZ ne bv| AekB RbMY Avgvi mvgb
DcwZ ne| Avwg Zvì wPbZ cvie Ges ZvivI AvgvK wPbZ cvie|
AZtci Avgvi Ges Zvì gvS Avovj Kiv ne| Avwg ZLb eje,
wbqB Zviv Avgvi DZ| Zvici AvgvK ejv ne, Avcwb Rvbb bv|
Avcbvi ci Zviv xbi ga bZzb KvR De KiQ| ZLb Avwg eje,
`~i _vK, `~i _vK hviv Avgvi xbi ga bZzb wKQy De KiQ|19
weÀvZxi fvM ZIev RvU bv| ivm~jyjvn a ejb, _' $ INK
*6#U2 iU ' V6#U2 'n [+A #P6 2# wbqB Avjvn cZK
weÀvZKvixi _K ZIevK Avovj Ki ivLb, hZY bv m weÀvZ
Qo `q|20
3. QvU Mvbvn _K euP _vKv :
Mvbvn QvU nvK ev eo nvK Zv _K euP _vKv gywgbi KZe| Avjvn
ejb, # . vK # @,f @#J- 5: 7Mh Y@6 # 5.Q P#HI Y6 R#J
# 5"#'0 # ; # 5.Q # ; 7Mh Y@6 # 5.Q hviv Cgvb Avb
I mrKg Ki Zviv c~e hv fY KiQ Zb Zvì Kvb cvc bB, hw`
Zviv mveavb nq Ges Cgvb Avb I mrKg Ki, mveavb nq I wekvm Ki,
cybivq mveavb nq Ges mrKg Ki (gvwq`vn 5/93)|
gvbyli ga AbK AvQ, hviv Kzdi I Kexiv Mvbvn _K weiZ _vK|
wK QMxiv MvbvnK fq Ki bv| mB mv_ AwaK bdj Bev`Z Kivi
Pv Ki bv| A_P Gme nQ bvRvZ jvfi gvag| hgb Avjvn ejb,
19. eyLvix, gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/5571, nvDh KvDQvi I kvdvAvZi eYbv AbyQ`|
20. ZvevivYx, Qnxn AvZ-ZviMxe nv/54, mb` Qnxn|
Contents
15
ZvKIqv
15
`@#/A %gE#U. #;=YE#US #;=bJ< #;=#56 #/[(=S *#56 N# O#5 . /mXA # X5#_ NK
ZvgvìK hv wbla Kiv nqQ Zvi ga hv iZi Zv nZ weiZ
_vKj Zvgvì jNyZi cvcwj gvPb Kie Ges ZvgvìK mvbRbK
vb `vwLj Kie (wbmv 4/31)|
ivm~j a ejb, NB.Z K NB.Z 1,@q K ,@q 1R#@s 7 Yh
/mX= TX5#: vK PO5#J2 @ 7

/[(=. cuvP Iqv QvjvZ, GK RygAv nZ
Aci RygAv ch, GK ivgvhvb nZ Aci ivgvhvb ch Kvddviv nq m
mg bvni hv Gi gaeZx mgq Kiv nq| hLb Kexiv bvn _K euP
_vK|21
QMxiv ev QvU Mvbvn _KI weiZ _vKv gywgbi KZe| hgb ivm~j a
Avqkv i-K ejb, P. O IN- 1o# SH 7/IM. 3K jm6
.%Xf n Avqkv! ZzQ Mvbvn _KI euP _vK| Kbbv D cvcwji

LuvR ivLvi Rb Avjvni c _K AbymvbKvix (dikZv) wbhy
AvQ|22
Avbvm cejb, NK 1/#,L P. #;=5J#60 - !}]0 \ %@#60 N# Y@#, #;=S
.72 @ ?# <Z U#O6 Y6 \!U,S 5A Zvgiv Ggb Avgj Ki _vK, hv
Zvgvì `wZ Pzji PvBZI m~| A_P ivm~jyjvn a-Gi hyM Avgiv
mwjK asmvZK gb KiZvg|23
Rvnvbvg _K cwic~Y bvRvZ jvf KiZ nj dih Av`vqi mv_ mv_
QvU Mvbvn wj nIqv _K me`v euP _vKvi Pv KiZ ne Ges
Kexiv Mvbvn _K mevZfve weiZ _vKZ ne| Avevi bdj Bev`Z
Kivi cvkvcvwk m`nhy I Acm`bxq welq cwinvi KivZB ev`vi c~Y
ZvKIqv AwRZ nq| GRb Avjvn ejb, e' $ 5.Q P#HI O!0
* n gywgbMY! Zvgiv AvjvnK h_v_fve fq Ki
(Avj Bgivb
3/102)| myZivs cKZ ZvKIqv nQ QvU-eo mKj cKvi cvcKg cwiZvM

Kivi Pv Kiv Ges IqvwRe I bdjmn mKj Bev`Z mvagZ Av`vq Kivi
21. gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/564; evsjv wgkKvZ nv/518|
22. mybvby` `vigx, nv/2782; Beby gvRvn nv/4243; wgkKvZ nv/5356|
23. eyLvix nv/6492; wgkKvZ nv/5355|
Contents
16
ZvKIqv
16
mevZK cPv Pvjvb| Avi AwaK bdj Av`vqi gvag dih NvUwZ
_vKj Zv c~Y ne24 Ges QMxiv Mvbvn cwiZvMi gvag Kexiv Mvbvn
_K euP _vKvi my`p Xvj Zix ne| hgb Avjvn ejb, . $ -
#;#,8#< Zvgiv AvjvnK h_vmva fq Ki (ZvMveyb 64/16)|

Aveyvi`v ejb, c~Y ZvKIqv nQ AvjvnK fq Kiv, GgbwK AYy cwigvY
cvc KvR njI Zv _K weiZ _vKv| mv_ mv_ nvivg cwZZ nIqvi
AvksKvq Kvb Kvb nvjvj ZvM Kiv|25 GZ Zvi gvS I nvivgi gvS
my`p Avovj Zix ne| Avi Avjvn ev`vK Zvi KgKv mK mZK
KiQb| wZwb ejb, VDZv ?z. +@#, #P. 1/ `/#JE VDZv ?z. +@#, #P@-
/ /c KD AYy cwigvY mrKg Kij Zv `Le Ges KD AYy cwigvY
AmrKg Kij ZvI `Le (whjhvj 99/7-8)| myZivs fvj KvR mvgvb
njI ZvK ZzQ vb Ki Zv Kiv _K weiZ _vKv hve bv| Avevi g`
KvR bMY njI Zv ZvM KiZ Mwogwm Kiv hve bv|
nvmvb eQix (int) ejb, gyvKxi ZvKIqv ZZY _vK hZY nvivg
cwZZ nIqvi AvksKvq e nvjvj welq ZvM Ki| g~mv Beby Avq~bI
Abyic ejQb| mywdqvb QvIix (int) ejb, gyvKx bvgKiY Kivi KviY
nQ m Hme welq Qo `q hv ZvKIqv weivax|26
cwe KziAvb ZvKIqv Aej^bi cwZ AbyciYv

ZvKIqv ev AvjvnfxwZ ARbi Rb cwe KziAvbi e AvqvZ Avjvn
wb`k w`qQb| mv_ mv_ Gi cwZ mxgvnxb AbyciYvI Ìqv nqQ|
ZvKIqvi gnv cyiviI Avjvn DjL KiQb, hvZ gvbyl ZvKIqvkxj
nq| G mwKZ KwZcq AvqvZ GLvb DjL Kiv njv|(1) Avjvn ZvAvjv ejb, N5: *2Z u. E #P@ Avi h ^xq
cwZcvjKi myL DcwZ nIqvi fq ivL, Zvi Rb iqQ `ywU D`vb
(Avi-ingvb 55/46)|
gyRvwn` I bvLC (int) ejb, m nQ H ew h MvbvnK iZ `q|
AZtci AvjvnK iY Ki Ges Zuvi fq Mvbvn cwiZvM Ki|
24. wZiwghx nv/415; Avey `vD` nv/864; bvmvC nv/470; wgkKvZ nv/1330, mb` Qnxn|
25. Qvjn Avj-gybvw`, AvZ-ZvKIqv, ct 26; W. Avngv` dix`, AvZ-ZvKIqv, ct 9|
26. Zè, ct 9|
Contents
17
17
ZvKIqv
gynvv` Beby Avjx AvZ-wZiwghx ejb, ^xq cwZcvjKK fq Kivi Rb
GKwU RvbvZ Ges cewK ZvM Kivi Rb GKwU RvbvZ|
Beby Avevm c G AvqvZi evLvq ejb, h ew wbRK cewi
AbymiY _K weiZ iLQ, cvw_e RxebK cvavb `qwb, ciKvjxb
RxebK Dg I vqx RbQ, AZtci Avjvni dih mg~n Av`vq KiQ
Ges wbwl welqwjK cwinvi KiQ, Zvi Rb wKqvgZ wèm ^xq
cwZcvjKi wbKU `ywU RvbvZ iqQ|27 H `ywU RvbvZi eYbvq
ivm~jyjvn a ejb, V\v #P. N5: @O#J- . @OJSQ VB- #P. N5:
]Z IK , 3ZX #;O2Z K #/)#5 N0 P#J2 u# P#J2 . @O#J- . @OJSQ
.VN#U6 5: - *O#: Y6 /#X= `ywU RvbvZ Ges Zvi cv mg~n I Abvb
mewKQz ne icvi Zix| Aviv `ywU RvbvZ Ges Zvi cvmg~n I Abvb
mewKQzB ne ^Yi Zix| Av`b bvgK RvbvZ RvbvZevmxMY I Zvì
eiKZgq gnvb cfyi `x`vi jvfi gvSLvb Zuvi Pnvivi Dci Zuvi
Miei Pvì eZxZ Avi Kvb cwZeK _vKe bv|28
(2) gnvb Avjvn ejb, IN- 1
O P6 R(5 OS *2Z u. E #P. .0
l@ \ 5_ Avi h ^xq cwZcvjKi myL DcwZ nIqvi fq ivL
Ges cew nZ wbRK weiZ ivL, RvbvZB ne Zvi Avevm (bvwhAvZ
79/40-41)|
nvdh Beby KvQxi (int) ejb, h ew Avjvni myL `vqgvb nZ fq
Ki, Zvi evcvi Avjvni Kyg I dvqQvjvi fq Ki Avi cewi AbymiY
Kiv _K wbRK weiZ ivL Ges wbRK ^xq cfyi AbymiYi w`K
avweZ Ki RvbvZzj gvIqvB Zvi Mej, cZveZbi vb Ges mUvB
Zvi Avkqj|29
(3) Avjvn cvK ejb, V;#J)6 Vu# oH6 #2Z T#Jh6 NK E0 #SK + ej,
Avwg hw` Avgvi cwZcvjKi AevaZv Kwi Ze Avwg fq Kwi gnvwèmi
kvwi (AvbAvg 6/15)| G AvqvZi evLvq Bgvg KziZzex (int) ejb,
Abi Bev`Z KiZ Avwg fq Kwi GRb h, wZwb AvgvK kvw wèb|30
27. Zvdmxi Beb KvQxi 7/533, m~iv Avi-ingvb 46 bs AvqvZi evLv `t|
28. eyLvix nv/4878, 7444; gymwjg nv/466; Beby gvRvn nv/186|
29. Zvdmxi Beb KvQxi 4/469|
30. Zvdmxi KziZzex 6/397|
Contents
ZvKIqv
18
18
(4) Avjvn Aviv ejb, `/#/8#@ `<# X6 `.# 52Z #P. dS SK Avgiv
AvksKv Kwi Avgvì cwZcvjKi wbKU nZ GK fxwZc` fqsKi w`bi
(Bbmvb/`vni 76/10)| G AvqvZi evLvq nvdh Beby KvQxi (int) ejb,
Avgiv GB Avgj Kie GRb h, hvZ Avjvn Avgvì Dci ingZ
Kib| Avi fxwZKi fqsKi w`b wZwb Avgvì mv_ mvvr Kib KiYv
I ingZ wbq|31
GB nQ Avjvnfxi ev`vì Aev| Zviv `ywbqvZ Avjvni Iqv Avgj
Ki ciKvj bvRvZi cZvkvq Ges Avjvni gv jvfi D`M evmbvq|
Avi Avgiv hw` `ywbqvi KjvY jvfi Rb Avgj Kwi Zvnj ciKvj Gi
Kvb wewbgq cvIqv hve bv|
(5) Avjvn ZvAvjv ejb, R#J #;O2Z K #/L#M N0 N# -d P#HI *2 #ZH#S0
N# #;OIY, 9#J(c *S#] #P. #;O Zzwg GUv viv ZvìK mZK Ki
`vI hviv fq Ki h, ZvìK Zvì cwZcvjKi wbKU mgeZ Kiv ne
Ggb Aevq h, wZwb eZxZ Zvì Kvb AwffveK ev mycvwikKvix
_vKe bv; nqZv Zviv mveavb ne (AvbAvg 6/51)| G AvqvZi evLvq
nvdh Beby KvQxi (int) ejb, Zzwg G KziAvb viv ZvìK mZK Ki,
hviv Zvì cwZcvjKK fq Ki; wKqvgZi w`b Zviv cfyi ingZ jvf
Kie| hw`b Zvì Kvb ^Rb I mycvwikKvix _vKe bv, hw` wZwb
ZvìK kvw w`Z Pvb| hvZ Zviv ZvKIqvkxj nq| Avi ZvìK mZK
Kib GUv viv h, Zvì evcvi Avjvn eZxZ Kvb dvqQvjvKvix bB|
hvZ Zviv gyvKx nq| dj Zviv G `ywbqvZ Ggb Avgj Kie hv viv
Avjvn ZvìK wKqvgZi w`b kvw _K cwivY wèb Ges Gi viv
Zvì QIqve eY ew Ki wèb|32
(6) wZwb Aviv ejb, #;O2Z N# L#d +n# ! N0 *2 /.0 . N# Yh P#HI
o"M $# < N # -d Avi Avjvn h mK AzY ivLZ Av`k

KiQb, hviv Zv AzY ivL, fq Ki Zvì cwZcvjKK Ges fq Ki
KVvi wnmveK (iv` 13/21)| G AvqvZi evLvq nvdh Beby KvQxi
(int) ejb, Avjvn h mK AzY ivLZ Av`k KiQb, hviv Zv AzY
ivL A_vr AvZxq-^Rbì mv_ mK eRvq ivL| Zvì cwZ I
31. Zvdmxi Beb KvQxi 4/455|
32. Zè|
Contents
19
19
ZvKIqv
`wi`ì cwZ `qv-`vwY Ki Ges m`vPiY Ki| Zviv Zvì
cwZcvjKK fq Ki| A_vr h Av`k wZwb w`qQb m evcvi| Avi
Zviv hv Avgj Ki m I Avjvni wb`ki cwZ mZK `w ivLb|
Zviv ciKvj wnmve-wbKvk hvZ Lvivc bv nq Zvi fq Ki|33
(7) Avjvn ZvAvjv ejb, Zh#2l o# Y *#J- IY `.# N# -d Zviv
fq Ki mB w`bK hw`b AbK Ai I `w wech nq coe (b~i
24/37)| Avjvnfxi ev`vMY wKqvgZi H KwVb w`bi fq Ki, h w`b
ne Avdmvm I jvbvi|
nvmvb eQix (int) ejb, m w`b mK Zvgvi aviYv wK, hw`b Zviv
cvqi Dci fi Ki ùvove hvi evw cvk nvRvi eQii mgvb? hw`b
Zviv Kvb cvbvnvi Kie bv| wccvmvq Mjv dU hve, zavq cU Rj
hve| Aeva I cvwcìK Rvnvbvgi w`K wdwiq Ìqv ne| Zviv
AZz cmeY _K cvb Kie|34
gywgb ev`v ZvB Avjvni mv_ mvvZi w`bK AwZ fq Ki Ges Zvi Rb
h_vmva cwZ MnY Ki| GZ`mI Zviv Mvcb wU I AcKvk cvc
cKvwkZ nq hvIqvi AvksKvq m nq Kuv`| Zviv mw`bi fq Ki
hw`b PvL wbgMvgx ne, Kî _g hve, Gw`K-mw`K ZvKvbv e
nq hve| MvcbxqZv cKvk nq hve, Avovji cvc ewiq coe, gvbyl
Zvì Avgjbvgv wbq Pje, QvUiv e nq hve, eiv Dbv` nq hve|
ez `ycvc ne, Rvnvbvg `wi mvgb Pj Avme| Kvdiiv nZvk nq
coe, Avb cRwjZ ne, gvbyli Pnviv weeY nq hve Ges Zvì
evKkw i Kiv ne K_v eje Zvì A-cZ|
H w`bi Rb mKji cwZ MnY KiZ ne| mw`b hvZ cwivY cvIqv
hvq mRb gnvb Avjvni ìevi webxZ cv_bv KiZ ne| Avjvn
AvgvìK ZvIdxK `vb Kib- Avgxb!
(8) wZwb Aviv ejb, %-# E #;O2Z N# 6#U 9:B@ P6 #;O2# 5: -_
N# (#5 #;\5~Z @. `,@f Zviv khv ZvM Ki Zvì cwZcvjKK WvK
Avkvq I AvksKvq Ges Avgiv ZvìK h wiwhK `vb KiwQ Zv nZ Zviv
eq Ki (mvR`v 32/16)|
33. Zè 2/510|
34. BnqvD Dj~wgxb, 1/500; Beby KvQxi (int), wbnvqvn wdj wdZvb Iqvj gyjvwng, ct 180|
Contents
20
ZvKIqv
Avjvgv Qveybx G AvqvZi evLvq ejb, P6 ;O-/f0 U6X M5 G0
20
D]X,Y ;O68S 1+JY +JY2 ;O. S N0 {/W 1u 5 9w . /( A_vr
khv I wb`vi vb _K Zvì cvk`k `~i _vK| Gi viv Dk nQ
h, ivw RvMiY Ki Bev`Z Kivi KviY Zviv ivZ Kg Nygvq|35 hgb
Avjvn ejb, N#/(#W#" #;\ ZM#<l2 1N# ,_#O . +#JIY P. %g#JY SA
Zviv ivwi mvgvb AskB AwZevwnZ KiZ wb`vq, ivwi kl cni Zviv
gv cv_bv KiZ (hvwiqvZ 51/17-18)|
gyRvwn` (int) mvR`v 16bs AvqvZi evLvq ejb, Gi viv wKqvgyj
jvqj ev ivw RvMiY eySvbv nqQ| Avjvni evYx %-# E #;O2Z N# 6#U
`,@f Zvì cwZcvjKK WvK Avkvq I AvksKvq
(mvR`v 32/16)|
A_vr Zviv Zvì cwZcvjKK WvK Zuvi Avhvei fq Ges ingZ I

QIqve jvfi cZvkvq|36
(9) Avjvn ZvAvjv ejb, #.. E #P@ kv #;\U#,2 #P. {#Zl ;=55=#"5
U#J6 E Zvì ci Avgiv ZvgvìK `k cwZwZ KieB, GUv

Zvì Rb hviv fq ivL Avgvi myL DcwZ nIqvi Ges fq ivL kvwi
(Beivnxg 14/14)| G AvqvZi evLvq Bgvg KziZzex ejb, GU 2 *..
.J u A_vr wKqvgZi w`b Avjvni myL Zvi `vqgvb nIqv|37

(10) gnvb Avjvn ejb, N # X\#Z- GK Zvgiv ay AvgvKB fq Ki
(evKvivn 2/40; bvnj 16/51)| Aveyj Avwjqv, Avi-iex Beby Avbvm, myx I
KvZv`vn (int) ejb, G AvqvZi A_ nQ AvgvKB fq Ki|38 GLvb
Avmj #S# X\#Z- wQj| wK G UvK wejy Ki hiK m vb ivLv nqQ|39
Dciv AvjvPbv _K cZxqgvb nq h, gnvb Avjvn Zuvi mevwaK wcq mw
gvbylK ZvKIqv Aej^b Z_v ZuvK fq Kivi wekl wb`k w`qQb Ges G
35. QvdIqvZzZ Zvdvmxi 3/26, m~iv mvR`v 16bs AvqvZi evLv `.|
36. Zè 3/27|
37. Zvdmxi KziZzex 9/348, m~iv Beivnxg 14bs AvqvZi evLv `.|
38. Zvdmxi Beb KvQxi 1/242, m~iv evKvivn 40bs AvqvZi evLv `.|
39. evnij Dj~g 1/73, m~iv evKvivn 40bs AvqvZi evLv `.|
Contents
21
21
ZvKIqv
evcvi ZvìK DrmvwnZ I AbycvwYZ KiQb| GUvK gywgbi ewk
ej DjL Ki Avjvn gyvKxì f cwiYwZi welq AewnZ KiQb| ZvB
ZvKIqv ARb gywgb Rxebi GKgv j nIqv AwZ AvekK|
nv`xQ ZvKIqv ARbi cwZ Drmvn c`vb

nv`xQ ZvKIqv ARbi cwZ Akl iZvivc Kiv nqQ| ZvKIqvK
Avjvni wbKU mvwbZ nIqvi KviY ejv nqQ| Zgwb ZvKIqv eZxZ
Avgj Keyj nq bv Ges GUvB gywi GKgv Dcvq ej DjL Kiv nqQ|
GmK KwZcq nv`xQ GLvb Dcvcb Kiv njv|-
5 +E#U . /zA0 . N#Z#U0 ?# <Z ? ? D/#/\ #20 #P6 ()
^
?- Z5 ^5 +E#U . /zA0 . N#Z#U0 1eYd P#"'
?- 5_
#/( ;(
(1) Avey ivqiv c nZ ewYZ wZwb ejb, ivm~jyjvn a ejQb,
Zvgiv wK Rvb Kvb wRwbm gvbylK mePq ekx RvbvZ cek Kivq?
Zv nQ Avjvni fq ev ZvKIqv I Dg Pwi| Zvgiv wK Rvb gvbylK
mePq ekx Rvnvbvg cek Kivq Kvb wRwbm? GKwU gyLgj I AciwU
jvvb|40
U#56 u/A0 ? u/A0 ^5 !G0 ? # <Z +b< ? D/#/\ 20 #P6 ()
#;\#0
(2) Avey ivqiv c nZ ewYZ wZwb ejb ivm~j a-K wRm Kiv
nqwQj Kvb jvK mevcv mvwbZ? wZwb ejjb, h jvK AvjvnK
ekx fq Ki ev ZvKIqvkxj, mB mevcv mvwbZ|41
?@ "M ?# <Z ? ? VoU#5: P#2 D/@< #P6 P "M P6 ()
u/=
(3) nvmvb evQvix mvgyiv Beby Ryb`ye c nZ eYbv Kib, wZwb ejb,
ivm~jyjvn a ejQb, eskMie ev AvwfRvZ njv ab-m`| Avi
mvb-Bh&hZ njv ZvKIqv Aej^b Kiv|42
40. wZiwghx, wgkKvZ nv/4621, nv`xQ Qnxn|
41. eyLvix, gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/4676|
Contents
22
ZvKIqv
22
VX"@2 #T"#J H\ #;=2"#S0 INK ?# <Z ? ? V/.6 P#2 X6 #P6 ()
IK +#B- VU'l R#J # bY#@ #; ih2 ih !f u]Q #52 #;=YA VU'0 Y6
%g#Jd2 `L'- H2 N# = N0 +:/2 (A
P#U2
(4) DKev Beby Avgi cnZ ewYZ wZwb ejb, ivm~jyjvn a
ejQb, Zvgvì eskcwiPq Ggb Kvb e bq h, Zvi KviY Zvgiv
AbK Mvjg` Kie| Zvgiv mKjB Av`gi mvb; `vwocvjvi Dfq
w`K hgb mgvb _vK, hLb Zvgiv c~Y Kiwb| xb I ZvKIqv eZxZ
GKi Dci Abi Kvb ghv`v bB| Ze Kvb ewi g` nIqvi Rb
Akxj evKPvix I KcY nIqvB h_|43
+Al `5.#. IK #'h ?# ? # <Z 9@< *S0 VU#J,< #20 #P6 ()
IK k.,f
(5) Avey mvC` Lyìx c nZ ewYZ wZwb bex Kixg a-K ejZ
bQb, Cgvb`vi Qvov KvDK mv_x Ki bv| Avi cinhMvi eZxZ KD
hb Zvgvi Lv` bv Lvq|44
bJ" #9X#0 T#5A @z#J' $ e ?# <Z # ? ? Z v #20 #P6 ()
OM#@ 5"M
(6) Avey hvi cnZ ewYZ wZwb ejb, ivm~jyjvn a AvgvK
ejQb, Zzwg hLvb _vKe AvjvnK fq Kie ev ZvKIqv Aej^b
Kie| Kvb KviY ekZ cvc KvR nq Mj Zvici fvj KvR Kie| Zv
Zvgvi cvcK wgwUq wè|45
OYz. T#,@< . %X8E ?# <Z 8E ? *56 wZ VRS0 #P6 ()
oM#n0 I8W- ? .`/#JzA #;#J=X %g#JY #;=MB ;Y#60 . N# @Y#, # ? 1
1P#J5E #;O #;O\# : ?# <Z
(7) Avbvm c ejb, bex Kixg a GK`v Ggb Lyrev w`jb, hvi gZ
Lyrev Avwg KLbv wbwb| wZwb ejb, hw` Zvgiv RvbZ hv Avwg Rvwb,
42. wZiwghx, Beby gvRvn, wgkKvZ nv/4648|
43. Avngv`, wgkKvZ nv/4693|
44. wZiwghx, Avey `vD`, wgkKvZ nv/4798|
45. wZiwghx, wgkKvZ nv/5083|
Contents
23
23
ZvKIqv
Ze AekB Kg nvmZ Ges ekx Kuv`Z| ZLb ivm~j a-Gi
QvnvexMY Zvì gyL wbPz Ki wbjb Ges bxie Kuv`Z jvMjb|46
5#JY6 +X0 Dgh B @Y- uV # 7v ?# <Z 52 IYn ? VRS0 #P6 ()
]# _!"2 i# A!/2 #S# X#" g- #;=..K #SK ^5 O!0 ?- *O#: 2
VU@M. R(S #
HI ? ; #(YE #P. #..0 #;AZ0 #S- /h#S2 uJ2
?# <Z T#0Z . # .`/#JzA #;#J=X %g#JY #;=MB T#0Z . #;#0Z # UJ2
.Z5 5_ T#0Z ?
(8) Avbvm Beby gvjK cejb, GKw`b ivm~jyjvn a Avgvì mv_
QvjvZ cojb| QvjvZ kl wZwb Avgvì w`K wdi ejjb, n
jvKmKj! wbqB Avwg Zvgvì Bgvg| AZGe Zvgiv Avgvi AvM
iK-wmR`vq hI bv Ges (iK-wmR`v _K) DVv bv| Avi (QvjvZ kl
mvjvg wdwiq) Pj hI bv| Kbbv Avwg ZvgvìK myL I wcQb _K
`LZ cvB| AZtci wZwb ejjb, mB mvi Kmg, huvi nvZ gynvvì
Rxeb! Avwg hv `LwQ Zvgiv hw` Zv `LZ, Zvnj AekB Kg nvmZ
Ges AwaK Kuv`Z| Avgiv ejjvg, n Avjvni ivm~j a! Avcwb wK
`LQb? wZwb ejjb, Avwg RvbvZ I Rvnvbvg `LwQ|47
1*!2Z *@[Y=J< IK U'0 #;=#5. . ?# <Z ? ? V;' P#2
U6 #P6 ()
uU . IK
/ g- *#5. P@#0 /)#5J- *X_#M o_' 1N@:#/ *5#J2 *5#J2 R#J
Z5 IK
/ g- *#U P#J2 /)#5 1uU . IK
/ g- *#5. ul#c0 /)#5 1*Y@6 #P.
VD/#@ eL2 # Z5 - 1*O#: $Y
(9) Av`x Beb nvZg c ejb, ivm~ja ejQb, Zvgvì
cZKi mv_ Zvgvì cwZcvjK mvgbv-mvgwb K_v ejeb, ew I Zvi
cwZcvjKi gvS Kvb `vfvlx _vKe bv Ges Ggb Kvb c`vI _vKe bv,
hv ZvK Avovj Ki ivLe| m Zvi Wvb ZvKve ZLb Zvi c~e cwiZ
Avgj Qvov Avi wKQz `LZ cve bv| Avevi evg ZvKvjI c~e cwiZ
Avgj Qvov Avi wKQzB `LZ cve bv| Avi mvgbi w`K ZvKvj Rvnvbvg
Qvov Avi wKQz `LZ cve bv, hv Zvi GKevi myL AewZ| myZivs
46. eyLvix nv/4621; gymwjg nv/6268|
47. gymwjg nv/426; bvmvC nv/1363|
Contents
24
ZvKIqv
24
LRyii wewbgq njI Rvnvbvg _K euvPvi Pv Ki wKsev LRyii Qvj
48
mgcwigvY njI Rvnvbvgi Avb _K euvPvi Pv Ki|
#@L S#U ?# ? # <Z T#,@< ? ] #<$p P#2 ]U@ P6 ()
R
- V/.6 P#2 ;#JY< ? .V+#J. ZU@A #;O#5. N# = ' eYd P. .J u#
? .P#J, *2 +M= #
HI +#J@ u0 {#Z$p -".0 +#J@2 #5#, . #
Z#]0 .
#P. #;O#5. *#JX#,A K N# = #P. #;O#5@- }/, - #;O@#60 Z#U Y6 ^5 N# =J.`._K }/, *@_Y #P. #;O#5. *# ' K N# = #P. #;O#5. *#JXAZ K N# =
.*#J- K UJ2 ?# <Z Zc0 ?
(10) wgK&`v` Bebyj AvmIqv` c ejb, Avwg ivm~ja-K ejZ
bwQ, wKqvgZi w`b m~hK mwKzji AwZ wbKU Ki Ìqv ne|
GgbwK m~h cvq GK gvBji eeavb nq hve| myjvBg Beby Avgi
ejb, Avjvni Kmg! Avwg Rvwb bv h, gvBj viv hgxbi `~iZ evSvbv
nqQ, bv-wK hv viv PvL myigv jvMvbv nq Zv evSvbv nqQ| ZLb
gvbyl m~hi Zvc ^xq Avgj AbycvZ Nvgi ga Wye _vKe| Nvg Kviv
UvLby ch ne, Kviv nuvUz ch ne, Kviv Nvg Kvgi ch ne, Avi
Kviv Rb G Nvg jvMvg nq hve| G K_vwU ej bex KixgawbRi
49
gyLi w`K nvZ viv BwZ Kijb|
' .J u# ^5 }/#, ? ?# <Z IN0 D/#/\ #20 #P6 ()
#;OSvQ Y#X ' #;O@_Y 1`6Zv P#J,#X< {#Z$p - #;O/6 \H
(11) Avey ivqiv c ejb, bex Kixga ejQb, wKqvgZi w`b
mg gvbyl Ngv nq coe| GgbwK Zvì Nvg hgxbi mi MR ch
Qwoq hve, Nvg Zvì jvMvg cwiYZ ne, GgbwK Nvg Zvì Kvb ch
cuQe|50
P# . `2H6 Z5 +#\0 N #\0 NI K ?# <Z ? ? V/#JL2 P#2 N@#,!5 P6 ()
IN0
/ . +:#/@ Y#W @A *y.] @O#5. #Y#W VZS #P. NA/c Ng#,S *
`2H6 #;OS #\$p *SK `2H6 *#5. !Uc0 Ù'0
48. eyLvix nv/7512; gymwjg nv/2395; wgkKvZ nv/5550|
49. gymwjg nv/7385, wKqvgZ wèmi eYbv AbyQ`; wgkKvZ nv/5540|
Contents
25
25
ZvKIqv
(12) bvgvb Beb evkxicejb, ivm~jaejQb, Rvnvbvgxì
ga mePq mnR kvw H ewi ne hvK Avbi wdZvmn `ywU RyZv
civbv ne| GZ Zvi gv_vi gMR Ggbfve dzUZ _vKe hgb Rj
Pzjvi Dci Zvgvi cv dzUZ _vK| m gb Kie Zvi Pq KwVb kvw
Avi KD fvM KiQ bv| A_P mB ne mnRZi kvwcv ew|51
0 N# ,#X< O VHb.# ;5O_2 # # ?# <Z ? ? U#X6 #P6 ()
OS#!/_ VkY. 0 N# ,#X< Vu.~ [+A 9. Vu.~
(13) Avyjvn Beb gvm&D`cejb, ivm~jaejQb, wKqvgZi w`b
RvnvbvgK Ggb Aevq Ub wbq hvIqv ne h, Zvi mi nvRvi jvMvg
ne Ges cwZwU jvMvgi mv_ mi nvRvi dikZv _vKeb| Zuviv
RvnvbvgK Ub wnuPo wePvii gvV DcwZ Kieb|52
I K I+ u# *[Y #- ;OY) ,#X< ? X5 P6 D/#/\ #20 #P6 ()
/E vK U_#"@2 %IY,. *XY NA +:Z D]X,2 lLS oc ?]6 u.K *Y
/Av +:Z /( kv Y6 ,@#:- - 2M Ng:Z *#JK ]# , ' *#5.
E0 #SK ?- V?@: V"' 7v D0/#. *#6] +:Z 5#J6 #Tw(- `JE $
.*5#J@ e(#5 . *@c ;Y#, ' \(#El- VUh2 }Uh +:Z $
(14) Avey ivqiv c ejb, ivm~j a ejQb, mvZ kYxi jvKK
Avjvn Zuvi Qvqv wèb, hw`b Zuvi Qvqv Qvov Avi Kvb Qvqv _vKe bv| (1)
bvqcivqY kvmK, (2) mB hyeK h Avjvni Bev`Z eo nqQ, (3) m
ew hvi Ai me`v gmwRì mv_ m _vK, mLvb _K ei nq
Avmvi ci Z_vq wdi bv hvIqv ch, (4) Ggb `yB ew hviv Avjvni
Iqv ciiK fvjevm| Avjvni Iqv Dfq wgwjZ nq Ges Zuvi
RbB c_K nq hvq, (5) Ggb ew h wbRb AvjvnK iY Ki Avi
Zvi `yB Pz Ak cevwnZ KiZ _vK, (6) Ggb ew hvK Kvb mv
myìx bvix Avnvb Ki Avi m ej Avwg AvjvnK fq Kwi Ges (7) m
ew h Mvcb `vb Ki| GgbwK Zvi evg nvZ RvbZ cvi bv, Zvi Wvb
nvZ wK `vb Ki|53
51. eyLvix nv/6561-62; gymwjg nv/538-39; wZiwghx nv/2604; wgkKvZ nv/5667-68|
52. gymwjg nv/7343; wZiwghx nv/2573; wgkKvZ nv/5666|
53. eyLvix nv/660; gymwjg nv/2427; wgkKvZ nv/701|
Contents
26
ZvKIqv
26
/B' @Y- *"(S Y6 +:Z /#<0 ? X5 P6 D/#/\ #20 #P6 ()
#/ - #S#Zv ; #S# M#< ; #S# /#'l- !T. S0 vK ?- *#J52 n#0 7# @
# Y,(- ? .Ù'0 *2 *2IH6 . `2H6 #52[H,J #2Z Y6 ZU #Pb - 1/#MX . Y6 kY@' . * ?- ;m \ v- .7HE0 .
]0 {#Z$ ?- *2 kv
.kH2 * /(W- .k-d. ? #0 oZ kJ#LE ?- T#,5n
(15) Avey ivqiv c bex Kixg a _K eYbv Kib, GK ew
wbRi Dci hyjyg (cvcvPvi) KiwQj| hLb Zvi gZzi mgq nvwhi njv,
ZLb m Zvi mvbì AwQqZ Ki ejj, Avwg gviv Mj AvgvK Avb
fwf~Z Kie| AZtci QvB wcl P~Y-weP~Y Ki dje| Gici mgy`
cej evqyi ga mjv wbc Kie| Avjvni Kmg! hw` Avgvi
cwZcvjK AvgvK cvKovI KiZ cvib, Zvnj AvgvK Ggb fqven
kvw èb, hv Ab KvDK `bwb| wZwb ejb, Zvi cyiv Zvi AwQqZ
gZ KvR Kij| AZtci Avjvn hgxbK ejjb, Zzwg Zvi `n _K hv
MnY KiQ, Zv diZ `vI| dj m mvRv ùvwoq Mj| Avjvn ZvK
wRm Kijb, GB KvR KiZ wKm ZvgvK civwPZ KiQ? m ejj,
n cfy! Avcbvi fq| GRb Avjvn ZvK gv Ki `b|54
J#LE #P. =2 +:Z Z5 Y ?# <Z ? ? D/#/\ #20 #P6 ()
.;5O: NE] +#JX< #- ZXy 9@#_ i#/B - PXIY ]# , '
(16) Avey ivqiv c ejb, ivm~j a ejQb, h ew Avjvni fq
Kuv` m Rvnvbvg hve bv| `ya hgb Mvfxi Ijvb wdi hvIqv Ame|
Avjvni c_i ayjv Ges Rvnvbvgi Avb GK mv_ Rgv ne bv|55
Dciv AvjvPbv _K myic cwZfvZ nq h, ivm~j a ZvKIqv
ARbi Rb wb`k I Dc`k w`qQb| mv_ mv_ ZvKIqvi dhxjZ
eYbv Ges Rvnvbvg _K fxwZ c`kb Ki gvbylK ZvKIqvkxj nIqvi
Rb DrmvwnZ KiQb| G nv`xQjv _K wkv MnY Ki Avgiv c~Y
ZvKIqvkxj gvbyl nZ cvij Avgvì BnKvj I ciKvj myLgq ne|
Avjvn Avgvì ZvIdxK `vb Kib|
54. eyLvix nv/6481; gymwjg nv/2756; Beby gvRvn nv/4255|
55. wZiwghx nv/1633; bvmvC nv/3108; Qnxn ZviMxe nv/1269, 3324; wgkKvZ nv/3828|
Contents
27
ZvKIqv
27
ZvKIqvi vb
ZvKIqv `kgvb e bq| Kbbv Zv Aii welq| mRb ivm~j a
gvbyli Ai cwivi I cwi Kivi K_v ejQb| ZvKIqvi vb
mK ivm~jyjvn a ejb, V7/. g
Z#Un K /#JL 5\\

