AWS D1.6:1999 An American National Standard Structural Welding Code— Stainless Steel SANsKey Words— Allowable stress, cyclically loaded AWS D1.6:1999 structures, inspection, qualification, An American National Standard structural details, statically loaded structures, stainless steel welding, Approved by stainless steel, stud welding, tubular structures, welded joint details American We nal Standards Institute March 10, 1999 Structural Welding Code— Stainless Steel Prepared by AWS Committee on Structural Welding Under the Direction of [AWS Technical Activities Committee “Approved by AWS Board of Directors Abstract “This code covers the requirements for welding stainless stecl structural assemblies. American Welding Society i, Florida 33126 550 NW, Leleune Road, MiStatement on Use of AWS Standards All standards (codes, specifications. recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the American ‘Welding Society are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the ules ofthe Ame ‘can National Standards Institute. When AWS standards are either incorporated in, or made part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other governmental bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statue. In such cases, any changes in those AWS standards must be approved by the gov ‘ernmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those laws and regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority ofthe contract or other document that invokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements of an AWS standard must be by agre ‘ment between the contracting partis, Inteinational Standard Book Number: 0-87171-563-5 ‘American Welding Society, $50 N.W. Leleune Road, Miami, FL 33126 © 1999 by American Welding Society All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Note: The primary purpose of AWS is to serve and benefit its members. To this end, AWS provides a forum for the ‘exchange, Consideration, and discussion of ideas and proposals that are relevant tothe Welding industry and the consen- ‘us of which forms the basis for these standards, By providing such a forum, AWS does not assume any duties to which 1 user of these standards may be required to adhere. By publishing this standard, the American Welding Society does not insure anyone using the information it contains against any liability arising from that use. Publication ofa standard by the American Welding Society docs not carry with it any right to make, use, or sell any patented items. Users of the in formation in this standard should make an independent, substantiating investigation of the validity ofthat information {or their particular use and the patent status of any item referred to herein, With regard to technical inquities made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered. However, such opinions represent only the personal opinions ofthe particular individuals giving them. These individuals ‘do not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations of ‘AWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation. ‘This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS Structural Welding Committee. It must be reviewed every five years and if not revised, it must be either reapproved or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations, additions, of deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are requested and should be addressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS Structural Welding Committee and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committee's response to the comments. Guests are invited to attend. all mectings of the AWS Structural Welding Commitee to express theit comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Rosd, Miami, FL 33126. Photocopy Rights Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only, or the internal, personal, ‘or educational classroom use only of specific clients, is granted by the American Welding Society (AWS) provided thatthe appropsiate fee is paid lo the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923; Tel: 978-750-8400; online: huip:\www.copyright.comAWS Committee on Structural Welding (Continued) 1. Sewn D. Shapira 1.6. Shaw RE. Shaw, Jn D.L. Sprow J.T. Sualey RW.Stieve CR Swart PJ. Sallivan WA. Svokric GR. Swank AA Taylor *I. D. Theisen W.A. Thornton RHR Tide . Vang SLE, Vebele KK Verma B.D. Wright B. Young Bragg Crane and Rigging Company ‘Morrison-Kaudsen Corporation Mountain Enterprises, Incorporated ‘Stee! Structures Technology Center, Incorporated MeDermott Incorporated, Retired Minnesota Department of Transportation New York Department of Transportation Shell Offshore, Incorporated Massachusetts Highway Department (Retired) ‘Welding Consultants, Incorporated State of Alaska KPFF Consulting Engineers Exxon Company, USA Cives Corporation Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates University of California-San Diego ‘Waukesha County Technical College Federal Highway Administration Consultant Westinghouse Savannah River D1k—Subcommittee 11 on Stainless Steel Welding, A.W. Sindel, Chaie B.M, Butler, Vice Chait SRE. Avery D. Baird RD, Block R. Bonneau F.C. Breismeister i. Chambers RB. Corbit "E.G. Costello D.A. DelSignore y.D. Duncan 56.4. Gix Advisor M.J. Harker GJ. Hilt ML. Hoitomt %ER. Holby W.Jaxa-Rozen RM. Koran D. Kotecki JW. MeGrew J. Merrill JE. Roth D. Shapira "U.D. Theisen B.D. WrightForeword (This Foreword is not a part of AWS D1.6:1999, Structural Welding Code~Stainless Steel, but is included for information purposes only.) ‘This code covers the requirements for welding stainless steel components other than pressure vessels or pressure pip- ing. For many years, fabrications involving stainless steel welding have used ANSVAWS D1.1, Structural Welding ‘Code—Sieel, to provide the requirements for quality construction. However, as the D1.1 document is written for the car- ‘bon and low alloy stecls commonly encountered in structural fabrication, it does not explicitly address the unique re- ‘quirements of the stainless steels, The AWS D1 Structural Welding Committee thus recognized the industry need for a 1.1 analogue designed forthe welding of stainless steel wrought and cast shapes and plates. ‘The most noticeable feature of D1.6:1999 is the allowance of prequalified Welding Procedure Specifications (WPSs) for the austenitic stainless steels. This exemption from qualification testing is based on considerable experience with the ‘most widely used stainless steels. ‘The D1.6 Code is the product of a pool of experts arriving al a consensus position, in keeping with the American National Standard Institute's requirements. Like all prototype documents, D1.6:1999 is acknowledged by the D1 sub- ‘committe on stainless stel as being subject to considerable serutiny by industry. Criticism, comments and suggestions are welcomed by AWS as a means fo improve the technical and economical aspects of the D1.6 provisions, Requests for official interpretations, comments or suggestions should be sent to the Secretary, Structural Welding Committee, ‘American Welding Society, $50 N.W. Leleune Road, Miami, FL 33126,Table of Contents Personnel Foreword .. List of Tables List of Figures 1. General Provisions. 1.1 Scope 12 Base Meta. 1.3 Welding Terms... 14 Welding Symbols 15. Safety Precautions. tandard Units of Measurement. 1.7 Acceptance Criteria. 1 Waldng Proce Speiteton 9 1.9 Approval 1.10 Mandatory Provisions 2. Design of Welded Connections. Pact A—General Requirements. 2.0. General 2 Drawings: 22 Allowable Stresses 23. Increased Unit Stresses Part B—Weld Lengths and Areas. 24 Fillet Welds. 25. Plug and Slots Welds (Sizes and Spacings) Part C—_Miscellancous Structural Detail 26 General 27 Filler Plates 28 Lap Joints 2.9. “Transitions of Butt Joints in Non 2.10 Transitions in Tubular Connections 2.11 Connections ot Spices, 2.12 Buil-Up Members in Statically Loaded Structures. 2.13 Noncontinuous Beams rensesnnnnen 2.14 Plug and Slot Weld Dimensions. 2.15 Specific Requirements for Cyelically Loaded Structures 2.16 Combinations of General Types of Welds. 2.17 Skewed T-Joints 3. Prequalification. 3.0 Scope. Part A—General Requirements 3.1 Limitation of Variables tor Prequalified WPSs, 3.2. Combination of WPSS.r1nmnart B—Prequalified Processes... 33 General ns 34 Welding Processes. 3S. Other Welding Processes... Part C—Base Metals 36. Base Metals for Prequalified WPSs.. 3.7. Auxillary Component Base Metals. 3.8 Base Metal for Weld Tabs and Backing. Part D—Prequalified Filler Metals, Fluxes and Gases... 39. Filler Metals 3.10 Electrodes for SMAW 3.111 Electrodes and Fluxes for SAW... 3112 Consumables for GMAW, GTAW, and FCAW. art EWeld Sizes for Prequalified Joint. 3.13 General. 3.14 Prequalified Fillet Welds... 3.115 Prequalified Pail Joint Peneration (PIP) Groove Welds in Nontulat Connections. 13.16 Prequalified Partial Toiat Penetration (PIP) Groove Welds in Tubular Connection. 3.17 Prequalified Flare-Bevel Groove Sizes 3.18 Prequalified Skewed Joints 1.0m 3.19 Prequalified Plug and Slot Weld Sizes. ssn Penetration (CIP) Groove Welds in Nontubular Connections Penetration (CIP) Groove Welds in Tubular Connections. 3.21 Prequalified Complete. Part F—Proquslified Nontubular Joint Detail 3.22 General 3.23 Partial Joint Penetration (PIP) Groove Welds 3.24 Complete Joint Penetration (CIP) Groove Welds. 3.25 Plug and Slot Welds... 3.26 Flare-Bevel Groove Welds. art G—Prequalified Tubular Joint Details 3.27 General art H_Prequalified WPS Req 3.29 General... 3.30 Plug and Slot Welds Qualification. Part A—WPS Qualification Requirements 4.1 General 42. Essential Variables for WPS Qualification 43. WPS Qualification Requirements... 4:4 Fillet Welds 45. Tests Required for Groove and Fillet Welds. ‘46 “Types, Purposes, and Acceptance Criteria of Tests for WPS Qualificatio art Performance Qualifiation Requirements for Welders and Welding Operators n 47 General... 48. Limitation of Variables for Weider Performance Qualification. 4.9 Limitation of Variables for Welding Operator Performance Quali 44.10 Types, Purposes, and Acceptance Criteria of Tess and Examinations for Welders and ‘Welding Operators 4.11 Overlay Requirements5. Fabrication 5.0. General 3.1 Responsibilities. 5.2 Preparation of Base Metal 53. Assembly. 5A Assembly Tolerances 55. Distortion of Members... 5.6 Groove Weld Backing... 5.7. Tack Welds and Temporary Welds. 58. Pecning, 5.9. Weld Terminatir 105 5.10 Weld Cleaning. 105 5.11 Weld Profiles. 105 5.12 Weld Metal Removal and Repair 105 5.13 Base Metal Repairs by Welding.. 107 5.14 Mislocated Holes.. 107 5.15 Inaccessibility of Unacceptable Welds 108 5.16 Postweld Heat Treatment and Recommendations. 108 6. Inspection Part A—General Requirements 6. Genera... 62 Inspection Personnel Qualification 63. Inspection and Verification of Materials 54 Neaton of rosdure Osainton Resod (POR), Welding Pocedsre Speieaton (WPS) and Performance Qualification . 6.5 Inspection and Verification of Work and Records 6.6 Obligations of the Contractor. 6.7. Nondestructive Testing. 68. Extent of Testing. Part B—Radiographic Testing of Groove Welds in Butt Joints 69. Genesal 6.10 Radiographic Procedures. 6.11 Acceptability of Welds. 6.12 Examination, Report, and Part C—Ultrasonie Testing (UT) of Groove Welds. 6.13 General 6.14 UT Operator Requirements... 15 UT Equipment 6.16 UT Procedure. 6.17 Reference Standard 6.18 Calibration Methods. 6.19 Scanning Patterns and Methods. {6.0 Weld Discontinuity Characterization Methods 6.21 Weld Discontinuity Sizing and Location Methods 6.22 Interpretation Problems With Discontinuites. {6.23 Weld Classes and Amplitude Level (6.24 Accoptance-Rejection Criteria. 6.25 Preparation and Disposition of Reports. Part D—Other Examination Methods.. 6.26 General 6.27 Radiation Imaging Systems Including Real-Time Imaging sition of Radiographs.Part E-Quality of Welds. ABT 6.28 Quality of Welds—Statically Loaded 137 6.29 Quality of Welds—Cyclically Loaded 139 7. Stud Welding wld TA. Scope: AL 712. General Requirements sn ns 141 73 Mechanical Requirements. 142 7. Workmanship 143 75 Technique 143 7.6 Stud Application Qualification Requirements. 144 7.7. Production Control 146 718 Fabrication and Verification Inspection Requirements, 147 Mandatory Annexes: 149 I Bffective Throat. es 149 I Effcetive Throats of Fillet Welds in Skewed T-Joints. 1S Manufacturers’ Stud Base Qualification Requirements. 153 IV—Discontinuity Acceptance Criteria. 157 Nonmandatory Annexes. im ‘A—Recommended Inspection Practice. a71 '5—Non-Prequalfied Stainless Stee!s—Guidelines for WPS Qualification and Use 175 (Safe Practices. 17 1D—Guidelines for Preparation of Technical Inquires for the Structural Welding Committee 181 E—Terms and Definitions. 183 Sample Welding Forms . 187 G-—Etehant Solutions, 191 H—Ultrasonie Unit Certification 193 Annex Forms Form F-1 Welding Procedure Specification (WPS). sone 188 Form F-2 Procedute Qualification Record (POR) 189 Form 3 Welder or Welding Operator Qualification Test Recor. 190 Form I-1 Ultrasonic Unit Certification, 194 Example ofthe Use of Form H-1-—Ultasonie Unit Ceriication.. 195 Form H-2_ dB Accuracy Evaluation, Example ofthe Use of Form H.2—dB Accuracy Evaluation. Form H-3 Decibel (Attenuation of Gain) Values Nomograph.. Example ofthe Use of Form H-3-—Decibel (Attenuation or Gain) Values Nomograph 1 199 1-201 209 Index Normaitve References...Table 2a 22 3a 33 34 41 41s. 42 43 4s 46 47 61 62 63 7 22 13 we al a2 AS List of Tables Page No. Allowable Unit Stresses in PIP Groove Weld ov 4 “Allowable Unit Stresses in CIP Groove Welds. 4 Prequalified Variables to be Specified in the WPS. 14 Prequalified Austenitic Stainless Steels... 1 Prequalified Filler Metal Classifications. 20 Effective Weld Sizes of Flare-Groove Weld 37 Prequalified WPS Requirements «8 WPS Qualification Variables. 66 Overlay Essential Variables forall Processes 7 POR—Type, Number of Test Specimens, and Renge of Thickness Qualified 74 Performance Qualifcation—Thickness Limits and Test Specimens. Performance Qualification—Position and Diameter Limitations. F-Numbers—Grouping of Electrodes and Welding Rods for Qualification... ‘A-Numbers—Cassifications of Stainless Steel Weld Metal Analysis for WPS Qualification. Thickness Limiaon for Ovray WPS and Welding Osrator Performance Quaieton 96 Recommended Backing Thicknesses. Hole-Type Image Quality Indicator (01) Requirements. Wire Image Quality Indicator (101) Requirements UT Acceptance-Rejection Criteria. ‘Mechanical Property Requirements of Sted. Minimum Fillet Weld Size for Small Diameter Stu... Stud Torque Values (UNC) Equivalent Fillet Weld Leg Size Factors for Skewed T-Toinis ‘Weld Classification . . Nondestructive Testing/Examination Methods. Recommended Undercut Criteria.Figure 24 22 23 24 25 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4.10 an 4n2 4,13(A) Tension Specimens—Reduced Section—Turned Specimens. 