11/29/2014

APICfrequencycounterprojectwritteninCusingTMR1andanLCD.

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APICfrequencycounteroperating
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ThisPICfrequencycounter
projectusesanLCDtodisplay
thefrequencyandPICtimer1
tomeasuretheinputsignal
andTimer0tomeasurethe
timingperiod.
ItusesTimer1in16bit
countermodetocountthe
inputsignaledgesand
overflowsofthecounterare
accumulatedtogivethetotal
countinmultiplesof
65536.Addingthecurrent
valueofthecounterattheend
givesthetotalcount.

Thecrystaloscillatorischosentobe4MHz(Fosc)sothattheprocessor
internalclockis1MHz(Fosc/4).Allyoudoiscount1e6processorclocks
(Timer0)togivea1secondcountperiod.
Sincethemeasurementtimeis1secondthefinalcountisactuallythe
frequencyoftheinputsignal.

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Usingthe1secondmeasurementtimealsogivesafrequencyresolution
of1Hz.
Specification
Minfrequency

Maxfrequency

1Hz
~50MHz(limitedbyinputpin
characteristics).

http://www.bestmicrocontrollerprojects.com/picfrequencycounter.html

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11/29/2014

APICfrequencycounterprojectwritteninCusingTMR1andanLCD.
(TestedusingTTLoscillatorat20MHz).
Inputsignallevel

TTL

Note:TheexactmaximumoperatingfrequencyisdeterminedbythePIC
inputpincharacteristic.
Compiler

MikroelectronikaMikroCCompilerFree!

Target

16F877A(retargetabletootherPICsthathave
TMR1)

Softwarelevel

Advanced.

Softwarenotes

InterruptDrivencountingandtimemeasurement.

Hardwarelevel

Easy.

Hardwarenotes

None

Projectversion

1.03
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Forthegeneraltheoryofoperationofthiscircuitandnotesonfrequency
countingofthispicfrequencycounterclickhere.
PICfrequencycounterschematicusingLCDandTMR0andTMR1.
(Clickdiagramtoopenapdf.)

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andfullydebuggedCSource
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PicfrequencycounterHardware
Thehardwareissimpleandthemainblocksareshowninthediagram
below.

http://www.bestmicrocontrollerprojects.com/picfrequencycounter.html

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11/29/2014

APICfrequencycounterprojectwritteninCusingTMR1andanLCD.

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TheLCDisusedin4bitmodeinterfacesoyouonlyneed4datalinesand
threecontrollinesanditthenfitsintoasingle8bitport.
Thecrystaloscillatorissimplyacrystalandtwocapacitorsconnectedtothe
PICoscillatorportatOSC1andOSC2.Thecapacitorscanbothbefixedat
thesamevalueunlessyouwanttotuneitusingafrequencyreference.If
youdon'thaveanaccuratereferencethenusefixedcapacitors.
ThePICmicrocanbeanytypethathasTimer0andTimer1hardware
modulesandandhasenoughmemorytoholdtheprogram~1.6kwords.
TheLEDistoggledtoindicatethattheprocessorisalivesoifthereisno
inputsignalyoucantellthatthesoftwareisworking.Alsoifthereisno
inputsignalthetheLCDdisplaysaflashingzero.
YoucanprogramthePICincircuitthroughtheICSPconnectorincircuit.

Description
Totimea1secondcountTimer0isused.Sincethemainclockisrunningat
4MHzthentheprocessorclock(Fosc/4)is1MHzwhichistheratethat
Timer0issetuptousei.e.theinternalclock.Thereforeweneedtogeta1
secondcountusingthattimer.Sincethetimerisonly8bitslongyoucan
usethefactthataninterruptisgeneratedwhenitoverflowsyoucanthen
counttheseoverflowstogetnearto1e6counts.
Sincetheoverflowoccurseverytimethatthecounterpasses256weneed
tocount1e6/256overflows
1e6/256=3906.25
Wecanonlycountintegeroverflowssomustmanipulatethelastcountto
gettheexacttime.Soweneedthemodulusof1e6and256:
1e6%256is64(0.25*256is64).
Theinterruptroutinestartsoffafterbeingzeroedbycounting3906
overflows,itthencontrolsaflagvariable(do_TMR0_end_count)that
indicatesthisisthelastoverflowforwhichtheTimer0valueissetto
overflowafter64Fosc/4cycles:
TMR0=25664+2//2cycleslostwhenwritingtoTMR0soadd2.
AttheendofthelastoverflowthevaluesofTimer1arecapturedto:
st_TMR1L
st_TMR1H

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st_TMR1_ovfl
AnLCDupdaterequestissentfromtheinterruptroutinetothemainroutine
bysettingaflag(update_LCD)andthemainroutinethenusesltoato
calculateandoutputthefrequencymeasurementtothendisplayonLCD.