ZvKIqv ev AvjvnfxwZ GLvb _vK| GK_v ej wZwb wZbevi wbRi
ei w`K Bkviv Kijb|56 ZvKIqv hnZz Ai _vK ZvB Avjvni
0
ivm~j a Ai cwivi Kivi K_v ejQb| wZwb ejb, - INK
0 *YA U"_ U"- #7U"- vK *YA U"_ Yn #TMYn vK %W#B. U"_
Y \ gb iL wbqB gvbyli `n GKwU MvkZ wc AvQ hv,
wVK _vKj mgM `nB wVK _vK| Avi Zvi weKwZ NUj mg `niB
weKwZ NU| m MvkZi UzKivwU njv Ai|57 Ab nv`xQ GmQ,
u # @#d. +A ? +B-0 ^5 !G0 ?# </ +#J ? V/#@6 P#2 U#X6 #P6
\ ? Y u# @#d. @- *-/#,S N"[Y }#Un # N"[Y }#Un Y
U"' I+y #W2 *#J- ;K !5 !
Avyjvn Beby Avgi ejb, GK`v ivm~j a-K ejv njv, mePq Dg
gvbyl K? wZwb ejjb, cZK gvLg~gyj Kvje Ges Q`~Kzj wjmvb|
QvnvexMY ejjb, Avgiv wRnvi mZevw`Zv eywS, wK gvLg~gyj Kvje eywS
bv| bex Kixg a ejjb, m nQ Ggb ew h cinhMvi Ges
wbjyl| Avi cinhMvi Ggb ew (1) hvi ga cvc bB, (2) mxgvjsNb
bB (3) wLqvbZ bB (4) wnsmv bB|58
Avi gnvb Avjvn gvbyli H cwi I LvjQ Aii w`K j Kib|
ivm~jyjvn a ejb, K /)#5 #P= #;= #.0 #;AZ n K /)#5 $ INK
#;=@#60 #;=2# Y wbqB Avjvn ZvAvjv Zvgvì evwnK AvKwZ I

m` `Lb bv; eis wZwb Zvgvì Ai I Avgji cwZ j Kib|59
58. Beby gvRvn nv/4216|
Contents
28
ZvKIqv
28
Dciv AvjvPbv _K eySv hvq h, ZvKIqvi vb nQ Ai, hv
`kgvb bq| Ze gvbyli Kg I AvPiY Zvi ewntcKvk NU| cvi
mr Avgj bv Ki Ges Avjvni wbwl welq cwinvi bv Ki AvjvnK fq
Kivi gwLK `vex Aevi| Ggb jvKK cKZ gywgbI ejv hvq bv|
Kvb Kvb vb AvjvnK fq KiZ ne

AvjvnK mevevq I meLvb fq KiZ ne| Gi bvgB cKZ ZvKIqv|
Mvcb I cKvk, jvKPzi Aivj I RbvKxY cwiek, wbR GjvKv ev
evoxZ wKsev mdi, ^`k ev we`k h hLvb Aevb KiK bv Kb me`v
meLvb AvjvnK fq KiZ ne| G evcvi nv`xQ GmQ, ivm~j a Avey
hvi wMdvixK ejb, T#5A @z#J' $ e Zzwg hLvb _vKe AvjvnK fq
Kie ev ZvKIqv Aej^b Kie|60 AvjvPbv myweav_ I mKji
mnRevaZvi Rb G welqwUK `yfvM fvM Ki Dcvcb Kiv njv|(K) Mvcb I cKvk :
mevevq AvjvnK h_vme fq KiZ ne| G gg nv`xQ GmQ,
# 5n#0 ?# <Z ?- P@J K %v,. ,2 X5 IN0 VZ" P#2 86 #P6
TY@6 vK V/_c V/_' +A U#56 $ /Av T#,8#< .
2 k#JY6 ?
JSg,2 JSg, /"2 /" 2# \U#56 U#'l- %bJ<
AvZv Beb Bqvmvi c ejb, bex Kixg a hLb gyAvh c-K
Bqvgvb cvVvb, ZLb gyAvh ejwQjb, n Avjvni ivm~j a! AvgvK
wKQz Dc`k w`b| bex Kixg a ejjb, Zvgvi Rb h_vme ZvKIqv
Aej^b Kiv hiix| AvjvnK iY Ki cZK cv_i I MvQi wbKU|
Avi Kvb cvc KvR Kij Zvi Rb ZIev Ki| cvc cKvk nj ZIev
cKvk Ki; cvc Mvcb nj ZIev Mvcb Ki|61
Ab ivm~j a ejb, 7l<0 vK *JSg6 3/#.0 /< #-
2 k#Jn0
P #J2 %S.0 #X kf# < < NK %b#Jc Ù'0 Pl#" P# "#'lP#J5 Avwg ZvgvK AwQqZ KiwQ, Zvgvi Mvcb I cKvk KvR
AvjvnfxwZi| Avi hLb Zzwg cvc KvR Kie Zvici fvj KvR Kie|
61. wmjwmjv Qnxnvn nv/3320|
Contents
29
29
ZvKIqv
Kvb ewi wbKU Kvb wKQz PvBe bv| GgbwK Zvgvi PveyK co MjI
(DwVq w`Z eje bv)| AvgvbZi LqvbZ Kie bv| `yRbi gvS
dvqQvjv Kie bv|62
DjL, Avey hvi c-Gi `yejZvi KviY AvgvbZ MnY I wee`gvb
welq dvqQvjv KiZ ivm~j a wbla KiQb| Kbbv Zuvi c
dvqQvjv Kiv KwVb ne ej ivm~j a gb KiQb|63
ZvKIqvi welq ejv mnR wK KvR cwiYZ Kiv KwVb| Kvb Kvb gvbyl
G evcvi D`vmxb Ges Zvi cwZ Avjvni cZ`wkZvi K_v weZ nq
hvq| wK G cZK gywgbKB mRvM I mPZb nIqv AwZ hiix|
ivm~j a Rbgvbenxb vb wKsev AwZ msMvcbI AcKg KiZ wbla
KiQb| wZwb ejb, vK k"(52 *Y,( g- k#5. ^5 / N0 T#\/A .
# YE h KvR Zzwg gvbyli `Lv Acm` Ki, Zv Zzwg GKvKx wbRbI
7
g
Kie bv|64 wZwb Aviv ejb, 1JSg, /" - J#LE 7J_#5.
BW w/ - ?U, 1/( 5W - U #h cwivY `vbKvix
wZbwU welq nQ Mvcb I cKvk AvjvnK fq Kiv, mQjZv I `vwiì
ga gacv Aej^b Kiv Ges mvl I Amvl bvqwePvi Kiv|65
(L) ^xq Aevb j I mdi :
^`k-we`k, wbR evox ev cii evox me AvjvnK fq KiZ ne| G
gg nv`xQ GmQ,
.#5n#l- /-<0 N0 U#Z0 #SK ?# <Z ? %g:Z IN0 D/#/\ #20 #P6
;OIY ? +:/ I N0 @Y- .V/c [+A Y6 /#JX=
2 k#JY6 ?
/(" *#JY6 N \ {#Z$p * f
n Avjvni ivm~j a! Avwg mdi hvIqvi gbt KiwQ| AZGe AvgvK
Dc`k w`b| wZwb ejb, Zzwg AekB AvjvnfxwZ (ZvKIqv) Aej^b
62. Qnxj Rvg nv/2544; wmjwmjv Qnxnvn nv/4309|
63. wgiAvZ 11/349|
64. Qnxj Rvg nv/5659; Qnxnvn nv/1055, mb` nvmvb|
65. Qnxj Rvg nv/3039; Qnxn AvZ-ZviMxe nv/2607; wmjwmjv Qnxnvn nv/1802|
Contents
30
ZvKIqv
30
Kie Ges cwZwU DP vb AvivnYKvj ZvKexi awb wè| jvKwU hLb
Pj hvwQj ZLb ivm~jyjvn a ejjb, n Avjvn Zvi c_ `~iZ
msKzwPZ Ki `vI Ges mdi Zvi Rb mnRmva Ki `vI|66
bex Kixg a gvbylK we`vq Ìqvi mgq ejZb, k5#] $ i]# #<0
@z#J' /#Jd k /" kX#Sv /(y

3]~ kY@6 /EQ k
S.0
T#5A Avwg Zvgvi xb, Zvgvi AvgvbZ I Zvgvi kl KgK Avjvni
wbKU MwQZ ivLjvg| Avjvn ZvgvK cinhMvwiZv `vb Kib| Avjvn
Zvgvi Mvbvn gvd Kib Ges Avjvn Zvgvi Rb KjvYK mnR Ki w`b
Zzwg hLvbB _vK|67
DcwiD AvjvPbv _K cZxqgvb nq h, Rxebi cwZwU c`, cwZwU
w`K I wefvM ZvKIqv ev AvjvnfxwZ wbq PjZ ne| ZvKIqvnxb Avgj
Avjvni KvQ MnYxq bq| ZvKIqvkxj gvbyl `ywbqv I AvwLivZ mvwbZ
nq| ZvB Avgiv mevevq ZvKIqvkxj nZ Pv Kwi| Avjvn Avgvì
mveBK gyvKx nIqvi ZvIdxK `vb Kib|
ZvKIqvi ghv`v I iZ
gvbe Rxeb ZvKIqv ev AvjvnfxwZi iZ I ghv`v Acwimxg| Gi
wfwZB gvbyli KgKv gnvb Avjvni KvQ MnYxq ev eRbxq nq| GUvB
Avjvni KvQ gvbyli mvb I ghv`v jvfi gvag| ZvB ZvKIqv gvbe
Rxeb weklZ gywgb Rxebi AZxe iZc~Y welq| wbg ZvKIqvi ghv`v
I iZi wewfb w`K DjL Kiv njv|1. c~eeZx I cieZx mKji cwZ ZvKIqv Aej^bi Rb Avjvni wb`k :
mwi m~PbvjM _K cw_exZ hZ gvbyl GmQ Ges Avme mKji cwZ
gnvb Avjvn ZvKIqv Aej^bi Av`k w`qQb| Avjvn ejb, 5#Jn #U
$ N0 #;AK #;=Y#X #P. o= #0 P#HI Zvgvì c~e hvìK
wKZve Ìqv nqQ ZvìK I ZvgvìK wb`k w`qwQ h, Zvgiv
AvjvnK fq Kie (wbmv 4/131)| cwe KziAvbi cvq 200wU vb Avjvn
66. wZiwghx nv/3445; wgkKvZ nv/2438|
67. Avey `vD`, wZiwghx, wgkKvZ nv/2324|
Contents
31
31
ZvKIqv
ZvKIqvi welq DjL KiQb| Gwji ga iqQ ZvKIqvi iZ,
ghv`v, dhxjZ I cyivi cfwZ| KziAvb GZ AwaKevi G welqwU DjL
Kivi viv Gi iZ mnRB AbywgZ nq|
2. bex Kixg a KZK ^xq DZK ZvKIqv Aej^bi Dc`k I wb`k :

ivm~jyjvn a ^xq DZK ZvKIqv ARbi Rb weklfve wb`k I
Dc`k w`qQb Ges Gi cwZ wekl iZvivc KiQb| G mK
KwZcq nv`xQ wbg DjL Kiv njv|bex Kvixg a gvbylK ZvKIqv Aej^b KiZ ejZb, weklZ Kv_vI
Kvb Awfhvb ciYKvj wZwb cavb mbvcwZK ZvKIqvkxj nIqvi Rb
Av`k KiZb| hgb myjvqgvb Beb eyivq`v c Zuvi wcZv nZ eYbv
Kib, Zvi wcZv ejb, Y6 `/#J.0 /.0 vK ;Y< *JY6 Yn ?# <Z NA
`/#JE P#J@Y#"@ #P. *,. #P.

2 *nE #- n#0 V/< #0 Vj#J:
A_vr ivm~j a hLb Kvb mb`ji Avgxi wbaviY KiZb, ZLb ZvK
weklfve AvjvnK fq Kivi Z_v ZvKIqv Aej^b Kivi Rb Av`k
KiZb Ges mvaviY gymwjg hvvìK ZvKIqv ARbi Dc`k
w`Zb|68
ivm~jyjvn a gyAvh Beb Rvevj c-K Bqgb ciYKvj
ZvKIqvkxj nIqvi Dc`k `b| nv`xQ GmQ,
?# <Z *,. /E P@J K ?# <Z *z,2 @ ? V+X: P#2 v,. #P6
v,. ? /- @Y- *Y'Z T#M #L#@ ?# <Z AZ v,. *#Jn#
#G/#X #0 #GU_#"@2 /@ N0 kIY, #0 H\ #.6 U#,2 #SY N0 "6 kSK
?- 5#U@ #MS *O#: 2 +Xl- T( ; ?# <Z }/( `,L: v,. =X# SA #J' # SA #P. N# @ 2 ^5 #0 INK
gyAvh Beby Rvevj cejb, hLb ivm~j a ZvK Bqvgvb cvVvb,
ZLb wZwb ZvK Dc`k `qvi Rb Zvi mv_ ei njb| gyAvh mIqvixi
Dci AvivnY Kijb Ges bex Kixg a mIqvixi bxP wQjb| wZwb
68. gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/3929; eyj~j gvivg nv/1268|
Contents
32
ZvKIqv
32
Dc`k kl ejjb, gyAvh! meZ G eQii ci Zvgvi mv_ Avgvi
Avi mvvr ne bv| Zzwg Avgvi gmwR` I Keii cvk w`q cvi nq
hve| gyAvh cbex Kixg a-Gi wewQbZvq wPrKvi Ki Kuv`Z
jvMjb Ges g`xbvi w`K wdi `Ljb| Zvici bex Kixg a ejjb,
ZvKIqvkxj ewivB mePq Avgvi wbKU| Zviv hB nvK bv Kb,
hLvbB nvK bv Kb?69
ivm~j a ^xq Kbv dvwZgv i-KI ZvKIqvkxj nIqvi Dc`k
`b| wZwb ejb, k S0 Y" ;#,S *S- #G/X#n $ - AZGe
dvwZgv Zzwg AvjvnK fq Ki ev cinhMvi nI Ges ah aviY Ki| Avwg
Zvgvi Rb Dg AMhvx|70
ivm~jyjvn a-Gi wbKU QvnvexMY Dc`k PvBj wZwb ZvìK c_gZ
ZvKIqvkxj nIqvi Dc`k w`Zb| hgb-
% W#JY2 %)6# . 5)6 - 5#JY6 +X0 ; Vu# 7v ?# <Z 52 IYn {2#/, P6
H\ INlA ?# <Z +m ?- o# Y O#5. #TY: N# J, O#5. #T-Zv
NK 6I8 9#@"
2 #;=#Jn0 ?- 5#JK UO#, v@- Vi] . )6# .
#5"2 #;=#JY,- `/#JzA %-g#E
/J"- #GU#,2 #;=#5. #j, #P. *S- JLX' Ù#X6 NA
#;AK H: 52 O#JY6 # !B6 O2 # ="@ P#JU#O@ P#Uc/ (Yd 5<
gw V6#U2 I+A 6#U2 VU#M. I+A IN- Z# .l 7U#M.
Bievh Beb mvwiqv c nZ ewYZ, wZwb ejb, GK`v ivm~j a
Avgvì mv_ dRii QvjvZ Av`vq Kijb| AZtci Avgvì w`K gyL
Ki Avgvì Dk Ggb GK ggkx bQxnZ Kijb, hvZ Pz mg~n
Ak cevwnZ Kij Ges Ai mg~n fxZ-wenj njv| G mgq GK ew
ej DVj, n Avjvni ivm~j a! G gb nQ we`vq MnYi Dc`k|
AvgvìK Aviv wKQz Dc`k w`b| ZLb bex Kixg a ejjb, Avwg
ZvgvìK AvjvnK fq Kivi ev ZvKIqvkxj nIqvi Dc`k w`wQ Ges
bZvi K_v bZ I Zvi AvbyMZ KiZ Dc`k w`wQ, bZv ev Bgvg
nvekx Mvjvg njI| Avgvi ci Zvgvì ga hviv RxweZ _vKe, Zviv
69. Qnxn Beb wnevb nv/646; wmjwmjv Qnxnvn nv/2497; wgkKvZ nv/5227|
Contents
33
33
ZvKIqv
A w`bi gaB AbK gZweiva `LZ cve| ZLb Zvgviv Avgvi
mybvZK Ges mrc_ cv Lyjvdvq ivk`xbi mybvZK AuvKo aie Ges
ZvK gvwoi ùvZ w`q kfve ai _vKe| AZGe mveavb Zvgiv (xbi
evcvi wKZve I mybvni evBi) bZzb m KvR nZ euP _vKe| Kbbv
cZK bZzb KvRB weÀvZ Ges cZK weÀvZB Zv|71
ivm~j a ^xq QvnvexìK ZvKIqvkxj nIqvi Rb wewfbfve Av`kDc`k w`Zb| hgb nv`xQ GmQ,
P O2 +@#,J- 7@Y= \ #56 HEl #P. ?# <Z ? ? D/#/\ #20 #P6
U,- #GUJ2 HEl- ?# <Z S0 TY- D/#/\ # 20 ?- PO2 +@#, #P. ;[Y, #0
5y0 #P= k ;" @2 {#Z ^5 UX#60 #P= uZM@ e ? `"#@E
`@Y#". #P= k"(5 !M . ^5Y '0 `5.#. #P= 3Z: K #P"#'0 ^5
Y T#J@ kMB D/zA IN- kMB /z=
Avey ivqiv c nZ ewYZ wZwb ejb, ivm~jyjvn a ejQb, K
Avgvi wbKU _K GB evKmg~n MnY Kie, AZtci m Abyhvqx Avgj
Kie? A_ev wZwb ejjb, K Avgvi wbKU _K wkL be mwj
Avgj Kivi Rb? Avey ivqiv c ejb, Avwg ejjvg, Avwg n
Avjvni ivm~j a! ZLb wZwb Avgvi nvZ aijb Ges cuvPwU welq MYbv
Kijb| wZwb ejjb, Zzwg wbwl welqwj _K euP _vKe, Zvnj
Zzwg mevwaK Bev`Zhvi gvbyl nZ cvie| Avjvn Zvgvi Rb hv wbaviY
KiQb, Zvi cwZ Zzwg m _vKe, Zvnj Zzwg mek abx gvbyl nZ
cvie| cwZekxi mv_ Dg AvPiY Kie, Zvnj gywgb nZ cvie|
Zzwg wbRi Rb hv cm` Ki, Acii RbI Zv cm` Kie, Zvnj Zzwg
gymwjg nZ cvie| Avi Zzwg AwaK nvme bv| KviY ekx nvmj Ai
gi hvq|72 Ab GKwU nv`xQ GmQ,
_' # - 8#d ;IY< *#JY6 IYn ?# <Z T#,@< ? ..0 #20 #P6
DA~ #]! 0 #;A/#Oc # .# n #;="#@E # Yn #;=2Z $ ?- i
]
#;=2Z 5: # YE#U #;A/#.0 v # ,#Jf0 #;= #.0
71. Avey `vD`, wgkKvZ nv/158|
72. wZiwghx nv/2305; wgkKvZ nv/1571; wmjwmjv Qnxnvn nv/930, mb` nvmvb|
Contents
34
ZvKIqv
34
Avey Dgvgv evnjx c ejb, Avwg ivm~j a-K we`vq ni Lyrev
c`vb KiZ bwQ| wZwb ejwQjb, n gvbyl! Zvgiv Zvgvì
cwZcvjK AvjvnK fq Ki| cuvP Iqv QvjvZ Av`vq Ki, ivgvhvb gvmi
wQqvg cvjb Ki, Zvgvì mì hvKvZ c`vb Ki, Zvgvì bZvì
AvbyMZ Ki, Zvnj Zvgiv Zvgvì cwZcvjKi RvbvZ cek
Kie|73 Aci GKwU nv`xQ GmQ,
1V#c [+A ^0Z *S- 1

2 k#Jn#0 ?# <Z ? ? V/2: #P6
*S- 1NQ#/ Dg 1 /AH2 k#JY6 1ug#< JSX#\Z *S- 1]O_2 k#JY6
{#Z$p - 3/Av 1@" - k'#Z
Rvwei c nZ ewYZ wZwb ejb, ivm~jyjvn a ejQb, n Rvei!
Avwg ZvgvK Avjvnfxi nIqvi Rb Dc`k w`wQ| wbqB ZvKIqvB
nQ me wKQzi KjvYi g~j| Zvgvi Dci wRnv` hiix| KviY wRnv`B
nQ Bmjvgi eivM| Avjvni whKi Ki Ges KziAvb ZjvIqvZ Ki|
KviY G `ywU nQ AvKvk kvw jvfi gvag Ges hgxb myLvwZ ARbi
gvag|74 Ab nv`xQ GmQ,

2 k#Jn#0 V+:/ ? ;IY< *#JY6 IYn ?# <Z IN0 D/#/\ #20 #P6
V/c [+A Y6 /#JX=
Avey ivqiv c ejb, ivm~j a GKRb ewK ejjb, Avwg
ZvgvK AvjvnfxwZ Aej^b Kivi Av`k KiwQ| Avi cZK DuPz vb
75
Avjv AvKevi ejvi Rb ejwQ|
ivm~j a Qvnvevq KivgK hgb ZvKIqvkxj nIqvi wb`k w`Zb,
Zgwb wbRI ZvKIqvkxj nIqvi Rb Avjvni KvQ wbgv `vAv
KiZb- 5W (, !
UO kl#<0 #SK ;OIY ?# NA *S0 n
Avjvn! Avwg Zvgvi wbKU mwVK c_, cinhMvwiZv, Mvbvn nZ wbjylZv
76
Ges Abi gyLvcx nIqv _K Avkq PvB|
73. wZiwghx nv/616; Beyb wnevb nv/795|
75. Beby gvRvn nv/2771, nv`xQ Qnxn|
Contents
35
ZvKIqv
35
bex Kixg a gvbylK we`vq Ìqvi mgq ejZb, k5#] $ i]# #<0
@z#J' /#Jd k /" kX#Sv /(y

3]~ kY@6 /EQ k
S.0
T#5A Avwg Zvgvi xb, Zvgvi AvgvbZ I Zvgvi klKgK Avjvni
wbKU MwQZ ivLjvg| Avjvn ZvgvK cinhMvwiZv `vb Kib| Avjvn
Zvgvi Mvbvn gvd Kib Ges Avjvn Zvgvi Rb KjvYK mnR Ki w`b
77
Zzwg hLvbB _vK|
3. cw_exZ AvMZ mKj bex-ivm~ji Dc`k wQj ZvKIqv Aej^bi :
Av`g b_K klbex gynvv` a ch 315 Rb ivm~j mn GK j
Pwek nvhvi cqMî cw_exZ cwiZ nb|78 cZKi `vIqvZ wQj
ZvKIqv Aej^bi| cwe KziAvb KqKRb bexi `vIqvZi welqwU Zzj
aviv nqQ| hgb Avjvn ejb, #;O ? vK 1P#JY<#/@ V# S u# #T2IHA
N# 0 # S #;\ # E0 b~ni mc`vq ivm~jMYi cwZ wg_vivc KiwQj|
hLb Zvì vZv b~n ZvìK ejj, Zvgiv wK ZvKIqv Aej^b Kie
bv? (Aviv 26/105-106)| wZwb Aviv ejb, ? vK 1P#JY<#/@ ]6 #T2IHA
N# 0 ]# \ #;\# E0 #;O Av`-mc`vq ivm~jMYK wg_v cwZcb
KiwQj| hLb Zvì vZv n~` ZvìK ejj, Zvgiv wK ZvKIqv
Aej^b Kie bv? (Aviv 26/123-124)| Ab wZwb ejb, ]# @ #T2IHA
N# 0 n #;\# E0 #;O ? vK 1PJ#Y<#/@ Qvg~` mc`vq ivm~jMYK
wg_v cwZcb KiwQj| hLb Zvì vZv Qvwjn ZvìK ejj, Zvgiv wK
ZvKIqvkxj ne bv? (Aviv 26/141-142)| Avjvn Aviv ejb, u# #T2IHA
N# 0 # #;\# E0 #;O ? vK 1P#JY<#/@ V# j~Zi mc`vq ivm~jMYK
wg_v cwZcb KiwQj| hLb Zvì vZv j~Z ZvìK ejj, Zvgiv wK
fq Kie bv? (Aviv 26/160-161)| wZwb Aviv ejb, k!2Z
]S vK
N# 0 N# 6#/- u# 1P#J@I) u# Tm N0 <# . iY Ki, hLb Zvgvi
77. Avey `vD`, wZiwghx, wgkKvZ nv/2324|
78. Avngv`, ZvevivYx, wgkKvZ nv/5737 wKqvgZi Aev Aavq; wmjwmjv Qnxnvn nv/2668|
Contents
36
ZvKIqv
36
cwZcvjK g~mvK WK ejjb, Zzwg hvwjg mc`vqi wbKU hvI,
wdiAvIb mc`vqi wbKU; Zviv wK fq Ki bv? (Aviv 26/10-11)|
Gfve Abvb ivm~jMYI Zuvì AbymvixìK ZvKIqv Z_v AvjvnfxwZ
ARbi `vIqvZ w`Zb|
4. ZvKIqv Aej^b c~em~ixì AwQqZ :

Qvnvex, ZveC, Zve ZveCmn c~em~ix gbxlxMY gvbylK ZvKIqvkxj
nIqvi Rb bQxnZ KiZb| nvdh Beby iRe ejb, mvjvd Qvjnxb
me`v gvbylK ZvKIqvi Dc`k w`Zb| hgb(1) Avey eKi c Lyrev c`vbKvj ejZb, Avwg ZvgvìK Dc`k
w`wQ AvjvnfxwZ ARbi, Zuvi h_vh_ cksmv Kivi, Kvb wKQz Kvgbvi
mv_ fxZ nIqvi, Kvb wKQz cv_bvi webqi mswgkY NUvbvi|79
Kbbv Avjvn hvKvwiqv I Zuvi cwievi-cwiRbi cksmv KiQb| wZwb
ejb, 5 # SA %X\Z %XyZ 5S# 6#U 7/#Jd - N# 6Z" # SA #;OSK
PJ#,cE Zviv mrKg cwZhvwMZv KiZ, Zviv AvgvìK WvKZ Avkv I

fxwZi mv_ Ges Zviv wQj Avgvì wbKU webxZ (Avw^qv 21/90)|
hLb Avey eKi c-Gi gZzi mgq Nwbq Avm Ges Igii wbKU _K
cwZkwZ MnY Kib, ZLb wZwb Igi c-K WK wewfb Dc`k
w`jb| ZvK wZwb c_g hv ejjb, Zv nQ /@6 e n Igi!
AvjvnK fq Ki|80
(2) Igi Bebyj Lvve c ^xq cy Avyjvni wbKU c wjLjb G
ej h, *w/0 P. P. *S- 1+: a6
2 kJn0 -
.kXY g: kJ5J6 hS

+,: 1]~ /=c P. 1a: A_vr Avwg
ZvgvK Dc`k w`wQ ZvKIqv ev AvjvnfxwZ ARb Kivi| Kbbv h
AvjvnK fq Ki, Avjvn ZvK iv Kib| h ZuvK fq Kie bv Avjvn
ZvK kvw wèb| Avi h Zuvi KZZv vcb Kie, wZwb ZvK ew Ki
wèb| ZvKIqvK Zvgvi PvLi gwY I Aii DjZv ewKvix Ki
bvI|81
79. W. Avngv` dix`, AvZ-ZvKIqv, ct 13-14|
81. Zè, ct 14|
Contents
37
37
ZvKIqv
(3) Avjx Beby Avey Zvje cKvb Awfhvb ciYKvj cavb
mbvcwZK ejZb, *m P. k U2 GH
2 kJn0 Avwg
ZvgvK H AvjvnK fq Kivi Dc`k w`wQ, huvi mv_ Zvgvi mvvr
AekB NUe|82
(4) Igi Beby Avyj Avhxh (int) RbK ewK GK hy `vwqZ c`vb
Kib| AZtci ZvK ejb, 1\xy +X +: a6
2 kJn0
r Y., 1xzA r )6 IN- OJY6 K Jz 1OY\0 K ;'/