4,13(B) Tension Specimens—Full Section—Small Diameter Pipe. aa 4s 4.16 417 ag 4.19 4.20 421 422 423 Si 32 61 62 64 List of Figures Filet Welds on Opposite Ste of Coron Pane of Coat for Cyetally Landed Stace nnn Fillet Welded Lap Joint in Tubular Connections... — Double-Fllet Welded Lap Joint Transition of But Joints in Nontubular Connections of Unequal Thickness ‘Transition of Butt Joins in Tubular Connections of Unequal Thickness ‘Weld Metal Delta Ferrite Content. Details for Prequalified Fillet Weld Fillet Welded Prequalified Joints. Prequalified PIP Groove Welded Joints. Prequalified Joint Details for PIP Groove Welds Prequalified CIP Groove Welded Joints ‘Wold Bead Width/Depth Limitations. Positions of Groove Wels. Positions of Fillet Welds "Test Positions of Welds Location of Tet Specimens on POR Plate of Pipe POR Fillet Weld Specimens, Bottom Ejecting Guided-Bend Test ig Bottom Guided Bend Test Jig, ‘Altemative Wrap-Around Guided-Bend Test ig. Nomogram for Selecting Minimum Bend Radius ‘Transverse Rectangular Tension Test Specimen. ‘Tension Specimens (Longitudinal) . ‘Tension Specimen for Pipe Size Greater than 2 i. (50 eam) Nominal Diamete in, (150 mm) or 8 in. (200 mm) Pipe Assembly for Performance Qualific Plates—Longitudinal Performance Qualification. . ‘Transverse Side-Bend Specimens—Plate. ‘Transverse Face-Bend and Root-Bend Specimens—Plate.. “Tranvoree Face-Bend and Root-Bend Specimens—Pipe Longitudinal Face-Bend and Rool-Bend Specimens—Plate.. Fillet Weld Root-Bend Test Specimens .. Overlay WPS and Performance Qualification. Chemieal Analysis Test, Performance Qualification Specimen Locations. “Typical Weld Access Hole Geometries. Typical Weld Profiles. vs —— Radiographic Identfiatinn and Hole-Type ar Wire 101 Locations on Approximately Equal Thickness Joints 10 in. (250 mm) and Greater in Length us Radiographic Ldentiiation and Hole-Type or Wire IOI Locations on Approximately Equal ‘Thickness Joints Less Than 10 in, (250 mm) in Length... us Radiographic Identification and Hole-Type ot Wire IOI Locations on Transition Joints 10 in (250 mm) and Greater in Length ve — 11664 65 66 67 68 69 6.10 6.1 6.12 613 614 6.15 6.16 617 18 619 6.20 621 622 623 6.24 ua UL m2 Wa v2 v3 va vs v6 v7 Ht H2 Radiographic Identification and Hole-Type or Wire [QI Locations on Transition Joints Less'Than 10 in, (250-mm) in Length Hole-Type Image Quality Indicator (101) Dein ie Image Quabity Indicator. Radiographic Edge Blocks. ‘Transducer Crystal ‘Standard Reference Reflector... Recommended Calibration Block. ‘Typical Alternate Reflectors (Loctted in Weld Mock-ups and Production Welds) ‘Transfer Correction ‘Compression Wave Depth (Horizontal Sweep Ci Compression Wave Sensitivity Calilnati Shear Wave Distance and Sensitivity Calibration Plan View of UT Scanning Patters. Scanning Methods Spherical Discontinuity Characteristics Cylindrical Discontinuity Characteristics. Planar Discontinuity Characteristics Discontinuity Height Dimension Discontinuity Tength ‘Screen Marking. Report of Ultrasonic Examination Dimension and Tolerances of Standard-Type Shear Connectors ‘Typical Tensile Test Fixture for Stud Welds Position of Test Stud Welds ‘Torque Testing Arrangement for Stud Welds. Stud Weld Bend Fixture... Details for Skewed T-joints Bend Testing Device . Suggested Type of Device for Qualification Testing of Smal Studs Weld Quality Requirements for Elongated Discontinuities as Determined by Radiography for Slatically Loaded Structures. = Maximum Acceptable Radiographic Images bration) For Radiography of Joints 1-1/8 in, (30 mm) and Greater, Typ Examples of Random Acceptable Discontinuties ‘Weld Quality Requirements for Discontnuities Occurring in Tension Welds (Limitations of Porosity and Fusion Characteristics). ‘Weld Quality Requirements for Discontinuiies Osering in Compression Welds imitans of Porosity or Fusion Type Discontinuiies), (Class R Indications. Class X Indications. ‘Transducer Positions (Typical). ‘Qualification Block M16 17 us 120 122 124 124 125 126 127 127 128 129 130 Bt 131 132 132 133 135 136 141 a2 145 sw 146 147 152 154 15S 158 "163 164 so 5 166 167 169 200‘AWS D1.6:1900 Structural Welding Code—Stainless Steel 1. General Provisions 1.1 Scope ‘This code covers welding requirements applicable to stainless steel weldments subject to design stress. It shall bbe used in conjunction with any complementary code or specification forthe design or construction of stainless steel weldments. 1.2 Base Metal ‘The base metals to be welded under this code are stainless stel with the following limits 1). Carbon (C) equal to or less than 0.5% 11) Chromium (Cr) equal to or greater than 10.5% 1 on (Fe) exceeds any other single element. ‘Stainless stel base metals may include any ofthe fol- lowing types: (Q) Austenitic ion Hardening (austenitic, semi-austeniti ‘and martensitic) (5) Duplex (©) Dissimilar (any combinations of the types above or with weldable carbon steels or low alloy stels), ‘The stainless steel typos may be in any ofthe follow ing forms: Cold rolled—sheet Hot rolled—sheet, plate Shapes ‘Structural ‘Tubular (Clad materials & combinations Castings Forgings Stainless steel types are generally listed by American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Numbers, Unified Num: bering System (UNS), or by American Society of Testing ‘and Materials (ASTM) Specitications for product form. ZOmEoOOE> Newer proprietary steels may not be numbered and must be identified by chemical composition or other suitable ‘ncans whic cleurly define the stel, 1.2.1 Specified Base Metal. The contract documents shall designate the specification and classification of base metal to be used. Normally, they will be selected in ‘accordance withthe specifications, When welding to this, ode is involved, the base metals, as defined in 1,2, should be used wherever possible. The designer shall specify application limits for temperature in the contract ‘documents. The provisions ofthis code are not intended to apply to welding base metals thinner than 1/16 in. (2mm or 16 gage. 1.2.2 Base Metal Prequalification. Austenitic stainless steels whose filler metals normally produce a small amount of ferrite (see Table 3.2 for prequalified limits) shall be considered prequalified, provided they are welded with filler metals in accordance with Table 3.3 and the WPSS used conform to all the applicable requi ‘ments ofthis code. All other stainless steels or combina- tions, and WPSs which are not prequalified, shall be ‘qualified in contormance to this code, 1.2.3 Use of Unlisted Base Metals. When a stainless steel other than one of those listed in Table 3.2 is pro- posed for welded construction under this code, WPSs shall be established by qualification in accordance with the requirements of section 4, except as allowed in 1.2.3.1. The fabricator shall have the responsibility for establishing the WPS by qualification 1.23.1 Unlisted base metals which have the same chemical composition and strength as a listed steel may bbe welded with a prequalified or qualified WPS for the listed steel. 1.2.4 Weldability. The Engincer may prescribe ad tional weldability testing of the unlisted steel. The re- sponsibility for determining weldability is assigned toAWS D1.6:1990 the party who either specifies a material not listed in Table 3.2, except as permitted by 1.2.3.1, or who pro: poses the use of a substitute material not listed in Table 3.2, The Engineer may also prescribe additional cotro- sion tests, toughness tests, creep tess, etc. These tests sinall be conducted by a competent organization before the award of a contract. Ifnot, the specific test method and acceptance standards shall be specified in the won tract documents 1.3 Welding Terms ‘The welding terms used in this code shall be inter- preted in accordance with the definitions given in the lat- test edition of ANSUAWS A3.0, Standard Welding Terms ‘and Definitions, supplemented by Annex E of this code. 1.4 Welding Symbols Welding symbols shall be those shown in the latest dition of ANSIAWS A2.4, Symbols for Welding, Braz- ing, and Nondestructive Examination. Special conditions shall be fully explained by added notes or details. 1.5 Safety Precautions Safety precautions shall conform to applicable regul- tions, The latest edition of ANSH/ASC Z49.1, Safery in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes, published by the American Welding Society (also see Annex C, Safe Prac: toes) is recomended. Note: Work to this code may involve hazardous materi- ‘als, operations, and equipment. The code does not pur~ [pon to ures all ofthe safety problems associated with ‘as use. Is the responsibility of the user to establish ap- propriate safety and health practices. The user should letermine the applicability of any regulatory limitations rior to use. GENERAL PROVISIONS 1.6 Standard Units of Measurement ‘The values stated in U.S. Customary Units are to be re ‘garded as tho standard. The metric (SI) equivalents of US Customary Units given inthis code may be approximate. 1,7 Acceptance Criteria ‘The fundamental premise of the code is to provide ‘general acceptance criteria applicable to any situation. ‘Acceptance criteria for production welds different from those specified in the code may be used for a particular application, provided they are suitably documented by the proposer and approved by the Engineer. These alte nate acceptance criteria can be based upon evaluation of suitability for service using past experienve, expetimen- tal evidence or engineering analysis considering matt type, service load effects, and environmental factors. 1.8 Welding Procedure Sp. (WPS) Each contractor or fabricator shall prepare writen WPSs which are qualified, prequalified or a combination of qualified and prequalified in accordance with this code. An example is shown in Annex F, 1.9 Approval ‘Al references to the need for approval shall be inter- preted to mean approval by the Engineer. Hereinafter, if the construction is under the jurisdiction of the Building ‘Commissioner, the term Engineer shall be used, and shall be construed to mean the Building Commissioner or the Engines 1.10 Mandatory Pro Most provisions of the code are mandatory when the use ofthe code is specified. Certain provisions are op- tional and apply only when specified in contract docu- ments for a specific project.‘AWS D1.6:1900 2. Design of Welded Connections Part A General Requirements 2.0 General Stainless steel welded connections shall be designed {to meet the loading requirements. However, the Engineer shall consider corrosion and make appropriate design ad- justments, such as seal welding and selection of fillet Inetals to match, evermateh or undermatch the base met- als, such thatthe resultant design is fit forthe intended purpose. The Engineer shall not design a welded connec- tion involving an austenitic stainless steel member to a forrtic etainless steel, martensitic stainless steel nor a ‘carbon/low alloy steel member without due consider- ion of the differences in their coefficients of thermal expansion, 2.1 Drawings 2.1.1 Drawing Information. Full and complete informa: tion regarding the location, type, size, and extent ofall, welds and inspection requirements shall be clearly shown on the drawings. The drawings shall clearly dis- tinguish between shop and field welds, and identify postweld heat treatments if applicable 2.1.2 Weld Size and Length. Contract design drawings, shall specify the effective weld longth, if less than full, length. 21.21 Partial Joint Penetration (PJP) Groove Welds. For partial joint penetration groove welds, shop ‘or working drawings shall specify the groove depths (S), applicable forthe weld size (E) requited for the welding, process and position of welding to be used. 2.1.2.2 Complete Joint Penetration (CJP) Groove Welds. Groove welding symbols without dimensions designate CIP groove welds, Detail drawings shall clearly indicate by welding symbols or sketches the de- tails of groove welded joints and the preparation of mate- rial required to make them 2.1.3 Symbols. All symbols shall comply with the latest edition of ANSUAWS A2.4, except for skewed T-joints, ‘The dihedral angles of skewed T- the use ofthe fillet or groove weld symbol is not possi ble. Therefore, a detailed sketch of the desired joint, ‘weld configuration, and desired weld dimensions shall bbe clearly shown on the drawing. The method of sizing the weld, the effective throat and leg shall also be speci fied on the drawing. (See Annex I) 2.1.4 Inspection Requirements. Inspection require- ‘ments, other than visual, shall he noted on the drawings or in the contract specification 2.1.8 End Connections. Welded end connections shall bbe designed in accordance with the assumptions about, the degree of restraint involves construction. 2.1.6 Kecentricity of Connections 2.1.6.1 Intersecting Parts, Eccentricity between in- tersecting parts and members shall be avoided insofar as, practicable. 2.1.6.2 Bending Stresses. Adequate provisions shall bbe made for bending stresses due to eccentricity, if any, resulting from the location and types of welds. Corner and T-joints that are to be subjected to bending about an axis parallel to the joint shall have their welds arranged to avoid concentration of teusile stress at the root of any weld. 2.1.63 Symmetry. For members having symmettical ‘ross sections, the connection welds shall be arranged symmetrically about the axis of the member, or proper allowance shall be made for asymmetrical distribution of stresses, 2.1.64 Center of Gravity. For axially stressed angles, the center of gravity of the connecting welds shal lieAWS 01.6999 DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS. between the line of the center of gravity of the angle’s 2.2.2 Allowable Basic Unit Stresses in Welds Sion tn te centri of anes.” 3.323 Gave Wee: Fr PIP sore wo, the center of gravity ofthe connecting weld lis outside qauic 1 Fer CHP proove welds see able of this zone, the total stresses, including those due to the ee eer de see Tete cent fom the enter of gravity ofthe ange, shall _ 22.22 Skewed Jats. Unless otherwise specified Ser) dee penned by te contact speceation, i the contac specification, the stess on the ealvlated effective weld area shall be considered shear ste, re- tardless ofthe direction of apo Welds. Stress on the effective area of 22.2.3 Fil 2.2 Allowable Stresses filet welds shall be considered as shear stress, regardless ‘of the direction of application. Unless otherwise speci- 2.2.1 Allowable Base Metal Stresses. The allowable fied ia the contract specification, the hasie allowahle unit basic unit stresses forthe base metals shall be as speci- shear stress shall be 0.30 x the nominal tensile strength fied in the applicable contrat specifications of the weld metal used. Table 2.1 Allowable Unit Stresses in PUP Groove Welds (see 2.2.2.1) ‘ype of Weld ‘Sires in Weld (030 x nominal tensile strength of filler metal, ‘Tension normal tothe effective area ‘except tensile stress on base metal shall not exceed (0.60 yield steength of base metal {05x nominal tensile srength of weld meal, except Joint not designed to bear | compression stress on adjacent base metal shall not exceed 0.60 x yield stength of base metal ‘Compression normal'o the elective area groove welds “ot designed to bear “The lesser of values for bake metal filer etl “Tension or compression parallel othe axis of the weld | Same as for base metal (0.30 nominal tensile strength of weld meal, ior the weld ‘except cheat etross on bate metal shall not exceed (0.40 yield strength of base metal ‘Shear paral tothe 1 the srength will decrease significantly with service temperatures ove 800°F (430°); the Engineer should cont ote srength dat hat Indica the lowable sre a eve emgeraues hl are reat han 800° (430°C) p, ASME Section I, Pr, Table 2.2 Allowable Unit Stresses in CUP Groove Welds (sec 2.2.2.1) “Type of Weld Stress in Weld Allowable tress! “Tension normal to the effective area ‘The lesser of values fo base metal or filler metal ‘Compression normal tothe effective area “The lesser of valves for base metal or filler metal cP groove welds | Tension or compression parallel othe axis ofthe weld | Same as for base metal (0.30 x nominal tensile strength of weld metal, ‘Shear onthe effective area ‘except shear stress on base metal shall nt exceed (0.40 yield strength of base metal Nove 1 The stengh will decrese significantly with sevice temperatres over BUI"F (420°C the Engineer should consult otber stengih dit that IMs the allowable stesa service operates at re restr than BHF (430°C), £8, ASME Seton I, Pat D.DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS 2.2.3 Intermittent Fillet Welds, Intermittent fillet welds ‘may be used to carry ealeulated static stress. 