PICfrequencycounterSoftware
ProjectfilesforthePICfrequencycounter

"Awesomesite,
very,veryeasyandnice
tonavigate!"
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Compilerprojectfiles
frequency_counter_4MHz_LCD_TMR1.mcppi
Thisisthemainprojectfile.

http://www.bestmicrocontrollerprojects.com/picfrequencycounter.html

"IamanewbietoPIC
andIwantedtosay
howgreatyour

3/5

11/29/2014

APICfrequencycounterprojectwritteninCusingTMR1andanLCD.
ThereareotherfilessinceMikroCversion6.0.4seemstoneedalotmore
thanV5!justkeeptheminyourprojectfolder.

sitehasbeenforme."
Dave

CSourcefiles.
Frequency_counter_4MHz_LCD_TMR1.c
ltoa.c

de_scott<at>bellsouth.net

Headerfiles.
bit.h
ltoa.h

LearnMicrocontrollers

Outputfiles
Frequency_counter_4MHz_LCD_TMR1.hex
Foratutorialoncompilingthesefilesclickhere.
Youonlyneedtorecompilethepicfrequencycounterfilesifyouwantto
changethesourcecodeorexaminehowthecodeworksusingthebuiltin
simulatorsincethehexfiletoprogramthechipisincludedinthedownload.

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Briefdescription
frequency_counter...c:containsthecodestartpoint(inroutine
'main')andtheinterruptroutine.
ltoa.ccontainsalongtoasciiconverterusedfordisplayofthe
frequencycount.
bit.h:containsmacrosforbitmanipulation.
Allotherheaderfilescontainprototypes.

PICfrequencycountercodeoperation.
ThecodeusesthebuiltinLCDdriverroutineswhichareautomatically
includedbythecompiler.Noteautomaticincludeisunusualbutitseemsto
workwellinmikroC.
Interruptsarenotusedonlytheflagsthatcanbepolled(timeroverflow)
areactivated.
frequency_counter_4MHz_LCD_TMR1.c
Thisfilecontainstheportinitialization,interruptandmainroutine.
Afterinitializationthecodeentersanendlessloopwhereitcontinuously
performsameasurementanddisplayoperation.Afteranaccurate1second
delaythecounterresultisprocessedanddisplayedontheLCD.

"Yoursiteisagreat
andperfectwork.
congratulations."
Suresh
integratredinfosys<at>
yahoo.com
"Icouldn'tfindthecorrect
wordstodefine
yourwebsite.
Veryuseful,uncovered,
honestandclear.
Thankssomuchfor
yourtimeandworks.
Regards."
Anon

Themainoperationofthiscodeiswithintheinterruptroutinethatboth
countstheinputedgesandobtainsanaccurate1stimebycountingthe
edgesoftheinternaloscillatorclock(Fosc/4).
Interrupts
Themostimportantpartofthiscounteristheinterrupt()routine.Thisis
wherealltheactionanddecisionsaremade.
TheinterruptcodeforTimer1isverysimpleandallitdoesisincrementa
longvariableforcountingmultipleinputevents.
Themoretrickyinterruptcode,forTimer0,countstimeasdescribed
above.Itcounts3906overflowsfollowedbyasingle64cyclecounttoreach
atimeof1secondafterwhichitcapturestheeventcountandthentriggers
anupdatetotheLCDtocalculateanddisplaythefrequency.Theupdate
triggerstheactionsinmain().
bit.h
Thiscontainsmacrosforbitmanipulationwhichshouldbecompiler
independent.

LearntoprograminC
ineasysteps.

http://www.bestmicrocontrollerprojects.com/picfrequencycounter.html

4/5

11/29/2014

APICfrequencycounterprojectwritteninCusingTMR1andanLCD.
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