.> P. 3K 5Y,: 1+JY A_vr Avwg ZvgvK AvjvnfxwZi Dc`k
w`wQ, hv eZxZ Kvb wKQz Keyj nq bv| ZvKIqvkxj eZxZ Kviv Dci
ingZ Kiv nq bv| gyvKx eZxZ KvDK QIqve Ìqv nq bv| ZvKIqvi
evcvi Dc`k `vbKvix AbK| wK ZvKIqv wfwK AvgjKvixi msLv
bMY| Avjvn AvgvìK I ZvgvK gyvKxì Afy Kib|83
(5) evn (int) ejb, Avwg hLb Kv_vI Mgbi BQv KiZvg, ZLb
nvKvgK ejZvg, Zvgvi Kvb cqvRb AvQ wK? ZLb m ejZ, ZvgvK
Avwg H Dc`k w`wQ, hv ivm~j a gyAvh Beby Rvevj c-K
w`qwQjb, OM#@ 5"M bJ" #9X#0 T#5A @z#J' $ e hLvbB _vK
AvjvnK fq Kie, Kvb KviY ekZ cvc KvR nq Mj Zvici fvj
KvR Kie, Zv Zvgvi cvcK wgwUq wè|84
(6) Bebyj KvBqg (int) ejb, Beby AvIb GK jvKK we`vq `vbKvj
ejjb, Zvgvi Rb AvekK njv ZvKIqv Aej^b Kiv| Kbbv gyvKx
KLbI wbtm I GKvKx nq bv|85
(7) mywdqvb QvIix (int) Beby Avex wheK ejb, Zzwg AvjvnK fq Kij
wZwb ZvgvK gvbyl _K AgyLvcx Ki èb| Avi Zzwg gvbylK fq
Kij gvbyl ZvgvK Avjvn _K AgyLvcx KiZ cvie bv|86
82. Qvjn Avj-gybvw`, AvZ-ZvKIqv, ct 6; gynvv` Beby Qvjn Avj-DQvqgxb, wKZveyj
Bjg, ct 62|
83. W. Avngv` dix`, AvZ-ZvKIqv, ct 14; kvqL Avjx Beby bvqd Avk-`, gvIm~AvZzj
LyZve Iqv` `yim, ct 2|
85. Avyj Avhxh Beby gynvv`, gvIqvwi`yh hvgAvb wj`yiwmh hvgvb, (g`xbv : 30Zg msiY,
1424 wnt), 3q L, ct 75|
86. Bebyj KvBqg, Avj-dvIqvq`, 1g L (wgmi: Kvqiv wekwe`vjq, Zv.we.), ct 52|
Contents
ZvKIqv
38
5. ZvKIqv ev`vi mevg cwiQ` :
38
ZvKIqv ev AvjvnfxwZ nQ gvbyli mevg f~lY| Avjvn cvK ejb,
/ #JE kv
^X `L#Z #;=Q# < #GZ `<X #;=#JY6 5a#S0 #U u]Q # 52
N#/IAIH #;OIY, 7Q #P. kv n ebx Av`g! Zvgvì jvvb XvKvi
I ekf~lvi Rb Avgiv ZvgvìK cwiQ` w`qwQ Ges ZvKIqvi
cwiQ`B mevrK| GUv Avjvni wb`kbmg~ni AbZg (Avivd 7/26)|
DjL, ^X (cvkvK) nQ hv viv jvvb AveZ Kiv nq| j/
(mvRmv) nQ hv viv m`hgwZ Kiv nq| myZivs c_gUv AvekKxq I
hiix| Avi wZxqUv nQ AwZwi I c~YZv `vbKvix| gvbyli Rb
mevg I k f~lY njv hv cKvk I AcKvk `vl-wU Avovj Ki
ZvK m`h gwZ I mykvwfZ Ki; Avi mUvB nQ ZvKIqvi cvkvK|
Bgvg KziZzex (int) ejb, Avjvni evYx, /#JE kv
^X viv
my nQ h, ZvKIqvB Dg f~lY|87 gvev` Avj-Rynvbx ejb,
wjevmyZ ZvKIqv nQ jvkxjZv| Beby Avevm c ejb, Avgj
Qvjn ev mrKg nQ wjevmyZ ZvKIqv|88
6. ZvKIqv ev`vi mek cv_q :
ZvKIqv nQ gvbe Rxebi mevg cv_q| hv gvbylK megnj mgv`Z
Ki| Avjvni KvQI mvwbZ Ki| ZvB wZwb G cv_q msMni Rb
gvbylK wb`k w`qQb| Avjvn ZvAvjv ejb,
]a /#JE IN- #]a
oXl #0 N# Avi Zvgiv cv_qi eev Ki, AvZmshgB k
cv_q| n evamb ewMY! Zvgiv AvgvK fq Ki (evKvivn 2/197)|
Beby KvQxi (int) ejb, Avjvni evYx
]a /#JE IN- viv Avjvn
gvbylK `ywbqvZ mdii cv_q msMn KiZ wb`k w`qQb Ges
ciKvjxb cv_qi wb`kbv w`qQb| Avi mUv nQ ZvKIqv Aej^b
Kiv|89 AvZv Avj-Lyivmvbx ejb, mUv nQ ciKvjxb cv_q|90
87. Zvdmxi KziZzex, 7/184, m~iv Avivd 7bs AvqvZi evLv `t|
88. W. Avngv` dix`, AvZ-ZvKIqv, ct 15|
89. Zè|
Contents
39
39
ZvKIqv
DjL, m~iv Avivdi 26bs AvqvZ evwnK cvkvKi K_v DjL Ki
AcKvk cvkvKi cwZ wb`kbv Ìqv nqQ| mUv nQ webq-bgZv,
AvbyMZ I fxwZ| GUvB nQ Dg I DcKvix| hvgvLkvix ejb, Y,:
\ ]a xE N- mX D/EF |K ;A]~ A_vr Zvgiv wbK KvR
_K euP _vKvK ciKvjxb cv_q wnmve MnY Ki| Avi GUvB Dg
cv_q|91
7. ZvKIqvkxjiv Avjvni ez I gvbyli ga mevwaK mvwbZ :
ZvKIqv Aej^bKvixìK gnvb Avjvn ez ej DjL KiQb| gnvb
Avjvn ejb, # 5.Q P#HI 1N# Sa#M #;\ #;O#JY6 # E $J#0 INK 0
N# # SA Rb ivL! Avjvni eyì Kvb fq bB Ges Zviv `ytwLZI
ne bv| hviv wekvm Ki Ges ZvKIqv Aej^b Ki (BDb~m 10/62-63)|
Ab wZwb Aviv ejb, P#J@ ! Avi Avjvn gyvKxì ez
(RvwQqv 45/19)| ZvKIqvi G kxlvb I DP ghv`vq cuQv eZxZ Avjvni
ezZ jvfi AwaKvix I Dchy nIqv hvq bv ej Avjvn DjL KiQb|
Avm-mv`x ejb,
`J |,
NA `J 5.. NA P. +=- AZGe
cZK gyvKx gywgbB Avjvni ez|92
Avjvn ZvAvjv ZvKIqvK mwVK gvb` KiQb, hv viv gvbylK cwigvc

Kiv hvq| GUv esk, Mv, m` I cwiwPwZi gvb` bq| hgb wZwb
ejb, #;A#0 U#56 #;=./A0 INK Zvgvì wbKU mB ewB Avjvni
wbKU AwaK ghv`vmb h AwaK gyvKx (RyivZ 49/13)|
ivm~j aI GK gvb` wnmve DjL KiQb| nv`xQ GmQ, Avey
ivqiv c nZ ewYZ, wZwb ejb, ivm~j a-K wRm Kiv njv
gvbyli ga mevwaK mvbx K? wZwb ejjb, #;\#0 Zvì ga h
AwaK Avjvnfxi|93
90. Zvdmxi Beb KvQxi, 1/548 ct|
91. Zvdmxi Kvkkvd 1/176 ct|
92. Qvjn Avj-gybvw`, AvZ-ZvKIqv, ct 20|
93. eyLvix nv/3383|
Contents
40
ZvKIqv
40
Avjvgv kvbKxZx ejb, ZvKIqv ev AvjvnfxwZi gvag mvb-ghv`v jvf
nq| GUv eZxZ esk-Mvi w`K m^wZ nIqvi KviY mvwbZ nIqv
hvq bv|94
8. ZvKIqvi KvR mnhvwMZvi Rb gymwjg Dvi cwZ Avjvni wb`k :

ZvKIqvi ghv`vi AbZg KviY njv Avjvn ZvKIqvi KvR mnhvwMZv
Kivi wb`k w`qQb Ges ZvKIqvnxb KvR mnhvwMZv KiZ wbla
KiQb| gnvb Avjvn ejb, ; Y6 # S,
/X Y6 # S,
o, U#Uc $ INK $ N#U, mrKg I ZvKIqvq Zvgiv cii
mvnvh Kie Ges cvc I mxgvjsNb GK Abi mvnvh Kie bv| Avi
AvjvnK fq Ki| Kbbv wZwb kvw `vb KVvi (gvq`vn 5/2)|
Avjvgv KziZyex (int) DjL Kib, Avj-gvIqvi`x ejb, Avjvn bKxi
KvR mnhvwMZvi wb`k w`qQb Ges GK AvjvnfxwZi mv_ hy
KiQb| Kbbv ZvKIqvq Avjvni mvl iqQ| Avi KjvYi KvR
gvbyli mvl iqQ| h ew Avjvni mvl I gvbyli mvl GKwZ
Kij, Zvi mgw I DbwZ cwic~Y njv Ges bAvgZ evcK njv|95
Beby LyIqvBh gv`v` ejb, bKx I ZvKIqvi KvR mnhvwMZv wewfbfve
nZ cvi| Avjgi Dci AvekK njv Zvi vb viv gvbylK mnvqZv
Kiv| myZivs m gvbylK Zv wkv è| abx ^xq m` viv Zvì
mnvqZv Kie, exi Zvi mvnwmKZv viv Avjvni ivvq mvnvh Kie| Avi
gymjgvbiv GKwU nvZi bvq ne|96 hgb ivm~j a ejb, N# @Y#"@
#P. Y6 U #;\ #;\h0 #;O#JY6 /#J_ #;\S#]0 #;O.H2 ,#" #;\.] l-=
#;\ < gymjgvbvì Rxebi g~j (ig~j) GK mgvb| Zvì GKRb
mvaviY jvKI AciK Zvì wbivcv ev Avkq w`Z cvi| Zvì
`~ieZx vbi gyjmjgvbivI Zvì c Gic Avkq w`Z cvi| Zviv
weRvZxq ki wei GKwU nvZîc (HKe)|97

95. Zvdmxi KziZzex, 6/47, m~iv gvq`vn 2bs AvqvZi evLv `t|
96. Zè|
97. Avey `vD` nv/2753; Beby gvRvn nv/2683; bvmvC nv/4746, mb` Qnxn|
Contents
41
ZvKIqv
41
ZvKIqv ev AvjvnfxwZi wb`kb mg~n

cZK ew wbRB wbRi mK AeMZ nZ mg h, m ZvKIqvkxj
ev Avjvnfxi, bv-wK ZvKIqvnxb I G welq D`vmxb-kw_jcivqY|
Abyicfve Abì cI KwZcq AvjvgZ `L G welqwU Rvbv mnR
nq| GLvb mwj DjL Kiv njv|1. fvlvi cKvk : gvbyli gyLi K_vevZv I fvlvq evSv hvq h, m
ZvKIqvkxj wK-bv| Kbbv ZvKIqv gvbylK wg_v K_v, MxeZ ev `vlPPv,
ZvngZ ev Acev`, PvMjLyix Ges Akxj I Ab_K K_vevZv ejv _K
weiZ ivL| cvi wRnvK me`v Avjvni whKi, KziAvb ZjvIqvZ I
xbx vb PPvq wj ivL|
2. Aii KvR : ZvKIqvkxj gvbyl Aii KgKvK fq Ki| dj Zvi
`q _K kZv, va I Ab gymwjg fvBqi cwZ wnsmv-wel `~ixf~Z
nq| mLvb RvqMv Ki bq gymwjg fvBqi cwZ bQxnZ I m`yc`k, Zvi
cwZ mnvbyf~wZ I mge`bv|
3. AcKvk KgKv : ZvKIqvkxj gvbyl Mvcb ev jvKPzi AivjI
Dg I RbKjvYKi KvR eZxZ wbw`Z I NwYZ KvR KiZ fq cvq|
Abi cqvRb I Pvwn`vi cwZ j bv Ki wbR cU cyi Avnvi Ki bv|
eis m cwiwgZ Avnvi Ki Ges cwZekx Afvex-`yì cwZ Lqvj ivL|
4. PvLi KvR : PvL wbwl welqi w`KB avweZ nq| wK ZvKIqvkxj
gvbyl ^xq `wK wbqY Ki| m Zvi PvLK nvivg _K wdwiq ivLvi
mevZK Pv Ki| cvi Dc`k MnY, nvjvj ev ea Ges bKx
ARbi KvR wj ivLvi Pv Ki| Zgwb md `ywbqvex KvR bq, eis
ciKvjxb KvR PvLK wbqvwRZ ivLvi Pv Ki|
5. cvqi KvR : cv gvbylK fvj-g` mKj KvR mswk vb wbq hZ
mnvqZv Ki| ZvKIqvkxj gvbyl ^xq cvK Avjvni AevaZv I cvci
KvRi w`K wbq hZ fq Ki| eis m bKxi KvRi w`K ^xq cvK
PvwjZ KiZ mP nq|
6. nvZi KvR : nvZ gvbyli mKj cKvi fvj-g` KvR mv`b Kivi
gvag| ZvKIqvkxj gvbyl ZvB wbRi nvZi KvRK fq Ki| myZivs m
nvivg I wbwl KvRi cwZ ^xq nqK KLbI cmvwiZ Ki bv| eis
Avjvni AvbyMZkxj I bKxi KvRi cwZB m Zvi nvZK cmvwiZ Ki|
Contents
42
ZvKIqv
42
7. Avjvni wb`k cvjb : ZvKIqvkxj gvbyl me`v Avjvni Av`kwblai cwZ mZK `w ivL| m wbRK m`v Avjvni AvbyMZ wbiZ
ivL Ges Zuvi wbla _K wbRK weiZ ivL| jwKKZv, jvK`kb I
bdvKx ev KzwUjZv ev` w`q Kej Avjvni mwi j Bev`Z Ki I
Zuvi AvbyMZc~Y mKj KvR mv`b Ki|98
Gme KvR hviv mwVKfve mv`b Ki, ZvivB cKZ gyvKx| hvì
mK Avjvn ejb, P#J@Y k2Z U#56 D/E gyvKxì Rb Zvgvi
cwZcvjKi wbKU iqQ AvwLivZi KjvY (hyLid 43/35)|
Dciv wb`kb eZxZ gyvKxì Aviv KwZcq AvjvgZ iqQ| hgb(K) Zviv c~Yv gywgb| A_vr Zviv c_gZ Cgvbi mKj kvLvi cwZ
wekvmx| (L) kixAvZ Z_v Avjvn I ivm~j a-Gi wb`k Abyhvqx
AvgjKvix| (M) K_v-Kg Avjvni cwZ GKwb| (N) Zviv Rxebi
me AvjvnK ZveavqK I wbqK gb Ki| (O) wcZv-gvZvi mv_
m`vPiYKvix I AvZxqZvi mK ivKvix| (P) Avjvn I Zuvi mKj mwi
mv_ AvPiY mZcivqY| (Q) Zviv AnsKvi, wnsmv-wel, Clv _K gy
wbjyl gbi AwaKvix| (R) Zviv gvbyli Rb bQxnZKvix I mKji Rb
gjKvgx| (S) Zviv Rxebi mKj Kej Avjvni wbKU hvTvKvix
I Zuvi wbKUB Avkqcv_x|
AvjvnK fq Kivi KviY mg~n

Avjvn G wek gvi AwZxq mv I GKK wbqK| G cw_exi mewKQzB
Zuvi mw| wZwbB me wKQzi Rxeb I gZz `vb Kib| KvRB ZuvKB fq
KiZ ne| ZuvK fq Kivi Aviv KwZcq KviY GLvb DjL Kiv njv|(1) ZIevi c~eB gZzi fq| (2) ZIev web nIqv I mgq AwZv
nIqvi fq| (3) Avjvni mKj nK c~Y Kivi kw-mvg_ `yej I wbtkl
nq hvIqvi Avkv| (4) Aii bgZv `~ixf~Z nq Zv KwVb I k nq
hvIqvi fq| (5) mij-mwVK c_ nZ wePzZ nq hvIqvi AvksKv| (6)
^fve-cKwZ cewcivqYZvi w`K avweZ nIqvi fq| (7) wbR
mevZfve Kgnxb _K bKx ARbi Rb Avjvni Dci fimv Kiv|
Avi G wbfiZvi gaB mvbv Zvjvk Kiv| (8) Avjvni AwaK bAvgZ
98. Avey gviBqvg gvR`x dvZnx Avm-mvBq`, Avj-LIdz wgbvjvwn Iqv AvnIqvwj Avnwjwn
(Kvqiv : `vij evkxi, 1407 wnt), 76 ct|
Contents
43
43
ZvKIqv
jvf Ki AnsKvix nq hvIqvi fq| (9) Mvqijvni c~uRv I Zvi Bev`Z
Rwoq covi AvksKv| (10) Avjvni bAvgZi cvPyhi dj auvKvq
wbcwZZ nIqvi fq| (11) Kviv AMvPi Ab gvbyl KZK Zvi `vl-wU
cKvk Ki Ìqv, Zvi LqvbZ Kiv, ZvK auvKv Ìqv Ges Zvi
mskvabhvM welq cKvk bv Ki Mvcb ivLv| (12) `ywbqvZ `Z kvwi
fq| (13) gZzKvj jvwZ I AcgvwbZ nIqvi fq| (14) `ywbqvi
PvKwPK I gvngvqvq cZvwiZ I cewZ nIqvi fq| (15) D`vmxb
Aevq KZ wU-wePzwZZ Avjvni Amvli fq| (16) g` Kgi
gvag Rxebvemvbi AvksKv| (17) gZzhYv I Zvi KVviZvi fq|
(18) Kei gybKvi-bvKxii wRvmvi fq| (19) Kei Avhvei fq| (20)
cybivbi wefxwlKvi wkKvi nIqvi AvZ| (21) Avjvni myL
`vqgvb nIqvi AvZ| (22) Mvcbxq cvc I Mvbvn cKvwkZ nIqvi
kv| (23) cyjwQivZ AwZg Kiv I Zvi Zxavii fq| (24) Rvnvbvg
Ave nq kvw fvM Kivi fq| (25) RvbvZ I Zvi Adzi bAvgZ
Ges mxgvnxb myL-kvw _K ewZ nIqvi fq| (26) Avjvni `x`vi jvf
Kiv _K gvnig nIqvi AvksKv|99
Gmei mvimsc nQ BnKvjxb I ciKvjxb Avhvei fq, `ywbqv I

AvwLivZ QIqve jvfi Avkv, wnmvei fq, me`v AvjvnK jv Kiv,
Zuvi AvbyMZi gvag bAvgZi Kwiqv Av`vq, Avjvni gn, eoZ I
Amxg gZvi KviY ZuvK fq Kiv Ges Zuvi h_v_ gynveZ jvfi Avkvq
ZuvK me`v, mevevq I mevZfve fq Kiv|
Avjvgv mvgviKv`x ejb, Avgj Qvjn ev mrKgi Rb PviwU welq fq
ev mZK _vKv hiix| 1. Keyj bv nIqvi fq| Kbbv Avjvn gyvKx eZxZ
Kviv Avgj Keyj Kib bv| wZwb ejb, P#J@ P. +X @SK wbqB
Avjvn gyvKxì wbKU _K Keyj Kib (gvq`vn 5/27)| 2. jwKKZvi
fq| Kbbv wiqv ev jvK`Lvbvi BQvq Kvb Avgj Kij Zv Keyj nq
bv| Avjvn ejb, P#U * P#JhY#d. $ UX#,J IK #/.0 . Zviv Zv
Avw` nqwQj Avjvni AvbyMZ wewP nq GKwbfve Zuvi Bev`Z
KiZ (evBqbvn 98/5)| 3. Avgj Abygvw`Z, ^xKZ I msiwZ bv nIqvi
fq| Kbbv Avgj Avjvn I Zuvi ivm~ji cwZZ bv nj Zv Keyj nq bv
99. Avj-LIdz wgbvjvwn Iqv AvnIqvwj Avnwjwn, ct 76-77|
Contents
44
ZvKIqv
Ges cwZ`vb gj bv| Avjvn ejb, Oz#.0 /#L6 *Y- 5"M2 $: #P. KD
Kvb mr KvR Kij m Zvi `kY cve (AvbAvg 6/160)| ivm~j a
ejb, ]Z O- S/#.0 *#JY6 R#J %g@6 +@6 #P. h ew Ggb Kvb Avgj
Kij, h evcvi Avgvì Kvb Abygv`b bB, Zv cwiZvR|100 4.
AvbyMZ I Bev`Z e_ nIqvi fq| Kbbv m Rvb bv h, AvbyMZ I
Bev`Z h_vh_ nqQ wK-bv? hgb Avjvn ejb, *#JY6 2 IK ##J-# .
44
YIA Avgvi Kvh mvab Zv Avjvni mvnvh; Avwg ZuviB Dci

#JS0 *#JK T
wbfi Kwi Ges Avwg ZuviB AwfgyLx (n~` 11/88)|101
ZvKIqv ARbi Dcvq

ZvKIqv ARb AwaKvsk Kej evwnK Avgj viv me bq; eis Zv
AwRZ nq Ai me`v Avjvni bvg, Zuvi iY I Zuvi gnK we`gvb
ivLvi gvag| myZivs ZvKIqv ARb KiZ PvBj c_gB Ai cwi
Kiv AvekK| mB mv_ evwnK Avgj mskvab KivI hiix| Avi gvbyl
hw` wbgv KvRwj myPviic mv`b KiZ mg nq, Zvnj m gyvKx
nZ cvie|
1. ZvKIqv ARbi Rb Avjvni wbKU mvnvh cv_bv Kiv :
mKj KvR Avjvni mvnvh cv_bv Kiv gywgbi KZe| Zgwb ZvKIqv ev
AvjvnfxwZ ARbi RbI Avjvni mnvqZv cv_bv Kiv AZxe hiix| Kbbv
ivm~jyjvn a Avjvni wbKU G `vAv KiZb-
UO kl#<0 #SK ;OIY
5W (, ! n Avjvn! Avwg Avcbvi KvQ n`vqvZ,

cinhMvwiZv, bwZK cweZv Ges mQjZv ev Abi AgyLvcwZv cv_bv
KiwQ|102 Ab eYbvq GmQ, im~jyjvn a Gfve ejZb,
1/#X oH6 u/O +#dX P#X_ +"= a#_, P. k2 v# 60 #SK ;OIY
;OIY 1\# . O!J T#S0 \IA~ #P. /#JE T#S0 O[A~ \ #"(S 7Q ;OY
100. eyLvix ZiRgvZzj eve-20; gymwjg nv/4590|
101. Avj-LIdz wgbvjvwn Iqv AvnIqvwj Avnwjwn, ct 77-78|
102. gymwjg nv/2721; Beby gvRvn nv/3832; wgkKvZ nv/2484|
Contents
45
ZvKIqv
45
#P. 9X#L VR(S #P. 9L#d VY #P. 9(#5 ;V Y6 #P. k2 v# 60 #SK
O o_#" VD #6]
n Avjvn! wbqB Avwg Avcbvi wbKU Avkq PvwQ AgZv, AjmZv,
KvcyilZv, KcYZv, evaK I Kei Avhve nZ| n Avjvn! Avgvi AvZvK
ZvKIqv `vb Kib, GK cwe Kib, AvcwbB k cweKvix, Avcwb Zvi
AwffveK I cfy| n Avjvn! wbqB Avwg Avcbvi wbKU Avkq PvwQ Ggb
Bjg nZ hv DcKvi Ki bv| Ggb Ai nZ hv fq Ki bv| Ggb AvZv
103
nZ hv Zw jvf Ki bv Ges Ggb `vAv nZ hv Keyj nq bv|
mdii `vAvq wZwb ejZb,
/X H\ S/(< #- kl#"S S ;OIY
w#/ . +@, P. n Avjvn! Avgiv GB mdi Avcbvi wbKU bKx I
ZvKIqv PvB| Avi Avcbvi cm`bxq Avgj PvB|104
2. Avjvn I ZvK`xii fvj-gì cwZ Cgvb :

gnvb Avjvn wek gvi mewKQzi mv Ges mKji fvM weavqK| myZivs
Zuvi cwZ Ges wZwb gvbyli Rb h fvM wbaviY KiQb, Zvi fvj-gì
cwZ wekvm vcb Kij, cKZ ZvKIqv ARb Kiv hvq|
AvZv Beby Avex ivevn nZ ewYZ, wZwb ejb, Avwg Iqvjx` Beby Dev`vn
Beb QvgZK wRm Kijvg, gZzKvj Zvgvi cwZ Zvgvi wcZvi
Dc`k Kgb wQj? wZwb ejb, wZwb AvgvK WK ejjb,
1 2 P.# ' I+: a6 $ #P kS0 #;Y#6 1

2 k#Jn#0 152
' 1;Y, Y#X #P 1N@# #J' ;#,f ;,8 #P $ 2 P.# #P kS0 #;Y#6
/c /#JE *[YA ZU2 P.# 2 P.#
A_vr n erm! Avwg ZvgvK AvjvnfxwZi Dc`k w`wQ| Avi Zzwg Rb
ivL, Zzwg ZZY ZvKIqv ARb KiZ cvie bv, hZY bv Avjvni cwZ
Cgvb Avbqb Kie| Avi Zzwg Avjvni cwZ Cgvb AvbZ I Cgvbi cKZ
^v` Av^v`b KiZ cvie bv Ges vb ARb KiZ cvie bv, hZY bv
103. gymwjg nv/2722; bvmvC nv/5458; wgkKvZ nv/2460|
104. gymwjg nv/1342; Avey `vD` nv/2601; wZiwghx nv/3447; wgkKvZ nv/2420|
Contents
ZvKIqv
46
ZvK`xii fvj-gì Dci c~Yic Cgvb Avbe|105
46
3. AvZmgvjvPbv Kiv :
wbRi Kg mK wPv-fvebv Kiv Ges Gici fvj KvRi cwZ mP
nIqv I g` KvR nZ weiZ _vKv- GBic AvZmgvjvPbv gvbylK
ZvKIqvkxj KiZ cvi| ZvKIqv ARbi Rb gbxlxMY AvZmgvjvPbvi
evcvi AZwaK iZvivc KiQb| gvqg~b Beby wgnivb ejb, N# =
P# . ;Y#, ' *=#/c X<M. #P. Uc0 *"(S <M ' P#J@ P. +:/
.Vu/' #P. #u0 kv V?g' #P.0 1*2/#L. P#0 #P. 1*"XY. P#0 #P. *@,8. P#0
A_vr gvbyl ZZY gyvKx nZ cvie bv, hZY bv ^xq bdm mK
KVvifve AvZmgvjvPbv Kie Abì mgvjvPbv Acv| hvZ m
RvbZ cvi Zvi Lv`-cvbxq I cwiaq Kv_v nZ GmQ; mUv nvjvj
Drm _K bv nvivg _K?106
nviQ Beby Avmv` Avj-gynvmex ejb, R(5 X<
+n0 A_vr
ZvKIqvi g~j nQ AvZmgvjvPbv|107
4. vb ARb Kiv :
vb gvbyli AvPiYK cwikxwjZ Ki, ZvK bg-f` I myì gvbyl
cwiYZ Ki| ^xq KvRKg mK Revew`wnZvi fq Zvi gvS RvwMq
Zvj| GB fve xbx vb gvbylK ZvKIqvkxj Ki| hgb Avjvn ejb,
@Y, ]X6 #P. $ L#d @SK wbqB Avjvni ev`vMYi ga wevbMYB
AvjvnK fq Ki (dvwZi 35/28)| bvmvC Mi fvlKvi Aveyj nvmvb
b~ixb Avm-wmb`x ejb,
\ ;Y, _#JS Bjg ev vbi djvdj
nQ ZvKIqv ev AvjvnfxwZ|108
Bjgi gvag Rvbv hvq, nvivgi ga wK wZKi w`K iqQ| Avi gvbyl
hLb wPv Ki c~eeZx mc`vq mg~ni wK cwiYwZ nqwQj, ZLb m
ZvKIqv Aej^bK AvekK Ki bq|
105. jvjKvC, BZKv` Avnjm mybvn, 2/218; wdiBqvex, Avj-Kì, ct 425; Avey eKi
gynvv` Bebyj nvmvb Avj-AvRix, Avk-kixAvn, 1/215|
106. gynvmvevZzb bvdm, ct 25-26; wnjqvZzj AvIwjqv 4/89|
107. wnjqvZzj AvIwjqv 10/76|
108. nvwkqv wmb`x 8/336|
Contents
47
47
ZvKIqv
Bjgi vivB Rvbv hvq, Kvb wRwbm Avw` wcZvgvZvK RvbvZ _K ei
Ki hgxb wbc KiwQj, bAvgZc~Y myL-kvwi vb _K hYv I
wPvi vb cuQ w`qwQj? g~jZt mUv wQj AevaZv I cvc Ges
AvjvnfxwZ ZvM Kiv|
Abyicfve BejxmK Kvb wRwbm Avmgvb emevm _K weZvwoZ I
Awfk KiwQj, Zvi Mvcb-cKvk AvKwZ b Ki ZvK wbK AvKwZ
w`qwQj, Zvi bKUK `~iZ, Zvi cwZ ingZK Awfkvc, Zvi RvbvZi
vbK Rvnvbvg Ki w`qwQj? Avi Avjvni wbKU P~ov waKZ, jvwZ
nqwQj, Kb cvwc I AcivaxZ cwiYZ njv, gvbeZvK dvmv` I wbK
KvRi w`K cwiPvjbv KiZ mP njv| mUv nQ AevaZv I
ZvKIqvnxbZv|
Kvb KviY b~n b-Gi mgq mg hgxbevmxK cvwbZ WyweqwQj,
GgbwK cvwb ceZP~ov AwZg KiwQj? Kvb KviY Av` mc`vqi
Dci cej N~wYSo cevwnZ nqwQj, Aekl Zviv hgxbi Dci Dcyo
nq cowQj? Kvb KviY Qvg~` RvwZi Dci weKU wPrKvi GmwQj, hvZ
Zvì cUi gawZ rwc we`xY nq wMqwQj?
Kvb KviY KIg j~Zi Avevmj mv`~g MvgK Ea DVvbv nqwQj?
GgbwK dikZvMY Zvì KzKziwji ND ND AvIqvR bZ cvwQjb,
AZtci m vbK cwieZb Ki Ìqv njv- Zvì Dcii w`KK wbPi
w`K Ki Ìqv njv| Zvì Dci ci elY Kiv njv| Zvì m
vbK Ggb `yMgq vb cwiYZ Kiv njv h, mLvb Rxebi Kvb Aw
Z cvIqv hvq bv|
Kvb KviY AvBe b-Gi mc`vqi Dci Qvqv ev Puv`vqvi kvw
ciY Kiv nqwQj? AZtci Zv Zvì gv_vi Dci wMq Zvì Dci
cRwjZ Avb wewk cv_i elY KiZ jvMj| Kvb KviY diAvDb I
Zvi mc`vq mgy` wbgwZ nqwQj? AZtci Zvì inwjK Rvnvbvg
vbvwiZ Kiv njv|
GmeB nqwQj AevaZv I ZvKIqvnxbZvi KviY| Gwj Rvbv hvq,
Bjgi gvag| myZivs Mvbvn, cvcvPvii fqvenZv I cwiYwZ mK
vb I Gme _K gywi wPv-fvebv gvbylK ZvKIqv ev AvjvnfxwZi
w`K avweZ Ki|109
109. Qvjn Avj-gybvw`, AvZ-ZvKIqv, ct 35-37|
Contents
48
ZvKIqv
48
5. mQjZv I AmQjZvq `vb-Qv`vKv Kiv :
`vb-Qv`vKv gbve gb GK ckvw I ^w wbq Avm, hv ZvK Aviv `vb
DrmvwnZ Ki| Gfve m axi axi ZvKIqvi w`K avweZ nq|
AvZv (int) ejb, Mn0 ;S0 Uh '