2.2.4 Bending Stresses, Fiber stresses duc to bending, shall not exceed the values prescribed for tension and. ‘compression, 2.2.5 Fatigue Stress Provisions. Fatigue stress provi- sions for structures subject to eyelic loading shall be de- termined by the Engineer and be included in the contract specification Each of the various grades/types of stainless steels have significant differences in fatigue performance. ‘The Engineer shall use the appropriate fatigue curves, using the basic allowable stress and strain data relevant to the various stainless steels and their respective metal- Iuygical suuctures to meet the planed life requirements of the structure. ‘The Engineer shall incorporate the following consid- erations when making this determination: 2) Beets of repetitive orv and strain ranges on the structure (2) The stress intensification effects of the weld de- tails, from the base metal S/N curves, which were origi- nally developed using smooth test specimens. 3) The environmental conditions such as fluids, tem- peratures and atmospheres to which the structure will be subjected. ible loads on the stress 2.3 Increased Unit Stresses Where permitted in the applicable design specifica- ‘won (except for fatigue), the allowable unit stresses, as defined in 2.2, may be increased. Part B Weld Lengths and Areas These provisions determine the effective lengths and areas for welds or groups of welds. 2.4 Fillet Welds 2.4.1 Effective Areas. The effective area shall be the ef fective weld length multiplied by the effective throat 2.4.1.1 Effective Throat. The effective throat shall be the shortest distance from the joint root tothe weld face of the diagrammatic weld (see Annex I) Note: See Annes I for formula governing the calculation of effective throats for fillet welds in skewed T-joins AWS 01.6199 24,2 Effective Lengths 24.2.1 The effective length of a fillet weld shall be the overall length ofthe fullsize fillet, including boxing. ‘No reduction in effective specified length shall be made for either the start or end of the weld ifthe weld is full throughout its length. 24.2.2 The effective length of a curved fillet weld shall be measured along the centerline of the effective throat 24.2.3°The minimum effective length of a fillet weld shall be atleast four times the nominal size, or the effec- ive size of the weld shall be considered not to exceed 25% of its effective length 24.2.4 The minimum length of an intermivent fillet ‘weld segment shall be 1-1/2 in. (40 mm) unless other= ‘wise shown on approved design drawings. 2.4.2.5 Length and Spacing of Longitudinal Welds. longitudinal fillet welds are used alone in lap joint end connections, the length of each fillet weld shall be no. less than the perpendicular distance between the welds. ‘The transverse spacing of longitudinal fillet welds used In end connections shall not exceed & in, (200 mm), unless end transverse welds or intermediate plug ot slot welds are used. The longitudinal fillet weld may be either atthe edges of the member or inthe slots. 2.4.3 Weld Terminations 243.1 Unless otherwise specified in this code or other contract documents, fillet welds connecting attach: ‘ments nced not start nor terminate less than the weld size from the end ofthe joint. 2.43.2 Boxing. Fillet welds stressed by forces not parallel to the faying surface shall not terminate at cor- ners of parts or members, except as allowed by 2.4.3.3, but shall be returned continuously, full size, around the corner for a length equal to twice the weld size where such return can be made in the same plane. Boxing shall be inaicated on design and detail drawings where required 2.433 For cyclically loaded structures, fillet welds deposited on the opposite sides of a common plane of contact between two parts shal be interrupted ata comer ‘common to both welds (see Figure 2.1) 2.4.4 Fillet Welds in Holes or Slots 2.4.4.1 Minimum spacing and dimensions of holes or slots when fillet welding is used shall conform to the re- quirements of 2.5. 2.4.4.2 Fillet weld in holes or slots in lap joints may be used to transfer shear orto prevent buckling or separationAWS 01.6:1090 DO NoT TIE WELDS TOGETHER HERE SS 8 Figure 2.1—Fil DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS DO NOT TIe WELDS: TOGETHER HERE Hy [> let Welds on Opposite Sides of a Common Plane of Contact for Cyclically Loaded Structures (see 2.4.3.3) ‘flapped parts. These fillet welds may overlap, subject 1 the provisions of 2.4.2.2, Fillet welds in holes or slots are not to be considered as plug or elot welde. 2.4.4.3 When fillet welds in holes or slots are used, the clear distance from the edge of the hole or slot to the adjacent edge of the part containing it, measured perpen dicular to the direction of stress, shall be no less than five ‘times the thickness of the part nor less than two times the ‘width of the hole of slot. The strength of the pat shall be determined from the critical net section of the base metal 2.5 Plug and Slot Welds ( Spacings) 2.5.1 Plug Weld Spacing. The minimum center-to- center spacing of plug welds shall be four times the diameter of the hol es and 2.5.2 Slot Weld Spacing, The minimum spacing of lines of slot welds ina direction transverse to their length shall be four times the width ofthe slot. The minimum center- ‘o-center spacing in a longitudinal direction on any line shall be two times the length ofthe slot. 2.5.3 Plug Weld Sizes. The minimum hole diameter shall be the thicknece of the momber containing it plus 5/16 in, (8 mm) and the maximum hole diameter shall be the thickness of the member containing it plus 7/16 in. (11 mm) or 2-1/4 times the thickness of the member, whichever isthe greater. A diameter larger than the max imum may be specified by the Engineer. 284 Slot Weld Sizes. The minimum slot width shall be the thickness of the member containing it plus 5/16 in. (mm). The maximum elot width chal be the thickness of the member containing it plus 7/16 in. (11 mm) or 2-1/4 times the thickness of the member, whichever is ‘sreater. For slot welds, a width less than the minimum may be specified by the Engincer. The length of the stot shall not exceed ten times the thickness ofthe part con- ining i, unless specified by the Engineer. 2.5.5 Plug and Slot Weld Effective Areas. The effec- tive area shall be the nominal area of the hole or slot in the plane of the faying surface. Plug or slot weld ‘design shall be based on shear in the plane of the faying, ‘surfaces Part C Miscellaneous Structural Details 2.6 General ‘These provisions provide requirements, Limitations and prohibitions for typical welded structural details, such as filler plates, boxing, lap joints, transitions, con- nections or splices, stiffeners, built-up members/shapes for cttially loaded structure, plug and elot dimensions, specific requirements for cyclically loaded structures, and weld combinations. Details shall minimize con- straint against ductile behavior, avoid undue concentra- tion of welding. and afford ample access for depositing the weld metal,DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS 2.7 Filler Plates 2.7.1 Filler Plate Usage. Fillers plates may be used (1) Splicing parts of different thicknesses. 2) Connections that, due to existing geometric align- ‘ment, must accommodate offsets to permit simple framing, ) Filler plates may be used in both statically and cy- clically loaded structures; however, for cyclically loaded structures the maximum stress or stress range shall not ‘exceed the fatigue stress permitted by the applicable con- tract specification, 2.7.2 Filler Plates Less Than 1/4 in. (6 mm). Any filler plate less than 1/4 in, (6 mm) thick shall not be used to ‘transfer stress, but shall be kept flush with the welded edges of the stress-carrying patt. The sizes of welds along such edges shall be increased over the requited sizes by an amount equal to the thickness of the filler plate, 2.743 Filler Plates 1/4 in, (6 mm) and Larger: Any filer plate 1/4 in. (6 mm) or more in thickness shal be capable ‘of transferring the stress and shall extend beyond the ‘edges of the splice plate or connection material It shall, AWS D1.6:1990 bbe welded to the part on which it is fited, and the joint shall be of sufficient strength to transmit the splice plate ‘or connection material siess applied at the surface of the filler plate as an eccentric load. The welds joining the splice plate or connection material tothe filler plate shall be sufficient to transmit the splice plate or connection ‘material stress and shal be long enough to avoid over- stressing the filler plate along the toe of the weld, 2.7.4 Filler Plates Used for Dissimilar Thickness Con- nections. For assemblies, in which the thickness is less than 1/4 in. (6 mm), the Engineer may epecify a limit of =r plate thickness less than 1/4 in. (6 mm) as deter- ‘mined in 2.7.2 and 2.7.3. In no case, however, shall the thickness of filler plate used as per 2.7.3 be less than the thickness of the thinner ofthe connected parts. 2.8 Lap Joints 2.8.1 Minimum Amount of Lap. The minimum mount ‘of lap shall be five times the thickness of the thinner part, joined but not less than 1 in. (25 mm) (see Figures 2.2 and 2.3). 5 (ty OR) (NOTE 2) MIN [NOT LESS THAN 1 in. (25 mm) 2 ty ort Whichover sth lessor hcknass Figure 2.2—Fillet Welded Lap Joint in Tubular Connections (see 2.8.1) +f} syun—] 6 ts [NOT LESS THAN in, (25 mn Figure 2.3—Double-Fillet Welded Lap Joint (see 2.8.2)‘AWS D1.6:1008 2.82 Double Fillet Welded. Lap joins in parts carrying ‘axial stress shall be double-fillet welded (see Figure 2.3), ‘except where deflection of the joint is sufficiently re strained to prevent it from opening under load. 2.8.3 Double Plug or Slot Welds. Unless lateral deflec- ‘on ofthe pars is prevented, they are to be connected by af least two transverse Hines of plug or slot welds, or by «wo or more longitudinal stot welds. 2.9 Transitions of Butt Joints in Nontubular Connections 2.9.1 Transition of Thicknesses or Widths Subject to ‘Tensile Stress. Butt joints between axially aligned mem- bers of dilterent thicknesses or widths, or both, and sub- ject to tensile stress greater than one-third the allowable design tensile stress, shall be made in such a manner that the slope in the transition does not exceed 1 in 2-1/2 with the surface of either part (See Figure 2.4), The transition shall be accomplished by chamfering the thicker part, tapering the wider part, sloping the weld metal, or by any ‘combination of these. 2.9.2 Butt joints between parts having different widths, shall have a smooth transition between offset edges at a slope of no more than 1 in 2-1/2 with the edge of either part or shall be transitioned with a 2 ft (600 mm) mini- ‘mum radius tangent to the narrower part of the center of the butt joints (see Figure 24). 2.10 Transitions in Tubular Connections 2.10.1 Size Transition. Flared connections and tube size Iwansitions not excepted below shal be checked for local stresses caused by the change in direction [angle (P)] atthe transition. Exception: Circular tubes having D/t less than 30, box sections having D/t less than 20, and transition, ‘lopes for circular tubes and box sections less than 1 in 4 2.10.2 Transition of Thicknesses. Tension butt joints in axially aligned primary members of different material thicknesses or size shall be made in such a manner that the slope through the transition zone does uot exceed 1 in 2-1/2. The transition shall be accomplished by chamfer- ing the thicker part, sloping the weld metal, or by any ‘combination of these methods (see Figure 2.5). 2.11 Connections or Splices 2.11.1 Tension or Compression Members. Connections ‘or splices of tension or compression members made by ‘groove welds shall have CIP welds, except as specified DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS in 2.11.2, Connections or splices made with fillet or plug, ‘welds, except as noted in 2.11.2, shall be designed for an average of the calculated stress and the strength of the member, but not less than 75% of the strength of the member; or if there is repeated application of load, the ‘maximum stress or stress range in such connection or splice shall not exceed the fatigue stress permitted by the applicable contract specification. 2.11.2 Compression Members with Milled Joints. If ‘members subject to compression only are spliced and full-milled bearing is provided, the splice material and its ‘welding shall be arranged, unless otherwise stipulated by the applicable general specifications, to hold all parts in alignment and shall be proportioned to carry 50% of the ‘computed stress in the member. Where such members are in full-milled bearing on base plates, there shall be sufficient welding to hold all parts securely in place, 2.11.3 Splices in Girders and Beams 2.LL.A Splices hetween sections of rolled beams oF built-up girders shall preferably be made in a single transverse plane. Shop splices of webs and flanges in built-up girders, made before the webs and flanges are joined to each other, may be located in a single trans- ‘verse plane or multiple transverse planes, but the fatigue stress provisions ofthe contract specification shall apply. 2.11.3.2 Gitders (built-up I sections) shall preferably tbe made with ane plate in each flange, ie.. without cover plates, The unsupported projection of a flange shall be no ‘more than permitted by the applicable contract specifica- tion. The thickness and width of a lange may be varied by but joint welding parts of different thickness or width ‘with transitions conforming to the requirements of 2.9 2.12 Built-Up Members in Statically Loaded Structures 2.12.1 Weld Spacing. If two or more plates or rolled, ‘shapes are used to build up a member, sufficient spacing, of the welde (fillet, plug, or slot type) shal be provided to:make the parts actin unison, except where the transfer of calculated stress between the parts joined requires closer spacing. 2,121.1 Maximum Longitudinal Spacing of Inter. mittent Welds. The maximum longitudinal spacing of intermittent welds connecting two or mote rolled shapes, ‘ra shape and a plate, in contact with one another shall, fot exceed! ain. (600 mam). 2.12.1.2 Longitudinal Spacing in Built-up Tensi ‘and Compression Members. In built-up tension and ‘compression members, the longitudinal spacing of inter- ‘mittent welds connecting a plate component to other ‘components, or connecting two plate components to eachDESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS ‘AWS 01.6:1900 TS PN 2s re (A) TRANSITION BY SLOPING WELD SURFACE enove rewove = APTERWELONG se AFTER WELDING 25 25 So AFTER WELDING (8) TRANSITION BY SLOPING WELD SURFACE AND CHAMFERING cHawren CHAMFER, ‘BEFORE WELDING BEFORE WELDING "2 = ; CHawFER BEFORE WELOING CENTERLINE ALIGNMENT OFFSET ALIGNMENT. (PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE (PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE ‘TOWEB PLATES) ‘TO FLANGE PLATES) (©) TRANSITION BY CHAMFERING THICKER PART Notes: 1. Groowe may be of ay permite or qualified ype and deta. 2. Transiton slopes shown are the maximum porte, Figure 2.4—Transition of Butt Joints in Nontubular Connections of Unequal Thickness (see 2.9.1, 2.9.2.1, 2.15.2)DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS (or'z 99s) sawp, fenboug. aud ununew axe unas sedoje poyren 2 ponausoc hve 0q few «x00 ( ‘B9nLLWBNOIHL 40 Go HBdVI AB NOUSNYEL (A) Jo suop}sam0; seINANY, UY s}ULOL HyNg Jo MoR|STEAL—s*'Z 21nd “penned wruixou oy a1 unos sede uonsueH 2 “yeep lr 2 pound 20 potted Ave Joo ft @r00%0 tuoons ino WAL Suoae SNMOW ~— 'WO GNIUD SNHOWN a PL tusanuen @ ‘aBUINOSY SI GTBM wad 3HO38 Haves TM BONE WAY (UE) RN CS So wo ‘BaIS 3NO WOH! a3C73M ‘S301S OMLWOUS GadT3MDESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS ‘other, shall not exceed 12 in. (300 mm) or 24 thickness ofthe thinner plate es the 2.12.2 Intermittent or Partial Length Groove Welds. Intermittent or partial length groove welds are not per: titted except as specified in 2.123. 