Guideline for Fluid Flow Invasion and Formation Testing.

This guideline will present an example of creating a Fluid Flow Simulation model followed by a Formation Test utilizing the Dual
Packer Tool. This is a very simple invasion model and Fluid Flow Simulation to enable you to become familiar with the module.
This presentation assumes that you are familiar setting up models in UTAPWeLS and there will not be extensive details for the
initial setup. If you need more details please see an earlier presentation (e.g. Introduction to 3D UTAPWeLS).
Fluid Flow Invasion:
1. Open a Well Editor and set the following parameters:
a. Total Data Interval, 1000 m to 1035 m.
b. Petrophysical Bed Boundaries @ 1010 and 1025 m.
c. Open the Palette,
.
i. Layers 1 & 3 set as Pure Shale Layers.

ii.
iii.
iv.
v.

No change to default Matrix or Shale Compositions.

SwT = 0.2; HC = Oil Mix; [NaCl] = 50000 ppm;
Csh = 0; = 0.25
Click OK.

2. Open the Fluid Flow Simulator (FFS),

a. Check the Simulation Invasion box.

b. Keep defaults except for Reservoir Properties
i. Fluids: Oil/Water
ii. Temperature: 250oF
c. Click on the first icon in the FFS,
, Reservoir Rock Properties.
Though no values will be changed for this demonstration, you can see that different conditions may be simulated in
this window and also clicking on the

button, additional parameters may be modified as needed.

d. Clicking on the Initial Fluid Conditions icon,

, enables the Initial (Pre-Invasion) Fluid Conditions to be modified.

The following items were modified:

SwT: Layers 1 & 2: 0.9; Layer 2: 0.2
Cw: Layer 2: 50000
e. In the Numerical Simulation Grid,

, no changes are needed.

f.

Time-Step Configuration
i. Change Time-Step for Initial and Minimum time-step to: 1e-5 to help run faster.
ii. Keep all other default values.

g. Click OK.
h. Fluid Flow Simulation window click Run, a command window will open and the simulation will run.

3. When the simulation is finished click on the Results button which will open the Fluid Flow Results window.
a. Since there is only one layer of interest, in the Specifics under Depth, right click in the window and choose Delete
Entry in the drop-down menu. This can be done for both the shale layers. If a layer is inadvertently deleted, it can
be added back using the Insert New Entry in the drop-down menu.

b. Plots may be displayed within this module.

i. Highlighting one or more selections. To enable multiple items, hold the Ctrl key down and choose
additional item(s) to be displayed.
ii. For this model the Total Water Saturation and Resistivity (Archies) [not seen here] are chosen.

c. In the Plot Options section is denotes 2 plots selected. If the Plot button was clicked on now, two Results windows
would open with one plot on each. To plot two graphs in one Results window:
Click the left mouse key in the Plot Layout box.
A Select Plot Layout window will open.

Using the left mouse button, move it until the selected

number of plots needed are displayed.
Two plots: Total Water Saturation and Resistivity.

or

d. Using the left mouse button, move it until the selected number of plots are chosen and orientation.
e. Two plots will be used: Total Water Saturation and Resistivity. Plots are displayed on next page.

f.

Click on Plot the show the two plots:

The resistivity log shows an annulus created during invasion.

To display the results in the Well Editor:
g. Click on the
button to import the data from the FFS into the Well Editor.
i. Choose the time to be imported, up to 2 days for this example.
ii. If you want to run Nuclear logs, click Yes in the Auto-Run SNUPAR window.

For this example it is not necessary since the Nuclear logs will not be displayed.
iii. If you do wish to display the Nuclear logs, click Yes and the following dialog box will be displayed:

Click the middle button to have SNUPAR run.

The following output was created from the imported data:

Fluid Flow Simulation Module for Formation Testing demonstration of the Dual Packer:
4. Fluid Flow Simulator Module:
a. Uncheck Simulate Invasion and check Simulate Formation Test.
b. Tool Center Depth will be: 1017.5 m.
c. Simulation Type: 1-D.
(It is best to test the system under simple conditions at first.)
d. Fluids: Oil / Water
e. Temperature = 250 oF.
f. The Reservoir Rock Properties will remain the same from the Simulated Invasion.
5. Open the Formation Tester Tool Configuration,

Click OK.

. The default values will be used:

6. Open the Numerical Simulation Grid,

, and keep the default values except for:
a. Minimum # of Grids/Layer increase to 3.
b. Click OK.

When mouse is over

the Probe the hand
allows it to be
moved up/down.

A right mouse click

enables the Move
Tool. In the window
the desired center
depth can be changed.

Probe center depth is

displayed when mouse
is over the probe.

7. Click on the Formation Test Schedule,

-Setup Flow Schedule

-Add Flow Periods

The above values will be used for this model.

8. Open the Simulation Time-Step Configuration window,
.
a. Change the Initial time-step and Minimum time-step to: 1e-09.
b. Maintain default values for all other values.
c. Click OK.
9. Click on Run:
a. After the simulation, click on Results.
b. Import > Specify 0.5 time (days)
c. No to SNUPAR, not working with Nuclear logs at this time.

Note these results will be

imported into the Earth Model.

Well Editor:

The following shows three tracks displaying Resistivity Logs, Resistivity Cross-Section and Total Water Saturation Cross-Section:
FFS-Formation Test: 1-D (Radial); Duration 0.5 days; Grid: 31 Radial; 30 Z-Grid Blocks with 3 Grids/Layer.

The following demonstrates the output using the same Petrophysical Layer values except using Simulation Type of 2-D (w/Gravity)
and additional number of Z-Grid Blocks to demonstrate.
**Note: Simulation with 2-D w/Gravity and the additional Z-Grid Blocks increases the simulation time.
FFS-Formation Test: 2D (w/Gravity); Duration 0.5 days; Grid: 31 Radial; 30 Z-Grid Blocks with 3 Grids/Layer.

FFS-Formation Test: 2D (w/Gravity); Duration 0.5 days; Grid: 31 Radial; 100 Z-Grid Blocks with 3 Grids/Layer.

FFS-Formation Test: 2D (w/Gravity); Duration 0.5 days; Grid: 31 Radial; 150 Z-Grid Blocks with 3 Grids/Layer.

End of this Guideline.