PU /c 5 P
/( N L 1jJ, N Y.l 1Mc0 Zvgiv KLbB xb`vix I ZvKIqvi

ghv`v jvf KiZ cvie bv, hZY bv Zvgiv my kixi abi cwZ jvfx
_vKvi ciI `vb Kie, Ggb Aevq h, Avkvev`x _vKe Rxebi Ges fq
Kie `vwiì|110 G gg nv`xQ GmQ, Avey ivqivn c nZ ewYZ
wZwb ejb, GK ew ejj,
L#d #JMc #JMn T#S0 }Uh N0 ?- ;)#60 Uh !G0 ?# <Z
VNg( HA VNg( TY 1u# YM TWY2 vK ' +O#@ 5W +.l /(
VNg( NA #U 0 HA
A_vr n Avjvni ivm~j a! QIqvei w`K w`q Kvb `vb eo? wZwb
ejjb, hLb Zzwg my _vK, abi cwZ jvf cvlY Ki, Aciw`K Zzwg
fq Ki `vwiì Ges Avkv ivL abx nIqvi- ZLbKvi `vb| myZivs Zzwg
Acv Kie bv `vb KiZ Zvgvi cvY IvMZ nIqvi mgq ch, ZLb
Zzwg eje, G gvj AgyKi Rb, Avi G gvj AgyKi Rb A_P gvj
AgyKi nqB wMqQ|111
6. wQqvg cvjb Kiv :
wQqvg gvbyli Rb Xvj îc| hv ZvK cvci c_ _K weiZ ivL Ges
bKx I RvbvZi c_ avweZ Ki| Avi GUvB nQ AvjvnfxwZ ev
ZvKIqvi wb`kb|
Zvni Beb Avk~i (int) ejb,
? n0 P. U +n0 u h wQqvg
nQ ZvKIqvi g~jwji ga Avw` g~j|112 Kbbv gvbyl hLb wQqvg cvjb
Ki ZLb m ^xq cewi e welq _K wbRK wbqY Ki I weiZ
ivL| Avi GB wbqY ZvK ZvKIqv ev AvjvnfxwZi wbKU cuQ `q|
110. Zvdmxi KziZzex 4/133, m~iv Avj Bgivbi 92 bs AvqvZi evLv `.|
111. eyLvix nv/1419; gyvdvK AvjvBn, wgkKvZ nv/1867; evsjv wgkKvZ nv/1773|
112. AvZ-Zvnixi IqvZ Zvbexi, ct 516|
Contents
49
ZvKIqv
49
ivm~j a ejb, -#/ Y- #;AU'0 u# n u# NA v- 5: uJh
;mn /#. #SK +JY- *Y #0 U'0 *2< N- #d#" wQqvg nQ gvbyli
Rb Rvnvbvg nZ ivi Xvjîc| myZivs hLb Zvgvì Kviv wQqvg
cvjbi w`b Avm m hb Akxj K_v bv ej Ges Ab_K kviMvj bv
Ki| hw` KD ZvK Mvwj `q A_ev Zvi mv_ SMov KiZ Pvq m hb
ej Avwg GKRb wQqvg cvjbKvix|113 wZwb Ab ejb, 5: uJh
Z 5 P. P#Jh' P#h' wQqvg nQ Xvj îc Ges Rvnvbvg _K

euvPvi GKwU vqx `yM|114
7. nvjvj fY Kiv :
nvivg Lv` viv cwicy kixi RvbvZ hve bv| G fq gvbyl nvivg _K
euP _vKvi gvag ZvKIqvkxj nZ cvi| hgb gyeviKcyix (int) ejb,
*YA
^0Z ?g +A0 nvjvj fY Kiv mKj ZvKIqvi g~j|115
gvbvfx ejb,
^<0 iZ ? n0 P. ?g "A Yf nvjvj
DcvRbi c_ A^lY Kiv cinhMvwiZv I avwgKZvi g~j Ges ZvKIqvi
wfw|116
nvjvj bv Lj Bev`Z Keyj nq bv| G mK ivm~j a ejb,
/Av ; P#JY<#/@ *2 /.0 @2 P#J5.#@ /.0 $ INK `XJf IK +X Jf $ INK
*@,8. oZ oZ @" K *#U !U@ /Xy0 ,#c0 /(" +#J8 +:/
kH o_#" Sl- u/M2 GHy u/' *"XY. u/' *2/#L. u/'
wbqB Avjvn cwe, wZwb cwe Qvov MnY Kib bv| wbqB Avjvn
ivm~jMYK hv Av`k KiQb gywgbìI ZvB Av`k KiQb| Zvici
ivm~j a H jvKi AvjvPbv Kijb, h ew mdi _vKvq ayjvq gwjb
nq| AvKvki w`K `ynvZ Dvjb Ki cv_bv KiQ, n Avgvi
113. eyLvix, gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/1959; evsjv wgkKvZ nv/1863|
114. AvZ-ZviMxe nv/1382 ct|
115. ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx 6/120 ct|
116. dvqhyj Kv`xi 6/91 ct|
Contents
50
ZvKIqv
50
cwZcvjK! n Avgvi cwZcvjK! wKz Zvi Lv` nvivg, Zvi cvbxq nvivg,
Zvi cvlK nvivg, Zvi RxweKv wbevn nvivg, wKfve Zvi `vAv Keyj
ne?117 Ab eYbvq GmQ, ivm~j a ejb, N.~ ^5 Y6 l
u/M #P. #u0 ?gM P.0 *#5. HE0 . #/@ X gvbyli Dci Ggb GKwU
mgq Avme, hLb gvbyl DcvRbi nvjvj-nvivg weePbv Kie
bv|118
nvivg fYKvix RvbvZ hve bv| ivm~j a ejb, U": 5_ +E#U
u/2 GHy nvivg Lv` viv cwicy kixi RvbvZ hve bv|119
mRb nvivg _K euP _vKvi Rb mP nZ ne| GZ Ai cwi
ne| hgb ivm~j a ejb,
#P@- ^5 #P. /#JzA PO@Y#, 7OX#L. @O5#J2 PJ2 u/M PJ2 ?gM
#6/A u/M - 9 7OX!L - 9 #P. *w#/6 *5#U 0/#X#< 7O#XL
@' INK 0 `@' VkY. [+= INK 0 *, N0 kc# @M ?# ' 6#/
#7U"- vK *YA U"_ Yn #TMYn vK %W#B. U"_ - INK 0 *.ZM.
Y \ 0 *YA U"_ U"nvjvjI nvivgI | Dfqi ga wKQy mw` welq iqQ, hv
AbK gvbyl Rvb bv| h ew m`nhy welq _K euP _vKe m Zvi
xb I Zvi ghv`vK c~Y Ki wbe| Avi h ew m`nhy welq cwZZ
ne m nvivg cwZZ ne| hgb GKwU ivLvj Zi mxgvbvq QvMj
Pivj km LZ hZ cvi| gb iLv, cZK ev`kvi GKwU mxgv
iqQ| Avi Avjvn&i mxgvbv nQ Zuvi nvivg| wbqB kixi GKwU UzKiv
AvQ| UzKivwU wVK _vKj m~Y kixi wVK _vKe, UzKivwU b nq Mj
m~Y kixi b nq hve| Avi Zv nQ Ai|120
117. gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/2760, evsjv wgkKvZ nv/2640, q-weq Aavq|
118. eyLvix, wgkKvZ nv/2761|
119. evqnvKx, wgkKvZ nv/2787; wmjwmjv Qnxnvn nv/2609|
Contents
51
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51
8. Avjvni fvjevmv :
Avjvni cwZ fvjevmv gvbylK Zuvi cwZ AbyMZ Ki Ges ZuvK jv I
fq KiZ kLvq| Bebyj Kvwqg (int) ejb, 1Y D/_c X-
1*5. J OZ 1*JLE 4hy0 1*-/,. O< o XM@Y ?H O/6
/Av OJ" ]. 1*6f / A_vr gynveZ nQ Aii e
îc, Zvi g~j ev wkKo nQ ezi cwZ webxZ nIqv, Kv nQ ZvK
Pbv, kvLv-ckvLv nQ ZvK fq Kiv, c-cje nQ Zvi _K jv
Kiv, djvw` nQ Zvi AvbyMZ Kiv Ges Gi wewZ hvZ ew Ki Zvnjv
Zvi iY|
Avjvni fvjevmvi `ywU i iqQ| h_v- 1. AvekKxq ev dih| Avjvn hv
dih KiQb, Zvi cwZ fvjevmv Ges wZwb hv nvivg KiQb ZvK
Acm` Kivi gvag AvjvnK fvjevmv| Abyicfve Zuvi ivm~ji cwZ
gynveZ, whwb Avjvni c _K Zuvi Av`k-wbla DZi wbKU cuQ
w`qQb| ew I cwievii Dci Zuvi fvjevmvK cvavb `qv Ges
Avjvni c _K xbi hme welq wZwb cPvi KiQb Zvi cwZ mvl
cKvk Kiv I ^ZtZfve Zv gb bIqv| Z`c mg bex-ivm~jMYK
fvjevmv I Zuvì Abymvixì cwZ AbyMn Kiv| mB mv_ Kvwdi-gykwiK
I cvcvPvixì mv_ kZv cvlY Kiv| Avi GUvB njv Cgvbi c~YZv|
GZ Kvbic Ac~YZv nQ Cgvb Ac~YvZv| G gg gnvb Avjvn ejb,
;# O"(#S0 #- #U_ ; #;O5#J2 /_c @#J- 3# @[=M ' N# 5.# k2Z g`@#JY#" # @[Y" T#JB @. `:/' wK bv, Zvgvi cwZcvjKi kc_! Zviv
gywgb ne bv hZY ch Zviv Zvì wbRì weev`-wem^vì wePvifvi
Zvgvi Dci AcY bv Ki; AZtci Zvgvi wmv m^ Zvì gb Kvb
wav bv _vK Ges mevtKiY Zv gb bv bq (wbmv 4/65)| Gme
jsNb Kiv IqvwRe fvjevmvq Ac~YZv Gb `q| Avi IqvwRe gynveZ
AvekKxq KZe cwZcvjb I wbwl welq cwinviK `vex Ki|
2. gyv nve fvjevmv| GUv nQ c~em~ix bKUkxjì i| GUv njv
gynveZi Ggb i DbxZ nIqv hvi dj ewi wbKU bdj Bev`Z I
AvbyMZi cwZ Zxe AvKlY mw nq| m~ Acm`bxq wRwbmi cwZI NYv
I Abxnv Zix nq| mv_ mv_ fvMi wbavwiZ welqi cwZ mw _vK,
Contents
52
ZvKIqv
52
hwÌ Zv ewK gyQxeZi hYvq KvZi Ki dj| GB gyv nve
fvjevmvi cwZ avweZ nIqv cZK gywgbi Rb KZe| G gg ivm~j
a ejQb,
V #L2 #GU#X6 K o/ . o#/M2 *#SvQ #U- J #
]6 #P. ? $ INK
v- *X'0 ' +- 52 K o/ #GU#X6 ?a . *#JY6 T#w/- @. K '0
O2 j8#X #I U *2 /h#X #GHI /h2 *2 9@#" #GHI *,#@< T#5=- *#XX#'0
7#]]/ . *SHJ6l #Sv,#< Pb *5J8#6l #5l< NK O2 #L#@ #I *Y#:Z
*$". /A0 S0 7# @ /= P.#@ R(S #P6 #G]!]/ *Y6- S0 V#c #P6
*#5. *U2
Avjvn ZvAvjv ejb, h Avgvi Kvb `vK `ykgb fve Avwg Zvi
mv_ hy NvlYv Kwi| Avgvi ev`v Avgvi bKU jvf KiZ cvie bv
Ggb Kvb wRwbm viv hv Avgvi wbKU wcqZi nZ cvi; Avwg hv Zvi cwZ
dih KiwQ Zv Acv| Avi Avgvi ev`v me`v Avgvi bKU jvfi Pv
KiZ _vK bdj Bev`Zi gvag| Aekl Avwg ZvK fvjevwm| Avi
Avwg hLb ZvK fvjevwm Avwg Zvi Kvb nq hvB, hv viv m keY Ki,
Avwg Zvi PvL nq hvB, hv viv m `L| Avwg Zvi nvZ nq hvB hv viv
m ai Ges Avwg Zvi cv nq hvB hv viv m Pj| Avi hLb m Avgvi
wbKU wKQy Pvq, Avwg ZvK Zv `B| Avgvi wbKU Avkq PvBj, Avwg ZvK
Avkq `B| Avi Avwg hv KiZ PvB, Zv KiZ BZZt Kwi bv| Ze
gywgbi Avv Keh KiZ BZZt Kwi| m giYK Acm` Ki, Avwg
ZvK Am KiZ Acm` Kwi| wK giY Zvi Rb AvekK| ZeB m
Avgvi wbKU cuQZ cvie|121 G nv`xQ A_ GUv bq h, Avjvn gvbyli
A-cZ nq hvb| eis Gi A_ njv gvbyl Zvi cwZwU A-cZ viv
Kej Avjvni mw I ivhx-Lywki KvRB Ki|122
Bebyj Kvwqg (int) ejb, gynveZ Gic nj Zv ezK kvw _K iv
Ki| myZivs Kvb wKQzi wewbgq G fvjevmvK wewKq Ìqv ev cwieZb
Kiv DwPZ bq|
121. eyLvix nv/6502; wgkKvZ nv/2266; evsjv wgkKvZ nv/2159|
122. wgiAvZ 7/389|
Contents
53
53
ZvKIqv
Kvb Kvb ew wRm Kib h, ez ezK kvw `q bv GUv KziAvb
Kv_vq AvQ? Zvi Reve njv Avjvni GB evYx,
Zh5 ]# OJ T
#;=2# SH2 #;=2[H, ;Y- + X' 0 5#20 P #MS B`x I Lvbiv ej, Avgiv
Avjvni cy I Zuvi wcq| ej, Ze Kb wZwb Zvgvì cvci Rb
ZvgvìK kvw `b? (gvq`vn 5/18)|
Avjvni cwZ gynveZ mwi KwZcq Dcvq :
K. A_ eyS Mfxi Awfwbek mnKvi KziAvb ZjvIqvZ Kiv| L. dih
Bev`Zi cvkvcvwk AwaK bdj Bev`Z Kivi gvag Avjvni bKU nvwQj
Kiv| G gg nv`xQ GmQ, ivm~j a ejQb, Avjvn ZvAvjv ejb, ...
Avi Avgvi ev`v me`v Avgvi bKU jvfi Pv KiZ _vK bdj Bev`Zi
gvag| Aekl Avwg ZvK fvjevwm|123 M. Ai I gyL me`v Avjvni
whKi _vKv| N. cewi cej Pvwn`vi Dci ezi fvjevmvK cvavb `qv|
O. Avjvni bvg, Yvejx I Zuvi cZ`wkZvi cwZ Lqvj ivLv Ges Zuvi
mwi cwZ AiK iR~ Kiv| P. Avjvni bAvgZ, ev`vi cwZ Zuvi
KiYvi iY Kiv| Kbbv h `qv Ki Ai Zvi cwZ Abyi I avweZ nq|
Avi h g` AvPiY Ki Zvi cwZ Abvm I vavw^Z nq| Q. Avjvn hLb
ivZi ZZxq cni `ywbqvi Avmgvb bg Gm ev`vK Avnvb Rvbvb, m
mgq wbRb GKv gb ZuvK WvKv I webxZ cv_bv Kiv| R. cKZ
AvjvncwgKì mv_ wgwjZ nIqv Ges Zvì Dg K_vevZvi cwZ Mfxi
gbvhvMx nIqv| S. lowicyi Zvobv, cewcivqYZv I m`n-mskq cfwZ
hme welq Avjvn I ev`vi Aii ga Avovj Zix Ki, mme _K
mevZfve `~i _vKv| T. Bbmvb Kvgj ev cwic~Y gvbyl wnmve wbRK
Zix Kivi c_-cv mK wPv-fvebv Kiv| Kbbv Ai ^fveZ c~YZvK
cm` Ki| Avi mvjvd Qvjnxb `wnK Bev`Zi gvag ghv`vi kxl
cuQwQjb| U. RvbvZ Avjvni `x`vi I wKqvgZi mgvek mK
KziAvb-nv`xQ hv DjwLZ nqQ Zv iY Ki mvagZ cwZ MnY Kiv|
Gme welq cwZcvjb KiZ cvij Ai Avjvni AvbyMZ I Bev`Z iZ
ne Ges Zuvi AevaZv I cvcvPvi _K `~i _vKZ mnvqZv Kie| Gi
gvag Avjvni cwZ fvjevmv mw ne Ges Zvi vivB KvwLZ ZvKIqv
AwRZ ne|124
123. eyLvix, wgkKvZ nv/2266; evsjv wgkKvZ nv/2159|
Contents
54
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54
9. cvcvPvii AvjvnK jv Kiv Ges Zuvi AvbyMZ Kiv :
Avjvn ev`vi mKj KvR `Lb GUv gb Ki Zuvi _K jv Kiv| hgb
gnvb Avjvn ejb, /#Jh2 N # Y@#, @2 #;#5A . P#0 #;=,. \ Zvgiv
hLvbB _vK bv Kb wZwb Zvgvì m AvQb; Zvgiv hv wKQz Ki
Avjvn Zv `Lb (nv`x` 57/4)|
nvdh Beby KvQxi (int) ejb, G AvqvZi A_ nQ wZwb Zvgvì
ZveavqK, Zvgvì Kgi `v, Zvgiv Zv hLvb hLb mv`b Ki bv
Kb, j nvK ev mgy`, iv nvK ev wèm, Mn nvK ev wbRb gi
cvi| meB Zuvi vb mgvb| meB Zuvi `wi mvgb Ges keYkwi
AvIZvaxb| myZivs wZwb Zvgvì K_v kvbb, Zvgvì Aevbj
`Lb| wZwb Zvgvì Mvcb I cKvk welq Rvbb|125
gnvb Avjvn ejb, N# L#W#" P#J' 0 *#5. # (#d#"J #;\Z#Un N# 5z #;OSK 0
Z#U!h 7H2 ;#JY6 *SK N# 5Y#, . N#!/" . ;Y#, ;# O2J mveavb! Zviv Zuvi
wbKU Mvcb ivLvi Rb Zvì e wfuvR Ki| mveavb! Zviv hLb
wbRìK e AvQvw`Z Ki ZLb Zviv hv Mvcb Ki I cKvk Ki,
wZwb Zv Rvbb, Ai hv AvQ wZwb Zv mwekl AewnZ (n~` 11/5)|
Avjvgv kvbKxZx (int) ejb, Avjvn ZvAvjv G AvqvZ eYbv KiQb h,
Zuvi KvQ Kvb wKQz Mvcb bB| Mvcbxq welq Zuvi KvQ cKvki bvq|
gvbe`q jyKvwqZ AwZ m~ welq Ges cKvk-AcKvk mKj welq
mK wZwb mgK AewnZ| G welqi eYbv m^wjZ AvqvZi msLv
AwaK| hgb Avjvn ejb, *"(S *2 ^ #< . ;Y#,S N"#S 5YE #U
U#Z +#X' #P. *#JK o/0 P#MS AvgivB gvbylK mw KiwQ Ges Zvi
cew ZvK h KzgYv `q Zv Avgiv Rvwb| Avgiv Zvi MxevwZ agbx
AcvI wbKUZg (Kvd 50/16)|126
Ab wZwb ejb, #ZH#'- #;="(#S0 #- . ;Y#, $ IN0 # @Y#6 Avi Rb
ivL h, Avjvn Zvgvì gbvfve Rvbb| myZivs ZuvK fq Ki (evKvivn
2/235)|
125. Zvdmxi Beb KvQxi, 8/9, m~iv nv`x` 4bs AvqvZi evLv `t|
Contents
55
ZvKIqv
55
Avjvn Aviv ejb, P#JXmy 5A . V;Y,2 #;O#JY6 Ph5Y- AZtci Zvì
wbKU c~Y vbi mv_ Zvì Kvhvejx weeZ KieB, Avi Avgiv Zv
AbycwZ wQjvg bv (Avivd 7/7)| wZwb Aviv ejb,
;# =#JY6 5A IK V+@6 #P. N# Y@ #, VNQ#/ #P. *#5. Y# . VNlc #- N# = .
- {#Zl - VDZv ?z. #P. k2Z #P6 oa#, . *#J- N# B#J( vK `]# Oc
VP#JX. VoA #- IK /XA0 kv #P. /W#n0 @"
Zzwg hKvb Kg iZ nI Ges Zzwg ZrmK KziAvb nZ hv Avew Ki
Ges Zvgiv hKvb KvR Ki, Avgiv Zvgvì cwi`kK- hLb Zvgiv
ZvZ ce nI| AvKvkgjx I cw_exi AYy cwigvYI Zvgvi cwZcvjKi
AMvPi bq Ges Zv nZI z`Zi A_ev eni wKQzB bB, hv my
wKZve bB (BDb~m 10/61)| ay ZvB bq, KziAvbi cvZv DvjB G
mwKZ AvqvZ cvIqv hve|
Avjvn ZvAvjv Avmgvb _K AbK Dc`k I uwkqvix bvwhj KiQb, hv
KziAvbi wewfb AvqvZ I Dcgvi ga we`gvb| GZ Aviv AvQ h,
Avjvn Zuvi mgM mwi Kg mK AewnZ, Zvì ZveavqK, Zvì Kg
mK wZwb D`vmxb bb|
KziAvbi AvqvZ Avjvni cheY Ges ZuvK h_v_ kig Kivi h welq
DjwLZ nqQ, Zv e nv`xQ vivI cgvwYZ| hgb-
? 1JM e' #P. # J#M#< ?# <Z ? ? V] ,#". P#2 U#X6 #P6
#P. $J#M#< P= 3v R#J ? *IY U#@M #J#M#"S SK ?# <Z 5Y
YX 7# @ #/AH
' . P8X 6 . ^0/ (#M N0 JM e'
JM e' #P. J#M#< #U- kv +,- #P@- J#S!U 5#~ 3/ D/E ]Z0 #P.
Avyjvn Beb gvmE` c ejb, ivm~jyjvn a ejQb, Zvgiv
Avjvn&K h_vh_ jv Ki| ivex ejb, Avgiv ejjvg, n Avjvn&i ivm~j
a! Avgiv AekB AvjvnK jv Kwi, Avjnvg`y wjjvn| wZwb ejb,
GUv bq| eis Avjvn&K h_vh_ jv KiZ ne| A_vr Zzwg Zvgvi
gv_vK I Zv hv iY ivL ZvK ndvhZ Kie| cU I Zvi AfixY
Contents
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56
welqK ndvhZ Kie| gZz I cixvK iY Kie| Avi h AvwLivZi
Avkvq `ywbqvi m`h ZvM Ki, mB cKZc Avjvn&K jv Ki|127
gvbvex ejb, AvjvnK h_v_ jv Ki cewcivqYZv I jjycZv ZvM

Ki, wbRi Acm`bxq ea Kg mv`b Ki hvZ cwic Cgvbi
AwaKvix nIqv hvq| dj Pwi cwi ne, Avmgvbx b~i ev`vi `q
AvjvwKZ ne, Avjvni cZ`wkZvK gbcvY ^xKvi Ki `ywbqvZ
Rxeb hvcb Kie Avjvni cwZ AbyMZ nq|128
evqhvex ejb, Avjvn _K cKZ jv Kiv Zvgiv hv aviYv Ki Zgb
bq; eis Zv nQ Avjvni Acm`bxq K_v I KvR nZ mg A-cZK
wbqY Kiv|129
jvkxjZv mK mywdqvb Beby DqvBbvn (int) ejb, 1
E0 J
J P. K
C
+\0 +E] +\ 1M" ' UX,
A_vr jv nQ AcKvk ZvKIqv| ev`v AvjvnK fq KiZ cvi bv
hZY bv jv Ki| Avi ZvKIqvkxjiv wK ZvKIqvi ga cwe nZ
cvi jvkxjZv Qvov? h ew AvjvnK h_v_ fq KiZ Pvq m hb ^xq
gwK ndvhZ Ki| `kgvb I A`k A-cZ mK mPZb _vK,
hvZ Zv hb ea Kg eZxZ Kvb wKQz mv`b bv Ki| Dì I ZvZ
aviYKZ welq mK mRvM _vK| A_vr cU I Zrmswk Ai|
jvvb I nvZ-cv ndvhZ Ki| Kbbv Gme A-cZ cUi mv_
mswk| myZivs Zv Avjvni AevaZvg~jK Kvb KvR KiZ cvi bv| KviY
Avjvn ev`vK `Lb; Zuvi _K Kvb wKQzB Avovj _vK bv|130
G mK ivm~jyjvn a ejb, *Y,( g- k#5. ^5 / N0 T#\/A .
7# YE vK k"(52 h KvR Zzwg gvbyli `Lv Acm` Ki, Zv Zzwg
GKvKx wbRbI Kie bv|131

Aci GKwU nv`xQ GmQ,
127. wZiwghx nv/2458; wgkKvZ nv/1608, mb` nvmvb|

129. gyZvh Avngv` Avyj dvvn, Avnv`xQ Iqviv`vZ wd` `ywbqv, ct 11; BQvg Beby gynvv`
Avk-kixd, Avj-gymwjgvn AvZ-ZvwKqvn, ct 5|
130. dvqhyj Kv`xi 1/487|
131. Qnxj Rvg nv/5659; Qnxnvn nv/1055, mb` nvmvb|
Contents
57
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57
.J u# N# l #.0 #P. `. 0 P@Y#6l ? *S0 X5 P6 N2# #P6
N2# ? `Z# z#5. X\ I+: a6 OY,#_J- `B#J2 .O ?X: ?z#.0 V75"M2
#;OSK .0 ? ;Y#,S P#MS #;O#5. N# =S N0 5 #;O[Y: 5 #;O(n ?# <Z
# YE vK u 0 #;O5= N#HEl @A +#JIY #P. N#HEl #;=UY: #P. #;=S #EK
\# =O#S uZM@2
QvIevb c bex Kixg a nZ eYbv Kib, wZwb ejb, Avwg Avgvi
DZi KZK `j mK AekB Rvwb, hviv wKqvgZi w`b wZnvgvi
ceZgvjvi mgZzj bK Avgjmn DcwZ ne| gnvgwng Avjvn mjvK
wew a~wjKYvq cwiYZ Kieb| QvIevb c ejb, n Avjvni ivm~j
a! Zvì cwiPq cwivifve Avgvì wbKU eYbv Kib, hvZ
AvZmvi Avgiv Zvì Afy bv nB| wZwb ejjb, Zviv ZvgvìB
vZMvx Ges Zvgvì mc`vqfy| Zviv ivZi ejv Zvgvì gZB
Bev`Z Kie| wK Zviv Ggb jvK h, GKv Mvcb Avjvni nvivgKZ
welq wj ne|132 Aci GKwU nv`xQ GmQ,
g ?- 7J_#5. g 7=Y#O. g ?# <Z ? ? VRS0 #P6
J#LE 7J_#5. g 1*"(52 #/@ o_#6K 9X.

` \ i8. c 7=Y#O.
BW w/ - ?#U, 1/( 5W - U#h 1JSg, /" -
Avbvm c nZ ewYZ wZwb ejb, ivm~jyjvn a ejQb, wZbwU
wRwbm asmKvix I wZbwU wRwbm cwivY `vbKvix| asmKvix wZbwU wRwbm
nQ KcYZv, cewcivqYZv I AvZAnsKvi| cwivY `vbKvix wZbwU
welq nQ Mvcb I cKvk AvjvnK fq Kiv, mQjZv I `vwiì ga
gacv Aej^b Kiv Ges mvl I Amvl bvqwePvi Kiv|133
gvbvex (int) ejb, Zzwg MvcbxqZvK cvavb `vI| Kbbv Mvcb
AvjvnK fq Kiv nQ cKvk fq Kiv Acv kxl chvqi ZvKIqv|
KviY ZvZ gvbyl `Lvi fq wgwkZ nZ cvi| Avi GB chvqi ZvKIqv
ev AvjvnfxwZi gvSB wbwnZ AvQ mKj cKvi wbwl welq nZ weiZ
_vKv, Avw` me Kg mv`b AbyciYv| KLbv ev`vi ga Avjvni fq
132. Beby gvRvn nv/4245; Qnxnvn nv/505|
133. Qnxj Rvg nv/3039; Qnxn AvZ-ZviMxe nv/2607; wmjwmjv Qnxnvn nv/1802|
Contents
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58
mK D`vmxbZv I kw_j Pj Avmj Ges Avjvni ihvg`x weivax
Kvb wKQz Ki djj m ZIevi kiYvcb nq I vqx AvjvnfxwZi ga
_vK|134 hgb nv`xQ GmQ, ivm~j a-K wRm Kiv njv, Gnmvb
wK? wZwb ejjb, 3/ *S- / #P= #; N- / kSlA $ UX#, N0 Zzwg
Avjvni Bev`Z Ki Ggbfve, hb Zzwg ZuvK `LQ| Avi hw` ZuvK
Zvgvi `Lv me bv nq, Zvnj (gb Kie) wZwb ZvgvK `LQb|135
Bgvg beex (int) ejb, GUv nQ evcKv_K evK hv bex Kixg a-K
Ìqv nqQ| Kbbv Avgvì Kviv c Bev`Z `vqgvb nq ^xq
cwZcvjKK Pvzm `Lv me nj, m h_vme webq-bgZv, myì
cwZZ I Mvcb-cKvk w`K _K mKj cKvi gbvhvM mnKvi
myPviic Bev`Z mb KiZ cvie| ZvB ivm~j a-Gi evYxi A_
nQ Zzwg Avjvni Bev`Z Ki mevevq, Zvgvi Bev`Z hb nq AvjvnK
`Lvevq| Kbbv G Aevq Bev`Z c~Yv nq| hnZz ev`vi j _vK
h, Avjvn ZvK `LQb| dj m Kvb wKQz Kg Ki bv| ev`vi
AvjvnK `Lvi ga G A_B we`gvb| GZ m h_vh_ Avgj Kie| GB
evKi Dk nQ Bev`Z c~Y GKvMZv I GKwbZvi cwZ Drmvn `vb|
Avi ev`v Avjvni Zveavb AvQ gb Ki Bev`Z cwic~Y webq-bgZv
eRvq ivLe| Gme welqi cwZ AbyciYv Ìqv cfwZ|136
Beby iRe ejb, Gi viv Hw`K BwZ Kiv nqQ h, ev`v Gme Yvejx
mn Avjvni Bev`Z Kie h, wZwb hb Zvi mwbKUB DcwZ Ges wZwb
hb Zvi mvgbB AvQb huvK m `LQ| GUv AvjvnfxwZ I Zuvi cwZ
mvbK AvekK Ki|137 hgb ivm~j a ejjb, kSlA $ L#d N0
3/ *S- / #P= NK kS- / Zzwg AvjvnK Ggbfve fq Kie,
hb Zzwg ZuvK `LQ| Avi hw` ZuvK Zvgvi `Lv me bv nq, Zvnj
(gb Kie) wZwb ZvgvK `LQb|138 Abyicfve GUv Bev`Z Av
wiKZv Ges Zv mev myì I c~Yv Kivi Rb mevZK cPv PvjvbvK
IqvwRe Ki|139
134. W. Avngv` dix`, AvZ-ZvKIqv, ct 24; gvIm~AvZzj LyZve Iqv` `yim, ct 2|
135. eyLvix nv/102; gymwjg nv/102 Cgvb I Bmjgi cwiPq AbyQ`; Avey `vD` nv/4697|
136. ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx 1/291|
137. kvqL Avyj gynwmb Avj-Avev`, KzZzk kvqL Avyj gynwmb Avj-Avev`, 23/90|
138. gymwjg nv/11 Cgvb, Bmjvg I Gnmvbi weeiY AbyQ`; Qnxn AvZ-ZviMxe nv/1873|
139. RvgDj Dj~g Iqvj nKvg 1/126|
Contents
59
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59
Ab ivm~j a ejb, 12# =@ Dgh ;0 1%b#Jc *2 #3/#L $ UX#60
1NB.Z #;n ? *!50 UO#c0 ? 1#/@#6 ' 1w#/(@ DAa ] 0
N0 ^5 P. /= . 1#;O2 *Y,-- k#JK # l N0 ^5 P. !M . #/)#S
*#56 #;\#ZH- k#JK # l Avjvni Bev`Z Ki, Zuvi mv_ Kvb wKQzK kixK
Ki bv| dih QvjvZ Av`vq Ki, dih hvKvZ c`vb Ki, n I Igiv Ki|
ivex ejb, Avwg mv w`wQ I aviYv Kwi h, wZwb ejjb, ivgvhvbi
wQqvg cvjb Ki| Avi Zzwg j Ki h, gvbyli wbKU _K wK AvPiY
cZ cm` Ki, Zvì mv_I m aibi AvPiY Ki| gvbyli wbKU hv
cKvk nIqv Acm` Ki, Zv Avjvni wbKU cKvk nIqv _K ZvM
Ki|140
wZwb Aviv ejb, U#56 $ /Av # > C k"(S #]U#6 / kSlA $ UX#6
/ "2 /" %5"' OX#5_2 +@#6- %bJ< TY@6 vK V/_c [+A V/_' +[ A
JSg,2 JSg, Avjvni Bev`Z Ki Ggbfve hb Zzwg ZuvK `LQ|
wbRK giYvcbì ga MY Ki| cZK cv_i I MvQi wbKU Avjvni
whKi Ki| Avi hLb Zzwg cvc KvR Ki dje mv_ mv_B bKxi KvR
Kie; Mvcb cvci Rb Mvcb bKxi KvR I cKvk cvci Rb cKvk
bKxi KvR|141
10. nvivg cwZZ nIqvi c_ I cv AeMZ nIqv :
`ywbqv I AvwLivZ h AKjvY I cxov iqQ Gmei KviY nQ cvcvPvi
I AevaZv| Rb-bv Rb, eyS-bv eyS, vZmvi ev AvZmvi hme
cvcKvR msMwVZ nq Gi KviYB gvbylK evjv-gyQxeZ, wec`vcì
myLxb nZ nq| Avw` wcZv-gvZv Av`g I nvIqv b-Gi RvbvZ _K
`ywbqvZ ciY, Av`, Qvg~`, KIg j~Z, KIg b~n, KIg diAvDb
cfwZi Dci AvcwZZ Avhve-Mhei KviY wK wQj? Zvì cwZ Mhe
bvwhj nIqvi KviY wQj Zvì cvcvPvi I Avjvni AevaZv Ges Zvì
wbKU AvMZ bex-ivm~jMYi weivwaZv|
140. gyRvgyj Kvexi nv/474; wmjwmjv Qnxnvn nv/1477 I 3508|
141. Qnxj Rvg nv/1040; wmjwmjv Qnxnvn nv/1475|
Contents
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60
myZivs Mvbvn I AevaZvi asmvZK cfve I wZKi w`K _K
cwivYi Rb Zv cwinvi KiZ ne Ges Zv _K `~i _vKZ ne| Gi
gaB iqQ Akl KjvY| GUvB nQ Dw ZvKIqv| GUvB ciKvj
Avdmvm I jwZ nIqv _K iv KiZ cvi| cvi AevaZv I
Mvbvni KviY Avhvei myLxb nZ ne; mUv `ywbqvZI nZ cvi|
hgb Aii msKxYZv, wihKi ^Zv, mwi Amvl I va Ges
eiKZ DV hvIqv BZvw`| Avi ciKvjxb kvwZv iqQB|
11. cewK civf~Z Kiv I Avjvni AvbyMZ Kivi cwZ Rvbv :

cewK `gb I civwRZ KiZ cvij Ges mevevq Avjvni AvbyMZ
KiZ mP nj ZvKIqv ARb Kiv hvq| W. gyQZdv Avm-myevC (int)
ejb, hLb Zvgvi gb cvc KvR KiZ Pvq, ZLb ZvK Avjvni K_v
iY Kwiq `vI| hw` m wdi bv Avm Zvnj ZvK gvbyli cKwZ iY
Kwiq `vI| hw` m wdi bv Avm Zvnj gvbyl Rvbvi ci jwZ nIqvi
I jvwZ-AcgvwbZ nIqvi K_v iY Kwiq `vI| hw` ZvZ wdi bv
Avm Zvnj Rvbe h, H gyn~Z m Rvbvqvi icvwiZ nq MQ|142
Bebyj Kvwqg (int) ejb, mKj KvRi g~j wfw nQ Avjvni cwZ
fvjevmv, mKj cKvi Dcvq-DcKiY viv Zuvi mw I bKU jvfi
AvKvv Kiv Ges Zuvi wbKU cuQvi I Zuvi mv_ mvvZi cej AvKlY
I AvMn _vKv| G welq hw` ev`vi AvMn bv _vK Zvnj RvbvZ, Zvi
bAvgZ I ZvZ Avjvn ^xq wcq ev`vi Rb hv cZ Ki iLQb, Zv
cvIqvi AvKvv _vKv| hw` Gi cwZ ev`vi AvMn bv _vK, Zvnj
Rvnvbvg I ZvZ Avjvn Aevaì Rb hv Zix Ki iLQb ZvK fq
Kiv| Gmei Kvb wKQzi cwZ Ai AbyMZ bv nj Zvi Rvbv DwPZ h
Avjvn bAvgZ c`vb Kivi Rb Rvnvbvg Zix Kibwb| Avi Avjvn hv
wbaviY Kib Zv cwieZb Kivi gZv Kviv bB| myZivs cewi
weivwaZv I Avjvni AvbyMZ ewZiK RvbvZ hvIqvi Kvb weK ivv
bB| Avi Avjvni weivwaZvB Rvnvbvg hvIqvi c_|143 Avjvn ZvAvjv
ejb, #P. .0 1
l@ \ ;JM_ IN- 1J#S!U DJM /Q 1Wf #P. .l-
l@ \ 5_ IN- 1