2.12.3 Groove Welds in Elements Connected by Fillet ‘Welds, Members built-up of elements connected by fillet, welds, at points of localized load application, may have groove welds of limited length to participate inthe tans- fer of the localized load. The groove weld shall extend at uniform size for at least the length required to transfer the load. Beyond this length, the groove shal be transi tioned in depth to zero over & distance, not less than four times its depth. The groove shall be filled flush before the application ofthe fillet weld. 2.13 Noncontinuous Beams ‘The connections atthe ends of noncontinuous beams shall be designed with flexibility so as to avoid excessive secondary stresses due to bending. Seated connections with a flexible or guiding device to prevent end twisting are recommended. 2.14 Plug and Slot Weld Dimensions 2.14.1 Ends of Slots. The ends of the slot shall be semi- circular or shall have the comers rounded. The radius shall not be Tess than the thickness of the part containing it, except those ends which extend tothe edge ofthe part, 2.14.2 Depth of Filling of Plug and Slot Welds. The depth of filling of plug or stot welds in metal 5/8 in. (16 mm) thick or less shall be equal to the thickness of the material. In metal over 5/8 in. (16 mm) thick, it shall, be at least one-half the thickness of the material, but no less than 5/8 in. (16 mm). The Engineer may specify an alternative limit of depth of filling. 2.15 Specific Requirements for Cyclically Loaded Structures 2.18.1 Connections of Components of Built bers. When a member is built up of two or more the pieces shall be connected along their longitudinal joints by sufficient continuous welds to make the pieces actin unison: 2.15.2 When the offset between surfaces at either side of the joint is greater than the thickness ofthe thinner part ‘connected, the transition of thicknesses (see Figure 2.4) subject to shear oF compressive stress shall be mide 85, specified in 2.9.1. When the offset is equal to or less than, n ‘AWS D1.6:1900 the thickness of the thinner part connected, the face of ye weld shall be sloped no more than 1 in 2-1/2 from the surface of the thinner pact or shall he sloped ta the sir- face ofthe thicker part if this requires a lesser slope with the following exception: Truss member joints and beam and girder flange joints shall be made with smooth tran- sitions ofthe type specified in 2.9.1 2.15.3 Prohibited ‘Types of Joints and Welds 2.15.31 Butt joints not fully welded throughout their ‘ross section are prohibited 2153.2 SMAW and SAW CIP groove welds, made from one side only, are prohibited, if the welds are made: (1) Without any backing, or (2) With backing, other than stainless steel, that has ‘not been qualified in accordance with section 4, 2.18.33 These prohibitions for CIP groove welds ‘made from one side do not apply to: (2) Secondary oF non-stress carrying members and shoes or other nonstressed appurtenances, or, (2) Corner joints parall! to the direction of computed stress, between components for built-up members de- signed primarily for axial stress. 2.15.34 Intermittent groove welds ae prohibited. 2.1535 Intermittent fillet welds are proh 2.153.6 Plug and slot welds on bers are prohibited ary tension mem- 2.16 Combinations of General Types of Welds If two oF more of the general types of welds (groove, filet, plug, stot) are combined in a single joint, their al- Jowable capacity shall be computed with reference to the axis ofthe group in order to determine the allowable ca- pacity of the combination. Fillet welds reinforcing. groove welds shall have a combined effective size based fn the throat of the combination (see Annex 1. 2.17 Skewed T-Joints (see Annex If, Figure Il-1). ‘Skewed T-joints which have resulting angles between members less than 60° shall be qualified in accordance with section 4 to determine actual effective throat oF effective weld size. These types of joints should be con- sidered PIP groove welds unless WPS and welder qual- fications show that CJP groove welds can be achieved with the welding methods being used. Z-loss values for stainless steels have not been determined; therefore, the requlrements of 2.17 are necessary in order to tind the achievable theoretical weld size or throat‘AWS 01.6:1908 3. Prequalification 3.0 Scope ‘Te provisions of this section cover the requirements for the tse of prequalified WPSs. WPSs that conform fo this section, oo standardized WPSS of ANSUAWS B21, Standard for Welding Procedure and Performance Quali cation, sal be exempt fom qualification Prequalification overs weldmentsin thicknesses of 1/16 in (2 tm) oF 16 gage and preae, designed for supporting mechanical toads under normal atmospheric corrosion condition, or under conditions of comparable severity in a temperature range of 1O0°F to +800°F (75°C wo r430°C). I pplics only to nominally austenitic stains ste base metals and filer metals whose as-veldd fusion zones normally con- tain a small amount of deta fete (see 3.29) Filler metals ‘wed for proualfed WSs call equal or encoed the cor responding minimum specified base meal strength and provide resistance to normal atmospheric coresion.Atmo- spheric exposure may nt requir stainless steal, however, some industrial and seacoast environments may reqive Aeditional corsion mitigation whichis nt anticipated in this section or code, For corrosion conditions significantly sore severe than normal atmosphere exposure, the Engi neetshll determine appropriate base and fille mets Prequalification may stil be applicable if the selected materials ar listed in Tables 3.2 and 3.3 and a permitted by 1.2.3.1, Any other materials shall be qualified per the requirements of section 4 Note: The use of prequalified joints or a prequalified WPS isnot intended as asubsiutefor engineering ud ‘ment inthe sultability of application toa welded sem by or connection. Part A General Requirements 3.1 Limitation of Variables for Prequalified WPSs Al prequalified WPS« to he used shall be prepased, approved, and controlled by the manufactute, fabricator, or contractor as weitten prequalified WPSs, and shall be available to those authorized to use or examine them. ‘The written WPSs shall specify the welding variables for each process. The welding variables set forth in (1) through (7) of this subsection shall be specified on the written WPSs within the limitation of variables pre- scribed in Table 3.1 for each applieable process. For an ‘example of a WPS, see Annex F, Changes in these vari- ables, beyond those specified on the written WPS, shall bbe considered essential changes, and shall requize a new or revised prequalified written WPS, or possibly a WPS. Q) Voltage @) Travel Speed (4) Shielding Gas Composition and Flow Rate (6) Position of Welding (6) SAW Flux Trade Designation (1) Welding filer m clasification(s) and sie(s). 3.2 Combination of WPSs A combination of qualified and prequalified WPSs ‘may be used without a new qualification, provided the limitation of essential variables applicable to each pro- cess is observed. Part B Prequalified Processes 3.3 General The following fabrication processes have prequalified status and do not require testing to demonstrate appl ‘ability. However, WPSs using these processes which do ‘not conform to the requirements of section 3 shall be qualified in conformance with section 4, See Annex D for ‘non-prequalified stainless steel qualification guidelines.‘AWS 01.6:1900 PREQUALIFICATION Table 3.1 Welding Variable Range Prequalified Variables to be Specified in the WPS' (see 3.1) “Amperage or Shielding Gas | Gas Composition or Welding Process | Wite Feed Specd Voltage ‘Travel Speed Flow Rate | Flux Trade Designation SMAW MR DCEP, not Not restricted = = = restricted SAW ‘Mean £10% for | Mean 27% for | Mean #15% for = Flux ade designation cach diameter | eachiameter | each diameter FAW Mean £10%% for | Mean =7% for Rate 425%, -10% | Nominal gas composition, cach diameter | each diameter itwsed aMaw ‘Moan 210% for | Mean 27% for ‘Rate 256, 10% | Nominal gee composition cach diameter | each diameter GTAW Mean 225% Mean 225% Notresticted | Rate 150%, 25% | Nominal gas composition 7 Poston all be spect forall WPS, “MR = letode manufactures recommended ange. 3.4 Welding Processes 3.4.1 Preapproved Welding Processes. Shicided metal are welding (SMAW), gas metal arc welding (GMAW), ‘gas tungsten are welding (GTAW) (including autogenous GTAW), and flux cored arc welding (FCAW) WPSs ‘which conform to the provisions of section 3, Parts C, D, E, FG, and H, may be used for prequalified WPSs, and therefore approved for use without WPS qui tests, See limitations of Table 35. 3.42 Submerged Arc Welding (SAW). Fluxes for SAW of stainless steels are not presently classified by AWS. ‘Accordingly, fluxes cannot be prequalified by their clas- sification, However, SAW with a flux of a particular trade designation and a specific wire clasification shall be considered prequalified for welding prequalified base metals (see 3.6) under the following conditions: (1) Test welds are made under production conditions ‘ave actual production weld, and 2) Test welds are made with that classification of filler metal, and flux of the particular trade designation, and (3) Test welds exhibit at least « 40 Ferrite Number (EN) along the top centerline of the weld bead, and @ strength (see Table 3.3) not less than corresponding base metal, Measurements ofthe FN shall be made with an in- strument calibrated according to the latest edition of ANSI/AWS A4.2, Standard Procedures for Calibrating 4 ‘Magnetic Instruments to Measure the Delia Ferrite Con- tent of Austenitic and Duplex Austenitic-Ferritic Stain- less Steel Weld Mera Otherwise, SAW witha particular filler metal and flux shall be qualified as presribed in section 4 and approved by the Engincer. 3.5 Other Welding Processes Other welding processes may be used, provided they are qualified by applicable tests as prescribed in section 4 and approved by the Engineer. Part C Base Metals 3.6 Base Metals for Prequalified ‘WPSs 3.6.1 Exempt Base Metal. The base metals listed in ‘Table 3.2 may be used in prequalified WPSs; however, 'WPSs using these base metals which do not conform to the requirements of section 3 shall he qualified by test in ‘conformance with section 4PREQUALIFICATION ‘AWS 01.6:1908 Table 3.2 Prequalified Austenitic Stainless Steels (see 3.6.1) Minimo | inimam "ASTM Speciation Tensile | Yield” | Base sirengih | Scength | Meta. | atloy | uns | mat, stes, Pate, beet, Bass, 4 (MPa) | ksi (MPa) | Group! oesignation!| Number | Swip | Tues | _Stip | Tubes | Shapes 70 90) | 25¢7) [A | 30a sous | —alor | ania | —azwo | aia | —Aazto 70,490) | 2507) | a | ste | _sa10s | ator ‘x20 [A009 | Arte 75 620) | 3000) |B 30100 | ater 75.520) | 30000) |B swam ater a rod 75520) _| 30200) B somo | Aie7__ | Azia | azo [ano | A276 75,620) | 30¢@00) |__B 30009 razis_| a2 |_a2ao 75520) | 30200) |B 's30880_| A167 | Aa 73,520) | s0¢@00 | 530000 | _AlsT - ‘Aare 75 (520) | 30200) B soos | Alo? | Aza | Azad | Aso | A276 75 6526) | 3000) |B 530809 Aaa) [A209 75,520) | 3000) |B 530981 ma || amo 75,620) | 3000) |B 30949 | x0 7520) | 30 e06) |B ssosos [Arar | ais | ana] ro 75,620) | 3000) |B ssioo_| aig” _[_azs_[ Axo az _| are 75629) | 39am) | _R susan |_ate7 | ADA “Trae 75(520) | 30200) B 31609 ais | A240 75 520) | 30 000) | __B sui6s_| Als? a0 m6 75 (520) | 3020) |B 3i7_| _ssr7oo_[_ato7 | Azis | Amo | Azad | A276 75620) | 3000) |__p | sire] _ssima_| ato? aaa | azw | aay | 75 520) | 30200) |b | 321] sio100_ | _ator_[_azis | za | _azao 75 520) | 3000) | __B | 320m] siai09 | ater | _azis_| Azo] _Azao 75520) | 30(200) B 347_—|-s34700 | Alo7 | A2i3_| A240 | A249 775620, [30em0 |e | sm_| sero aan | amo [AMD 75(520) | 30 (200) B 348 | ssazo0 | aie7_[Azi3 | A240 | Azo | A276 75 (520) | 30(200) B_ | s4an_[ s34809 Az | A240 | _A2 75 520 | aocanmy | mw | 209 | sono : rd 75(520) | 40 280) B 2 [_s2ni00 | AMT _90,(620) | 38 260) D 7302 | $20200 Amo | Am | ‘90 (620) | 45 (310) D 202 | $2020 A213 a 90 625) | xm [sao Te DL xMI0 | s2I900 95 660) | 35048) |e | 2m | s2o100 ais 95 (660) | 36280) | | 201 | s20100 mas 56) [sea |e | zor | 20100 | a0 95 (660) | 45610) |__& | 201-2 | sani00 200 100 690) | $5480) |e | xneav | s2aoo0 220 | Aw | Ae 100 690) | $58 | F[ xMeR | Saton_ [rane 10060) | 3568) |e | _xM19_|-smoo10 | maa x8 | an 100600, | vais) | e208 | sonso0 = 7 A216 ove 1 Sever alloy designations appear both Base Metal Croup A a Croup The eve Race Meal Ci fr given he metal depen pon the "ASTM Speciation to which las purcaned, 2. Prequalified filer meta foreach Hate Metal Group ae given inthe comespnding Filer Meta Group of Table 3.3, I>AWS D16:1990 PREQUALIFICATION Table 3.2 (Continued) Minimom | Minimum ‘Tensile | Yield | Base [ASTM Specification sieagth | Svength | Met! uns tsi | tsi (Pa) | Group! Number | Pipe _| Casings | Pie _| Fisings | Pipe | Pipe 70,90) | 2507) | A Sw03 | ASI2 ‘Aa | ACO = roa) | 2570) | A 31603 -AsI2 ‘AMB_| Aa 770.490) | 30,200) | _A roe 70 496)"| 3000) | A “Aa90 "70(490) | 30 (200) A D0 70(490)_| 30 (200) A AAO 70 490)"| 30,00) | A a ‘RO "70 490)"| 30 @00) | A ‘A0 70,490) 30(@00) | A = ASD “ro a90) | 30am | A ‘a0 70(490)_| 30 (200) A A430 70,490) [30,200 | —A ro "70 (490) | 30 (200) A AIS 70 (490) | 30(200) |_A “A351 = 70,490) 30,@00)-| A Aas 70,490) 30 @00)| A ‘AiSL “70 490) | 30 @00) | a ‘ASSL 70490) | 30200 | A ‘AISI 75,520) | 3000) |B a6 75620) | 30@0) |B 330000_[ ANE ‘Axt6_[-Aaa_| Ado 754520) | 20@0)_ |B 30409 | ASI ‘AxT6_[ AW 75(520) | 000) |B 30900 = ‘a8 75 30) | 30600) |B '30040_[ AE FN) 75620) | 300200) |B s0m09 | An12 7 75 620) | 3000) |B] Soonce |sw9s1 [asi = 75620) | 3000) |B | sos | swo0s | A312 2a 75 (520) | 00) |p| 316] sie] asi2 AsT6_| Aas | AMD 75 620) | 30000) |B | sia | S316 | A313 ‘x76 _| Ao 75 620)_| 30000 | —B—| 317] S370 asi ‘Acasa = 3000} Bp] aime] sims | asi2 Aas 30 @00)-[ B32 | saaion [ania] |_ase_[-awos_| Ato 75,(520) | 30 (200) B ‘32H 32109 | A312 A376 _| A403 75(520)_[ 30 (200) B 347 ‘534700 | A312 “A376 | A403 [A409 775 (620) | 3000) |B |3a7h | s3a709 | ani2 A376 [Ade ~ 75 520) | 30(200) | _B 348 | s3ae00 | A3i2 ‘A376 | _Aa03 [Aa = 75520) _[ 30 (200) B 348H ‘34809 | A312 A403 75 600) | 35000) | 5 | Coa ARS 71630) | 3545) |__| CPA Asi = 77(530) | 35045) | | CFA ASSL 80,550) | 370255) | Cc | CRMA | ASSL so G20 | 30045) >| xen | -S210ms [AE 30 (620) | 30,345) | —D__[_xM-l0|-s21900_|_A12 00 (0) | 55 | -xM-29 | so4o00 [A312 7 = 100 (696) | Ef -xmer9 | so0910 [as ra) = Nae 1° $Sveral ao designation appear in bth Base Metal Group A and Group 8. The cet ase Meta Graup fora ven base meta Bepems pone [ASTM Specteton to whch was prchase 2, Prequaied iler mtal foreach Bate Metal Group ae given in the coresponding Piller Meal Groep of Tate 33, 16PREQUALIFICATION AWS 01.6:1900 Table 3.2 (Continued) ‘ASTM Specification Minimum] Minimum ‘Tensile | Yield | Base Senath | Sueogih | Meat | Atloy | uns | cast Bars, si (MPa) ksi (MPa | Group Designation’ | Number | Pipe _| Pine Shapes | tobe | Tube casings BGs) [G7 | A [304 | ss000s ie 65.450) | 35.7) |_A_[_S16L__| S608 65,450) [28.