O P6 R(5 OS *2Z u. E Abi h
142. BQvg gynvv` kixd, Avj-gymwjgv AvZ-ZvwKqvn, ct 6|
143. KzZzk kvqL Avyj gynwmb Avj-Avev`, 28/54; W. Avngv` dix`, AvZ-ZvKIqv, ct 28|
Contents
61
61
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mxgvjsNb Ki Ges cvw_e RxebK eQ bq; RvnvbvgB ne Zvi Avevm|
cvi h ^xq cwZcvjKi myL DcwZ nIqvi fq ivL Ges cew
nZ wbRK weiZ ivL; RvbvZB ne Zvi Avevm (bvwhAvZ 79/37-41)|
wZwb Aviv ejb, N5: *2Z u. E #P@ Avi h ew Avjvni myL
DcwZ nIqvi fq ivL, Zvi Rb iqQ `yBwU D`vb (Avi-ingvb 55/46)|
ev`v cvcvPvi KiZ ce nj `ywbqvZ AvjvnK fq Kiv DwPZ Ges
ciKvj ZvK Avjvni myL `vqgvb nZ ne Zv iY Kiv Aek
KZe| Zvnj m cvcvPvi cwiZvM KiZ cvie| Avi Avjvn KziAvb
DjL KiQb h, cewi AbymiY gvbylK Zuvi c_ _K wePzZ Ki
`q| hgb wZwb `vD` (Avt)-K m^vab Ki ejb, 35Y,: SK ]#]
+#JX< #P6 kIYBJ-

O 9 X eM2 ^5 P#J2 #;=#'- {#Zl - %(J#YE
o"M u# # "S @2 U#Uc oH6 #;O +#JX< #P6 N# YB P#HI INK n
`vE`! Avgiv ZvgvK cw_exZ cwZwbwa KiwQ| AZGe Zzwg jvKì
ga mywePvi Ki Ges Lqvj-Lykxi AbymiY Kiv bv| Kbbv GUv ZvgvK
Avjvni c_ nZ wePyZ Kie| hviv Avjvni c_ cwiZvM Ki Zvì Rb
iqQ KwVb kvw (Qvqv` 38/26)|
cewi Abymvixiv Avjvni n`vqvZ jvf KiZ cvi bv ej wZwb DjL
KiQb| ZvìK wZwb mevwaK hvjg ejQb| wZwb ejb, #; N-
Ù\ /#JW2 \ 9X P@. +w0 #P. #;\$ #\0 N# ,X @S0 #;Y#6- k # X#J_#"
P#J@I) u# GU#O $ INK P. AZtci Zviv hw` Zvgvi Avnvb
mvov bv `q, Zvnj Rvbe Zviv Zv Kej wbRì Lqvj-Lykxi AbymiY
Ki| Avjvni c_ wb`k AMvn Ki h ew wbR Lqvj-Lykxi AbymiY
Ki Zvi Acv AwaK wev Avi K? Avjvn hvwjg mc`vqK c_wb`k Kib bv (KvQvQ 28/50)| Abymvix `ycKvi| h_v- (1) ivm~jyjvn
a hv wbq GmQb Zvi Abymvix (2) cewi Abymvix| KD GZ`yfqi
GKwUi AbymiY Kij m AciUvi AbymiY KiZ cvi bv|
G AvjvPbvi kl Avgiv ejZ cvwi h, Mvbvn cwinvi Kiv Ges Zv
_K weiZ _vKvi Rb KwZcq c`c iqQ| hgb- 1. Avjvni
fvjevmv I Zuvi mvbi LvwZi Mvbvn _K weiZ _vKv| hvZ Zuvi
Contents
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62
wb`k I wblai cwicx KvR msNwUZ bv nq| 2. ciKvjxb Awebki
Rxeb RvbvZ I Zvi Adzi bAvgZ jvfi Awfcvq Mvbvn _K weiZ
_vKv| hgb ivm~j a ejb, - O#2/#L #; J#S!U - /#@d o/c #P.
o# N0 IK D /EF h ew `ywbqvZ g` cvb Kie, ciKvj m cvb
KiZ cvie bv, ZIev Kiv eZxZ|144 myZivs bki cw_exZ nvivg ev
wbwl wRwbm fvM Kiv Awebki Rxeb ewZ nIhvi KviY| ZvB h ew
cvw_e Rxeb cwe I wbjyl ivLe Ges wbwl welq fvM Kiv _K weiZ
_vKe, Avjvni mv_ mvvZi gyn~Z ne Zvi Rb wQqvg cvjbKvixi
BdZvii c~e gyn~Zi bvq|
Bgvg Lvvex G nv`xQi evLvq ejb h, m RvbvZ cek Kie bv|
Kbbv k~iv nQ RvbvZxì cvbxq|145 Bgvg beex (int) ejb, G nv`xQi
A_ nQ m hw` RvbvZ cek KiI ZeyI m RvbvZi PgrKvi Dg
cvbxq _K ewZ ne| hnZz G Aeva ew `ywbqvZ cvb KiQ|146
3. Avjvni Amvli fq I Rvnvbvg cwZZ nIqvi AvksKvq Mvbvn
_K weiZ _vKv| 4. Acgvb I jvwZ nIqvi fq cvc cwinvi Kiv|
mv_ mv_ kig I mvbi Dci Aewk _vKv| 5. cieZx g` cwiYwZ I
gyQxeZi ksKvq cvc ZvM Kiv| 6. Mvbvn _K wbjyl I cwe _vKvi
gvbm cvc cwinvi Kiv, hvZ cewi Abymvix bv nq mvbi kxl
Avivnb Kiv hvq| GUvB nQ AvwiK ckvw; GUv m Rvb h Zv jvf
KiQ| 7. Mvbvn ZvM Kiv GRb h, Zv gvbeZv I f`Zv cwicx|
hgb Avjvn ejb, kv #;O:#/- # )(#M #;\Zh#20 #P. # !BW P#J5.#@Y +
N# ,5#h @2 /#JXE $ INK #;O A#~0 gywgbìK ej, Zviv hb Zvì `wK
mshZ Ki Ges Zvì jvvbi ndvhZ Ki; GUvB Zvì Rb Dg
(b~i 24/30)| 8. Avjvni fq bv Ki jvKjvq Mvbvn cwiZvM Kiv|
GUv nQ mewbg i|
12. kqZvbi loh I KzgYv Rvbv Ges Zvi civPbv _K mZK nIqv :
kqZvb gvbylK fvj KvR evav `q Ges cvcvPvi civwPZ Ki| Avjvgv
Beby gydjn Avj-gvK`mx ejb, Rb ivL h, kqZvb mvZwU duv` ev
144. gymwjg nv/5342; Beby gvRvn nv/3498|
145. RvgDj DQ~j 5/99|
146. ki gymwjg wjbbeex, 13/173|
Contents
63
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ZvKIqv
cwZeKZv wbq gvbyli mvgb Avm| Kzdii duv`; GUv _K gy nj
weÀvZi duv`; GUv _K gy nj Kexiv Mvbvni duv`, AZtci QMxiv
Mvbvni duv`| GUv _K gy nj Ggb ea Kg e ivLv, hv gvbylK
Bev`Z I Avjvni AvbyMZ _K weiZ ivL| Avi Ab_K KvR, hvZ
ZvK dhxjZc~Y KvR _K weiZ ivL| GUv _K m gy nj Zvi
mvgb mg duv` wbq ùvovq| GUv _K gywgb cwivY cvq bv| hw` GUv
_K KD gyw cZ Zvnj ivm~j a gyw cZb| mUv njv kK
Zvi cwZ AwZ `Z jwjq w`q wewfbfve K Ìqv|147 Gme duv`wj
mK AewnZ nj Ges gvbe Ai kqZvbi cekc_ mK Rvbj
gvbyl Zv _K mZK nZ cvie| GLvb DjL Kiv cqvRb h, kqZvb
eby Av`gi k| myZivs m gvbylK fvj KvRi wb`k I g` _K
wbla Ki bv| ZvB Avjvn Zvi _K gvbylK mZK I mveavb KiQb|
Avjvn ejb, #P. # S# =J *2#a' 6#U @SK U6 #Hd- U6 #;= N8#JL INK
/#J," o
M#n0 kqZvb Zvgvì k; myZivs ZvK k wnmve MnY Ki|
m Zv Zvi `jejK Avnvb Ki Kej GB Rb h, Zviv hb Rvnvbvgx
nq (dvwZi 35/6)|
wZwb Aviv ejb, #9X #P. N8#JL 7 8E # ,X # 5.Q P#HI O!0
/=#5@ L#M(2 /.l *S- N8#JL 7 8E n gywgbMY! Zvgiv

kqZvbi c`vsK AbymiY Kiv bv| KD kqZvbi c`vsK AbymiY Kij
kqZvb Zv AkxjZv I g` KvRi wb`k `q (b~i 24/21)|
Aveyj dviR Bebyj RvIhx ejb, Bejxm gvbyli ga hZ`~i me cek
Ki| Zvì gvS Zvi Aevb my`p Ki| Zvì mPZbZv I vb
h_vme nvm Ki `q, D`vmxbZv I AZv evwoq `q| Avi Rb ivL
h, Ai nQ `yM îc| Gi cvPxi AvQ, cvPxi ìRv I wQ` AvQ|
ZvK wwZKvix nQ weeK| dikZviv ZvZ evi evi Avmb| G `yMi
cvkB cewi Avkqj| kqZvb evav bv cj GB Avkqj wew Ki
`q| cnix `yM I Avkqji gvS `vqgvb| kqZvb `yMi cvk m`v
NyiZ _vK cnixi D`vmxbZv I wQ`c_ XvKvi myhvMi mvb| ZvB
cnixi `yMi mKj ìRv I wQ` mK mPZb _vKv ìKvi Zv ndvhZi
147. W. Avngv` dix`, AvZ-ZvKIqv Av`-`yivZzj gvdK`vn, ct 31|
Contents
64
ZvKIqv
64
Rb Ges cvnvivq gyn~Zi RbI Kv-Aemb nIqv DwPZ bq| Kbbv k
KLbI kv nq bv|148
kqZvb IqvmIqvmv viv gvbylK wev Ki| mRb Avjvn gvbylK Zvi
_K Avkq cv_bvi wb`k w`qQb| wZwb ejb, 1^5 o/2 v# 60 +
Z#Un #- ^ #< #GHI 1^5d ^ #< /c #P. 1^5 *K 1^5 k
Y.
1^5 5_ P. 1^5 ej, Avwg kiY wbwQ gvbyli cwZcvjKi;
gvbyli AwacwZi; gvbyli Bjvni wbKU; AvZMvcYKvix KzgYv`vZvi
Awb nZ; h KygYv `q gvbyli Ai; wRbi ga nZ A_ev gvbyli
ga nZ (bvm 114/1-6)|
Ai hLb Avjvni iY _K D`vmxb nq, ZLb kqZvb Gm Ryo em
Ges ZvK Mvbvn I cvcvPvi civwPZ Ki| AZtci hLb ev`v Avjvni
iY Ki Ges Avjvni KvQ Avkq cv_bv Ki, ZLb kqZvb cv`c` nq
I Ave nq co| Avi kqZvbi IqvmIqvmvK Acm` Kiv nQ LuvwU
Cgvbi cwiPq| nv`xQ GmQ,
5"(#S0 #- U_S ?# <Z # - *2M#n0 #P. ^S $: ? D/#/\ #20 #P6
#U0 ? .*2 5#@IY= S0 5 IN0 !MS . *2 ug= 0 *2 ;IY=S N0 ;)#,S $#L
.N@# #/n 3v ? .#;,S # .# @#U:
Avey ivqiv c nZ ewYZ wZwb ejb, ivm~j a-Gi Qvnvexì ga
nZ wKQz jvK Gm ejj, n Avjvni ivm~j a! Avgiv gb Ggb welq
wPv Kwi hv cKvk Kiv ev ejv eo Mvbvn gb Kwi| hv Avgvì Rb cm`
Kwi bv Ges AvjvPbv KivI fvj gb Kwi bv| wZwb ejjb, Zvgiv Gic
Abyfe Ki? Zviv ejjb, nuv| wZwb ejjb, GUvB my Cgvb|149
kqZvb gvbylK mrKvR _K wdwiq ivL Ges g` Kg civwPZ Ki|
Avjvn ejb, ~0 #;\!~ P#/-= Y6 P#JfJL 5Y<#Z0 S0 / #;0 Zzwg wK
j Ki bv h, Avgiv Kvwdiì Rb kqZvbìK Qo iLwQ
ZvìK g` Kg weklfve cjy Kivi Rb? (gvwiqvg 19/83)|
148. AvZ-ZvKIqv Av`-`yivZzj gvdK`vn, ct 32|
149. gymwjg nv/357; Avey `vD` nv/5113; wgkKvZ nv/54|
Contents
65
65
ZvKIqv
gvbyl Avjvni AvbyMZ I whKi iZ _vKj kqZvbi IqvmIqvmv Kvb
KvR Avm bv| wK hLb Zviv Avjvni AvbyMZ I whKi _K D`vmxb nq
co, ZLb kqZvb ZvìK Mvbvn I cvci KvR KiZ cjy Ki| ZvB
kqZvbi Kej _K iv cZ gvbylK wbgv KvRjv Kiv hiix|
K. Avjvni wbKU mvnvh cv_bv Kiv :

kqZvbi KzgYv I civPbv _K cwivY jvfi Rb Avjvni mvnvh I
Avkq cv_bv KiZ ne| gnvb Avjvn ejb, #aS N8#JL P. k5ya#5 .K
;#JY6 9#J@< *SK 2 H ,#<- hw` kqZvbi KzgYv ZvgvK civwPZ Ki,
Ze Avjvni iY Kie, wZwb mekvZv, me (Avivd 7/200)| kqZvbi
civPbv _K gyw cvIqv mK nv`xQ GmQ,
+ ,_- ;Y< *JY6 Yn X5 U#56 Ng:Z #< ? ]/n P#2 N@#JY< #P6
# %@YA /#6$p #SK ?# <Z ?- *:]#0 (#5 5#J6 !/@#M @\U'0
;#J:/ N8#JL P. 2 v# 60 U_ #
HI *#56 \H H\ O
myjvqgvb Beby Qziv` c nZ ewYZ, wZwb ejb, ivm~jyjvn a-Gi
ìevi `yew ciiK Mvwj w`Z jvMj| dj Gì GKRbi PvL
jvj nZ _vK I Nvoi wkiv gvUv nZ _vK| ivm~jyjvn a ejjb,
Avwg AekB Ggb GKwU `vAv Rvwb G ew Zv ejj wbqB Zvi ivM
Pj hve| Zv njv ;#J:/ N8#JL P. 2 v# 60 Awfk kqZvb _K
Avwg Avjvni wbKU Avkq cv_bv KiwQ|150
L. m~iv BLjvQ, dvjvK I bvm cvV Kiv :
kqZvbi cebv _K gyw jvfi AbZg Dcvq njv m~iv BLjvQ,
dvjvK I bvm cvV Kiv| nv`xQ GmQ,
? ?# 0 . TY .+ ?# <Z # ? ? 5O_ V/.6 P#2 X6 #P6
?# <Z P\0/- .(^5 o/2 v# 60 +) (eY( o/2 v# 60 +) (U'0 \ +)
.POYz@2 ^5 v , #0 POYz@2 ^5 v , #; ? ;
150. eyLvix nv/5764; Avey `vD` nv/4783|
Contents
66
ZvKIqv
66
DKev Beby Avgi c nZ ewYZ wZwb ejb, ivm~jyjvn a AvgvK
ejjb, Zzwg ej| Avwg ejjvg, wK eje? wZwb ejjb, Kzj qvjv
Avnv`, Kzj AvDhy weiwej dvjvK, Kzj AvDhy weiweb bvm| ivm~jyjvn
a Gwj cojb| AZtci wZwb ejjb, gvbyl G m~ivqi gZ Kvb
m~iv viv Avkq cv_bv Ki bv|151 Aci GKwU nv`xQ GmQ,
P #J2 ;IY< *#JY6 IYn ?# <Z 9. /#J<0 S0 5#J2 ? V/.6 P#2 X6 P# 6
v# 6l2 v , ?# <Z +, _- DU#Uc @Y #Z 5#JLy vK #2l (#M_
v ,. v , @- @O2 v , X6 ?# ^5 o/2 v# 60 eY( o/2
@OYz@2
IKev Beby Avwgi c ejb, GK`v Avwg ivm~j a-Gi mv_ Ryndv I
AveIqvi gaeZx GjvKvq PjwQjvg| Ggb mgq AvgvìK cej So I
Nvi AKvi AvQb Ki djj| ZLb ivm~j a m~iv dvjvK I m~iv bvm
viv Avjvni wbKU Avkq cv_bv KiZ jvMjb Ges ejjb, n IKev!
Zzwg GB m~ivq viv Avjvni wbKU Avkq cv_bv Ki| KviY GB m~iv qi
gZ Avi Kvb m~iv viv Kvb cv_bvKvix Avkq cv_bv KiZ cvi bv|152
Ab eYbvq GmQ, Ave`yjvn Beby Lyevqe c ejb, GKevi Avgiv
So-ew I Nvi AKvivQb ivZ ivm~j a-K LuvRvi Dk ei
njvg Ges ZvuK cjvg| ZLb wZwb ejjb, \ + + ? ?# 0 . TY- +
V#c [+A #P. k#J(= V7/. Y #"#@ P#J' X#h P#J' P#Jv ,@ U'0
ej| Avwg ejjvg, wK eje? wZwb ejjb, hLb Zzwg mKvj Kie wZbevi
Ki m~iv BLjvQ, m~iv dvjvK I m~iv bvm coe Ges hLb mv Kie ZLb
wZbevi Ki GB m~ivwj coe| GB m~ivwj h Kvb wec`vcì
gvKvwejvq Zvgvi Rb h_ ne|153
M. Nygi mgq AvqvZzj Kzimx cvV Kiv :
iv Nygvbiv c~e AvqvZzj Kzimx cvV Kij kqZvbi Kej _K wbivc`
_vKv hvq| Avey ivqiv c ewYZ nv`xQ GmQ, kc/- K T#0 vK
151. bvmvC nv/5430-31; Avey `vD` nv/1315, mb` Qnxn|
152. Avey`vE`, nv`xQ Qnxn, Avjevbx, wgkKvZ nv/2162; evsjv wgkKvZ nv/2058|
153. wZiwghx, nv`xQ Qnxn, wgkKvZ nv/2163; evsjv wgkKvZ nv/2059|
Contents
67
ZvKIqv
67
X#h ' N8#Jc k2/ -' P. k#JY6 ?a #P <#/= Q 0/N8#Jc 3v o#HA \ kUn ;IY< *#JY6 IYn !X5 ?- A_vr hLb
Zzwg Zvgvi weQvbvq Avkq wbe ZLb AvqvZzj Kzimx coe, Zvnj
Avjvni c _K Zvgvi Rb GKRb iK _vKe Ges mKvj ch
kqZvb Zvgvi wbKUeZx nZ cvie bv| ivm~j a b ejjb,
ZvgvK m mZ ejQ, hwÌ m wg_yK| m nQ kqZvb|154
Avey ivqiv ewYZ Ab nv`xQ GmQ, ivm~j a wRm Kijb,
5,(#5 1V7@YA #5@[Y, *S0 ;6~ ?# <Z TY .'ZX 3/#J<0 +,- .
Q 0/- kc/- K T#0 vK # ? TY .\ . ? .*Y#JX< T#JIYd- 1O2
?a #P # ? (u !J !M \ IK *K ) ;#d ' O0 #P. <#/=
Y6 V#c /#'0 # SA 1X#h ' N8#Jc k2/ -' P. k#JY6
#P. ;Y#, 1o#HA \ kUn #U *SK .0 ;IY< *#JY6 IYn !X5 ?- ./#Jd
N8#Jc 3v ? . ? .D/#/\ 20 V?J g H#5. fd
MZ ivZ Zvgvi ew` wK KiQ? Avwg ejjvg, m aviYv KiQ h,
AvgvK wKQz evK wkv è, hv viv Avjvn Avgvi DcKvi Kieb| dj
Avwg ZvK Qo w`jvg| ivm~j a ejjb, mwj wK? Avwg ejjvg, m
AvgvK ejQ, hLb Zzwg weQvbvq hve ZLb AvqvZzj Kzimx i _K kl
ch coe (u !J !M \ IK *K ) Avi m AvgvK ejj, Avjvni
c _K Zvgvi Rb GKRb iK _vKe| mKvj ch kqZvb Zvgvi
wbKUeZx nZ cvie bv| Avi Zviv wQjb KjvYi cwZ AwZ AvMnx| bex
Kixg a ejjb, In m mZ ejQ, hwÌ m wg_yK|155
Ab ivm~j a ejb, .<#/= Q Pq P. R#S /#J_ AvqvZzj Kzimx
gvbylK wRbi Kej _K iv Kie|156
154. eyLvix nv/3033|
155. eyLvix nv/2311; Qnxn AvZ-ZviMxe nv/610; wgkKvZ nv/2123|
156. Beby wnevb nv/1724; wmjwmjv Qnxnvn nv/3245|
Contents
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ZvKIqv
68
N. m~iv evKvivn cov :
m~iv evKvivn cov nj kqZvbi Kej _K iv cvIqv hvq| G gg ivm~j
a ejb, *YE#U D/X *J- 0/ #
HI T#JX INK /2. #;= J2 Y,#_
N8#JL Zvgvì MnK Kei cwiYZ Ki bv| wbqB H Ni hvZ m~iv
evKvivn cvV Kiv nq, kqZvb ZvZ cek Ki bv|157 wZwb Aviv ejb,
D/X DZ# < *#J- 0/ `#J2 +E#U N8#JL IN- #;=# J2 #- D/X DZ# < #/
Zvgiv evoxZ m~iv evKvivn ZjvIqvZ Ki| Kbbv kqZvb m evoxZ
cek Ki bv, hvZ m~iv evKvivn ZjvIqvZ Kiv nq|158
Ab wZwb ejb, INK 1D/X DZ# < NQ#/ u5< 1`.5< V#c [+= INK
D/X DZ# < *#J- 0/ #GHI T#JX P. /E 0/ D/X DZ# < 9@< vK N8#JL
wbqB cZK wRwbmi KzR iqQ| KziAvbi KzR nQ m~iv evKvivn|
kqZvb H evwo _K ei nq hvq, hLvb m~iv evKvivn ZjvIqvZ Kiv
nq|159
O. m~iv evKvivi klvsk cov :
m~iv evKivi kl `yAvqvZ AwZ dhxjZc~Y| GUv cvV Kij kqZvbi
IqvmIqvmv I KzgYv nZ invB cvIqv hvq| ivm~jyjvn a ejb,
(A VY#J #- @\0/ #P. D/X DZ# < /EQ #P. NF m~iv evKvivi kl
`ywU AvqvZ h iv cvV Kie, mUv Zvi Rb h_ ne|160 Ab
ivm~jyjvn a ejb, {#Z$p 7 @" eY#d N0 +#X `2A A $ INK
V?J g VZ] - NQ/ D/X DZ < @O2 ;E P#JQ *#5. ?a#S0 Vu6 #(l2
.N8#Jc O2/J- wbqB Avjvn Avmgvb-hgxb mwi `ynvhvi eQi c~e GK
Lvbv M cYqb KiQb| Zv nZ `ywU AvqvZ bvwhj KiQb, hv viv m~iv
evKvivn mgv KiQb| m `ywU h Ni wZb ivw cov ne kqZvb Zvi
wbKUeZx ne bv|161
158. nvKg, Qnxn AvZ-ZviMxe nv/1463; wmjwmjv Qnxnvn nv/1521|
159. nvKg, wmjwmjv Qnxnvn nv/588|
160. eyLvix nv/4008; Beby gvRvn nv/1430-31; Avey `vD` nv/1399|
161. wZiwghx nv/3124; wgkKvZ nv/2145; Qnxj Rvg nv/1799; Qnxn ZviMxe nv/1468|
Contents
69
ZvKIqv
69
Avi GKwU nv`xQ GmQ,
*# - `BJS 9@< vK +#/ #X: U#56 ? <Z @5#J2 ? V^X6 P#2 P6
- . @" P. - #U o2 H\ ?- @" K /h2 +#/#X: 9-/
XS @O# #; @O#J#0 P#Z# 52 #/L#20 ?- X5 l- kY. *#5. ?a5- ? .
.*#J8#60 IK @O#5. %-#/' 0/ #; D/X DZ# < ;#J E o= M- kY#X
Beby Avevm c ejb, ivm~jyjvn a Avgvì wbKU Dcwe wQjb|
Zuvi wbKU wReixj bwQjb| BwZga wZwb Dci GKwU AvIqvR
bZ cjb| ZLb wReixj bAvKvki w`K ZvKvjb Ges ejjb,
GUv GKwU ìRv, hv AvKvk Lvjv nqQ| BwZc~e KLbI Zv Lvjv
nqwb| AZtci GKRb dikZv m c_ AeZiY Ki ivm~j a-Gi
wbKU Avmjb| wZwb ejjb, `ywU b~ii mymsev` MnY Kib, hv AvcbvK
`vb Kiv nqQ| Avcbvi c~e Zv Kvb bexK Ìqv nqwb| Zv njv m~iv
dvwZnv I m~iv evKvivi klvsk| G `ywUi GKwU nid Avcwb cvV KijI
AvcbvK Zv `vb Kiv ne|162
P. Kvwjgv cvV Kiv :
kqZvbi KzgYv _K cwivY jvfi Rb wbgv Kvwjgv GKkZ evi
cvV Kiv| ivm~j a ejb, h ew cwZ w`b GKkZ evi eje, IK *K
/#U V#c [+A Y6 \ U#@M * kY@ * * k#/c U#' A_vr
GK AwZxq Avjvn eZxZ Kvb cKZ Dcvm bB| Zuvi Kvb kixK bB|
wZwbB ivRvwacwZ| ZuviB hveZxq cksmv Ges mKj ei Dci wZwb
gZvevb| Zvi `kwU Mvjvg Avhv` Kivi mgvb QIqve AwRZ ne,
GKkwU bKx wjwce Kiv ne, Zvi GKkwU cvc gvPb Kiv ne| D
w`bi mv Aewa Zv Zvi Rb kqZvb _K euvPvi ivKeP ne Ges Zvi
Pq mw`b KD Dg KvR KiZ cvie bv| wK KD hw` Zvi Pq
ekx Avgj Ki|163
162. gymwjg, bvmvC nv/920; Qnxn AvZ-ZviMxe nv/1456; wgkKvZ nv/2124|
163. eyLvix nv/3050, 5924; gymwjg nv/4857; wZiwghx nv/3466, 3468; Avey `vD`
nv/5091; Beby gvRvn nv/3798, 3812|
Contents
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70
gyvKxì ewkmg~n
G cw_exZ hviv Avjvnfxi-ZvKIqvkxj Zviv e Abycg weklY
wef~wlZ| Zvì Yvejx AeMZ nj gvbyl Zvì gZ kxl ghv`v jvf
Kivi AvKvv Kie Ges H Ymg~n ARb mP ne| hgb c~eeZx
bKUkxj ev`vì AbZg ewk wQj Zviv mevevq Avjvni wbKU gv
cv_bv KiZb| myZivs gvbyl Zvì Aevb I vb mK Rvbj Zvì
cwZ Mfxi kv, fvjevmv mw ne| hwÌ Zvì mv_ mvvr nqwb|
ZvQvov gyvKxì mK AeMZ nj ewea dvq`v iqQ| hgb- K.
wbt^-nZ`wi` gvbyl ab-m`K ZzQ vb Ki ^xq Aevi Dci
we`gvb _vKv wbRi Rb Dg gb Kie| L. wbRK e_ wnmve me`v
Avjvni myL `vqgvb gb Ki webg ne Ges ciKvji cv_q mq
mP ne| M. gvbyli DbwZi Awfcvq I cPv RvwZi cvZ co
_vKe, hw` Zvi KgKv myì bv nq| N. Avjvni cwZ AvMnx I Zuvi kiY
cZvkx nq mrKg Kij bv PvBZB ZvK Avjvn Adzi bAvgZ `vb
Kieb| O. gyvKxì mK vb gvbylK mvwbZ Ki| ZvInx`x vb
jvfi ci G vb gvbylK mrKvR Dy Ki| P. vb mevevq g~LZv
Acv Dg| GRb ew vbvRb DrmvwnZ ne Ges Zvi Rb h_vh_
cwZ MnY Kie| Avi hLb vbi K_v m cKvk Kie, ZLb Zv Zvi
Rb DcKvix ne| myZivs gyvKxì ewk AeMZ nIqv hiix| wbg
gyvKxì KwZcq ewk DjL Kiv njv|1. gyvKxiv Mvqei cwZ my`p Cgvb AvbqY Ki :
Mvqe ev A`k welqi cwZ wekvm vcb Kiv gyvKxì c_g ewk| hv
Avjvn ^xq M mec_g DjL KiQb| Avjvn ejb, #Z o= kv
1N# (#5 #;\5~Z @. Dgh N# @#J #JW2 N# 5.# P#HI 1P#J@Y
Ù\ *J#N# 5# #;\ D/E2 kY#X #P. ?a#S0 . k#JK ?a#S0 @2 N# 5.# P#HI GUv
mB wKZve, hvZ Kvb m`n bB, gyvKxì Rb GUv c_-wb`k| hviv
A`k wekvm Ki, QvjvZ Kvqg Ki I ZvìK h RxebvcKiY `vb
KiwQ Zv nZ eq Ki| Avi Zvgvi cwZ hv AeZxY nqQ I Zvgvi
c~e hv AeZxY nqQ, ZvZ hviv wekvm Ki I ciKvj hviv wbwZ
wekvmx (evKvivn 2/2-4)| Avjvn Zvì cksmv KiQb, Kbbv Zviv
n`vqvZ Z_v myc_cv|
Contents
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71
2. Zviv gvkxj I gvRbvKvix :

gyvKxì AbZg ewk njv Zviv AbìK gv Ki `q| ivMi
mgqI cwZkva MnY bv Ki ah aviY Ki| KviY Zviv Zvì mKj
Kgi cyivi Avjvni wbKU Kvgbv Ki| Avi gv Kiv ZvKIqvi
wbKUeZx| Avjvn ejb,
Y o/0 # (#, N0 gvd Ki ÌqvB
ZvKIqvi wbKUZg (evKvivn 2/237)| wZwb ejb, OYz. bJ< VbJ< a:
P#J@I) !M *SK Y6 /#:l- Y#n0 (6 P# @- gì cwZdj Abyic
g` Ges h gv Ki `q I Avcvl wbw Ki Zvi cyivi Avjvni
wbKU AvQ| Avjvn hvwjgìK cm` Kib bv (k~iv 42/40)| wZwb Aviv
ejb, ;#J'Z Z# (y #;= /(#W N0 N# !XM 0 # M(#hJ # (#,J Zviv
hb ZvìK gv Ki Ges Zvì `vl-wU Dcv Ki| Zvgiv wK
PvI bv h, Avjvn ZvgvìK gv Kib? Avjvn gvkxj, cig `qvjy
(b~i 24/22)| Ab wZwb ejb, ^5 P6 P#J-, #JW P#J@=
P#J5"#M@ !M Avi hviv va mseiYKvix Ges gvbyli cwZ gvkxj;

Avjvn mrKgcivqYìK fvjevmb (Avj Bgivb 3/134)| myZivs Bnmvb
Kiv gyvKxì AbZg ewk|
3. Zviv Kexiv Mvbvn _K weiZ _vK Ges QMxiv Mvbvn AevnZfve Ki bv :
ZvKIqvkxjì AbZg cavb ewk nQ Zviv Kexiv Mvbvn _K `~i
_vK Ges QMxiv Mvbvn KLbI Zvì msNwUZ nq Mj Zviv mPZb nq
Ges Zv _K ZIev-BMdvi Ki wdi Avm| Avjvn ejb, P#HI INK
N#/h#X. #;\ v- #/IAH N8#JL P. mf #;O". vK # hviv ZvKIqvi
AwaKvix nq ZvìK kqZvb hLb KygYv `q ZLb Zviv AvZmPZb nq
Ges ZrYvr Zvì Pz Lyj hvq (Avivd 7/201)|
nvdh Beby KvQxi (int) ejb, Avjvn Zuvi gyvKx ev`vì mK msev`
w`qQb h, Zviv Avjvni wb`wkZ welq cwZcvjb Ki Ges Avjvni
wbwl welq cwinvi Ki|... Avi Kvb wU Ki djj Avjvni kvw I
wewbgqi K_v iY Ki ZIev Ki Ges wdi Avm nKi w`K| Gici
Zviv h mwVK c_ wQj Zvi DciB AUj _vK|164
164. Zvdmxi Beb KvQxi, 3/534, m~iv Avivdi 201bs AvqvZi evLv `t|
Contents
72
ZvKIqv
72
kqZvb I Zvi mxiv gvbylK fyj c_i w`K Avnvb Ki| Avjvn ejb,
N#/h ; W - #;OS#!U@ #;OS #EK Zvì mx-mv_xMY ZvìK
vwi w`K Ub bq Ges G welq Zviv Kvb wU Ki bv (Avivd
7/202)| GRb ZvKIqvkxj gvbyliv kqZvb I Zvì `vmiì Kej
_K `~i _vKvi Pv Ki|
Avjvgv ikx` ihv ejb, gywgb-gyvKxì Aev njv hLb kqZvbx Kvb
`j Zvì Dci AvgY Pvjvq, hviv Rvnjì Abymvix I Zvì Afy
Ges cvcvPvi I AevaZvq wbgM, ZLb Zviv AvjvnK iY Ki, ah
aviY Ki I mZK nq Ges Mvbvn _K weiZ _vK| Avi hw` Zvì
jb NU hvq, Zvnj Zviv ZIev Ki Ges (mwVK c_) wdi Avm|165
4. Zviv wekvm I K_v-Kg mZev`x :
gyvKx ev AvjvnfxiMY mZcivqY nq| Zviv Zvì Cgvb hgb mZev`x
Zgwb Zvì KgI mrKg civqY| Avjvn ejb, }#Uh2 $: #GHI
N# @ ;\ kb#0 *2 }Un hviv mZ GbQ Ges hviv mZK mZ ej
gb wbqQ ZvivB Zv gyvKx (hygvi 39/33)| wZwb Aviv ejb, kb#0
N# @ ;\ kb#0 # Un P#HI GivB Zviv hviv mZcivqY Ges GivB
gyvKx (evKvivn 2/177)|
ivm~j aI mZcivqY nIqvi Rb DrmvwnZ I AbycvwYZ KiQb| mv_
mv_ wg_vPvi _K mveavb KiQb| wZwb ejb,
? a . 5_ K #GU#O /X INK /X K #GU#O }#Uh IN- }#Uh2 #;=#JY6
oH= #;AK %#Un U#56 = ' }#Uh
/M }U#h +:/
+:/ ?a . Z5 K #GU#O Z _( INK Z# _( K GU#O oH= IN`2IHA U#56 = ' oH=
/M oH=
Zvgiv mZev`x nI| mZZv bKxi c_ `Lvq Ges bKx RvbvZi c_
`Lvq| h ew me`v mZi Dci `p _vK, ZvK Avjvn&i wbKU
mZwb ej wjL bqv nq| Avi Zvgiv wg_v ejv _K mveavb _vK|
165. Zvdmxij gvbvi, 9/459|
Contents
73
73
ZvKIqv
wg_v cvcvPvii w`K c_ `Lvq Ges cvcvPvi Rvnvbvgi c_ `Lvq| h
ew m`v wg_v K_v ej Ges wg_vq Af nq co, ZvK Avjvn&i
wbKU wg_yK ej wjL bqv nq|166
5. Zviv Avjvni wb`kb mg~nK AwZ mvb Ki :

ZvKIqvkxjMY Avjvni wb`kb mg~nK AZ mvb Ki| Avjvn ejb,
o# Y
#P. OS- /m,c #;[), #P. kv GUvB Avjvni weavb| Avi
KD Avjvni wb`kbvejxK mvb Kij GUv Zv Zvi `qi
ZvKIqvmvZ (n 22/32)| A_vr gyvKxiv Bmjvgi wb`kbK mvb
Ki| Zviv Avjvni AvbyMZK wekl iZ `q, Zuvi wb`k gb Pj|
Abyicfve Zuvi wbwl welqKI wekl iZ `q| Gmei weivwaZvK
eo Mvbvn gb Ki| Mvbvn I cvcvPviK h gyvKxMY eo Ki `L G
welq nv`xQ mwevi weeiY DcvwcZ nqQ| hgb Avbvm c ejb,
U #O6 Y6 \!U,5 5A NK /#,L #P. #;=5J#60 #- !}]0 \ %@#60 N# Y@#, #;=SK
72# @ #P. ;IY< *#JY6 IYn X5 A_vr (n jvKmKj!) Zvgiv
Ggb Ggb KvR Ki _vK, hv Zvgvì `wZ Pzji PvBZ m~| A_P
ivm~jyjvn a-Gi hvgvbvq Avgiv mwjK asmvZK gb KiZvg|167
Avjvni ivm~j a ejb, V+X: T#M U6 *SlA *2# Sv
/ P.#@ INK
*(#S0 Y6 /. Vo2HA *2# Sv

/ /:( INK *#JY6 9 N0 d gywgb ew
Zvi MvbvnjvK GZ weivU gb Ki, hb m GKUv ceZi wbP Dcwe
iqQ, Avi m AvksKv KiQ h, meZ ceZUv Zvi Dci am coe|
Avi cvwc ew Zvi MvbvnjvK gvwQi gZ gb Ki, hv Zvi bvK em
Pj hvq|168
6. Zviv bvqcivqY I bvqwePviKvix :
ZvKIqvkxj gvbyli AbZg ewk njv Zviv mvavbyhvqx bvqwePvi Ki|
Avjvn ejb,
Y o/0 \ # U#6 # U#, I0 Y6 Vu# N5c #;=5./#_
166. eyLvix, gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/4824; evbyev` wgkKvZ, 9g L nv/4613|
168. eyLvix nv/6308;wZiwghx nv/2421|
Contents
74
ZvKIqv
N# Y@#, @2 /#JXE $ INK $ Kvb mc`vqi cwZ wel ZvgvìK
hb KLbI mywePvi eRb civwPZ bv Ki| mywePvi Kie, GUv ZvKIqvi
wbKUZg Ges AvjvnK fq Kie, Zvgiv hv Ki Avjvn Zvi mgK Lei
ivLb (gvq`vn 5/8)| ^xq wbKUvZxqì ga njI bvqwePvi KiZ
ne| hgb nv`xQ GmQ, Avgi (int) nZ ewYZ wZwb ejb, Avwg
bygvb Beby evkxi c-K wgîi Dci ejZ bwQ h,
74
?# <Z UO#L ' w#Z0 'Z T#52 D/#@6 #T- 1%J86 #20 #S8#60
T#52 D/#@6 #P. #5#2 T#J8#60 SK ?- ? <Z l- .;Y< *JY6 Yn
+z. 3U /m< T#J8#60 ? . ?# <Z 3UO#c0 N0 #5#/.l- 1%J86 'Z
.*J86 ]/- 9:/- ? .#;A]#0 P#J2 U#6 1$ - ? . ? .H\
A_vr Avgvi wcZv AvgvK wKQz `vb KiwQjb| ZLb (Avgvi gvZv) Avgiv
webZz ivIqvnv i ejjb, ivm~jyjvn a-K mvx ivLv eZxZ Avwg
mZ bB| ZLb wZwb ivm~jyjvn a-Gi wbKU Avmjb Ges ejjb,
Avgiv webZz ivIqvnvi MfRvZ Avgvi cyK wKQz `vb KiwQ| n Avjvni
ivm~j a! AvcbvK mvx ivLvi Rb m AvgvK ejQ| wZwb AvgvK
wRm Kijb, Zvgvi mKj QjKB wK G iKg KiQ? wZwb ejjb,
bv| ivm~jyjvn a ejjb, Ze AvjvnK fq Ki Ges wbRi mvbì
gvS mgZv iv Ki| bygvb ejb, AZtci wZwb wdi Mjb Ges Zvi
`vb wdwiq wbjb|169
7. Zviv me bex-ivm~j I Qvnvevq Kivgi Abymvix :
AvjvnfxiMY bex-ivm~j I Zuvì Abymvix Qvnvevq Kivgi AbymiY
Kib| Avjvn ejb, P#J]h 9. # S# A $ 5.Q P#HI O!0 n
gywgbMY! Zvgiv AvjvnK fq Ki Ges mZev`xì Afy nI (ZIev
9/119)| A_vr Zvgiv mZcivqYì xb I c_i Abymvix nI| hviv bex
Kixg a-Gi mv_ ei nqwQjb| Avi gybvwdKì mv_x nqv bv| G
AvqvZ m`v mZi Dci AwePj _vKvi Ges mZcivqYì mx nIqvi
cwZ Drmvn c`vb Kiv nqQ| hgb Ab wZwb ejb, P#/:O@ /(Y
169. eyLvix nv/2587;wgkKvZ nv/3019|
Contents
75
ZvKIqv
75
$ N#/h#5 `S #wZ P. %g#B- N# W#X #;O #.0 #;\Z] #P. # :/#E0 P#HI
N# ]h ;\ kb#0 *# <Z GB m` AfveM gynvwRiMYi Rb hviv
wbRì Nievwo I mw nZ DrLvZ nqQ, Zviv gynvwRiìK
fvjevm Ges gynvwRiì hv Ìqv nqQ, Zvi Rb Zviv Ai AvKvv
cvlY Ki bv (nvki 59/8)| ZvìK wZwb mdjKvg ej DjL KiQb|
wZwb ejb, #;O#JK /:\ #P. N# !XM #;OY#X #P. N@# ZU X P#HI
gynvwRiì AvMgbi c~e hviv GB bMixZ emevm KiQ I Cgvb
GbQ (nvki 59/9)|
AvjvPbvi G chvq ejv hvq h, gyvKxMY Ggb AbK ea welq ZvM
Kib, G fq h, hvZ mgmv AvQ, ZvZ Rwoq bv cob Ges m`nhy
welqI cwiZvM Kib| hgb Beby Igi c ejb, #J' U#X, Y#X
Z#Uh - 3' . iU '

A_vr ev`v ZZY ch cKZ
ZvKIqvi i cuQZ cvie bv, hZY bv Hme welq cwinvi Ki hv
Zvi Ai Lvivc gb nq|170
Avyi ingvb Avj-gyeviKcyix (int) ejb, - E *2 ^l2 . 3/ P. >
^l2 *J- gyvKx (Avjvnfxi) nQb, H ew h mme welqI cwiZvM

Ki, hvZ wZ bB, G fq h hvZ wZ AvQ (ZvZ cwZZ bv nq)|171
ivm~jyjvn a ejb, O@Y#, 7OX#L. @O5#J2 PJ2 u/M PJ2 ?gM
OX!L - 9 #P. *w#/6 *5#U 0/#X#< 7OX!L P@- ^5 P. /#JzA
7
u/M - 9 nvjvjI nvivgI | Dfqi ga wKQy m`nhy
welq iqQ, hv AbK gvbyl Rvb bv| h ew m`nhy welq _K euP
_vKe, m Zvi xb I Zvi ghv`vK c~Y Ki wbe| Avi h ew
m`nhy welq cwZZ ne m nvivg cwZZ ne|172
170. eyLvix bex Kixg a-Gi evYx Bmjvg cuvPwU wfwi Dci cwZwZ AbyQ`, Cgvb
Aavq-2|
171. ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx, 6/201|
172. gymwjg nv/4171; Avey `vD` nv/3331; wZiwghx nv/1205; Beby gvRvn nv/3984; bvmvC
nv/4453|
Contents
ZvKIqv
76
76
ivm~j a Aviv ejb, k

X#/ . K kX#/ . #i] m`nhy welq
Qo m`ngy welqi w`K avweZ nI|173
Ab wZwb ejb, 13/#0 N X#< @ NA ; P. *#JY6 *Xc . 3/ #P@- h
ew m`nhy KvR KiZ `ytmvnm Ki, m ewi my Mvbvni KvR
cwZZ nIqvi h_ AvksKv iqQ|174
Gme nQ gyvKxMYi KwZcq Abycg ewk| hvi Rb Avjvn ZvìK
DP ghv`v I RvbvZ `vb Kieb| gvbyl Gme Rvbj ZvKIqvkxj nZ
mP ne| dj ciKvj Rvnvbvg _K cwivY jvf Ki ab ne|
ZvKIqvi djvdj
ZvKIqv ev AvjvnfxwZ BnKvj I ciKvj Dfq RMZi Rb AwZ DcKvix|
GUv Dfq RMZ ghv`v ewi gvag| GUv cvw_e I ciKvjxb Rxeb
KjvYi w`K avweZ Ki Ges AKjvY I AgjK cwZnZ Ki| hgb
bex Kixg a ejb, V/#JE [+A i@: *S- Kbbv Zv (ZvKIqv) nQ
mKj KjvYi mgvekKvix|175 wZwb Aviv ejb, V#c [+A ^0Z *SGUv nQ mKj wKQzi g~j|176 wZwb Aviv ejb, V/#Jd2 ?a #P #;AU'0 INK
$ . wbqB Zvgvì KD ZZY KjvYi ga _vKe, hZY
ZvKIqvkxj _vKe|177 eZ ZvKIqvi djvdjK `yfvM fvM Kiv hvq|

h_v- K. ZwiZ djvdj L. wejw^Z djvdj| ZvKIqvi G `ycKvi
djvdji mwevi weeiY wbg Dcvcb Kiv njv|-
K. ZwiZ djvdj :
ZwiZ djvdj ejZ Ggb wKQz djvdj I DcKvwiZvK eySvq, hv
BnKvjxb Rxeb jvf Kiv hve| Gme KjvYKi welq cvw_e Rxeb AwZ
`Z ev wKQzUv ìxZ AwRZ nZ cvi| Ze Zv jvfi Rb ahi mv_
Acv Kiv hiix| GLvb ZvKIqvi ZwiZ djvdji KqKwU w`K DjL
Kiv njv|173. wZiwghx nv/2708; bvmvC nv/5729; wgkKvZ nv/2773|
174. eyLvix nv/1910, 2051|
176. Avngv`, wmjwmjv Qnxnvn nv/555|
177. eyLvix nv/2743, 2964|
Contents
77
77
ZvKIqv
1. msKxYZv I mgmvq c_ cvIqv I AKbxq Drm _K RxweKv jvf :
gvbyl ZvKIqvkxj nj Avjvn ZvK AKbxq Drm _K RxebvcKiY `vb

Kieb Ges Zvi mKj mgmv `~i Ki èb| gnvb Avjvn ejb, e #P.
"#M #J' #P. *~#/ 1`:/#d. *I +,#_ $ h KD AvjvnK fq Ki,

Avjvn Zvi c_ Ki wèb Ges ZvK Zvi aviYvZxZ Drm nZ `vb Kieb
wihK (ZvjvK 65/2-3)| Beby Avevm c ejb, G AvqvZi A_ nQ
Avjvn ZvK BnKvjxb I ciKvjxb mKj mgmv _K gyw èb|178
2. mKj KvR-Kg mnRmva I nvjKv nIqv :
gyKxì mKj KvR Avjvn ZvAvjv mnR Ki `b| Avjvn ejb, #P.
`/#" /#.0 #P. * +,#_ $ e h AvjvnK fq Ki, Avjvn Zvi KvR mnR
Ki wèb (ZvjvK 65/4)| gyKvwZj (int) ejb, h ew cvcvPvi
cwiZvMi gvag AvjvnK fq Ki, Avjvn ^xq AvbyMZc~Y KvR H
ev`vi Rb mnR Ki `b|179
3. DcKvix vbvRb mnR nIqv :
ZvKIqvkxj ewì c DcKvix Bjg nvwQj Kiv mnR mva nq| gnvb
Avjvn ejb, ;#JY6 V#c [+=2 ;=@[Y, $ Zvgiv AvjvnK
fq Ki Ges wZwb ZvgvìK wkv `b| Avjvn mewelq mwekl
AewnZ (evKvivn 2/282)|
Avjvgv ikx` ihv ejb, Zvgiv AvjvnK fq Ki Zuvi Avw` I wbwl
mKj welq, Zvnj wZwb ZvgvìK KjvYKi mKj welq, m` iv I
cviwiK mK my`p Kivi wkv èb| Kbbv wZwb ZvgvìK mwVK
c_i w`K wb`kbv bv w`j Zvgiv Gme AeMZ nZ cvie bv| Avi wZwb
mKj welq mgK AewnZ| myZivs wZwb Kvb welq wewae Kij Zuvi
meevcx Bjg viv H kixAvZi Abymvixi Rb wZwb KjvY weavb Kib I
Zvi _K Awb `~i Ki `b|180
178. Zvdmxi Beb KvQxi, 8/146; KziZzex 18/159; dvZj Kv`xi 7/243|
179. Zvdmxi KziZzex 18/165; dvZj Kv`xi 7/242|
180. gynvv` ikx` web Avjx ihv, Zvdmxij gvbvi, 3/107|
Contents
78
4. m~ I `~i`w mb nIqv :
ZvKIqv
78
Avjvn ZvKIqvkxj gvbylK `~i`w `vb Kib| wZwb ejb, P#HI O!0
`S#/- #;= +,#_ $ NK # 5.Q n gywgbMY! hw` Zvgiv AvjvnK fq
Ki, Ze Avjvn ZvgvìK bvq-Abvq cv_K Kivi kw wèb
(Avbdvj 8/29)| Avjvgv ikx` ihv ejb, AvwfavwbK A_ N#/( nQ
cfvZ, hv ivZ I w`bi cv_K wbicY Ki| Avi KziAvbK dziKvb ejv
nq, Kbbv Zv nK I evwZji gvS wef` wbicY Ki| Avi ZvKIqv
gyvKxK Ggb RvwZ `vb Ki hv viv m mKj KvR m~ m`nhy
welqI cv_K KiZ cvi, AbK gvbyli wbKU hv AvZ| GUv Ggb GK
DcKvix vb hv ZvKIqvnxb gvbyl jvf KiZ cvi bv| GUv Ggb GK vb
hv wkv jvfi gvag AwRZ nq bv Ges GUv eZxZ ZvKIqv cwic~Y nq
bv| Kbbv mUv Ggb Kgi bvg, hv vb viv cwZcvjb ev cwiZvR nq|
AZGe Bjg nQ ZvKIqvi g~j I Zv ARbi gvag| Avi G vb nvwQj
nq bv wkvRbi cPv eZxZ|181 hgb nv`xQ GmQ, ;Y,2 ;Y, @SK
Aaqbi gvagB Bjg AwRZ nq|182
5. Avjvn I dikZvMYi fvjevmv Ges `ywbqvZ MnYhvMZv ARb :
Avjvnfxi gvbyliv Avjvn ZvAvjv I dikZvMYi gynveZ-fvjevmv
jvf Ki| Avi cvw_e Rxeb Zviv gvbyli wbKU AwZ MnYxq ew wnmve
cwiMwYZ nq| Avjvn ejb, P#J@ !M $ IN- U#O,2 -#0 #P. Y2
nuv, KD Zvi AxKvi c~Y Kij Ges ZvKIqv Aej^b Ki Pjj Avjvn
gyvKxìK fvjevmb (Avj Bgivb 3/76)|
ivm~jyjvn a ejb, $ INK +#/#X:
]S Ù#X6 '0 vK , 3ZX $ INK
'0 #U $ INK @" - +#/#X:

]5 ; 1+#/#X: *!XMJ- *X'l- `Sg- '0 U#
{#Z$p +#\0 #- ?# X * 9w# @" +#\0 *!XMJ- 1# !X'l- `Sg- Avjvn hLb
Kvb ev`vK fvjevmb ZLb wReixjK WK ejb, Avwg AgyK ev`vK
fvjevwm, ZzwgI ZvK fvjevm| ZLb wZwb ZvK fvjevmb| AZtci
181. Zvdmxi gvbvi, 3/108|
182. eyLvix, ZiRgvZzj eve, K_v I Kgi c~e Bjg AbyQ`-10; Qnxj Rvg nv/2328|
Contents
79
79
ZvKIqv
wReixjbAvmgvbevmxK WK ejb, Avjvn AgyK ewK fvjevmb,
ZvgivI ZvK fvjevm| ZLb Avmgvbevmx ZvK fvjevmb| Avi Zvi
Rb hgxb MnYhvMZv Zix Kiv nq|183
Ab ivm~j a ejb, `Sg

- T#XX#'0 #U #SK +#/#X:
]S Ù#X6 '0 vK
?# kH- {#Z$p +#\0 - XM@ * ?a#5 ; @" -
]5J- ? *X'l(] P@#'/ ;O +,#_J< 7
Mh Y@6 # 5.Q P#HI INK) Avjvn hLb
Kvb ev`vK fvjevmb ZLb wReixjK WK ejb, Avwg AgyK ev`vK
fvjevwm, ZzwgI ZvK fvjevm| ivm~j a ejb, wReixj b Avmgvb
NvlYv Kib| AZtci Avmgvbevmxi gvS Zvi Rb fvjevmv bvwhj Kiv
nq| Avi GmKB Avjvni evYx hviv Cgvb Avb I mrKg Ki `qvgq
Zvì Rb mw Kieb fvjevmv (gvwiqvg 19/96)|184
Aveyvi`v gvmjvgv Beby Lvjì wbKU c jLb Ggg h, Zvgvi cwZ
kvw ewlZ nvK| AZtci ev`v hLb Avjvni AvbyMZc~Y KvR Ki, ZLb
Avjvn ZvK fvjevmb| Avi Avjvn hLb ZvK fvjevmb ZLb ev`vì
ga Zvi cwZ fvjevmv mw Ki `b|185
nvivg Beby nvqvb ejb, ev`v hLb AvwiKfve Avjvni w`K avweZ nq,
ZLb AvjvnI gywgbi Aii AwfgyLx nb| GgbwK Zvi Ai fvjevmv
cq`v Ki `b| hgb h mKj gywgb me`v Avgj Qvjn ev mrKg Ki
Avjvn Zvì cwZ gynveZ I fvjevmvi Iqv`v KiQb| wZwb ejb, INK
] P@#'/ ;O +,#_J< 7Mh Y@6 # 5.Q P#HI hviv Cgvb Avb I
mrKg Ki `qvgq Zvì Rb mw Kieb fvjevmv (gvwiqvg 19/96)|186
6. Avjvni mvnvh-mnhvwMZv jvf :

ZvKIqvkxj gvbylK Avjvn mnvqZv Kib Ges wZwb ZvìK kwkvjx
Kib| Avjvn ejb, P#J@ 9. $ IN0 # @Y#6 $ Zvgiv AvjvnK
184. wZiwghx nv/3457; Qnxj Rvg nv/284|
185. Avngv` Beby nv^j Avk-kvqevbx, Avh-hyn`, ct 135; Avngv` Beby Avex eKi Avj-eyQxix,
Bnvdzj LvqivwZj gvnivn, 7/136|
186. gynvv` Lvjvd mvjvgvn, Avj-gvIwi`yj Avheyj gyCb wgb AvQvi AvjvwgZ ZveCb,
2/101; Bgvg evqnvKx, Avh-hyn`yj Kvexi, ct 299-300|
Contents
80
ZvKIqv
80
fq Ki Ges Rb ivL h, Avjvn gyvKxì mv_ _vKb (evKvivn 2/194)|
G AvqvZ (J,>) mv_ _vKvi A_ nQ mvnvh-mnhvwMZv, kwkvjx I
mskvab Kiv| GUv bex-ivm~j, gyvKx I ahkxjì Rb|
Beby iRe (int) ejb, G mv_ _vKv gyvKxì Rb wbw`, hv DwjwLZ
mvaviY mv_ _vKvi Pq wfb|187 hgb Avjvn G AvqvZ ejQb, \
/#Jh2 N# Y@#, @2 #;#5A . P#0 #;=,. Zvgiv hLvbB _vK bv Kb wZwb
Zvgvì m AvQb; Zvgiv hv wKQz Ki Avjvn Zv `Lb (nv`x` 57/4)|
Ab wZwb ejb, vK #;O,. \ P. N# (#d#" ^5 P. N# (#d#"
?# P. w#/ . N # JX Zviv gvbyl nZ Mvcb KiZ Pvq; wK
Avjvn nZ Mvcb Ki bv| A_P wZwb Zvì mB AvQb, iv hLb
Zviv wZwb hv cm` Kib bv, Ggb welqi civgk Ki (wbmv 4/108)|
Avjvn ZvAvjv Aviv ejb,
Z0 9@#<0 @=,. #5SK -d ? wZwb
ejjb, Zvgiv fq Kiv bv, Avwg Zv Zvgvì m AvwQ, Avwg wb I
Avwg `wL (Z-nv 20/46)|
7. Avmgvb-hgxbi KjvY jvf :
ZvKIqv Aej^bKvixì Rb gnvb Avjvn cvw_e I ciKvjxb eiKZ I
KjvYi c_ Dby Ki `b| Avjvn ejb, # # 5.Q
/ +#\0 IN0 #
{#Zl @" P. V7A/2 #;O#JY6 5#M( hw` mB mKj Rbcì

Awaevmxe` Cgvb AvbZ I ZvKIqv Aej^b KiZ, Ze Zvì Rb Avgiv
AvKvkgjx I cw_exi KjvY Dby KiZvg (Avivd 8/96)| A_vr Zvì
Rb Avjvn KjvY ew Ki w`Zb Ges Zvì cwZ Avmgvb-hgxbi
AvcwZZ wewfb kvw mnbxq Ki w`Zb| hgb Ab wZwb ejb, I0
%Uy . #;\5#J#<l #/I8 Y6 # .#< Zviv hw` mZ c_ cwZwZ

_vKZ, ZvìK Avwg cPzi evwi elYi gvag mg KiZvg (wRb 72/16)|
wZwb Aviv ejb, #;O#HJ ^5 #GU#0 #TX"A @2 /#MX /X - ]"( /O
N# ,:#/ #;OIY, # Y@6 #GHI #,2 gvbyli KZKgi ìb j I mgy`
187. Avyj Avhxh Beby gynvv`, gvIqvwi`yh hvgAvb wj`yiwmh hvgvb, 4/459|
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ZvKIqv
wechq Qwoq co; hvi dj ZvìK Zvì Kvb Kvb Kgi kvw wZwb
Av^v`b Kivb hvZ Zviv wdi Avm (ig 30/41)|
Gfve Avjvn gvbyli Rb KjvY weavb Kib| wZwb Pvb mKj gvbyl hb
Zuvi c_ wdi Avm, Kej ZuviB Bev`Z Ki Ges Zuvi ivm~ji AvbyMZ
Ki I Zuvi `Lvbv c_ Pj| Zvnj Avjvn ciKvj ZvìK mxgvnxb
cyivi Zz Kieb|
8. mymsev` Z_v mZ ^c Ges mwi cksmv I fvjevmv ARb :
mZ ^ci gvag Avjvn gyvKxì mymsev` w`q _vKb| Avjvn ejb,
1N# # SA # 5.Q P#HI 1N# Sa#M #;\ #;O#JY6 # E $J#0 INK 0
D/E - J#S!U DJM -
/#LX ;O Rb ivL! Avjvni eyì Kvb
fq bB Ges Zviv `ytwLZ ne bv| hviv wekvm Ki Ges ZvKIqv Aej^b
Ki; Zvì Rb AvQ mymsev` cvw_e Rxeb I cvijwKK Rxeb (BDbym
10/62-64)| G AvqvZi evLvq Avjvgv hvgvLkvix ejb, mymsev` nQ
Hme Avjvn ^xq wKZvei e RvqMvq gywgb gyvKxìK h msev`
w`qQb| Abyicfve nv`xQI GmQ|
?# #P6 ;Y< *JY6 Yn ? <Z Tl< ? T.h P#2 D]X6 #P6
Mh #!/ \ ? .(D/ EF - J#S!U DJM -
/#LX ;O) * SM#X<
.*
/ #0 ;Y#"@ \/
Dev`vn BebyQ QvgZ c nZ ewYZ, wZwb ejb, Avwg ivm~j a-K
Avjvni evYx Zvì Rb AvQ mymsev` cvw_e Rxeb I cvijwKK
Rxeb (BDbym 10/62-64) mK wRm Kijvg| wZwb ejjb, GUv nQ
Dg ^c| hv gymwjg `L A_ev ZvK `Lvbv nq|188 Abyic GKwU
eYbv AvZv Beby Bqvmvi nZ GmQ| 189
Ab ivm~j a ejb, .7/LX@ TJ2 D X!5 TX\v beyIqvZ Pj
MQ, mymsev` Aewk AvQ|190
188. Beby gvRvn nv/4031; wZiwghx nv/2275, wmjwmjv Qnxnvn nv/1786|
189. wZiwghx nv/2273; Beby gvRvn nv/3898; wmjwmjv Qnxnvn nv/1786|
190. Beby gvRvn nv/3896; Qnxj Rvg nv/3439|
Contents
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82
mymsevì evLvq nv`xQ GmQ, Avbvm Beby gvjK c nZ ewYZ,
wZwb ejb, ivm~j a ejQb,
Y6 kv eL- ? .XS #