(95) | A | cP AB 701490) | 25 (70) [A | 304, | $3000 Aa A 70,90) [35 070) | A316. S31603 Aa A666 70 (490) [28 (195) |__| OG-12 |__| Am 70 490) [30,200 | A | CF20 [ares 70 (90) [30 G0) | A CF-3 ATS 70 C0) | 30-cn) | A] CPN ATS 70 (50) | 30 G00) | A | CF AIS, 70 60) | 30) | A | “crac AT 70 (50)_[-30 200) | A | CF-8M ATS 70 490)_[-30 200) | —A|— Crea ATS, 70 (0) | 3000) | A | CPF Ka 70498) | 30 (200) | ~A | —CPFIM ‘AaSt 770490) | 30 e200) [A ~ CPF ‘Aas Cc 770490) | 30 (200) [A | CFEC ‘AGS "v9 | 30200) | “A | CPIM ‘Aas 730 (490) | 30 e200) | A] — Crm ‘Aas 70490) | 30 (200) [A | Cor ‘ASS 75520) | 30 (200) |B [201 | S000 AaB 75 6520) | 30,00) | 8 [sor —~[-s30100 Kasi | A oe 75 520) | 30 000) |B | io] 30200 AGB| AWB] ASI ASS | A 666 75.520) | 30 G00) |B $30800 ‘A473 [A479 [ASTI [ASA | A666 751620) | 30 200) |B 30009 ABE Aa 75 (520) | 30 0200) |B aa [ASH 75(520) | 30 200) |B 350880 Ras [AT 75 (520) | 90 200) |B 30500 Aa 75 520) | 30.000) | —B 530040 a 75,6520) | 3000) |B 330909 Ag) 75 Ga) | 30m | —B ‘S080 mas [aa AS TAS 751520) | 3020) |B ASS 75 ($30) | 30 (00) |B Sar AGW | AST] A 58 | Aone 751520) | 30200) |B S360 Aa 75,620) | 30 G00) | Su Ras ‘Aa 73 (520) | 30 (200) | —B ASI LASSE 75 (520) [30 e200) |B Bias aa 75 (520) | 30200) |B $31700 Aa Sit [ASE 75 (520) | 30 (00) |B 552100 ‘ASTS | RAW | ASIA SSE 75 (520) | 30 @200) |B S32109 Aa7o | 75 520) | 30 (200) |B S34700 AGB Aare [ASI ASH 75520) [30 G00) |B 34700 AEE ‘Aa 75620) [30 @00) |B S34800 AEB | Aa. 75 520) | 3030) |B 534009 Aa 75(520) [35 245) |B AaB 7 (530) [35 248) |_C KET ‘90 620) [38 260) | —D ao Reb Ross: 1 Sever alo designations appear in bth Base Metal Group A ard Group B. The cove se Metal Grp forgiven bse met depends pon the [ASTM Spectcaion te wich was prchised 2 Prquaifed filer metal foreach Base Mtl Group ae given i the coteponding Filler Metal Group of Table 33. "AWS D1.6:1990 PREQUALIFICATION Table 3.2 (Continued) ‘ASTM Specification Minimum | Minimum ‘Tensile | Yield | Base Sheet, Strength | Stongsh | Meta! | Alloy | UNS | Cast Bars, Bas, isi (MPs) |ksi(MPa) | Group! | Designation! | Number | Pipe_| Pipe |Forgings| Shapes | Tube | Tube | Strips |Castings 90 (620) | 45810) | _—D. 202__| 820200 AaB = ‘90 (620) | 50.85) | —D. 205820500 Aa ‘90 (620) | 50.345) | _D™ [XM [$2190 ‘ATs | AMD Aw 59 (620) | 30348) [—D_| _XM-10_| S21900. ‘AAT 90,(620) | 5043) | —D 21600 Aa 90 (620) [ 50.45) | —D ‘21603 Aum = '95 (660) | 38 260) | —E ‘20100 AWE 95 (660) | 45 (310) | _E| 201-2 | S20100 A666 100 99) | 55380) |_| xnt29 | 524000 Aa 100 (690)] 35 80) | E_[_xM19 | S20010. Aa = 1 Sevetl alo designations sppeat in both Base Me [ASTM Spectcation to which was prchase 2 Meanie ier mus for each ne Mal Gro are given inthe eoneapondg Filler Metal Group af Table 3.3 Grp and Grp The cores Base Metal Group ora given base mea depends pon he Table 3.2 (Continued) Minima | Minin ASTM Specification ‘Tensile | Yield” | Base Stengih | Swengih | Meal | Alloy | _UNS ssi Mea) | tsi(MPay | Grovp! [Designaton|_Number_| Castings | Finis | Tue | Pipe _| Pine Tube Too) | 07) | A S008 ATa | ATH] ART | ASIE AS 70,450) 25 (170) A 531603 ATS | ATISPASIS [ASIA 70 @90)| 30 200)-| A ae = 70 (290)_}30 00)" A ATA 70 650) |30 G00) A ATA 7 4) [30 @00)-| Tae = 70 40) | 30 @00)| A ‘ATA 75 (S00) [30 @00) |B oa00 ‘Raa | ABT AST 75 (530) | 30 200) |B 30009, ABis | Blt 735 ai) [30 G00) —B 0010 ‘Agia | Aste 756a)| 30 G00) |B ‘S30808 ABIS [ASI 75 (520) } 30 @00)_[—B ‘31600 Asis Ast | ABT | 75520)_|_ 30 G00) |B. 31609 ARIS [ASI 75 (520_|30,200)_|B 31700 Asis ;Age] | 751620) | 30 @0) |B S31705 ars | arm | asi | asia 75.520) | 3000) |B $32100 ATM | ATARI | ASIA 75 (S20) | 30200) |B 52109 ABI | ABIS 75 (530) | 30 200) |B $3470 ‘ATH [ATE [ASI [ASIA 75 (oa)) sua) |B S709 ‘Asia | AGIs 75,520) | 30 (200) |B 34600 ‘ABID[ ASia 75 (530) | 0@0) |B. $34809 ABIS [ABTS 75 (20) | 3545) |B Tae 90,620)|-50.G45) [—B. Siw aaa [awe 90 (620) [50 G48) | D ‘21900 Asis | ABid 100 (650) | 85380) | —E $2400 ARIS ASid 700 (650) | 35.480) | —E 520910 ‘ABITLABIS = [Several ao designations spear ia oth Hake Mtl Group A apd Group BT res Base Metal rsp ive se [ASTM Spectcaton to which was purchased 2, Pru ler mts foreach Base Mtl Group ae peat the coresponding Filer Metal Group of Tale 3.3, 18PREQUALIFICATION 3.7 Auxiliary Component Base Metals The Engineer may approve unlisted materials for aux- iliary attachments or components which fall within the chemical composition range of a listed material to be welded with prequalified WPSs. The filler metal shall belong to the corresponding filler metal group (Table 3.3) based upon equal or greater minimum tensile strength of the filler meta 3.8 Base Metal for Weld Tabs and Backing Weld tabs shall be of any base metal group in Table 3.2. Backings may be used provided they are approved by the Engineer. Steel for backing shall be of the same base metal group (Table 3.2) as the base metal, unless ‘otherwise approved. Part D Prequalified Filler Metals, Fluxes and Gases 3.9 Filler Metals 3.9.1 Filler Metal for Prequalified WPS, Table 3.3 lists filler metal groups, based upon strength, which are Prequalified for the corresponding prequalified base metal ‘groups of Table 3.2. In the event that base metals from two different base metal groups in Table 3.2 are to be joined, filler metal from the filler metal group in Table 3.3 corresponding tothe lower strength of the two base metal ‘groups in Table 3.2 shall be considered prequalified, 3.9.2 Electrode or Electrode-Flux Combinations. The ‘electrode. including electrodes for SAW, shall be as spec- ified in Table 33. SAW electrode-flux combinations can be prequalified as prescribed in 3.4.2. Other SAW elec- trode-flux combinations shall be qualified according to section 4, 3.93 Filler Metal Removed from Packages. After filler ‘metal has been removed from its original package, it shall be protected or stored so that its characteristies or ‘welding properties are not adversely affected. Filler met als of different classifications shall not be mixed in one 3.10 Electrodes for SMAW 3.10.1 Parchasing Requirements. Electrodes for 'SMAW shall conform to the requitements of the latest edition of ANSUAWS A5.4, Specification for Stainless Stee! Welding Electrodes for Shielded Meral Arc Welding. ‘AWS 01.6:1968 3.10.2 Electrode Storage and Drying Conditions. Electrodes supplied in hermetically sealed containers ‘may remain in the container, once opened, provided that the container is reclosed at once. Otherwise, once the container is opened, the electrodes shal be stored in an coven at 250° to 300°F (120° to 150°C). Electrodes re- ceived in containers which are not hermetically sealed, whether by desig or by dauunge, shall be redhied word ing to the manufacturer's instructions, then stored until, use in an oven at 250° to 300°F (120° to 150°C), 3.10.3 Manufacturer's Certification. When requested by the Engineer, the contractor or fabricator shall furnish, an electrode manufacturer's certification that the elec- trode will meet the requirements of the classification, and will provide atleast 3.0 Ferrite Number in undiluted ‘weld metal when tested with an instrument calibrated ac- cording to ANSV/AWS 4.2. 3.11 Electrodes and Fluxes for SAW. 3.11.1 Purchasing Requirements. The bare electrodes (Golid or composite) for SAW of stainless steels shall, conform to the requirements in the latest edition of ANSI/AWS A5.9, Specification for Bare Stainless Steet Welding Electrodes and Rods. 3.11.2 Manufacturer's Certification. When requested by the Engineer, the contractor or fabricator shall fernish an electrode manufacturer's certification that the elec trode will meet the requirements of the classification or grade, and a flux manufacturer's certification of the composition, Ferrite Number, and mechanical properties ‘obtained with the particular flux formulation and an elec= trode ofthe same classification. See 3.9.2. 3.113 Storage Conditions. Flux used for SAW shall be ‘ry and free of contamination trom dirt, mill scale, oF other foreign material. All flux shall be purchased in packages that can be stored under normal conditions, for at least six months, without such storage affecting its, welding characteristics or weld properties. Flux from damaged packages shall be discarded or shall be dried at, «minimum temperature of $00°F (260°C) for one hour before use. Flux shall be placed in the dispensing system immediately upon opening a package or withdrawal from an oven, or, iFused from an opened package, the top 1 in (25 mm) shall be discarded or dried as above. Flux that has been wet shall not be used. 3.114 Flux Reclamation 3.11.4.1 Unmelted Flux. SAW flux that has not been melted during the welding operation may be reused after recovery hy vacuuming, catch pans, eweeping, or other ‘means. The welding fabricator shall have a system forAWS D1.6:1999 PREQUALIFICATION Table 3.3 Prequalified Filler Metal Classifications’ (see 3.9.1) ANSUAWS AS ANSWAWS ASS ANSUAWS A5.22 ANSUAWS 5.30 Filler Metal Group A—70 ks (490 MPa) Minimum Teasile Strength ESOL XX ERSIGL ESIOLIXX INaI6L ERSIGLSi RSLGLTLS BCHI6L Group A also inclodes all of Group B base metals of Table 3.2 Filler Metal Group B75 ksi (520 MPa) Minimum Tensile Strength E308LXX ERSIBL. ER08LTXX, TNS08L -E308MOL-XX ER3O8MoL- E3081 MoTX-X INBI6 ER9LXX ERWL ESOLTX-X ER00MoL-XX. ERWOOMOL, E309LMoTX-X ESIGXX ERSI6 ESIOH-XX, ERSIOH BBITLXX ERSITL EBT-XX RMT R3OSLTI-S R3OSLTI-S RMITIS Group B also includes all of Group Case metas of Table 3.2 Filler Metal Group A—80 ksi (580 MPa) Minimum Tensile Strength 1SUPAX, ERGOT ROTC 1N308 308-XX R308 E308TXX E3081 ER308H E308MoTX-X 308Mo-XX ERWEMo EMOTXX F309-XX ER309 EMOOMOTX-X 309C-¥ ERWOMO E309Mo-XX. ER3IT ESIT-XX, ERIS. ESIB-XX ERI6S2 116-8-2-X, Group Caso inched all of Group D ase metals of Table 3.2 Filler Metal Group D—90 ks (620 MPa) Minimum Tensile Strength EDIOXK, R29) Group D als includes all of Group E base metas of Table 3.2 Filler Metal Group A100 ksi (690 MPa) Minimum Tensile Stength 1£200-XX, TER209 E240XX R240, Ine eaesponding ower sl igh silion modificton (nica by incision of Sin te aniiation desgnion ar prequalified long with on version. Ths, he ERGORS clifton presale fo he same base metals ste ERSOS cassifiation, ‘nd so forth Metal cored clecrdes, insted by 4"C" in place of te“ ate peequalfied ely for GMAW and SAW prcese, along wit be “responding wold wire cinsfeaon Tas, the ECHSL clusion i preuaifed with GMAW and SAW forthe sme base meta 5 ERMINE clifton, ads othPREQUAUIFICATION collecting unmelted flux, adding new flux, and welding ‘with the mixture of these two, such that the flux compo- sition and particle size ditrihution atthe welding arc are relatively constant 3,114.2 Melted Flux (Crushed Slag). Crushed slag shall not be considered prequalified. Melted flux or slag removed from a weld deposit may be crushed and used as a SAW flux again. However, it must be recognized that this crushed slag is likely to be a chemically and physically different flux from the unmelted virgin flux. It shall therefore requite separate certification testing (or the particular dry mix of lot of crushed slag, according to the requirements of 3.4.2. The crusher, not the original flux manufacturer, shall be considered the manufacturer of flux anade from crushed slag, or from mixtures of ‘rushed slag with virgin flux. The crusher shall provide certification in accordance with 3.11.2 3.12, Consumables for GMAW, GTAW, and FCAW 3.12.1 Purchasing Requirements. The filler metals for GMAW, GTAW, or FCAW shall conform to the require ments of the latest edition of ANSUAWS AS.9, Specifi- cation for Bare Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes and Rods, ANSVAWS AS.22, Specification for Stainless Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding and Stain {ess Steel Flux Cored Rods for Gas Tungsten Arc Weld- ing, or ANSVAWS AS.30, Specification for Consumable Inserts, 3s applicable. 3.12.2 Electrode Manufacturer's Certification. When. requested by the Engineer, the contractor or fabricator shall furnisi the electrude manufactuter's certification that the electrode will meet the requirements of the classification or grade. In addition, if requested by the Engineer for electrodes for GMAW, and for rods or con- sumable inserts for GTAW welding, the cortfication shall include typical mechanical properties of the all- ‘wold metal, For electrodes and rods classified according, to ANSVAWS A5.22, cetification shall indicate that the specimen for the all-weld-metal test will contain at leat 3.0 Forrite Number when tested with an instrument cali- brated according to ANSIAWS A4.2. For filler metals classified according to ANSVAWS AS.9 of AS.30, ceri- fication shall indicate a calculated Ferrite Number of at Teast 3.0 FN using the filler metal composition and Fig- wre 3.1 3.12.3 Shielding Gas for GMAW, GTAW, and FCAW. ‘A gas of gas mixture used for shielding in OMAW, GTAW, or FCAW shall be of a welding grade having a a ‘AWS 01.6:1900 ‘dow point of -40°F (-40°C) or lower. When requested by the Engineer, the contractor or fabricator shall furnish the gas manufacturer's certification that the gas or gas mixture ‘composition and dew point meet applicable requirements, Part E Weld Sizes for Prequalified Joints 3.13 General ‘The provisions of Part E shall be complied with for the determination of weld size and effective throat of ‘welds made with a prequalified WPS. Joint details that depart from the details prescribed in this section shall be (qualified in accordance with the requirements of section 4 ofthis code and thelr conformance with applicable pro- visions of section 5, Note: The use of weld sizes or effective throats other than. those defined in Part E shall be determined by the use of ‘qualifying tests found in section 4, Qualification. 3.14 Prequalified Fillet Welds “The provisions of this subsection shall apply to joints, ‘where the minimum angle between the joined pieces is, 60" and the maximum angle is 135 3.14.1 Maximum Leg Sizes. The maximum fillet weld size (see Figute 3.2) detailed along edges of material shall be: (2) the thickness of the bave metal, for metal less than 14 in, (6 mm) thick (2) 1/16 in, 2 mm) less than the thickness of base ‘metal, for metal 1/4 in, (6 mum) or more in thickness, un- less the weld is designated on the drawing to be built out to obtain full throat thickness. Inthe as-welded condi- tion, the distance between the edge of the base metal and the toe ofthe weld may be less than 1/16 in. (2:mm), pro- vided the weld size is clearly verifiable 3.14.2 Effective Throat. The effective throat of skewed ‘T-jint welds (see Annex If) is dependent upon the mini- ‘mum angle between members to be joined and the mag- nitude of the root opening. Joints with angles between members to be welded of less than 60° are not prequal- ified, These joints shall be qualified per section 4 based upon the WPS, the minimum joint angle and the mini- 100 face ar distance between members (sce FigureIT THE 995) uaNOD aye BPC [HW PRA—T'e any © 26802 parows ussq erey Sou pow LonRoNpICS ca eR ore WeSC 286;-UM Ot OF RONUED 8] WEBER SL SEN DUE aN 20+ 0m +19 NPREQUALIFICATION wnein? Lem < BASE METAL LESS THAN ‘4 in (6 ra) THICK, BASE METAL 1/4 in. (6 mm) (OR ORE IN THICKNESS “ ® Maximum dete sizeof fitat weld along edgas “The 1/16, (2 mm) dstanco ned not be maintained provided Figure 3.2—Details for Prequalified Fillet Welds (see 3.14.1) ORY > 120° EDGE SHALL BE CUT BACK TO FAGIUTATE THROAT THICKNESS LT musrveo ‘AWS 01.6:1900 3.15 Prequalified Partial Joint Penetration (PJP) Groove Welds in Nontubular Connections ‘The weld size of a PIP groove weld shall be the depth of bevel less 1/8 in, (3 mm) for grooves having a groove angle lets than 60°, but not less than 45°, atthe root of the groove, when made by SMAW or GTAW in any posi- tion, by SAW in the flat position, or when made in the vertical or overhead welding positions by GMAW or FCAW. The weld size of a PIP groove weld shall be the depth of bevel, without reduction, for grooves having the following as detailed angles: (1) A groove angle of 60° or greater atthe root of the sroove when made by any of the following welding pro- ‘cesses: SMAW, SAW, GMAW, GTAW, or FCAW. (2) A groove angle not les than 45° atthe root of the ‘groove when made in flat or horizontal positions by ‘GMAW or FCAW. “EP LeGas SPECIFIED OR SHOWN ON DRAWINGS =U. uJ ” © © . a nt FOR ocoRAL Bae [econ enian Af ‘SIDE < 100" t tat 1.5t \ Soe fori [ im te | 78 we Sie To=i20"[ at —[ tat | 201 ~ Tot Ai rwoe>ar | acta (0) wots a. 2 foteponngote/6i 6 nm) —se0s4 & Hove eb $a Figure 3.3—Fillet Welded Prequ: 2B ied Joints (see 3.28.3)AWS D1.6:1990 ‘The design weld size of a prequalified PIP groove weld shall not be greater than that shown in Figures 3.4 and 3.5 for the particular welding process, joint designs- tion, groove angle, and welding position proposed for use in welding fabrication, 3.15.1 Combined Welds. The effective throat of a com- bination PIP groove weld and a fillet weld shall be the shortest distance from the joint root to the weld face of the diagrammatic weld (see Annex 1). 3.16 Prequalified Partial Joint Penetration (PJP) Groove Welds Tubular Connections ‘The weld sizes for tubular connections shall be deter- mined from Figure 3.17 Prequalified Flare-Bevel Groove Weld Sizes ‘The effective weld size for flare groove welds when filled flush to the surface of a round bar, a 90° bend in a {formed section, or a rectangular tube shall be as shown in, Table 3.4 3.18 Prequalified Skewed Joints Tie effective weld sie uf skewed joins ave depemde ‘upon the minimum angle between members tobe joined and the magnitude ofthe root opening (se Annex I). 3.181 Exceptions. Joints with angles between members to be welded of less than 60" ate not prequaitied 3.18.1 Qualifications. Joints with angles less than 60" and more than 30° shall be qualified by macroetch examination in acoréance with 43.2. The weld size ac- ceptance criteria shall be established by the Engineer 3.19 Prequalified Plug and Slot Weld Sizes ‘The minimum hole diameter or slot width shall be no less than the thickness of the part containing it plus 5/6 in, (8 mm). The maximum hole diameter or maxi ‘urn slot wide Stal equa ness ofthe member containing it plus 7/16 in. (11 mm) or 2-1/4 times the thickness of the member, whichever is greater. 3.20 Prequalified Complete Joint Penetration (CJP) Groove Welds in Nontubular Connections The joints shown in Figure 3.6 for CIP groove wel may be welded without performing the tests described Py PREQUALIFICATION section 4, provided the allowable joint configurations are ‘maintained. 3.21 Prequalified Complete Joint Penetration (CJP) Groove Welds in Tubular Connections “The weld size of a CIP groove weld shall be the thick- ress of the thinner part joined. No increase shall be per- ‘mitted for weld reinforcement. See Figure 3.6. Legend for Figures 3.4 and 3.6 Symbols for Join types B— batt joint C= corner joint T—Tjoint BC— bat or corer joint ‘TC—T- or comer jot BTC — butt, Tor omer joint ‘Symbols Tor base metal thickness and penetration [L— limite thickness-complete joint penetration U— unlimited thckness- complete joint penetration P— partial joint penetration Symbol for weld pee 6 — single-U-groove = double-U-groove 3 double-V-groove 8 — single J-groove |4— single-bevel-groove 9 — double-Fgroove 3 double-bevel groove 10 — Mare-bevel-groove ‘Symbols for welding procesesif not shielded metal are S— submerged are welding G— games are veldg Efe reed ane welling ‘Welding processes SMAW — shiclded metal are welding GMAW — gas metal are welding GTAW — gas tungsten are welding FCAW — flux cored mefal are welding |AW — submerged ate welding ‘Welding positions Ff 11 — horizontal V— vertical O11 — overhead Dimensions R « Root Opening «, B= Groove Angles 1 = Root Face 1 Sas respectively Joint Designation ‘The lower case letters, eg 3b, ee, are used to diferetiate i that would otherwise have the same jointPREQUALIFICATION ee coos ee ene = LV ee ee ae ee | 7 Groove Preparation — a | seam] ee | Be onsen Bete | ain |r [raomera| SESS | SS | BREE (S| ae wold (1) ’ i z a az 4 a eee lke _ Groove Preparation - | eee | es) ee — ramet | | Te |i sec a es ee Figure 3.4—Prequalified PJP Groove Welded Joints (see 3.23.1) 2s‘Aws 01.6:1900 PREQUALIFICATION ‘See Notes on Page 59 Sage But or Comore) a Grove Preparton US Ghumted | 5: opeare Tolerances a Wotina | dont oxFace’ | AeOwiaiea | AsFiup | Wacing. [Wold Seo Prose | Decgraion | Ts, _| Ta | Groowarge | eov523%) | ona) | Poaons |G) | Notes Heo] omnes | we 176 ‘Suan ecre | vemn | U ww, |e | a | os [Lax caw sigh | aio s Faw @ tne] 18 ane Giaw | ocrecr | umn | u nite (aeiiem ae an om slot | tone 3] in coma acres | memn | u wre | “hie r | s | ao say soto | sot | [Double-V-grouve weld (3) — Suan) Groove Preparation eave Me THAIS |S Opsang Telrnose eels ose” | AeDoaiee | AaFeup | wong |Wold Sie r crcove Angie | (e323 | (eoos4) | Potions | (E+E) | Nols a-0 | ane | 912-116 7 gmw | eee snemin | tettomn | “wo | “sing. | ar | Ses, [MRO aor | stato | ioe : Faw sn -0 | 8, a8 aia GMAW | B-P3-GF 316 min 10,0. Al $+, oe mw sah x" | cua | pr 20] 6-0 na oa amin wee | “he re [ss | Aue = +10", -0" +10", ~5* 7 Figure 3.4 (Continued)—Prequalified PJP Groove Welded Joints (see 3.23.1)PREQUALIFICATION Butt (8) rj Sagebover Comer oint () ‘See Notes on Page 59 ‘goove i) AWS D1.6:1990 — Groove Preparation ee snamted | pan oponny Terenas vied sont ox Pace” | AeDataies | AsFitup | ‘Wotdng_|Wold size oeagrason | ts __| Te [anmoange | (owazne | (ooo) | testom [| Noto a0] vie.-0 | +18, 176 a srors | anemia | u | teinemin | nines | “sine. | an | save |W = Sono | stots" “6-0 | 418,196 | EH wicresr | aemn | u Gnomieae | “Zing | tye iowa | vious | MoH | $410 30] 6-0 | oma AO, ropes | riemn | u ano, | “Ee F 8 ‘SAW a0 a “Fort ana nara poaion T= 0.9 Donbi-ba gear weil) a Butont @) oet Sire) as Groove Prepernion (= urine | foot opening ene Permited | Tot Welding | Join Rootfece | AsDetaiog | ASFIUp | ‘Woldng |Weld Sze Process | oosignaton | __T,__| To | Groove Angle | (003.282) | “Go0sa)_| Preis | Es Es) | Notes R-0 | ie,-0 | vim. —56 ak Suaw 8) | ge sroes | siema |u| t-nemn | Unimion | “sine. | an Np, ou aca | Store | siy-5+ a4 | Nix cuaw | 8r0°50 | aan wiie,-0 | vee [FR | SS Ja ae reaw [sroese | seme | | Tie? | Homer | vont | wow | Sie) | Mo a 30] +6 0 . emav | tops | aamn |u| teiamn | woo | “sine F | 868 u aro” | sie | sions | Figure 3.4 (Continued)—Prequalified PJP Groove Welded Joints (see 3.23.1) aAWS D1.6:1900 PREQUALIFICATION Sing U grove wa 1) Burjont Corner jit () ———— Groove Proparaion {(U United) | Root Opening “Taorances oot Face Permits woldng | one Groove Radius] AsDetaies | Aartup | Woldng | Wel Size Process | Dosimaion | Ts _| Ta | Groove Anglo | (s00'3.202) | (sees) | Postions |" (E) | Notes ® FG, 0 | 918,176 MAW 3 giw | core | vom | u | imme | wre | ae | ow | os laax Guaw “ ane 1 sioner | stoves N60 | 8, 1/16 roaw | screr | siemin | u ae a s | ax si0 ANG, -0 uN | screa | ztemin | u pelt F s | aa 1085" "But not roar than Van. Daube-U groove weld a jot Base Metal Thickness eorances Pormiod | Tot Wotding | Joint ‘AsOetaied | AsFtup | Wetdng. |Wela Sze Process | Designation i (003232) | (seo) | Postions | (+E) | Nots “in, -0 | 948,196 ‘swan , caw | ser amin ue ee an | ses, | AMP oman i Soe | are +60 | 918, 16 - wuno | he sy | MRO. roaw | Bere 218 oe |e an | Ses, | MR Foto | sion Sse 306, -0 cuaw wo | he AM, aww | pera ‘min as | oe F | ses, | MM soto | sions “Banat greater han Wit. 7 - Figure 3.4 (Continued)—Prequalified PJP Groove Welded Joints (see 3.23.1) 28PREQUALIFICATION ‘AWS 01.6:1990 Segisr ao wa Butt joint (B) een Corer rt) Base Metal Thickness = ees tac [Ros Opening [ Toran ese Pais vwsdrg | set rea] asonaiea | Aeriup | Wong [Wot Soe woiteg | Jhon | 1, | te [Seat | GeoSinm | Coveah_| romern [Te “| Nowe Teo | v9, -116 suaw : wie | “tine Suan | To-Pe snemin | U aed a6 i) uy site | ote Seco am ae : uw wee. | “eine Lo. cuaw | gover | anenin | uv ito a jos |? | Sole. e0 roaw | tose | mn | u 8 mw | 5s |aox ae sine reaw | ecrore | emia | U aw {os [23% cu soma tiamin awww | rorea | mone |u| io r | os {aso ua Aga eww | coe | zhomn | uv ee Appin to maid corner is «Apples o outside corer joins ‘=Nood not be mare than 1/2. Figure 3.4 (Continued)—Prequalified PJP Groove Welded J« » ints (see 3.23.1)‘AWS D1.6:1990 PREQUALIFICATION See Notes on Page 59 ‘Double-J-groave weld (9) Butiore ‘ Fm ch Emer) ‘Base Metal | “snore ur tininte en wotteg | ont ‘As Detaled | AsFeup | ‘Wolurg’ | Wald So Process | oeagpaton | ot | te teee8.232) | foes) | fener | Et) | Notes = Balan | ges? | RT am saw retvionm | Wea? | ag t Sw | sro | vem | u | te tneimn | Ma! a | ses, | tia [ eae | Sot ox ov1e,0 | 1,176 o EGA | etcroce | semn | u jue |” sing a | sos, | ad, ‘ : Whe soto | sion. d Faw a0 2 eo BTC Fenar , Ae uae sume fu} tama | wea | “sme | og | og, [AES ‘SAW C-P0.S* + 10°, -0" +10", -5° v 20 | Heo cwaw mn. AE rea | cross | gemin | u MQ] ee | oes, | Mee saw * ! sone 20 oro e saw | tees | sume | u pa F fsss | 4 sor “Ap0s to inside corner joints Apple i out corre ois, ‘Need nt bo moc than 1/3. Figure 3.4 (Continued)—Prequalified PJP Groove Welded Joints (see 3.23.1) 20PREQUALIFICATION to henrner a7 ae a E oR |ALL DIMENSIONS IN mm : Ld - . Groove Preparation ee = == ccm ces eran mn erruam| ae wt oe | wea | SE ty ed -_ ure 3.4 (Continued) —Prequalified PJP Groove Welded Joints (see 3.23. (Dimensions in Millimeters) 31AWS 1 PREQUALINCATION S00 Noten on Pon 3 Single-V-groave weld (2) Suton | Corner joint (C) 1 ele ALLOMENSIONS Wm Buuses Mata Thickness Gro mperatir ‘Uri Te opoang |__Toa ewnnea Wwldeg | soe oa Pace’ | AaDaaiea | Asrtop | ‘Woy. |Wea Sze Proce | oecgrasn |__| t» | roan | (au320% | tees | remo |S" | noes sum | acre | omn |u| stim | atic mw [os |sox betel a 60" +10", 0" FoR Gian | eorecr | mn | uv a fos ow - cuaw mw | scree | smn |v r | s [ao Saatevigooe wed Biajoet ALLOWENSIONS Wm Crone Paraton tava i Tk penny |_—__Twese umaea | Tod welting | soe ‘ind Face’ | Aooaaiea | Asrive | ‘woarg. |Wed Size | Peco | ostaton 1 cromeAsgo | Goo32a3) | nos | rosie [ere | Nos 20 ga | ars sin 8 a | 88, [ie FCAW 42,0 7 Maw | B-P3.GF Simin wo Al 8,+8, |ALMP craw soto ax = aw Broa 20min T= Onin U,-0. r + AM. SAW ese | stoi Sr jo Figure 3.4 (Continued)—Prequalified PJP Groove Welded Joints (see 3.23.1) (Dimensions in Millimeters) »PREQUALIFICATION AWS D1.6:1999, Sagebontaone aan Per ere) ALLOMENSIONS N/mm ‘Base Metal Thickness Ee ‘USiimed” To arene | pe, waldng | sort iface" | foooaies | asFicup | ‘wot | waa sie BeeRe | ontttin | ts | [crow taie| Gaon | Gens | recues [ES nin el gear sna smn |v vinie | “2? | om | ss [tio | 7 oe | sts 8 [Nw "B mis uae on J Aya qu |orcoucr | tomm |v uae Hf San ry omni Aye sores | tino |v wie ea: ax nee vi ‘Fart aoa poatan =D ‘Double-bevel-groove weld (5) i Baton eae Elie ALL OMENSIONS nm | ase Metal Thickness: Groove Preparation - Unmted a welding | dot Fadaaiea | astnup | woary. | wou Seo Bese | oedommien | ts | te Gest | feoeah EE) | Noes SMaAW fie 6489 | He sors | omn |v ae tine ‘GTAW ‘Oo 6 tx Gunn | Brose | Torn 720 Carers caw | srcese | iomin | Y 7 won [65 | Mao 7 aL cua tors | come | u wo Ff see one SAN ee io Figure 3.4 (Continued)—Prequalified PJP Groove Welded Joints (see 3.23. (Dimensions in Millimeters) 33AWS D1.6:1999 PREQUALIFICATION Single U groove weld) But joint (8) [Corer oint (6) puouecne ae tol. | Base Metal Thickness a iia eae [ts ae — vag | ost] oma | me | TSS, [rms Wet | ot | n/n [Sema] nes | “ne8ey | ARE MP oe = Sa" | Cas eraw | aces am | u as 2 a s [ax GMAW 2 = a remw | sore | om fu oo | [ow | s [ox : iS | wate | “|S LO te | aut | scate | sine | u Be | |e |e [ao ‘scare ‘Double-U-groave weld (7) ee ee pene eee ree rae | wc | ot ranma | smen | BRE ea ee coos | Srey | RIES | ES] sae ea} as out ie ‘Ne Bat | on | om wm foe sit pple 7 ee 32,0 +32 JES | dee ‘ouaw 7 7 wo 2 vs, | Ame wet | ome | se | |e [ave] ay LES | wate “Batol greater than 6. Figure 3.4 (Continued) —Prequalified PJP Groove Welded Joints (see 3.23.1) (Dimensions in Millimeters) 4PREQUALIFICATION “Apples onside corer irs ‘AWS 01.6:1900 Singi-d-roove weld 6) Butt int (8) ein Carne joint) [ALL OIMENSIONS IN mm Base Metal Thickness Kell (U= Unlimited) | Root Opening Tolerances oot Face Permited welding | Joint Groove Radius| As Detaled | ASritup | Welding | Weld Size Provess | Owsigraton | Ts Te |‘Growwanie | (ww323.2 | (ows) | Pontos |e) | Notes ie 12-0 a2 smaw " 7 wo 2 4.0, Swan | Tope mn | u oa 2 ra s 4 Ho.-0 | s10%-5° le 42,0 7 = Maw to \ ea | c.Per smn | u pat a s |e + 10-0" 42-0 10-0 rcaw | tora | amin | u aa a s |sax +100" _ 42-0 wo say, Fcaw | sorer | amin | u eoee a 8 7 So" 20 Gwaw wo F Maw | topea | timn | U as s [asa #4080" _ 20 omaw wo Asa, amaw | cpg timn | u oe F s [At = +0 0" ‘apples 1 ouside corer ts, ‘Ned not bo more than 12 mm Figure 3.4 (Continued) —Prequalified PJP Groove Welded Joints (see 3.23.1) (Dimensions in Millimeters) 35‘AWS 01.6:1900 PREQUALIFICATION Soe Notes on Page 59 Doubler groore wa Ty Butt ont @) runt (7) Corner ont) ALL DIMENSIONS IN mm saan cosas eiag | Fesopeee a (= Urine’ _| root Face = Pormited | Total | oneal wom | toraan | TORS [wt pere||pceee eee woes | Ress [ets c — +3,-2 Soe) |e (et oeaeee lees ae Ea 12min uv All * sgt | arom oo row a BTC Poa.or* 3 oo 20min u ® S48, saw | crest hate ouaw 2,9 Fea | ceoss | zona | u = F | See as 120 2 En v 2 | sss |S aes *Aoples to ide comer jit ‘Apple o ots comer fr. ‘Nod not be more than 12 mm Figure 3.4 (Continued)—Prequalified PJP Groove Welded Joints (see 3.23.1) (Dimensions in Millimeters) 36PREQUALIFICATION AWS D1.61990 ex cif? ¢ fi seman sen mel stu Fe v= 150"-105" y= 105-90" va90-75" CORNER DIMENSION. Eatye VOin. orm). ‘AND F224, OR ROOT (OPENING 21/16 in. 2 mm) ty r= RADIUS 1.5te MINOR AS REQUIRED TO FLUSH TS UNE suse Gur qmacreven rage wuss) Toc conven soc mareweo Notes: Etfective weld size WE = Working Point Figure 3.5—Prequalified Joint Details for PJP Groove Welds (see 3.28.2) Table 3.4 Effective Weld Sizes of Flare-Groove Welds (see 3.17) Flare-Bevel-Groove Welds lare-V-Groove Welds S/R IDR" Nove: R= mdi of tide src, Use 38 in (10 mim for GMAW. Efetve sire stall be qualified forthe GMAW shor circuiting transfer pres ”‘AWS D1.6:1999 PREQUALIFICATION ‘See Notes on Page 59 Sua wad TT Sune) Carrs) TT i ar + t t et vs fn bila sasoNel Titres | —___800%@Pepaien v Towers = weg | oe ‘epaaieg | AsFiup | \wecing Bee | eatin | | te Get} | CEE | PEER | ates Swat : BHATT ousn | twmem [—| R-t) [evmemna-o| metatacine| al [ANX Go| CS ame ome, stag oom ee Nx Fon | Stier | a mae Reto} eo [sewn Taste Nx ew [ets [seme [fone nea i es x | Square-groove weld (1) 7 7 Sxieee sxcxaouse (occ) TT t at alka “| ‘Groove Preparation base tea Tks Tovar _— vieing | sit ewaiea | Asritup | ‘wed Bee | oudtin |__| oacpening| 6203505 | Mace | et | am | Sana saa | ee me nave [oveenns.-o| sine—Taeie | Al [GNX Fon’ | “Buse | seme sowie sino [atm Baw | a Gua [“BtibG | —asmar | Reowis | sie so | —vine=testm | — al Burs ase 3 Sie i Bias = 6 = F Figure 3.6—Prequalified CJP Groove Welded Joints (see 3.24.1) 38ws 01 PREQUALIFICATION Segoe wal OH Smee Soren Bt) acai Groove Propaaion - Us nimtes Toseanore — welding | Joint Tabaaiee | Aaruup | waking Prowet | oeignaton | T._| ts | Rootopeing | teoszua | (ones) | Pontonm | Note wa nate | twsme0 | oe tani | om [eax ew | teu | wmwme| v Tv a 18, T+ 0 "i BERET comaw 116,-t6 cua | source |aema| u | meow | sine.0 | wine.tat freaw ay] MOH Sia“ ae | a wea Fe owe : = i GC oncxsovae Zi “ar nel us Base Mea Tcknoes Sone eoaaien “= tained | Fe opening | come Permits weidiog | Joe Roafecs’ | Aobaaiea | asraup | wecang Prt’ | oeagrason 1 crow Ange _| feovasea | (eoose) | Postore | Nowe cuaw [Bu z ReowTa«i6 [oh 1K6,-0| NO. 8 sua otese |sHezineo| “nau | on | cnx ou 2m ere | Mee] Marae AoW TESTE [A= 86,0] 6, Tee er | ounce u TobiBsie [fiazine-o| “heiamer™ | om [AGN eoee'” | Mig | Mos | ove vot01 nwo | ssne-0 sav | eis | ovrrwrie t=t0,2ing | “ite e | ow ane ove 2102 “Limited by @ minimum groove depth Figure 3.6 (Continued) —Prequalified CJP Groove Welded Joints (see 3.24.1) »‘AWS D1.6:1900 Sor ae . oa goa | SES 2 eceeceeseesssseses: t SS a : ‘Base Metal Thickness | Welding, Joint ae 7 2 Permitted Welding st | ten || we | a 8 1 max at wx = 2 Shes fs = rs So Sie = pel age |—omaa | am —| pos | atten || cess [memes [Se | BES | ae igure 3.6 (Continued)—Prequalified CJP Groove Welded Joints (see 3.24.1) 40PREOUALIAGATION ws 016108 Sea ote on Fane 50 ‘ Sage gone wat wares ee ‘As Detailed | ‘AS FLU 7 geosaies | Saet oe TT 1 Vaane 8 a Bent Tea wing | dont porated Weng trade | vein restart | nos ‘SMaw | C-U2 ‘A ax _| 7 ox ceuw | cuz ] ax ft RE ir Ra ake ? 