U#,2 ?# <Z g- #T,8#S U D X!5 </ INK
#Z ? 7/LX@ . ?# <Z # .7/LX@ P= ?- ^5
.D X!5 a#:0 #P. #a: \ ;Y#"@
imvjvZ I beyIqvZ e nq MQ| myZivs Avgvi ci Kvb ivm~j bB,
Kvb bexI bB| ivex ejb, GZ gvbyli gb f Mj| AZtci wZwb
ejb, mymsev` evKx AvQ| Qvnvevq Kivg ejjb, mymsev` wK n
Avjvni ivm~j a? wZwb ejjb, gymwjgì ^c| GUv beyIqvZi
Askwji GKUv Ask|191 Ab nv`xQ GmQ, Avey hi wMdvix c
ejb, ivm~j a-K ejv njv, /#Jd P. +@, +@#, +:/ T#0Z0
.P.#@
/#L2 +:6 kY ? *#JY6 ^5 U@#M A_vr H jvKwUi evcvi
Avcbvi AwfgZ wK, h fvj KvR Ki Ges Zvi Rb gvbyl Zvi cksmv
Ki? wZwb ejjb, IUvB `ywbqvZ gywgbi mymsev`|192
Avjvn Aviv ejb, #/L#20 # Sa#M # -d I0 =mg@ ;O#JY6 ?a5
N#U6# #;#5A #I 5_2 Zvì wbKU AeZxY nq wdwikZv Ges ej,
Zvgiv fxZ nqv bv, wPwZ nqv bv Ges ZvgvìK h RvbvZi
cwZkwZ Ìqv nqwQj Zvi Rb Avbw`Z nI (nv-gxg mvR`v 41/30)|
Avjvn gyvKxì Rb h mymsev` w`qQb, Zba KqKwU nQ- (K)
Zvì ciKvjxb Rxeb ne fq-fxwZnxb, `ywvgy| BnKvjxb I
ciKvjxb Rxeb ne myì I myLgq (BDbym 10/62-64)| (L) Zvì Rb
ciKvjxb Rxeb iqQ Rvnvbvg _K gyw (gvwiqvg 19/71-72)| (M)
Zvì Rb ciKvjxb Rxeb iqQ gnv myLi vb RvbvZ (Kjvg 68/34)|
9. kì Pv I loh _K iv :
ZvKIqvkxj gvbylK mKj cwZKjZv I kì KUKkj, loh I
Pv _K gnvb Avjvn ndvhZ Kib| wZwb ejb, # #/X#h NK
191. wZiwghx nv/2272, mb` Qnxn|
Contents
83
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83
#JM. N# Y@#, @2 $ INK %b#Jc #;\U#JA #;A!/B Zvgiv hw` ahkxj nI Ges
gyvKx nI, Ze Zvì loh Zvgvì wKQzB wZ KiZ cvie bv| Zviv
hv Ki Avjvn Zv cwieb Ki iqQb (Avj Bgivb 3/120)| G AvqvZi
evLvq nvdh Beby KvQxi (int) ejb, AwbKvixì Awb _K wbivcv
jvfi c_ Avjvn ZvìK c`kb Kib| ah aviY, ZvKIqv Aej^b I
Avjvni Dci wbfikxj nIqvi gvag cvwcì loh _K wbivc`
_vKvi c_ `Lvb| g~jZ wZwb kì cwieb Ki AvQb| wZwb eZxZ
gyvKxì Dci Kviv Kvb kw bB| wZwb hv Pvb, ZvB msNwUZ nq Ges
hv Pvb bv Zv nq bv|193
Avjvgv hvgvLkvix ejb, hw` Zvgiv Zvì kì Dci ah aviY Ki Ges
Zvgvì cfyi c _K wbwl welqi evcvi ZvKIqv Aej^b Ki A_ev
Zvgiv hw` xbi KZe cvjbi K-Kk ah aviY Ki Ges Avjvni wbwl
welq cwinvi ZvKIqv Aej^b Ki; Avi Zvgiv Avjvni Zveavb iqQ,
Zvnj Zvì loh Zvgvì Kvb wZ KiZ cvie bv|194
10. Avjvni mnvqZvq `yej mvbì ndvhZ :
gnvb Avjvn ZvKIqvkxjì iL hvIqv `yej mvbì ndvhZ Kib|
Avjvn ZvAvjv ejb, # -E %-,w %Zv #;O(YE #P. # A/ # P#HI j#dJ
Ù#U< %# # # J $ JY- #;O#JY6 Zviv hb fq Ki h, Amnvq mvb

wcQb Qo Mj Zvi I Zvì m^ DwM nZ| myZivs Zviv hb
AvjvnK fq Ki Ges mZ K_v ej (wbmv 4/9)|
Avj-Kvmgx (int) ejb, G AvqvZ GB wb`kbv iqQ h, hviv Zvì
`yej mvbì Qo hZ AvksKv Ki, Zviv hb me ZvKIqv
Aej^b Ki| hvZ Avjvn Zvì mvbì iv Kieb Ges Zvì Avkq
c`vb Kieb| Avi Gi ga GB gwK iqQ h, ZvKIqvnxb nj Zvì
eskaiì asm Kiv ne| GZ Aviv BwZ iqQ h, g~ji ZvKIqv
kvLv-ckvLvi myiv| Avi mrKgkxjMY Zvì (mrKgi gvag) `yej
Dim~ixì iv Kib|195 hgb Avjvn ejb, P#J.gW N=- ZU_ .0
193. Beby KvQxi, Avj-KziAvbyj Avhxg, 2/109|
195. Avjx gynvv` AvQ-Qvjvex, wdKb bvQi IqvZ ZvgKxb wdj KziAvb, ct 244|
Contents
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84
`Mn @\# 20 NA @O a#5A *#M NA 5#U@ - P#J@#J Avi H cvPxiwU,
GUv wQj bMievmx `yB wcZnxb wKkvii, Gi wbg`k AvQ Zvì ab
Ges Zvì wcZv wQj mrKgcivqY (Kvnd 18/82)| myZivs H `yB evjKK
I Zvì m`K iv KiQ Zvì wcZvi mrKg|
gynvv` Bebyj gybKvwì ejb, mrKgkxj ewi mvb, Zuvi mvbi m
vb, Zvi Mvgi jvKRb Ges Zvi mgmvgwqK I cvkeZx jvKì RbI
_vK Avjvni c _K myiv I wbivcv ebx|196
11. ZvK I qv Avgj Key j nIqvi gvag, hv viv ev`v BnKvj I ciKvj mfvM jvf Ki :
ZvKIqv ev AvjvnfxwZ ARb KijB Kej Avjvn Avgj Qvjn Keyj
Kib| ZvKIqvnxb gvbyli Avgj Avjvn Keyj Kib bv| Avjvn ejb,
P#J@ P. +X @SK Avjvn gyvKxì wbKU _K Keyj Kib
(gvq`vn 5/27)| Avi ZvKIqvkxjivB cvw_e I ciKvjxb KjvY I mdjZv
ARbi gvag mfvMi AwaKvix nq|
12. cvw_e Rxebi Avhve _K cwivY jvfi Dcvq :
AvjvnfxwZ ARb Kij `ywbqvex Avhve-Mhe Z_v kvw _K cwivY
cvIqv hvq| Qvg~` mc`vqi K_v DjL Ki Avjvn ejb, ]# @ .0
# SA @2 N# O oH, 6n #;O#HEl-

UO Y6 @, !XM#<- #;\5#UON# # SA # 5.Q P#HI 5#J_S 1N# X"= Avi Qvg~` mc`vqi evcvi Zv
GB h, Avgiv ZvìK c_-wb`k KiwQjvg, wK Zviv mrc_i cwieZ
vc_ Aej^b KiwQj| AZtci ZvìK jvbv`vqK kvw AvNvZ nvbj
Zvì KZKgi cwiYvgîc| Avgiv Dvi Kijvg ZvìK hviv Cgvb
GbwQj Ges hviv ZvKIqv Aej^b KiZ (&nvgxg Avm-mvR`v 41/17-18)|
G AvqvZi evLvq Beby Avevm c, Aveyj Avwjqv, mvC` Beby RyevBi,
KvZv`vn, myx, Beby hvq` cgyL ejb, Avgiv Zvì Rb Zvì bex
Qvjn b-Gi hevbxZ nK eYbv KiwQjvg Ges Zv my Ki
w`qwQjvg| wK Zviv weivwaZv Kij, ZvK wg_v cwZcb Kij Ges
Avjvni DUbxK nZv Kij| hv wZwb bexi mZZvi cgvY wb`kb îc
ciY KiwQjb| dj ZvìK jvbv`vqK kvwi eR AvNvZ nvbj
Contents
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85
Zvì KZKgi cwiYvgîc (nv-gxg mvR`vn 41/17), Zvì wg_v cwZcb

Kiv I A^xKvi Kivi ìb| Avi Avgiv iv Kijvg ZvìK, hviv Cgvb
GbwQj Ges hviv ZvKIqv Aej^b KiwQj(nv-gxg mvR`vn 41/18)| A_vr
Zvì ci DwjwLZì Kvb Awb k Kiwb Ges Zviv Kvb wZi
wkKvi nqwb| eis Avjvn ZvAvjv ZvìK Zvì bex Qvjn b-Gi
mv_ iv KiQb Zvì Cgvb I AvjvnfxwZi KviY|197
L. wejw^Z djvdj :
ZvKIqvi wejw^Z ev ciKvjxb djvdjI AbK| hv gywgbi mZZ PvIqv
I cvIqv| Gi gvagB gywgb ciKvjxb Rxeb Rvnvbvg _K bvRvZ jvf
Kie Ges RvbvZ cq ab ne| cvw_e Rxebi mKj Bev`Z-e`Mxi
Dk GUvB| GLvb ciKvjxb Rxeb ZvKIqvi KwZcq djvdj DjL
Kiv njv|1. cvc gvPb nIqv I Akl QIqve jvf :
ZvKIqv Aej^b Kij KZ Mvbvn mg~n Avjvn gv Ki `b Ges `vb
Kib Akl QIqve| Avjvn ejb, `/#:0 * #;)#, *bJ< *#56 #/[(= $ e #P.
AvjvnK h fq Ki, wZwb Zvi cvc gvPb Kieb Ges ZvK wèb
gnvcyivi (ZvjvK 65/5)| Beby KvQxi (int) ejb, Zvì _K `~i Kiv
ne fq-fxwZ Ges bMY Avgji wewbgq Akl QIqve `vb Kiv ne|198
Beby Rvixi (int) ejb, h ew AvjvnK fq Ki Zuvi AevaZv I
Mvbvn cwiZvM Ges Zuvi wb`wkZ dih weavb cvjbi gvag, Avjvn Zvi
cvcvPvi I g`Kgi Mvbvn gv Ki `b| ZvK `vb Kib gnvcyivi|
Beby Rvixi Aviv ejb, H ewK Zvi Kgi AMwYZ cyivi Ìqv nq
Zvi ZvKIqvi KviY| Avi Zvi gnvcyivi nQ RvbvZ cek Kiv|
AZtci mLvb wPivqx nIqv|199
Avjvn Aviv ejb, #;ObJ< #;O#56 S#/I(= # # 5.Q o= +#\0 IN0 #
;#J,5 75: #;\5YE#]l wKZveavixiv hw` Cgvb AvbZ I fq KiZ Zvnj

Zvì cvcmg~n Acbv`b KiZvg Ges ZvìK myL`vqK RvbvZ `vwLj
KiZvg (gvq`vn 5/65)|
197. Zvdmxi Beb KvQxi, 7/169 ct, m~iv nv-gxg mvR`vn 17-18 bs AvqvZi evLv `t|
198. Zvdmxi Beb KvQxi, 8/152ct, m~iv ZvjvK 5bs AvqvZi evLv `t|
199. RvgDj eqvb dx Zvdmxwij KziAvb, 12k L, ct 93|
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86
Avi Rvnvbvg ceki ci gyvKx eZxZ KD Zv _K ei nq bv| hgb
Avjvn ZvAvjv ejb, ; 1JB. `@#' k2Z Y6 NA \]Z IK #;=#5. NK
Jz: O#J- P#J@I) ZHS # P#HI _5S Avi Zvgvì cZKB Zv
AwZg Kie; GUv Zvgvi cwZcvjKi Awbevh wmv| ci Avwg
gyKxìK Dvi Kie Ges hvwjgìK m_vq bZRvby Aevq iL
è (gvwiqvg 19/71-72)|
2. wKqvgZi w`b mwi Dci ghv`vq kxlvb jvf Kiv :
nvkii gvV mgeZ mKj mwi ga gyvKxivB neb mevP ghv`vi
AwaKvix| Avjvn ZvAvjv ejb, P. N#/d#" J#S!U DJM /(A P#HIY P~
.J u# #;O# - # P#HI # 5.Q P#HI hviv mZ cZvLvb Ki Zvì
wbKU cvw_e Rxeb mykvwfZ| Zviv gywgbìK Vvv-we`c Ki _vK;
A_P hviv ZvKIqv Aej^b Ki wKqvgZi w`b Zviv Zvì Ea _vKe
(evKvivn 2/212)| Avjvgv ivMe BQdvnvbx ejb, kxlvb jvfi `ywU w`K
nZ cvi| (1) `ywbqvZ Kvwdiì h Aev wQj, ciKvj gywgbì
Aev ne Zvi kxl| (2) gywgbiv ciKvj _vKe (RvbvZi) cKv Ges
Kvwdiiv _vKe Rvnvbvgi mewbg i|200
Avjvn ZvAvjv Aviv ejb, #;OY@6 V.0 [+= 5~ kHA GBfve cZK
RvwZi `wZ Zvì KvhKjvc mykvfb KiwQ (AvbAvg 6/108)| Ab
wZwb ejb, #;O2 #!/. vK 1N# =M#B # 5.Q P#HI P. # SA # ./#:0 P#HI INK
N#a.W hviv Acivax Zviv Zv gywgbìK Dcnvm KiZ Ges Zviv hLb
gywgbì wbKU w`q hZ ZLb Pz wUc Bkviv KiZ (gyZvdwddxb 83/2930)|
ciKvj Kvwdiì cwZ gywgbì AvPiY mK gnvb Avjvn ejb, u# J-
N#/)#5 kmZl Y6 1N# =M#B ZI(= P. # 5.Q P#HI AvR gywgbMY
Dcnvm KiQ KvwdiìK, mymwZ Avmb nZ ZvìK AejvKb Ki
(gyZvdwddxb 83/34-35)|
200. gynvv` Rvgvjyxb Kvmgx, gynvwmbyZ Zvexj, m~iv evKvivn 212 bs AvqvZi evLv `t|
Contents
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87
3. RvbvZi AwaKvix nIqv :

ZvKIqvkxj ewivB RvbvZi AwaKvix nq| gnvb Avjvn ejb, 5_ kY
J NA #P. S]X6 #P. Z# S # I GB mB RvbvZ, hvi AwaKvix Kie
Avgvì ev`vì ga gyvKxìK (gvwiqvg 19/63)| G AvqvZi evLvq
hvgvLkvix ejb, ZvKIqvkxji Rb Avgiv RvbvZ Aewk ivLe, hgb
DivwaKvixi Rb cwiZ m` evKx _vK| Avi wKqvgZi w`b
gyvKxiv Zvì cwZcvjKi mv_ mvvr Kie, hvì Avgj e nq
MQ wK djvdj evKx iqQ| Avi mUv nQ RvbvZ| myZivs RvbvZ
cek Kij Zviv Zvi AwaKvix nq hgb DivwaKvixiv gZi mì
AwaKvix nq|201
Avjvn Aviv ejb, 7@" Ow#/6 V5: #;=2Z #P. VD/(#W. K # 6Z<
P#J@Y #7U60 {#Zl Zvgiv avegvb nI ^xq cwZcvjKi gvi w`K

Ges mB RvbvZi w`K hvi wewZ Avmgvb I hgxbi bvq, hv cZ Kiv
nqQ gyvKxì Rb (Avj-Bgivb 3/133)| wZwb Aviv ejb, P#J@Y INK
;#J,5 75: #;O2Z U #56 gyvKxì Rb AekB iqQ fvMwejvmc~Y RvbvZ

Zvì cwZcvjKi wbKU (Kvjvg 68/34)|
4. Zviv cèR bq, mIqvi nq RvbvZ cek Kie :
RvbvZ gyvKxì wbKUeZx Kiv ne GgZvevq h, ZvìK mvjvg
Ìqv ne Ges Zvì _K K `~ixf~Z Kivi j| hgb Avjvn ejb,
VU#J,2 /#Jy P#J@Y 5_ T(#~0 Avi RvbvZK wbKU Kiv ne, gyvKxì
Kvb `~iZ _vKe bv (Kvd 50/31)| wZwb Aviv ejb, P#J@ /L#MS u#
Ù- P@#'/ K hw`b `qvgqi wbKU gyvKxìK mvwbZ gngvbic

mgeZ Kie (gvwiqvg 19/85)|
nvdh Beby KvQxi (int) ejb, Avjvn Zuvi ez gyvKxì mK msev`
w`qQb, hviv ZuvK `ywbqvZ fq KiQ, Zuvi ivm~ji AbymiY KiQ,
Zvi c` msev`K mZ ej MnY KiQ, Zvi wb`k cvjb KiQ Ges
201. hvgvLkvix, Avj-Kvkkvd, 4_ L, ct 102, m~iv gvwiqvg 63bs AvqvZi evLv `t|
Contents
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88
Zvi wbwl welqK cwiZvM KiQ| Avjvn ZvìK wKqvgZi w`b
mgeZ Kieb `j `j| hviv mIqvi nq myL AMmi ne|202
5. Zviv RvbvZi mevP i I mevg bAvgZ jvf Kie :

ZvKIqvkxjiv RvbvZ kxlvb, DP ghv`v I mevg bAvgZ jvf
Kie| Avjvn ejb, `~(. P#J@Y INK gyvKxì Rb iqQ mvdj (bvev
78/31)| wZwb Aviv ejb,
Vo. P#"M P#J@Y INK /Av H\ GUv GK
iYxq eYbv, gyvKxì Rb iqQ Dg Avevm (Qvqv` 38/49)| Ab

wZwb ejb, VOA(2 O#J- N# 6#U O#J- P#Jb=. 1o #2l ;O %M(. VN#U6 75:
u# J N#U6# . H\ 1o/#0 #/I8 7/n #;\U#56 1Vo/c VD/#JzA
V](S #P. * . 5#~/ H\ INK 1o"M wPivqx RvbvZ, Zvì Rb Dby
hvi vi| m_vq Zviv Avmxb ne njvb w`q, m_vq Zviv ewea djg~j I
cvbxqi Rb Av`k wè Ges Zvì cvk _vKe AvbZbqbv mgeqv
ZiYxMY| GUvB wnmve wèmi Rb ZvgvìK c` cwZkwZ| GUvB
Avgvi `qv wihK hv wbktl ne bv (Qvqv` 38/50-54)| wZwb Aviv ejb,
VZU. Vk#JY. U#56 V}#Un U,. #- 1V/OS V75: #- P#J@ INK gyvKxiv _vKe
mvZw^bx weaZ RvbvZ| hvM Avmb, mvefg gZvi AwaKvix
Avjvni mvwba (Kvgvi 54/54-55)| Avjvn Aviv ejb, +A NK %-/#E~
P#J@Y k2Z U#56 D/E J#S!U DJM i. @ kv gyvKxì Rb Zvgvi
cwZcvjKi wbKU iqQ AvwLivZi KjvY (hyLid 43/35)|
wZwb Aviv ejb, {#Zl - Y6 N#U#/ P#HIY OY,#_S D/E ZU kY
P#J@Y X, `]"- GUv AvwLivZi mB Avevm hv Avwg wbavwiZ

Kwi Zvì Rb hviv GB cw_exZ DZ nZ I wechq mw KiZ Pvq bv|
f cwiYvg gyvKxì Rb (KvQvQ 28/83)|
gyvKxì Aevbji ewk eYbvq Avjvn ZvAvjv ejb, P#HIY +#J
ZU 5"' J#S!U H\ #- # 5"#'0 P#HIY `/#JE # #;=!2Z ?a#S0 v. #
202. Zvdmxi Beb KvQxi, 5g L, ct 263, m~iv gvwiqvg 85bs AvqvZi evLv `t|
Contents
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89
P#J@ Z] ;#,5 /#JE D/E Avi hviv gyvKx wQj ZvìK ejv ne,
Zvgvì cwZcvjK Kx AeZxY KiwQjb? Zviv eje, gnvKjvY| hviv
mrKg Ki Zvì Rb AvQ GB `ywbqvi gj Ges AvwLivZi Avevm
AviI DrK Ges gyvKxì Avevmj KZ Dg! (bvn&j 16/30)|
6. ZvKIqv k-wgK GKwZ Ki :
Avjvn ejb, P#J@ IK U6 V#,X #;OB#,2 VHb.# IgEl eziv mB w`b
nq coe GK Acii k, Ze gyvKxiv eZxZ (hyLid 43/67)|
hvgvLkvix ejb, mB w`b Avjvni mwi Dk eZxZ wfb Dk
vwcZ mKj eb wQb ne Ges Zv kZvq ic be| Ze hviv Avjvni
ihvgvwì j ezZ Kie Zv Aewk _vKe| GUvB vqx ne, hLb
Gme eziv Avjvni Iqv fvjevmv I Zuvi Rb kZv cvlY Kivi
QIqve cZ Kie|203
Avjvn Aviv ejb, 1P#J5. Q Vug"2 \# YE#] 1VN# J6 V75: #- P#J@ INK
P#JY2. VZ/< Y6 `S #EK +y #P. #;\Z#Un #- . 5#6aS gyvKxiv _vKe
cmeY-ej RvbvZ| ZvìK ejv ne, Zvgiv kvw I wbivcvi mv_
ZvZ cek Ki| Avwg Zvì Ai nZ Clv `~i Kie, Zviv vZfve
cii gyLvgywL nq Avmb Aevb Kie (wnRi 15/45-47)|
7. gyvKxiv `j `j RvbvZ cek Kie :
AvjvnfxiMY mswk `ji mv_ GKwZ nq RvbvZ cek Kie| Avjvn
ejb, O2 #20 #TM- \#: vK ' `/.~ 5_ K #;O2Z # P#HI e#J<
P#UE \# YE#]- #;#Xf #;=#JY6 ug< OSaE #;O ? hviv Zvì
cwZcvjKK fq KiZ ZvìK `j `j RvbvZi w`K wbq hvIqv ne|
hLb Zviv RvbvZi wbKU DcwZ ne I Gi vimg~n Lyj Ìqv ne Ges
RvbvZi ixiv ZvìK eje, Zvgvì cwZ mvjvg Zvgiv myLx nI
Ges RvbvZ cek Ki vqxfve AewwZi Rb (hygvi 39/73)|
nvdh Beby KvQxi (int) ejb, GUv nQ mfvMevb gywgbì mK
msev`, hLb Zviv Zvì kZ I ghv`vi ii w`K AMmi ne| A_vr
203. Avj-Kvkkvd, 4_ L, ct 265, m~iv hyLid 65bs AvqvZi evLv `t|
Contents
90
ZvKIqv
90
`jefve RvbvZi w`K| `j `j ejZ bKUkxjì `j, AZtci
cyYevbì `j| AZtci Zvì wbKUZi mKj `j| A_vr bexMYi mv_
bexMY, mZcivqYì mv_ Zvì mgMvxqMY, knx`ì mv_ Zvì
mgchvqi jvK, Ijvgvq Kivgi mv_ Zvì wbKUeZxMY, Abyicfve
cZK `ji mv_ Zvì mgchvqfyiv `je nq|204
KziZzex (int) D AvqvZi evLvq ejb, knx`, mvaK-Zvcm, Ijvgvq

Kivg I Kvix cgyLi ga hviv AvjvnfxwZ ARb KiQ Ges Avjvni
AvbyMZ KiQ (Zviv mswk `ji Afy ne)|205
ZvKIqv weivax KwZcq KgKv

ZvKIqv cwicx AbK Avgj gvbyl Ki _vK| Bmjvgi gwjK cuvPwU
dih cwZcvjb Kivi cvkvcvwk Ggb AbK KvR gvbyl mv`b Ki, hvZ
Zvi ZvKIqvi NvUwZ cwi` nq| AbK Zvi ZvKIqvnxbZvB
cgvwYZ nq| GB KgKvi KwZcq wbg DjL Kiv njv|1. Avjvn I ivm~j a-Gi weivwaZv : Avjvn I ivm~j a hme weavb
w`qQb, Zvi weivwaZv Kiv| hgb QvjvZ-wQqvg, hvKvZ-n Av`vq bv
Kiv Ges hbv-ewfPvi, c`vnxbZv, wg_vPvimn wewfb cvcvPvi wbgwZ
_vKv| Avjvn I ivm~ji weavb gZ wePvi-dvqQvjv bv Kiv| ivRbwZK
elwqK evcvii bvg ivm~j a-Gi Av`k Qo weRvZxq Av`k
Abyhvqx gZv jvfi ZrciZv I iv cwiPvjbvi cPv BZvw`|
4. Bev`Z-e`MxZ wkw_jZv : Avjvn gvbylK Kej Zuvi Bev`Zi Rb
mw KiQb (hvwiqvZ 56)|| wK gvbyl cvw_e Rxebi bvbv KgKv
Ggbfve Rwoq co h, Bev`Z mgq eq Kivi gZ Kvb myhvM Zvi
_vK bv| KLbI KLbI QvjvZ-wQqvg Av`vq KijI Zv D`vmxbfve Ki
wKsev GK AvekK gb Ki bv| GUv ZvKIqvnxbZvi my ewntcKvk|
5. nvivg-nvjvj evQ-wePvi bv Kiv : Kvb Kvb gvbyl wbRì AvavwZK
Rxeb I elwqK RxebK Avjv`v gb Ki| GRb Avq-ivRMvi nvjvjnvivg evQ-wePvi Ki bv| my`-Nyl, gybvdvLvix, gRy``vix, auvKv-cebvmn
bvbv Aea Dcvq A_ DcvRb Ki m` ew Ki| Zvì gvbwmKZv
hb Ggb h, BnKvji welq GLb fvwe; Avi ciKvjxb welq ci fvev
204. Zvdmxi Beb KvQxi, 7g L, ct 119, m~iv hygvi 73bs AvqvZi evLv `t|
205. Bgvg KziZzex, Avj-Rvg wjAvnKvwgj KziAvb, 14/284 ct, m~iv hygvi 73bs AvqvZi evLv `t|
Contents
91
91
ZvKIqv
hve| Zvì KvQ cvw_e RxebB gyL, ciKvjxb welq wbZvB Mb| G
aibi AvPiY AvjvnfxwZi cwicx|
6. Acii AwaKvi c~Y bv Kiv : mgvR AbK gvbyl AvQ hviv Acii
AwaKvii evcvi D`vmxb| wcZvgvZv, AvZxq-^Rb I Abvbi nKi
cwZ Zviv c Ki bv| Avevi DivwaKvixì ewZ Ki, Zvì ga
Kvb GKRbK Abvqfve AwZwi m` `vb Kivi gZ nxb KvRI Ki
_vK| GgbwK GZ Kvb Kvb mgq wbRi JimRvZ mvbI hyjygi
wkKvi nq| G aibi KvR ZvKIqvi Ljvd|
7. AvgvbZ`vwiZvi Afve : AvgvbZ iv Kiv Cgvbi A| wK Ggb
AbK gvbyl AvQ hvì wbKU Kvb wKQz MwQZ ivLj, Zv h_vh_fve
msiY Ki bv| mì hgb AvgvbZ Ki bv, Zgwb gvbyli
MvcbxqZvI iv Ki bv| A_P mì hgb AvgvbZ f nq,
MvcbxqZv cKvk Ki ÌqvZI Zgwb AvgvbZi LqvbZ nq| G
aibi KgvKv AvgvbZ iv iv Kiv ZvKIqvnxbZvi cwiPvqK|
8. `ni A-cZ wbqY bv Kiv : gvbyli nvZ I gyL viv Ab gvbyl
bvbvfve AZvPvwiZ nq| Avevi gyL viv wg_vPvi Kiv nq| Avi jvvb
viv hbv-ewfPvi msNwUZ nq| GB A-cZ wbqY KiZ cvij gvwUi
gvbyl cwiYZ nq mvbvi gvbyl| ZvKIqvkxjì cB Kej GB Awj
wbqY Kiv me| GB Ai h_Qv eenvi ZvKIqv cwicx KvR|
DjL h, gyL viv wg_vPvii cvkvcvwk AbK Avjvn I ivm~j a-Gi
bvg hvQ ZvB eYbv Ki, hv Zuviv ejbwb| Gme Kgi cwiYwZ AZ
fqven| GUv Kvb Avjvnfxi ewi c me bq|
9. Avjvn I ivm~j a-Gi cwZ wg_vivc : Avjvn I Zuvi ivm~j a hv
ejbwb, Zuvì bvg Zv ejv, Zuvì nvivgKZ eK nvjvj ejv Ges
Zuvì nvjvjKZ eK nvivg mve Kiv Avjvn I ivm~j a-Gi cwZ
wg_vivci kvwgj| GK kYxi Avjg AvQb, hviv wbRì ^v_
KziAvb-nv`xQi AcevLv Kib; Kvb Kvb mgq wbRì gbMov K_vK
ivm~ji K_v ej Pvwjq Ìqvi Pv Kib| GmeB Avjvn I ivm~ji
Dci wg_vivci bvgvi| GmKj KvR hgb ZvKIqv cwicx; Zgwb
ivm~ji nv`xQ Rb cPvi bv Kiv Ges Zvi Dci Avgj bv KivI
ZvKIqvi Ljvd KvR| Gnb RNb KvR _K mevBK mevZfve weiZ
_vKZ ne|
Contents
92
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92
10. wnsmv-wel : wnsmv-wel, Clv I cikxKvZiZv gvbe Pwii `y
Zi bvq| Kvb gvbyli ga GB aibi `vl _vKj m Abi `ytL
Avbw`Z Ges cii myL ew_Z nq| hv gywgbi ewk bq| Gwj Kviv
gvS _vKj m Rxeb kvw jvf KiZ cvi bv| Acii KjvY m
Rj-cyo gi| Kvb Kvb mgq m gvbyli AKjvY wPv Ki| G aibi
KvR AvjvnfxiZvi cwiPvqK bq| ZvKIqvi `vex nQ DwjwLZ welqwj
_K mevZfve weiZ _vKv|
11. AnsKvi I AvZwiZv : AnsKvi I AvZwiZv Ggb welq hvi KviY

gvbyl wbRK eo ej vb Ki I AbK ZzQ I wbK fve| G aibi
gvbyl Abì mv_ wgkZ wav Ki| wbRi kZ eRvq ivLvi Rb m
nq mP I gwiqv| Me I AnsKvi Zvì cv hb gvwU k Ki bv| G
aibi KvR kyay ZvKIqv weivaxB bq; eis gywgbi ewk cwicx|
AvjvnfxwZi `vex nQ wbRK Av`gi mvb wnmve webqx I wbinsKvi
wnmve Mo Zvjv|
2. wkiK-weÀvZ wj _vKv : Avjvn gvbylK wkiK _K mevZfve
weiZ _vKZ Av`k w`qQb| GiciI gvbyl fwi AvwZkh AbKK
Avjvni i cuQ w`q Zuvi mv_ kixK vcb Ki em| gvhvicyRv,
KeicyRvmn nvRviv wkiK wj nq| cxi evevi KvQ ivM-kvK, wecÀvc` _K gyw PvIqv, mvb I m` cv_bv Kiv, ciKvjxb gywi Rb
Amxjv wnmve MnY Kiv RNb wkiK| Gi KviY gvbyli Rxebi mg mr
Avgj web nq hvq| ZIev bv Ki gviv Mj wkiKKvix wPivqx
Rvnvbvgx ne| ZvB GUv ZvKIqv weivax KvR| G _K AekB weiZ
_vKZ ne|
gvbyli Avgj Keyj nIqvi Rb AvewkK c~ekZ njv Zv ivm~ji ZixKvq
mb nZ ne| ivm~ji ZixKvq bv nj Zv ne weÀvZ| GB
weÀvZi KviY gvbyl ciKvj ivm~ji kvdvAvZ _K ewZ ne|
wbw ne Rvnvbvgi AZj Mni| ivm~j a hv KiZ ejQb, Zv bv
Kiv Ges hv KiZ ejbwb Zv Kiv Zuvi mv_ eqvèx I Pig aZvi
kvwgj| G aibi KvR ZvKIqvi cwiPvqK bq|
3. Kzdi I wbdvK wj _vKv : Avjvn I ivm~ji weavbK cZvLvb Kiv
Kzdix| Abyicfve Avjvn I ivm~ji weavbK cvk KvwUq eni ^v_i
`vnvB w`q wfbc_ Aej^b KivI Kzdixi kvwgj| GUv AvjvnfxwZi
Contents
93
93
ZvKIqv
wecixZ KvR| Avevi gyL GK K_v Ges KvR wfbZv _vKv bdvKx ev
KcUZvi cwiPvqK| GUv ZvKIqv weivax KvR| cvi K_v I KvR wgj
_vKv gyvKx gywgbi ewk|
DjwLZ welqjv ZvKIqvnxbZvi KwZcq bgybvgv| GQvov Aviv AbK

welq AvQ hv `L gvbyli Ai AvjvnfxwZ bv _vKvi welqwU cwizU
nq IV| Avjvn Gnb KgKv _K AvgvìK iv Kib|
AvjvnfxiMYi `v
(K) bex gynvv` a-Gi `v :
bex Kixg a wQjb ZvKIqvi g~ZcZxK| gvbe RvwZi ga mevwaK
ZvKIqvi AwaKvix wQjb wZwb| GK nv`xQ wZwb ejb, #;AL#E$p #SK
* #;A#0 * IY Avwg Zvgvì ga mevwaK Avjvnfxi Ges mevcv

gyvKx|206 Ab wZwb Aviv ejb, #;=)(#'0 *IY #;AL#E0 #SK ]#UM Avjvni Kmg! Avwg Zvgvì Pq AvjvnK AwaK fq Kwi Ges
Zuvi wbavwiZ mxgvi AwaK msiK|207

ivm~jyjvn a-Gi c~evci Mvbvn Avjvn gv Ki w`qwQjb| Z_vwc
ivw RM RM Bev`Z KiZb| QvjvZ ùvwoq Avjvni fq `b
KiZb| G mK e nv`xQ ewYZ nqQ| Zba KqKwU wbgic-
@2 ?@#6$p P. #;\/.0 #;\/.0 vK ?# <Z NA #T Lm6 #P6 ()
#P. uU . k /(y #U $ INK 1 ?# <Z kb#JOA 5#" SK # N# #J8
#;A#0 INK ?# ; *O#: #- BW /#, ' B#WJ- ./El . kX#Sv
S0 2 #;=@Y#60
(2) Avqkv inZ ewYZ, wZwb ejb, ivm~jyjvn a Qvnvexì hLb
Kvb KvRi wb`k w`Zb, Zvì mvg_ Abyhvqx wb`k w`Zb| GKevi
Zuviv ejjb, n Avjvni ivm~j a! Avgiv Zv Avcbvi gZ bB| Avjvn
207. Avngv` nv/24707; BiIqvDj Mvjxj nv/2015-Gi AvjvPbv `t; wmjwmjv Qnxnvn
nv/1782-Gi AvjvPbv `t|
Contents
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94
ZvAvjv Avcbvi c~eeZx I cieZx mKj bvn gv Ki w`qQb| G K_v
b wZwb ivM Kijb, GgbwK Zuvi gyLgj ivMi wP dzU DVj|
AZtci wZwb ejjb, Zvgvì Pq AvwgB AvjvnK AwaK fq Kwi I
Avjvn mK ekx Rvwb|208
+ X0 ;Y< *JY6 Yn ?# <Z ?l< *S0 @Y< #20 P#2 /@6 #P6 ()
?# <Z IN0 *#/X#El- @ Y< up H\ +< ?# <Z * ?- ; mh
./El . kX#Sv #P. uU . k /(y #U ?# <Z ?- kv 95#h
* #;AL#E0 *IY #;A#$p #SK .0 ?# <Z * ?(2) Igi Beby Avey mvjgv cnZ ewYZ, GK`v wZwb ivm~jyjvn a-K
wRm Kijb, QvIg cvjbKvix ew Pz^b KiZ cvi wK? ZLb
ivm~jyjvn a ZvK ejjb, K_vwU Dy mvjgvK wRm Ki| wZwb
ejjb, ivm~jyjvn a Gic Kib| Gici wZwb ejjb, n Avjvni
ivm~j a! Avjvn Zv Avcbvi c~evci mgy`q Mvbvn gv Ki w`qQb|
ZLb ivm~jyjvn a ZvK ejjb, kvb, Avjvni Kmg! Avwg AvjvnK
Zvgvì mKji Pq AwaK fq Kwi|209
9 @#" \ *#J(#" X5 K $: %g:Z IN0 O56 wZ Lm6 #P6 ()
?- u# nl-0 5: S0 Dgh 5AZ#U ?# <Z ?- oX Z #P.
5Yz. T#" ?- .u# nl- 5: S0 Dgh 5AZ#U S0 ?# <Z
:#Z$p #SK ?- ./El . kX#Sv #P. uU . k /(y #U ?# <Z
.0 @2 #;=@Y#60 *IY #;AL#E0 N# A0 N0
(3) Avqkv i nZ ewYZ, GK ew drIqv wRm Kivi Rb bex
Kixg a-Gi wbKU Avmj| G mgq wZwb ìRvi wcQb _K K_vjv
bwQjb| jvKwU ejj, n Avjvni ivm~j a! RvbvevZi (Acwe)
Aevq Avgvi dRii mgq nq hvq, GgZvevq Avwg wQqvg cvjb KiZ
cvwi wK? Di ivm~jyjvn a ejjb, RvbvevZi Aevq AvgviI
dRii QvjvZi mgq nq hvq, Avwg Zv wQqvg cvjb Kwi| Gici jvKwU
208. eyLvix nv/20|
209. gymwjg nv/1108 wQqvg Aavq|
Contents
95
95
ZvKIqv
ejj, n Avjvni ivm~j a! Avcwb Zv Avgvì gZ bb| Avjvn
ZvAvjv Avcbvi c~evci mgy`q Mvbvn gv Ki w`qQb| ZLb wZwb
ejjb, Avjvni Kmg! Avwg Avkv Kwi, Zvgvì Pq Avwg AvjvnK
mevwaK fq Kwi Ges Avwg AwaK AeMZ H welq mK hv _K Avgvi
weiZ _vKv AvekK|210
Gme nv`xQ AvjvnfxwZ mK ivm~ji ^xKwZi welqwU cKvk cqQ|
wK Zuvi Avgj _KI Zuvi mevwaK ZvKIqvkxj nIqvi welqwU cgvwYZ
nq| hgb-
# g#:Z /I8( ' u IYn vK ?# <Z NA #T Lm6 #P6 ()
T
/El . kX#Sv #P. uU . k /(y #U H\ 95#h0 ?# <Z Lm6
.`Z# =c Ù#X6 N# A0 g-0 Lm6 ?(1) Avqkv i nZ ewYZ wZwb ejb, ivm~jyjvn a `xNY ùvwoq
ivZi QvjvZ Av`vq KiZb, GgbwK Zuvi `ycv dzj hZ| Avqkv i
ejb, n Avjvni ivm~j a! Avcwb GZ (Bev`Z) Kib? A_P Avjvn
Avcbvi c~evci Mvbvn gvd Ki w`qQb| wZwb ejjb, n Avqkv! Avwg
wK Avjvni KZ ev`v ne bv?211 Ab eYbvq GmQ wZwb ejb, !'0 g-0
`Z# =c Ù#X6 N# A0 N 0 Avwg wK Avjvni KZ ev`v nZ cm` Kie bv?212
(2) Rvmiv webZz `vRvRvn nZ ewYZ, wZwb ejb, Yn !X5 u ?# Zv 20
#/(#W NK 3]X6 #;OS- #;O#2[H, NK) F \]]/ X#n0 ' V2 ;Y< *JY6
a#a, T#S0 kS- #;O A_vr Avwg Avey hvi c-K ejb, GK`v bex
Kixg aQvjvZ ùvwoq fvi nIqv ch GKwU AvqvZ evi evi
ZjvIqvZ KiZ _vKb, T#S0 kS- #;O #/(#W N K 3]X6 #;OS- #;O#2[H, NK
;#J=M aa, Avcwb hw` Zvì kvw `b, Ze Zviv Zv AvcbviB ev`v|
Avi Avcwb hw` gv Kib, Ze Avcwb civgkvjx cvgq (gvq`v
213
5/118)|
210. gymwjg nv/1110 wQqvg Aavq; Avey `vD` nv/2391|
211. eyLvix nv/4836; gymwjg nv/2820 AwaK Avgj Kiv AbyQ`|
213. Beby gvRvn nv/1350; bvmvC nv/1018; wgkKvZ nv/1205|
Contents
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96
(3) QvweZ gyZviid nZ Ges wZwb ^xq wcZv nZ eYbv Kib| wZwb
ejb, ivm~jyjvn a-K QvjvZiZ Aevq `LwQ| Kvbvi KviY Zuvi
eyKi ga _K huvZv clvi AvIqvRi gZ AvIqvR ei nZv|214
(L) Qvnvevq Kivgi `v :