3 F 8 Fabs om Ts BACKGOUGE ~ ae meee meta baie ee ee seats teas oa ae wart si oe ear bent eae rato eka «2 ean ‘Base Metal Thickness Groves Preperation oe Root Opening = Permitted votang | sont ore” | somame | aera | ‘Colane E2608 | cotton | crow tite | Gee8 | eS || noe a TM, oe a cae 7 R010 T/221/8 | +7/2« 1/16, -0 | 41/16, -T2< 18 NX cma_| Bim z ere ee | SBEIe, 8 | "Nein _ Seer urate | meen -o | Nageaae a , GUA aor oe hb a Ea es wn Se | aes | cee cw | euscs | venmou | totam | seca | suo elon pt 6 Reston Bp=T=1, : “Lied by a vinirum oroowe denth Figure 3.6 (Continued)—Prequalified CJP Groove Welded Joints (see 3.24.1) a‘Aws 01.6:1900 PPREQUALIFICATION | Sing bv Groove weld) Taoeres | Bur beled) ‘sOstaies | A FLUp (seos2ta) | (e084) Reve -0 | via 16 aio, 0 | 105-6 Base Meta Ticress Wotdng | oan | C2=Uaintoa Seco Preperton Permit Welding Proce | Designation T oot Opening | Groove Ange Posters | Notes ‘SHAW |~"6Uta | Tenino a foen x ‘Gow [Sita | —iaminiot ‘at Ter nx a A oman GMAW | sutecr | 4minou a RE, BW saw | Bums | vmmnou oN Sige Bove groove weld) Toranoes eps re (3 Aa bemied | ABFiLUp ener) ieeoazna | feoos4) K A v6, -0| +14, 16 azsion 9] 10% awk ~ Base Meta Tinese (sun coo Preparation Weidng | Joint £ =a = Porm Welding Process | Designation [Fi Te__ | Poot Opening Poatone | Notes swan | route | aminwu ast a age tame — x, om | Tous | immnor fea a oa a AG, Rane al vie ona SKY GURY | Tousecr |sr6mnwu|stemnwul A= 14 F ¥ ei AiG. R98 a | saw | To-uses | atemntou] 9 mintou;-—B=38 F Jay Figure 3.6 (Continued)—Prequalified CJP Groove Welded Joints (see 3.24.1) 2PREQUALIFICATION ‘AWS D1.6:1900 [ Single-bevel-groove weld (4) =) Salen’ a an — eames = - wise | see faba | fora | ae Peet | oii |r cnteSige | foosie | (Goose) _ | mente | note Sn} bow “| yeaa] asoeres ia] we re 9 ~ Tang caw [eu | anemmes | meetasi® | vm Ingo F aavwTeaie] wie ee wan gterza] a Ame, uw [euwar | vennwu |towtacie | sagine-s (aes R=0 ae caw | eums | aemnou | tiem + | me oa “Tria ewan gos a [Braiebever groove word - [Tjoint (1) MN Corner int (©) Be : “RK recov i ‘Base Metal Thickness Max = — eM ee Trai _ vittng | st raopenee aaa | saree | ate Ho | tion] ns | te | crstohie | Gante | eeS3) | Peter | vows SI [TS Uae” [TOnEUWCanEU] Rea Te se [= ina 9] Whe re Fe com mw | Tous [ine nines |rromnms| tas |sTHzane,-2] Netamer | an | OS ., L—™LmrmrE cu 3S, rom Touwsr| vemnou) vemnwu | ewrasre |itesiis,-3| Naw | a |S ca a= 45 1-0 | HOS RX 7 es coal cw |reuws | semmou|semneu| tine | soci | “ume | or [oye eee Limited by @ minimum groove depth Figure 3.6 (Continued)—Prequalified CJP Groove Welded Joints (see 3.24.1) ryAWS 01.6:1999 PREQUALIFICATION. ‘S00 Notes on Page 59 Double bover groove wold) Buttle (8) Mot (Groove Preparation Mex (Unites | A Opening Tolwanooe Permited Welding | Joint Peotrace | Ae Dotaleg ‘ASFitup | Welding Process | Designation t Grobwe Angie | (e00a24.2) (6205.3) | Postions | Notes ‘SAW Fa 0wT2« i) oes 16-0 | iG T2< 18 away | 64sa ‘erinou | stiasiia-0 | "'Notimied | gy |AB66, cnn Sei aan apa HO" 0" | asp rt0", 8 MN TESTS? [Wis eee nae) sti42 116.0. | ""Notimtes Br, a) ee coe aeperion-o| arpa cion-s | AY | ik “Cited by a minimum groove depth Double bovel groove weld Fyoint commer re «o) aso Metal Tccness Max —— (U'= Unimaoay oe Tolerances pormited wolding | doin RootFace” | AsDeiaiod | AsFRUp | Wold Process | Designation | Ty Te__| roovwAnge | (5003242) | (eves) | Positons | Notes SMAW 0 | vomnoulvemnwou] ®=90T8=10| wae si0,-0 | ri0 Teeie | emaw | To wpe f2otoT2sf8 | iriazirte,-0 | "'Notimtecr | AN GraW_| TOSS | Wemino? | Vemnios] a= 45" “10",-0° 0" 5 W=0i 12s 1B | oT = 16,0 | ING, Tea 8 Foaw | TOUS | 1/8mintoU| vemintou| t=owT2<8 | st4ei6.-0 |" 'Notimied | At 70 +180 saw | ToU5S | 9% mintoU| 9 mintou +0.-108, ‘ste F a= 60" 0 20" 0-5" *Lirited by a minimum groove depth Figure 3.6 (Continued)—Prequalified CJP Groove Welded Joints (see 3.24.1) aPREQUALIFICATION ‘AWS 01.6:1000 S00 Notes on Page 58 Seger Ws Tolranes a) ‘AS Detailed AS Fit-Up Geena | fowos B re ee ee oe = toataaine | O82 fev 18-0 | 6 avo Eo Groove Preparation Wettog | sot ‘Groove | Root Pemites Wolng OE | oocigtion| 7 | Roctopering | ‘iwo | Face Ponte | Notes craw | 6us | tnemnwor [A-owra 10] amas" o Gis [Single-U-groove weld (6) ‘Tolerances Te etaloa | AaFHUp gecasts | feces Bestia 6 | a6, ‘0 Si ano | HO" Tesi = 116 | Not nied reste 18,-0[ +118,-0 tnt) Groove Preparation Weidng | — dont oat [Groae] Root | Groowe] Permites woking Proves |oecgnaton| Ts | Te | Openng | ‘Ange | Paco | Radus oatons are mn] a2 ma] R= 010 T= 1 t= T2600 r= T= 04 a ous wu 0U [Row Tele fate < tml rTP <1 OW sua Te Tesi [eT A e ste |r= tet 6 cum [se rilanemn| "= 2072= 10 teresve)reresv4| At WOU | UY | aortas 18 | a=20"|t=T2<18/r= T2514 F.OH — Tenn) eam alee 7 onan | BUF | EG"| Eg"|Reow reste lara |re veer] mmene| 7 FAW Cueor | m6] Wma. owt. 10 (== 06] (Tee ~ ow [eoues [2m] ne] avo ‘enn | rosin F “Limited by a minimum groove dopth, Figure 3.6 (Continued)—Prequalified CJP Groove Welded Joints (see 3.24.1) 45AWS 01.8190 PREQUALIFICATION see Notes on Page Bose pao wl Tore Paton) ee (8) “As Detailed ‘As Fit-p_ Geoaaes | Geeks ForBUTamBUrSF Rests ne -0] HB aaa [ sO Theta [Roe Restate -o| aie | raeuS | ao | Te a TT Suse vo cote Tonite roo raaton woking] sot at_—[Grome] Rot] Gemw | Pamtos Wetng Proce |ooderaion| opera | np | Poss | Rese tne ReowT2= 18 | ana |tat2«10| =Te22 14 a sm] sur | seminoy c Azowtas ia [aaa |tatas10|roT2=14| ROH 5 | . AC, ow oma’! surcr | semnwu [r-owrzeve|a92°| 1-19 | rev4mn “ a : ie) ‘SAW | BC-U7-S ‘V2 min to U Ano a= 20° | f= 1/4 max | r= 1/4 min F ou “Tied by nu doe ph ‘Single J-groove wold (8) Tolerances Baton 7 ataied | AaFLUp Geosaes | Coos Ae sTeatie-o[ 6-0 Te Ss neo | haa Wests [ aie xcxcOUsE Bae tal hanes ey roe Prpeaton — wieson | ee Tea Gone] fox | Gene | ‘waane POE | odin | ont fee | Sats | Se | note SMAW. Bue ‘332 min toU R=0t0 Br,C,N, ‘GTAW B18 9/32 min to 1 Tse 1a Ts 18 = x uni Rao GMAT euscr | veninou | 8=08 a ARS] sav” [Bus | —aeninwo—[— azo Fen *Limted by a minimum groove dept, Figure 3.6 (Continued)—Prequalified CJP Groove Welded Joints (see 3.24.1) 46PREQUALIFICATION ANS 01.8000 ‘See Notes on Page 50 Siage-qraore weld) = Tances rome) mer ee) “as Baiatea | Aa PRUe (seos242) | (eee. Hastie 116 | vii, -0 “0, Noted a6 ‘Us Unimiady Welding | sot Pormited Welding Process | vecgnaton | ty | Te Poatong | Notes ee] SRB | OE a TN Cin. ouaw | rouse | S82 _* a Gama Gin, mw | rouse | 2m F.oH 4 ‘GMAT aemn ACy Foaw | TC-U8a-GF | toy = AVX : 3 mis GR, saw | Teves | 2m F 4 “Tine by anima groove deh ‘Double-J-graove weld (9) = “Tolerances: Bat ont B) Aepeied | ABrRUp fseosze2) | (se053) Satie 6,0] 6,0 Tete 16,0 ie 8-0 Basset Ticoss (US Usimted) ‘Groove Frperaton Wilding | dont Foot] Groove | Root |] Groove | Permitoa Woking | Process | Decimation 1 corenna | og | Face _| Rives ‘sti Notee suaw_| 609 | SammwU | —Anow |, 4g] Tot? [vate a 8:6, ‘amw [619 —[—saeminios | tee | °-* | ‘Dye | ‘tae Mit ‘GMAT wenn U 7-38 ABC, BUOGF = tin, nin a MANX “Lined by sinioum groove depth Figure 3.6 (Continued)—Prequalified CJP Groove Welded Joints (see 3.24.1) aAWS D16:1990 PREQUALIFICATION Dowie soo weld . ~Taterancos rjc) Corer ont) ‘as Datates | AS FLUp Geos2n2) | (e008: +1116,-0 Hoe Not ited | Max (U = United) Groowe Proparation welding | Joint Foot | Groove | Root | Groove | Permitted Welding Process | Designaton | Ts te | opening | “Angle | Face | Radus Psttons Notes > aon State [rear , CaM sua [rouse | scemnou | nas | oe [aH a oe rama reine aaeanea ‘OWT | aap | fete | reste a oa ~} AG, cwaw GMAW | roamecr | amma | U aa al way, *Liited by a minimum groove depth Figure 3.6 (Continued) —Preq ified CJP Groove Welded Joints (see 3.24.1) 48PREQUALIFICATION ‘AWS 01.6600 ‘Seo Notes on Page 58 Suara ove wed) : Butjont ®) Borner ©) 7 + ++ % h al at, ALLOIMENSIONS nm a Laalen Base Metal Thickness Groove Preparation (UsUnimted) wetting | sant 7s Deana Proceed | oacgraion |__| Ta | Root Opening | (eon 3242) Notes ‘SHAW SA | eua | ome | — v4a2-0 | sece-tece | At [ANX ea] 8 ema] 0 Was20 | sae0,tasa | Al NX Foaw | stier | tome | ruie-taze | [nx ‘Saw [811-8 | toma Wasetas2 |r | N Spare gre wad supe BAcKGoUGE (excerr ous) ran a t L as AL OIMENSIONS IN mm ath Groove Preparation Base Metal Tekness Teraneee —— Wilding | sont 7s Detaled As Fue Wwersna Presse | vedgion t FootOpening | (6003349) (eos Pease | Note Bu omer neve | etmen0 | 12-100 a [onx SoeF Tome Redes | 2-9 2-18 A [eNX Stee iemat sows [138 Tse Re Burs Tomax o 20 20 FW Biss eax Reo Fa 120 - Lew Figure 3.6 (Continued) —Prequalified CJP Groove Welded Joints (sce 3.24.1) (Dimensions in Millimeters) ro)AWS 1.61990 PREQUALIFICATION == ray fe Dat | ALL DIMENSIONS IN mm_ te ao es one oe wits | eaten | [| notcoriy | SSE | SER ‘SMAW To-Lib max | U Tye $7420 42,-Teao GTAW Rete ria = 2, Te =. co ‘SAW. Tes | 10max | U R=0 +0 2 [SingleVgroove weld @==~=~=~S~*S . ae Fy ALL DIMENSIONS IN mm raf ee | Base Metal Thickness 7 Lest eieamage|-——_—_ecr — rales gee ep eee | BS ween |oatten| | eee [mS | EET | EE [tee ganny 2M flowracs | stiazz-0 | Netimteg" a foNx inicio a= 60" +10", 0 +10", 5° ws + 10°,-0" +10", -$" x owawe “Limited by @ minimum groove depth Figure 3.6 (Continued)—Prequalified CJP Groove Welded Joints (see 3.24.1) (Dimensions in Millimeters) 50PREQUALIFIGATION ‘AWS 01.6:1989 Notes on Page 50 Single V-groove wold @) oo anes But jon (2) ae ‘a Detaled | AsFiLUp (eo08.242) | (eee. Fie 02,0 as 9107-07 ALL DIMENSIONS IN mm eee an (Us United) Groove Preparation oe Process | Designation T Root Oponing| Groove Angie Postons Notes | swaw_|—e-uza u A aa ‘Al RX omw | paz 2 8 a be : = R cee |X A ‘Al ANX cuaw GMAW | Buanor u R Al ANX aa lee B. ‘Al ANX caw | Saas | “so mae 7 r w saw | Bu2s u f F N Single. V-goove weld @) But it (3) ALL DIMENSIONS IN mm “Bea : (Groove Proparaton HemessM% | Root Opening = Pormited Weding | Joint Root Face, ‘As Dotalod ‘AsFiup | Weldeg Process | Designation T Groove Angle | (6003242) (e054) | Positons | Notes Az0wt2<3 | stH=2-0 real ap omw | si | 2minw2s | tsowrese | stieet-o sotest a |e ets 0-1 as Figure 3.6 (Continued) —Prequalified CJP Groove Welded Joints (see 3.24.1) ‘(Dimensions in Millimeters) 3AWS D1.6:1990 PREQUALIFICATION, ‘S00 Notes on Page 59 Single Vgroove wold @) “Tolerances Boos ‘atau | SFR seams [fees a ieee Le ro 7 tt tek ‘ALL DIMENSIONS IN mm u ‘Base Metal Thickness 7 -- c= mg Welding Joint 7 Permitted Welding Bom | etihon [| % Mae an Sauer ‘a ox a ox cow | om a oe GMAW | cunsor ar ROX a — [Rox sar [eos = ¢ ‘SAW Cu2S F a} Sai goo wa Butt joint (B) BACKGOUGE ALL DIMENSIONS IN mm Base Mota Thickness ass = Root Opening donc) Permited Wesing | Jont Root Face | AsDelaies | AaFRUp ‘welding Process | Designation r Groowe Ange | (003242 | (eoo54) Postion Bub a woTie SI16 in. (5m) (see 3.29 and Tab 3.5 Note 4). Jord te wetded tort one mide oa ‘Gycic load appetons tnt these jist the Norcal postion, Backgouge eat to sound metal before welding second side. oot wolded trom one side. Backgouging not required provided adequate gas purging is used For GTAW, Sls ited to tin, (29 mm) mae, Fit welds may bo used to reinoree cornor ana is, ‘rt ana Toms are nx presuates fr cyeteay Woaded SrUCUreS. DDoubie-goove welds may have grooves of unequal depth, but the dapth ofthe shallower groove shal be not lees than one fourth ‘ofthe theknese ofthe thinner part ned Doubie-goove welds may have grooves of unequal dept. “The orinttion af vo member In tho jens may vary Wom 195° to 180" provided that he basi ont coniguration (roove ange, Feat fae. reat opening) remain the same and thatthe desion wold size is martained "The momber orontatien may be changed provided tal tho groove dnensone ae maintained a specie, ‘The orentaton of two mambers [nto Jlrs may vary trom 45°10 195" fr eames ons an tom 45" 0 90°for Tins, provided thatthe basi joint coniguraton (groove ang, font ac, ront opening) romain the same and thatthe design wold sia s main- tained For corner ons, the outs groove preparation may ben ther o both members, proved the base groove conguration isnot ‘hanged and adequate edge distance is malnained to support the welling operaions wihout excessive edge meting. ‘A positon wih sutable amparage or heat sink. For tube welding, te dametor ofthe tubo shall bo 1/2in. (12 mn in. (Consumable inserts may bo Used. Qoger RQ ZR REET AEX SAWS 01.61990 Part F Prequalified Nontubular Joint Details 3.22 General ‘The provisions of this subsection cover the require ments for prequalified status for joints with fillet, PIP, AP, plug, slot, or flare-bevel groove welds in nontubular 3.22.1 Minimum Joint Requirements, Joints mooting the following requirements are designated as prequalified (1) Conformance with the details in Table 3.4 and Figures 3.2, 34, and 3.6. (2) Use of one of the following welding processes in accordance with the requirements of section 3: SMAW, SAW, GMAW, GTAW, or FCAW. 3.22.11 Joints meeting these requirements may be used without performing the WES qualitication tests pre- seribed in section 4 3.22.1.2'The WPS for all joints not meeting these requirements shall be qualified by tests prescribed in sec- tion 4 3.23 Partial Joint Penetration (PJP) Groove Welds 3.23.1 Prequalified PJP Groove Welds. PJP groove welds are detailed in Figure 3.4. 3.23.11 Definition. Except as provided in Figure 3.6, groove welds without steel backing, welded from one Side, and groove welds welded from both sides, but with- ‘out back gouging, are considered PIP groove welds for purposes of prequalification, 3.23.2 Dimensions of Groove Welds. Dimensions of groove welds specified in 3.23.1 may vary on design or , Mi 7 aoe | ", | eos ae J ves manures sma wm Ie MATE EW = MM SNE, Ee eee ee a = a: « oo a ao : G So ‘Note: Where the maximum pate thickness usod in producion is less than the valve shown inthe table, tha ‘maximum thickness of he production placos may bo suited for Tt and 2. Figure 4.5—PQR Fillet Weld Specimens (see 4.4.1) 8‘QUALIFICATION ‘AWS D1.6:1900 DIRECTION OF RENT MACRO SPECIMEN _— 114 SECTION BENDIBREAK MAXIMUM FILLET SIZE = ‘START AND STOP OF WELD NEAR CENTER OF BEND ‘T=WALL THICKNESS. T MAX DETAIL PIPETO PLATE ASSEMBLY DIRECTION OF BEND 114 SECTION BEND/BREAK Sr ~ MAXIMUM FILLET Size T= WALL THICKNESS OF LOWER PIPE ain Tateine in fern a 3mm START ANO STOP OF WELD a NEAR CENTER OF BEND DETAIL C—PIPETO PIPE ASSEMBLY ‘General Note: Ether pipe pate oF pipo-o-pipe may be used as shown [Al dmmensions in inchs and (mlimetes) Figure 4.5 (Continued) —PQR Fillet Weld Specimens‘AWS D1.6:1909 QUALIFICATION AMIN = 9/4 (20 mn) fem wn 7 = SPECIMEN THICKNESS 2A + 207 + 16 i. [2 mm) Notes: Te Ether nardoned and greased shoulders or hardened ret nto ott shal be used, 2. The shoulders or rolors shal hve a minimum bearing length of 2 (60 mm) fr placement of he specimens. ‘5. The shoulders or rollrs shal be high enough above the bation ofthe testing ji 80 thal he specimen wil lear the shoulder or ors hen the plunger Is the ow poston. 4 The pungor shale tad wit an appropriate base and provision foratlachment to the testing machine and shal be designed © min- mize detlecion or misalignment. 