Qvnvevq Kivg wQjb Anx bvwhji mgmvgwqK| m mgqi AbK NUbv I
cvcU cZ`kx| Zuviv ivm~j a-Gi wbKU _K cZfve xb
wkLQb| xbi wewfb welq Zuviv bex Kixg a-Gi KvQ _K mivmwi
RbQb| RvbvZ-Rvnvbvg, nvki-bvki, Kei-wKqvgZ cfwZi weeiY
AewnZ nqQb| ZvB Zuviv wQjb AZzjbxq Avjvnfxi| Zuvì ZvKIqvi
`v BwZnvm nq AvQ| GLvb `yGKRbi `v DjL Kiv njv|(1) Avqkv i nZ ewYZ wZwb ejb, Ave~ eKi wQxK c-Gi
GKRb Mvjvg wQj| wZwb Zvi Rb ivR^ wbaviY KiwQjb| wZwb Zvi
ivR^ nZ LZb| GKw`b m wKQy m` wbq Avm Ges wZwb mLvb
nZ wKQy Lvb| ZLb Mvjvg ZuvK ejj, Avcwb G Lv` mK wK Rvbb?
wZwb ejjb, G Kgb Lv`? Mvjvg ejj, Avwg Rvnjx hyM MYKx
KiZvg| Avwg gvbylK auvKv w`Zvg| H mgqi GK jvKi mv_ `Lv
nj m AvgvK G Lv` c`vb Ki| Avqkv i ejb, ZLb Avey eKi
wQxK cgyLi wfZi nvZ XzwKq egb Ki me ei Ki w`jb|215
(2) Dyj gywgbxb Avqkv i nZ ewYZ, ivm~jyjvn a Zuvi AmyLi
mgq ejjb, Zvgiv Avey eKiK ej jvKì wbq wZwb hb QvjvZ
Av`vq Kib| Avqkv ejb, Avwg ejjvg, Avey eKi hw` Avcbvi RvqMvq
ùvovb Zvnj Kvbvi KviY gvbylK Zuvi AvIqvR kvbvZ cvieb bv|
KvRB Avcwb Igi c-K Av`k Kib, wZwb hb jvKì wbq
QvjvZ Av`vq Kib| wZwb Avevi ejjb, Zvgiv Avey eKiK ej,
jvKì wbq wZwb hb QvjvZ Av`vq Kib| Avqkv i ejb, Avwg
nvdQvK ejjvg, Zzwg ej h, Avey eKi Avcbvi RvqMvq ùvovj Kvbvi
KviY gvbylK Zvi AvIqvR kvbvZ cvieb bv| KvRB Avcwb Igi
c-K Av`k Kib, wZwb hb jvKì wbq QvjvZ Av`vq Kib|
nvdQvn i ZvB Kijb| ZLb ivm~jyjvn a ejjb, ZvgivZv
BDmyd b-Gi gwnjvì gZ (hviv ZuvK wev KiZ PqwQj)| Avey
214. Avey `vD` nv/904; wgkKvZ nv/1000; Qnxn AvZ-ZviMxe nv/544|
Contents
97
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ZvKIqv
eKiK ej jvKì wbq wZwb hb QvjvZ Av`vq Kib| ZLb nvdQvn
AvqkvK ejjb, Avwg Avcbvi wbKU nZ KLbvB KjvY cvBwb|216
(3) Ave~ eyi`vn Beby Ave~ g~mv AvkAvix c nZ ewYZ, wZwb ejb,
Avyjvn Beby Igi cAvgvK ejjb, Zzwg wK Rvb Avgvi wcZv Zvgvi
wcZvK wK ejwQjb? Avwg ejjvg, bv| wZwb ejjb, Avgvi wcZv Zvgvi
wcZvK ejwQjb, n Ave~ g~mv! Zzwg wK GZ m h, Avgiv ivm~jyjvn
a-Gi nvZ Bmjvg MnY KiwQ, Zuvi m wnRiZ KiwQ, Zuvi m
wRnv` KiwQ Ges Zuvi Rxekvq Kiv Avgvì cwZwU Avgj hv KiwQ, Zv
Avgvì Rb mwZ _vKzK| Zuvi gZzi ci, Avgiv hme Avgj KiwQ, Zv
Avgvì Rb mgvb mgvb nvK| ZLb Zvgvi wcZv Avey g~mvc
ejjb, bv| Kbbv Avjvni Kmg! Avgiv ivm~jyjvn a-Gi ci wRnv`
KiwQ, QvjvZ Av`vq KiwQ, wQqvg cvjb KiwQ Ges e bK Avgj
KiwQ| Avgvì nvZ AbK gvbyl Bmjvg MnY KiQ| Avgiv Gme
KvRi QIqvei Avkv ivwL| ZLb Avgvi wcZv (Igic) ejjb, wK
H mvi Kmg, huvi nvZ Igii cvY! Avwg GZB m h, (c~ei Avgj)
Avgvì Rb mwZ _vKzK Avi Zuvi gZzi ci Avgiv hme Avgj KiwQ
Zv nZ hb Avgiv invB cvB mgvb mgvbfve| ZLb Avwg ejjvg,
Avjvni Kmg! wbqB Zvgvi wcZv Avgvi wcZv nZ Dg|217
(4) nvbhvjv Beby ievB Avj-DmvB`x (ivt) nZ ewYZ, wZwb ejb, GKw`b
Avwg Kuv`Z Kuv`Z ivm~j a-Gi ìevi AwfgyL hvwQjvg| cw_ga
Avgvi mv_ AveyeKi c-Gi mvvr nj| wZwb ejjb, wK nqQ
nvbhvjv? Avwg ejjvg, nvbhvjv gybvwdK nq MQ| wZwb ejjb,
myenvbvjvn&! ej wK nvbhvjv? Avwg ejjvg, Avgiv hLb ivm~jyjvn a-Gi
wbKU _vwK, wZwb Avgvì RvbvZ I Rvnvbvg iY Kwiq `b, ZLb hb
mjv Avgiv ^P `LZ cvB| wK Avgiv hLb ivm~j a-Gi wbKU
_K ei nq Avwm Ges x-mvb I Z-Lvgvi e nq cwo, mmei
AbK wKQzB fyj hvB| ZLb AveyeKi cejjb, Avjvn&i Kmg! AvgivI
Gic Aevi myLxb nB| AZtci Avwg I AveyeKi ivm~jyjvn a-Gi
wbKU Mjvg| ivm~j a AvgvK `L ejjb, Zvgvi wK nqQ nvbhvjv!
Avwg ejjvg, n Avjvni ivm~j! nvbhvjv gybvwdK nq MQ| ZLb ivm~jyjvn
Contents
98
ZvKIqv
98
a ejjb, G Kgb K_v? Avwg ejjvg, n Avjvn&i ivm~j! hLb Avgiv
Avcbvi wbKU _vwK Ges Avcwb AvgvìK RvbvZ I Rvnvbvgi K_v iY
Kwiq `b, ZLb hb Avgiv Zv ^P `LZ cvB| wK hLb Avgiv
Avcbvi wbKU _K ei nq Avwm Ges x-mvb I Z-Lvgvi e nq
cwo, ZLb mmei AbK wKQzB fyj hvB| ivm~j a ejjb, huvi nvZ
Avgvi Rxeb Zuvi Kmg, hw` Zvgiv me`v Hic _vKZ, hic Avgvi wbKU
_vK Ges me`v whwKi-AvhKvi Wye _vKZ, wbqB dikZvMY Zvgvì
weQvbv I ivvq Zvgvì mv_ gyQvdvnv KiZb| wK KLbI Hic, KLbI
Gic neB n nvbhvjv! GUv wZwb wZbevi ejjb| 218
(5) Bgvg Avngv` Beby nv^j (int) eYbv Kib, RbK ew Avyjvn Beby
gvmE` c-K ejj, Avwg wKqvgZi w`b Wvbw`Ki jvKì Afy
nZ PvB bv| eis Avwg bKU jvfKvix c~em~ixì Afy nZ PvB| ZLb
Avyjvn Beby gvmE` c wbRi mK wKQz DjL Ki ejjb, Ze
mLvb GKRb jvK AvQ, m Avkv cvlY Ki h, gZzi ci hw` ZvK
DwZ Kiv bv nZv! A_vr wZwb wbRK eywSqQb| Avjvn ZvAvjv I
KwVb fxwZKi mB w`bi fq|219
(6) Beby Avevm c-K Avjvnfxiì mK wRm Kiv nj wZwb
ejjb, Zvì Ai Avjvni fq Z nq, PvL `b Ki| Zviv ejb,
Avgiv wKfve Avbw`Z nZ cvwi A_P gZz Avgvì wcQb, Kei
Avgvì myL, wKqvgZ Avgvì wVKvbv, Rvnvbvgi Dci Avgvì ivv
(cyjwQivZ) Ges Avjvni myL Avgvì Aevbj|
(7) Avey g~mv AvkAvix c GKevi eQivq RbmyL ee w`jb|
wZwb fvlY Rvnvbvgi K_v DjL Ki Kuv`Z jvMjb GgbwK Zuvi Ak
Mwoq wgîi Dci coZ jvMj| gvbylivI mw`b AZwaK Ku`wQj|
(8) (K) Beby Igi cGK`v m~iv gyZvdwddxb coZ i Kijb|
hLb wZwb G AvqvZ cuQjb, P#J@, o/ ^5 u# u# hw`b ùvove
mg gvbyl RMZmg~ni cwZcvjKi myL (gyZvdwddxb 83/6) ZLb
Kuv`Z i Kijb| GgbwK wZwb co Mjb Ges Gi ci Avi coZ
cvijb bv|220
219. Avngv` Beby nv^j Avk-kvqevbx, Avh-hyn`, 1/159; Bebyj KvBqg, Avj-dvIqvq`, 1/155|
220. Avyjvn Beby Beivnxg Avj-jvnx`vb, Avj-eyKvD Bb`v wKivAvwZj KziAvb, 1/7|
Contents
99
99
ZvKIqv
(L) bvd cnZ ewYZ wZwb ejb, hLb Beby Igi G AvqvZ coZb,
# S# = eM P. ?aS . /AH #;O2# Y 9L#d N0 # 5.Q P#HIY Nl #;0
#;O2# Y #T"- U.$p #;O#JY6 ?8- +#X #P. o= #0 P#HIA
hviv Cgvb Avb Zvì `q fw-weMwjZ nevi mgq wK Avmwb, Avjvni
iY Ges h mZ AeZxY nqQ ZvZ? Avi c~e hvìK wKZve Ìqv
nqwQj Zvì gZ hb Zviv bv nq- eKvj AwZv nq Mj hvì A
i KwVb nq cowQj (nv`x` 57/16) ZLb wZwb Kuv`Z i KiZb, GgbwK
evKzj nq coZb|221
(9) Zvgxg Av`-`vix cGK ivZ m~iv RvwQqv ZjvIqvZ KiZ i
Kijb| hLb wZwb G AvqvZ cuQjb, 7bJ" '/#: P#HI "' #u0
. $< #;O@. #;\J#M. < 7Mh Y@6 5.Q P#HIA #;OY,#_S N0
N# @=#M `yKwZKvixiv wK gb Ki h, Avgiv Rxeb I gZzi w`K w`q
ZvìK Zvì mgvb MY Kie, hviv Cgvb Avb I mrKg Ki? Zvì
wmv KZ g`? (RvwQqv 45/21) ZLb wZwb G AvqvZ cybivew KiZ
jvMjb Ges Kuv`Z jvMjb| GgbwK mKvj nq Mj|222
(10) hvqdv cAZwaK Kuv`Zb| ZvK ejv njv, Avcbvi Kuv`vi
KviY wK? wZwb ejjb, Avwg Rvwb bv h, Avwg wK ciY KiwQ| Avwg
Avjvni mvli Dci AvwQ bv-wK vai ga AvwQ?
(M) ZveCb Ghvgi `v :

(1) ZveC mvC` Beby Ryevqi GKevi c~Y ivw GKwU AvqvZ evi evi
ZjvIqvZ Ki KvUvjb Ges Kuv`jb| wZwb AZwaK Bev`Zhvi gvbyl
wQjb| wZwb G AvqvZ ZjvIqvZ Ki c~Y ivw AwZevwnZ Kib, ~#.
N# ./#_@ O!0 u# J Avi n AcivaxMY! Zvgiv AvR c_K nq hvI
(Bqvmxb 36/59)|
(2) (K) GK`v Igi Beby Avyj Avhxh (int) m~iv Zi ZjvIqvZ
KiwQjb| wZwb hLb G AvqvZ cuQjb, 9 k2Z oH6 INK Zvgvi
221. Zè|
222. kvqL bvexj Avj-AvIhx, LyZve Iqv gynvhivZ, 44/2|
Contents
100
ZvKIqv
100
cwZcvjKi kvwZv Aekvex (Zi 52/7) ZLb ASvi Kuv`Z jvMjb|
GgbwK wZwb Amy nq KqKw`b weQvbvq khvkqx _vKjb|223
(L) Aci GKwU eYbvq AvQ, GK`v wZwb G AvqvZ #;O5#60 #- ?gyl vK
N#/_#" Z5 - ; ;#J@M - 1N# XM#" +<g" hLb Zvì Mj`k
ewo I ksLj _vKe, ZvìK Ub wbq hvIqv ne, dzU cvwbZ,
AZtci ZvìK ` Kiv ne AwMZ (Mvwdi/gywgb 40/71-72) evi evi
ZjvIqvZ KiZ KiZ mKvj Ki djjb Ges mviv ivZ Kuv`jb|224
(M) Beby Avex whe ejb, Igi Beby Avyj Avhxhi mvvr jvfKvix RbK
ew AvgvK ejb h, wZwb g`xbvi Mfbi _vKvKvjxb GK jvK Zvi
wbKU G AvqvZ ZjvIqvZ Kij, # 6] P#JS/. %Jw `S=. O#5. # 0 vK
`Z# X k5\ Avi hLb ZvìK kLwjZ Aevq Zvi Kvb msKxY vb
wbc Kiv ne, ZLb Zviv mLvb asm Kvgbv Kie (dziKvb 25/13)|
Gmgq Igi ASvi Kuv`Z i Kijb, GgbwK Zvi Kvco wfR Mj|
wZwb Zuvi Avmb _K DV Mjb Ges Mn cek Kijb I RbMY _K
wewQb _vKjb|225
(3) mywdqvb (int) ejb, mvC` Beby mvqe AvZ-Zvqdxi Ak hb
KvZv bv| mvivY hb Zvi Ak cevwnZ nZ _vKZ| QvjvZ
Av`vqKvj, evqZzjvni ZIqvdi mgq Ges KziAvb ZjvIqvZi mgqI
Kuv`Zb| ivvq Zvi mv_ mvvr njI Avwg ZvK Kuv`Z `LZvg|226
(4) nvdQ Beby Igi ejb, nvmvb eQix Kuv`jb| ZvK ejv njv, Kvb
wRwbm AvcbvK Kuv`vj? wZwb ejjb, Avwg AvksKv KiwQ h, AvgvK
Rvnvbvg wbc Kiv ne; A_P Avgvi Kvb Dcvq _vKe bv|227
(5) gynvv` Beby Bqvhx` Beb LybvBm ejb, GK jvK Avyj Avhxh Beby
Avex ivIqv`K wRm Kij, Zzwg wKfve mKvj Kij? ZLb wZwb Kuv`Z
223. Avj-eyKvD Bb`v wKivAvwZj KziAvb, 1/10|
224. Zè|
225. Zè|
226. gvIm~Avj LyZvwej gybxi, 1/1876; Beby nvRvi AvmKvjvbx, ZvnhxeyZ Zvnhxe, 4/32,
14/94; kvgmyxb Avh-hvnvex, 15/459|
227. dvixK Avgj, `vIqvZ Avjv gvbnvwRb beyIqvZ, 2/52; gynvv` Lvjd mvjvgvn, gvIwi`yj
Avheyj gyCb wgb AvQvwi AvjvwgZ ZveCb, 1/46|
Contents
101
101
ZvKIqv
jvMjb Ges ejjb, gZz _K mxgvnxb D`vmxb _K wecyj Mvbvn wbq
mKvj KiwQ, hv AvgvK cwieb Ki AvQ| A_P cwZw`b Avgvi
wbavwiZ Avqy _K mgq dzwiq hvQ| Avi Avwg Rvwb bv Avgvi Mej
Kv_vq ne? AZtci wZwb Kuv`jb|
(N) mrKgkxj gwnjvì `v :

(1) Kvmg Beby gynvv` Beb Avex eKi nZ ewYZ, wZwb ejb, Avwg
cZn mKvj Avqkv i-Gi evwoZ hZvg Ges ZuvK mvjvg w`Zvg|
GK`v mKvj Zuvi wbKU wMq `Ljvg wZwb QvjvZ ùvwoq G AvqvZ
ZjvIqvZ KiQb, u# @" oH6 S 5#JY6 P@- AZtci Avgvì
cwZ Avjvn AbyMn KiQb Ges AvgvìK AwMkvw nZ iv KiQb
(Zi 52/27) Ges `vAv KiQb, Kuv`Qb Ges AvqvZwU cybivew KiQb|
ZLb Avwg ùvwoq _vKjvg, GgbwK ùvwoq _vKZ K eva Kijvg|
AZtci Avgvi Kvb cqvRb Avwg evRvi Mjvg| Avwg wdi GmI
`Ljvg wZwb ùvwoq AvQb, hfve QvjvZ Av`vq KiwQjb Ges
Kuv`Qb| Gic GKwU eYbv DiIqv Beby Ryevqi _KI iqQ|228
cwiwk
G QvU M ZvKIqvi cwiPq, cKvi, Kzg, i, iZ I dhxjZ cfwZ

welq AvjvwPZ nqQ| mB mv_ ZvKIqv ARbi Dcvq I gyvKxi
ewk mwevi Dcvcb Kiv nqQ| eBwU Aaqb cvVKe` ZvKIqvkxj
nZ cvie BbkvAvjvn| dj cvw_e Rxebi PvKwPK I gvngvqvq Rwoq
ciKvjK weZ ne bv; eis ciKvjxb Rxeb cwivYi Rb h_vmva
cwZ MnY Kie| GZ Zvi c~eKZ Mvbvnmg~n wgwUq `qv ne Ges m
Avjvni Bev`Z-e`Mx I AvbyMZi DciB AUj _vKe| dj ZvK
gZzi mgq Avdmvm KiZ ne bv| hgb Avjvn ejb, #;\5#,. NK T#0/-0
N# ,@ # SA . #;O#56 5y0 . 1N#U6# # SA . #;\$: ; 1PJ#5< Zzwg
fe `L hw` Avgiv ZvìK `xNKvj fvM-wejvm KiZ `B| Avi ci
ZvìK h welq mZK Kiv nqwQj Zv Zvì wbKU Gm co, ZLb
Zvì fvM-wejvmi DcKiY I bAvgZ Kvb KvR Avme wK? (Aviv
228. Avj-eyKvD Bb`v wKivAvwZj KziAvb, 1/7; W. ZjvAvZ gynvv` Avdxdx mvjg, nvqvZzQ
QvnvweqvZ, 1/20, 32|
Contents
102
ZvKIqv
102
205-207)| myZivs Kvb gvbyli gZz Gm Mj cvw_e Rxebi fvM-
wejvmi DcKiY I bAvgZ Kvb KvR Avme bv| G gg Aveyj

AvZvwnqvn Avi-ikx` wbgv KweZv Avew Kib-
Z h \c + C * %>< k U2 . #j6

Z =X 0 /
U * T#JOc @2 kJY6 ,#"
ZUh :/L' + C * #T,, ^ (5 vZ/y - IK T#5A . * %5 . ;Y, 35OA_vr myDP cvmvì wbweo Qvqvq hZw`b BQv wbivc` emevm Ki|
mLvb Zvgvi KvwLZ wRwbm mKvj-mvq Zvgvi wbKU Aejxjvq Pj
Avm| wK giYvcb Aevq AvZv hLb ayKayK Kie, ZLbB Zzwg
wbwZfve RvbZ cvie h, Zzwg Kej auvKvi gaB wQj|229
g~jZ `ywbqv cvivcvii vbi bvq, GUv vqx wbevm bq; GUv cvbi
RvqMv, wPiw`b Aevbi RvqMv bq| Avi mfvMevb mB ew, h
Abi viv Dc`k MnY Ki Ges `ywbqvi mgqK ciKvji cv_q
msMni myhvM wnmve MnY Ki|
nvmvb eQix ejb, gywgbi Mn KZB bv Dg! Kbbv m ZvZ ^ KvR
Ki Ges RvbvZi Rb cv_q mq Ki| Kvwdi I gybvwdKi Rb
`ywbqvi Mn KZB bv wbK! Kbbv GLvb m wèv-ivw eq Ki Ges
mLvb _K Rvnvbvgi Rb im` msMn Ki| cZK gvbyli Dg I
Ag~j Rxeb mUvB, hvZ m Awebki Rxebi Rb (mr Avgji gvag
bKxi) fvvi Lwi` Ki A bKxZ Zz bv nq|230 hgb Kwe ejb,
+ .p ? f /y * +Wc JSU2 P.

>
+@, }#U#5n * %W2 l 7
A_vr n `ywbqv wbq ewZ-e ew! AwaK Avkv-AvKvv hvK cewZ
KiQ| gZz nVvr KiB (Zvi wbKU) Avme Avi Kei nQ Avgji
Avavi|231
229. Aveyj AvZvwnqvn, Av`-`xIqvb 1/52; evnvDxb gynvv` Beby mvBb Avj-Avgjx,
KvkKj (eiZ : `vij KzZzwej Bjwgqvn, 1418wnt/1998Lxt), 1/9 ct|
231. Avngv` Beby gynvv` Avj-gyKix AvZ-wZjgvmvbx, bvdZ Zxe (eiZ : `vi Qvwì,
1968), 6/144|
Contents
103
103
ZvKIqv
ciKvjxb bvRvZ, mdjZv I Kvwgqvex nvwQji Rb GKUv mgq I myhvM
iqQ| mUv nQ c~eKZ Aciva, cvc I AevaZv iY Ki ZIevi
gvag Zv _K wdi Avmv Ges wbR mskvwaZ nIqv| mr Avgji
gvag eZgvb Ges fwelZI AUj _vKvi `p cZq MnY Kiv; Avjvni
AvbyMZ AwePj _vKvi LvjQ wbqZ Kiv| mB mv_ ZvKIqvi cv_q
msMn Kiv| gnvb Avjvn ejb,
# Sa#M # -d I0 =mg@ ;O#JY6 ?a5 # .#< ; 5!2Z # P#HI INK
D/E - J#S!U DJM - #;AJ#0 P#MS 1N#U6 #;#5A #I 5_2 #/L#20
V;#J'Z VZ# (y #P. %aS 1N# 6U . O#J- #;= #;="(#S0 #O#L . O#J- #;=
hviv ej, Avgvì cwZcvjK Avjvn, AZtci AwePwjZ _vK, Zvì
wbKU dikZv AeZxY nq Ges ej, Zvgiv fxZ nqv bv, wPwZ nqv bv
Ges ZvgvìK h RvbvZi cwZkwZ Ìqv nqwQj Zvi Rb Avbw`Z
nI| AvgivB Zvgvì ez `ywbqvi Rxeb I AvwLivZ| mLvb Zvgvì
Rb iqQ hv wKQz Zvgvì gb Pvq Ges mLvb Zvgvì Rb iqQ hv
Zvgiv `vex Kie| GUv gvkxj cig `qvjy Avjvni c _K Avcvqb
(dzwQjvZ/nv-gxg mvR`v 41/30-32)| ivm~j a ejb, #;#<- 2 T#5.Q +
ej, Avwg Avjvni Dci Cgvb GbwQ| AZtci Zvi Dci AwePj
_vK|232 GUvB `ywbqv I AvwLivZi KjvY jvfi Rb AvewkK welq|
Bebyj Kvqg (int) ejb, gnvb Avjvni mvwba K-Kk, kvw-Kvwnxb
kvwi Avjq ceki Rb AMmi nI, wbKUZi I mnR ivvq| Avi mUv
GB h, Zzwg `ywU Kvji gaj we`gvb| GUv Zvgvi RxebKvj| GB
RxebKvjB Zvgvi AZxZ I fwelZi gaeZx mgq| myZivs hv Pj MQ
AbyZvc, jv Ges ZIev-BMdvii gvag Zv mskvab Ki bvI| GUv
Ggb GKUv welq hvZ Kvb K bB, kvw bB| GB `q viv mb
Avgj Kvw Avm bv| KviY GUv GKvB Aii KvR| Zzwg fwelZ cvc
_K weiZ _vKe| Avi weiZ _vKvi A_ nQ AvivgwcqZv I wejvwmZv
ZvM Kiv| GUv A-cZi KvR bq h, GZ Zzwg K wbcwZZ ne|
GUv nQ `p cwZv I LvjQ wbqZ| hv viv Zvgvi `n I gb ckvw
jvf Kie| AZxZ Kgi Rb ZIevi gvag cwi nI Ges fwelZi
232. gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/15; Qnxj Rvg nv/4395|
Contents
104
ZvKIqv
104
Rb cvc _K weiZ _vK I Mvbvn bv Ki my`p cwZvi gvag
mskvwaZ nI| G `ywU KvR `ni A-cZi Kvb K-Kk bB| eis
GZ Zvgvi Rxebi ghv`v AvQ| GUvB Zvgvi cKZ mgq| GUv hw` Zzwg
b Ki, Zvnj Zvgvi mfvMK I gywi c_K web Kij| Avi
c~evci `ywU mgqKvj (AZxZ I fwelZ) mskvabi gvag Zv ndvhZ
Ki; Zvnj cwivY cve Ges kvw I vqx Rxebi AwaKvix ne|233
cwikl ejv hvq, ZvKIqv ARbi Rb Avgvì mevBK mP nZ

ne| Kbbv ZvKIqv eZxZ Rvnvbvg _K gyw I RvbvZ jvf Kiv me
bq| ZvQvov cvw_e Rxeb gvbyl hv ARb Ki, Zba ZvKIqv ev
AvjvnfxwZ nQ mevg| KviY GUvB KjvY I mdjZv jvfi Dcvq Ges
BnKvj I ciKvj mfvM ARbi gvag| Kwe Aveyvi`v ejb,
]Z0 . IK 2l * 5. 8#, N0 #/@ U#/

](#< . +B-0
* #. #Um- #/@ ?#
A_vr gvbyl Avkv Ki h, Zvi AvKvv c~Y nvK| wK Avjvn hv BQv
Kib ZvB nq| gvbyl ej, Avgvi DcKvi, Avgvi m`| A_P ZvKIqv ev
AvjvnfxwZB nQ DcKZ nIqvi mevg welq|234
AZGe Avjvn Avgvì mevBK BnKvj I ciKvji Rb mevg cv_q
ZvKIqv ARb Kivi ZvIdxK `vb Kib-Avgxb!
k#JK o# 0 3/(#W#<0 T#S0 IK *K F N0 UO#c0 3U#@M2 ;OIY kSM#X<
233. Avj-dvIqvq`, ct 151-152|

234. Bgvg kvdC, `xIqvb 1/9 ct|

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Contents

W. gynvv` Kvexij Bmjvg

kvgjevsjv GKvWgx, ivRkvnx

 nZ Bmg (wekl)| Gi gvQ`vi ev wqvg~j nQ

 (Avj-BKvD)| ZvKIqvi AvwfavwbK A_ euvPv, ndvhZ Kiv, iv

7/=5> ZvKIqv Ggb GKwU evcKv_K wekl hv (Avjvni) AvbyMZ

Kg mv`b I Acm`bxq welq cwinvi KivK eySvq|3

4. Avey mvE` (int) ejb, D/EF C /B @6   ?@A

AvjvnK fq Ki; cZKB fe `LyK AvMvgxKvji Rb m Kx AwMg

*"(S Avi Avjvn Zuvi wbRi m^ Zvgv`iK mveavb KiQb (Avj

wZwbB fqi hvM Ges wZwbB gv Kivi AwaKvix (gyvQwQi 74/56)|

  K *#J- Zvgiv mB w`bK fq Ki, h w`b Zvgiv Avjvni w`K

4. Zvdmxi Avex mE`, 1/27 ct|

cZvbxZ ne (evKvivn 2/281)| wZwb Aviv ejb, #Ga#_  `.#  # 

%b#Jc VR(S #P6 R

KvR Avme bv (evKvivn 2/48)|

`/#J8#". Zviv KZe cvjb Ki Ges m w`bi fq Ki h w`bi wecw

ne evcK (Bbmvb/`vni 76/7)|

h_v_fve fq Ki Ges Zvgiv AvZmgcYKvix (gymwjg) bv nq Kvb

AvbyMZ Ki| Beby gvmD` cI gyRvwn` G AvqvZi evLvq ejb, \

/(= g- /=L N0 "5 g- /AH N0 h, g- i8 N0 GUv nQ

 = Zvgvì c~e hvìK wKZve Ìqv

1U6    P6 tW< P.    P. uv 19w . xy C r A_vr

{#Zl @" P. V7A/2 #;O#JY6 hw` mB mKj Rbc`i Awaevmxe`

xE |K xE O- kv U,2  }~Z @- 1  {/- A_vr ZvKIqv nQ

wbqB wki&K eo AZvPvi (jyKgvb 31/13)| ivm~j a ejb, #;=bXS0 0

ivm~j a Zuvi mybvZ I Lyjvdvq ivk`xbi mybvZ AuvKo aiZ ejQb

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