5, The shoulder or Toler Suppons May De made achatalty Uw Hzotal decton so tht specimens of various thickness may bo {9sted inthe same ji 6, The shoulder or olor supports shal be fed to base designed to mainain the shoulders or rollers centered and aligned with ro- spect othe plungor, and mnimze delocton or misalignment. 7, The pngor radius, A, shal be determined om the nemogram in Figure 4.9. Figure 4.6—Bottom Ejecting Guided-Bend Test Jig base metals shall be considered as qualification to weld 4.7.8.1 Immediate Retest. An immediate retest may ‘any one of the base metals permitted by this code. For all be made consisting of two welds of each type and posi- types of welded joints, the length of the weld and dimen- tion thatthe welder or welding operator failed. All retest sions of the base metal shall provide sufficient material specimens shall meet all the specified requirements. tor the test specimens required by this code. With the ap- proval of the Engincer, performance qualifi 4.7.8.2 Retest After Further Training or Practice. ‘coupons may be with any of the steels list ‘Artest may be made, provided there is evidence that the ‘AWS D1.1, Groups [of Il, Qualification established with Welder or welding operator has had further training or diy one of tive bese metals shall be considered as qual practice, A complete retest of the types and positions ification to weld any of the base metals permitted by this. failed shall be made. onde : 4.79 Period of Efectiveness. The welder of welding 4.76 Joint Details. Performance qualification test on operator's qualification a8 specified by this code shall be plat. pipe o bing shall bein accordance withthe Joint considered as maining in elect indefinitely une: etal prescribed by the WPS. (the welder or welding operator has nt welded 4.7.7 Records. Records ofthe test results shall be kept With process during a period exceeding six months, his by the manufacturer ar contractor and shall be made ‘ilifcations for that process shall texminate, or; available to those authorized to examine them. ee ee ability, 4.78 Retest For Performance Qualification. In case 2 welder or welding operator fails to meet the requirements 4.7.9.1 In the case of 47.9(1), the requaification test Of one or more test wells, w lest ay be allowed under shall be in any position on pipe, tube or plate, and any the following conditions: thickness or diameter. 80‘QUALIFICATION AWS D1.6:1990 }- 1s near ‘apeeo ous ro su ee ‘ea asin runcen wenen A ouension “| as neoumen fo Pa tore C ts F we | | sou.pen nanoeneo (28.8) AND GREASED- Peg " | = Neal pt By : Ty! Ty a ev (714) 5-16 1 - vamel b sae) Raa es ain | G9) Te (143) 7) \ ae . sd t HARDENED ROLLERS ‘aim (98.4 am) IN a + | BEER MA BE bo] ave s/ b—-c—] \o SUBSTITUTED FOR ‘soa co ale = Sie SHOULDERS |-— 37 —.| oe —/ (oa) Newser /+————o ems) “ig Dimensions for 20% Elongation Plungor Radio, A Die Radios © in nm ny mm in 38 25 3 190 a6 T ar Aas 6 1 "Tapped holes of appropriate sizo, or other suitable means for attaching plunger to testing machine 2 lh hardened ard greased shoulders or hardened rolls fre orate shal be used inde 8, Tho plunger and ts base sal bo Gosgned to minimize defection or misalignment. 4 The specmen shal be forced into the Ge by appying te oad onthe plunger unl the curvature ofthe specimen is such that an 1/8 in. (@ mm) diameter wie cannot be placed Betwoun the secon anda ports th curvature of th de mambor of Tho ji. The plunger radus. A shat bo ooterminen rom ie nomegrar n Fgure 4 2. The oie rads, 8, shallbo equalto As T+ 1/16in. (1.6 mm). ‘Wold size inccatod ta recommendation. The actual ie the responsibilty ofthe user to ensure igity and design adequacy Figure 4.7—Bottom Guided-Bend Test Jig (see 4.6.3.1) at‘AWS 01.6:1900 ‘T= SPECIMEN THICKNESS LA Notes: ‘QUALIFICATION ROLLER ANY DIAMETER, 1 Ras shallbe as specied, or a determined from the somogram in Figure 49, Dimensions nat shown are the option ofthe de- Signer except that the minima with of tho coms ns shal bo 2. (50 me), poner 2, THe essential to have adequatorigy 20 that the wil rot detect during tating, The specimen sal be fl clamped on one end ‘so tha doos not sie during tho bonding operation, 8, Test spocimens shal be removed tom tho 9 hon the outer rll has traversed 180" from the starting point. Figure 4.8—Alternative Wrap-Around Guided-Bend Test Jig (see 4.6.3.1) 4.7.9.2 In the case of 4.7.92), the requicements of 4.7.8.2 shall apply. 4.7.0 Test Speci ator Qualification 47.101 The welder or welding operator qualification {est shall conform to the thickness, diameter and position limitations of Tables 4.3 and 4.4, For removal of test specimens see Figures 4.14, 4.15, and 4.23. 4.7.11 Test Positions For Groove (G) and Fillet (F) Welds. See Table 4.4 for production welding posit qualified by test postions. yens For Welder and Wel ing Oper- 4.7.12 Tack Welding. It should be noted that this code does not recognize tack welders as such; tack welding to this code shall be performed only by weldets of welding ‘operators qualified to the requirements of ANSVAWS Dis. 4.8 Limitation of Variables for Welder Performance Qualification 4.8.1 Process. A welder shall be qualified for each pro- cess used. GMAW-S (short circuit transfer) shall require 1 separate qualification from GMAW (globular or speay transfer) a2 48.2 Blectrodes. A welder qualified for welding with an electrode identified by F-number in Table 4.5 shall be ‘considered qualified to weld with another electrode in the same F-number designation using the same process. 4.8.3 Electrode and Shielding Medium. A welder qual- ified with an approved electrode and shielding medium combination shall be considered qualified to weld with the same electrode F-number as classified in Table 4.5, and shielding medium combination for the process used in the qualification test. 4.8.4 Position. A change in the position of welding to ‘one for which the welder is not qualified shall require requalification. See Table 4.4. 4.8.5 Diameter Limits. A change from one diameter ‘grouping as shown in Table 4.4 to another shall require requalification. 4.8.6 Weld Progression, When the direction of welding progression is vertical, a change in the direction of welde ing shall require requalification, 4.8.1 Backing. The omission of backing ot a backing. ‘gas in CIP welds welded from one side shall require requalificationQUALIFICATION ‘AWS 01.6:1908 ° Lance }— 10) | ates) |— v4.6 L-ar6ie [—s8,10) | res waa) |anrecs) —58(16) ‘SPECIMEN THICKNESS, Ti, (om) [BEND RADIUS, AINCHES (ven) By Lib bbb bh Lineqs) f— 34020) 1 | sare) 254) | — 7822) 18824) 105) ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES AND (MILLIMETERS) Te tis goneraly recommended thatthe specimons forthe bend tests bo approximately /8 in. (10 mm), However, he specimen thick hess may be any valve witin the range given above ae dictated bythe matoral hekness, avalae equipment, or the appicable Spectication. 2, Hleguited soouracy of measuromont is as fotlws {G) Specimen thesnoss: =1/64 in. (04 mm), {2} Elongation 1 percent (0) Bend rague: £1716 (1.6 mm). dard requires a mrimum elongation of 4, When appv te nomogam data igs that wil provide 20 percent erent. the specimen Is 7/16 in. (1 mn) thick, tne is drawn between noe vad wich woud bo 78 n 22 mM percent elongation may be used or ary metal having an elongation over Figure 4.9—Nomogram for Selecting Minimum Bend Radius (see 4.6.3.1) 83AWS 01.6:1900 QUALIFICATION tt Phyo ! 1 125 7 ol 750 - 7 — ‘4 (Gm) Notes: 1 be 4 in. MINT, (em) 3PECIMEN THICKNESS OR THICKNESS OF TEST WELOMENT () PER NOTE 2 1, Thin shoot metal being tested tends to tear and break noar the shoulder. n such cases, dimension C shall be no greater than 1-1/3 times W. {est oqipme ‘Weld reinforcement and bathing wip i ay, sa be rermovea tush withthe sutace ofthe specimen, |Whon th tickness, of the test weldments such hat would not pov a specimen wih the capacity iittons of he avaiable ‘he specimen shall be parted trough ts thicknoss ino a8 many specmens as fequod ‘Tho long ofthe reduced sections shall be equal othe wish ofthe widest porton ofthe weld plu 1/4, (8 mm) on each side, Figure 4.10—Transverse Rectangular Tension ‘lest Specimen (see 4.6.6.1) 48.8 Weld Deposit. A change in the weld dopositthick- ness for the process qualified, as prescribed in Table 4.3, shall require requalification, 48.9 The additiou ur deletion of a consumable insert in a CIP, single side, open root weld joint shall require requalification. 4.9 Limitation of Variables for Welding Operator Performance Qualification Electrode and Shielding Medium. A welding op- ‘fator qualified with an approved electrode and shielding medium combination shall be considered qualified to weld withthe eae electrode P-number a lasted in Table 4S and shielding medium combination for the pro. ces used in the qualification test. 4.9.2 Extent of Qual n Using Multiple Elec- trodes, A welding operator qualified to weld with mul ple electrodes shall be qualified to weld with a single electrode, but not vice vers 4.9.3 Extent of Qualification for Semiautom: Welding. Welders qualified for semiautomatic are weld- ing shall be considered qualified for single electrode ma- chine welding in the same process(es) subject to the limitations of 4.8. The welding operators should receive training and demonstzatetheit ability to make satisac- tory welds, 49.4 Position. A change in the position of welding to ‘one for which the welding operator is not already quali- fled shall require requalificaion, 4.10 Types, Purposes, and Acceptance Criteria of Tests and Examinations for Welders and Welding Operators 4.10.1 Visual Examination. To determine that the final weld surfaces meet specified quality conditions. Al pe formance qualification test coupons (except areas desig- nated discard") shall be visually examined, 4.10.1.1 Acceptance Criteria (Visual Examination) (1) The weld shal be free of cracks. 2) Weld reinforcement shall not excced U8. in mm).‘QUALIFICATION ‘AWS 01.6:1909 1 in. (25 mm) (TYP) 750 / 18 / VY - 4 Jeo alm 2m 7 me) MN be en |. 101. (250 mmm) APPROX, +} { = THICKNESS OF THE PLATE SECTION AS PER APPLICATION SPECIFICATION. “T= THICKNESS OF TENSILE SPECIMEN AS PER APPLICATION SPECIFICATION, Dimensions = Specimen 1 ‘Specimen 2 ® oo in mm We width 12005 221 502 0125 4023 = with of wold 0.50 approx 12 approx 0,75 approx 20 appro. ‘© nominal with fsoaion +5 0 20 0 Notes: 41 Tho wold reinforcomont and backing, I any, shall b removed 2. The wid, B, ofthe weld may be vatlod fo appcaximatay Wi? by selecing an appropiate specimen thickness, T, and its location 38, The wath, W, may be varied within ot Not 2 4, The tip section of the specimen sha be symmetica, wth the centaine ofthe reduced secton within 1/8 in. (3 mm), = W/2 ts ot possible to mest the requirements on to accommodate tho apprximatoly ot Figure 4.11—Tension Specimens (Lougitudinal) (see 4.6.6.1) ) When accessible, the root of the weld shall be in- 4.10.2.2 Substitution of RT for Guided-Bend Tests. speeted, and there shall be no evidence of cracks, incom- Radiographic testing of the test weld may be used at the plete fusion, or inadequate joint penetration, A concave contractor's option in liew of mechanical testing withthe root surface is permitted, provided the total weld thick- exception for joints welded by GMAW-S (which must be ness is equal to or greater than that ofthe base metal bend tested) ——————— 4.10.23 Guided-Bend Test Specimens. For mechan- ical testing, guided-bend test specimens shall be pre- pated by culting the test specimen as shown in Figure 4.4, whichever is applicable, to form specimens approxi- ‘mately rectangular in cross section. The specimens shall, 4.10.2 Guided-Bend Test, To determine the degree of soundness and ductility of groove-weld joints. (Groove ‘weld performance qualification test shall be guided-bend tested). be prepared for testing in accordance with Figures 4.16 4.102.1 type and Number of Guided-Bend ‘tests, “Moush 420. ‘The type and numberof test specimens that must be tested __ 4.10.24 Acceptance Criteria for Guided-Bend Tests, to qualify a welder or welding operator by guided-bend ‘The convex surface of the bend test specimens shall be testing are shown in Table 4.3, ogether with the range of visually examined for surface discontinuities. For accep- thickness that is qualified by the thickuess of the test tance, the surface shall contain ao discontinuities ex- plats, pipe or tubing used in making the qualification. ceeding the following dimensions: 85‘AWS 01.6:1990 (QUALIFICATION WELD TO BE APPROXIMATELY (CENTER OF GAGE LENGTH . mem [ tr FT T° th (GAGE: fey FOR ALTERNATE SPECIMEN, MACHINE THE MINIMUM A ‘AMOUNT NECESSARY ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN (REDUCED ‘TOOBTAIN PARALLEL FACES INCHES (MILLIMETERS) ‘SECTION) (OVER THE REDUCED SECTION. Seaman wad a ca cence Tas mitsoa eam a sem 2 mavens teste ER, oa 3 1411602522) 1-12 (40) approx 2e(600) | estos) 2.04 67 ey aman ee ones ar 5m sis “The weld reinforcement and backing, any, shal be removed fish wth the specimen, ‘Atermate specimen shall ot be used fr nominal wall kn loss than S/n (10 rm). Cniy rp sections ofthe specimen may be fatiened, Inthe case ol wal thickness specimens, cross sectoral aroas may bo calculated by multiplying W and ‘is the thickness of the test specimen as provided for nthe applicable specication. "ne roaucod secton sha be paral witun 0.010 (0.25 mn) and may Nave a radual taper in with rom te ends toward te con- {er with to ends not more han 0.010 in. (0.25 mn) wider han the contr. ‘The tp secton ofthe specimen shall bo symmtical, with the conterine ofthe reduced section within 1/8 in. (3 mm) Figure 4.12—Tension Specimen for Pipe Size Greater Than 2 in, (50 mm) ‘Nominal Diameter (see 4.6.6.1) (1) 1/8 in. (3 mm) measured in any direction on the 4.10.3 Radiography Testing. To obtain a volumetric surface. evaluation of the test specimen. (2) 3/8 in. (10 mm)—the sum of the greatest dimen- sions of all discontinuities exceeding 1/32 in, (1 mm), 4103.1 If radiography is used in fiew of the pre- but less than or equal to 1/8 in. (3 mm). seribed bend test, the weld reinforcement need not be @) 1/4 in, (6 mm)—the maximum corner erack, ex- ground or otherwise smoothed for inspection unless its ‘cept when the commer crack resulted from visible slag in- Surface irregularities or junctures with the base metal clusion or other fusion type discontinuities, then the 1/8 would cause objectionable weld discontinuities to be ob- in. 3 mm) maximum shall apply. Specimens with corner scuted in the radiograph. (See 4.10.5.) Ifthe backing, is cracks exceeding 1/4 in. (6 mm) with no evidence of slag__removed for radiographic testing, the root shall be inclusion or other fusion type discontinuitcs shall be dis- ground flush with the base metal. regarded, and a replacement test specimen from the orig. inal weldment shall be tested, Failure of this specimen 4.10.3.2 The radiographic procedure and technique shall require requalification shall be in accordance with the requirements of section 6. 86cururicarion sav 01 61609 Sarid Omen @ ® 8 @ ne Torah wisiveion Seo Seothigs Stowe Seo haw >-Dlanetr osoo=0si0 —osms00or—«seatosoms ren 0008 Ras 28 me ‘ion sn8 mn ‘nin Eotergh ond secten sameomoe magn, 1 Dame tend ecin oe 2 ss i Tani Di = @ fb) @ (a) 12sGeamen __sardbtanen asin 470 Sbtnan inghvoaveiedon wots Bookie Soot Seetwies o- Damar var soas Boz0%8 eas0rs s7ez008 Aan it oan cs nn ‘ann seme Lang fend scton Simp BABA 7 Damo fan eon ‘co ver os a 1 Ste maximum ameter sparen). 0 tat canbe ct tom he econ. £ Wasnt Eerste petsehen hc bo conto tm pce sho ny baer este 1 RSs ec oterheateacs Stora “Th ad aye of ey shan te he ero hn tng main nich a way that tha load ie apo xia Figure 4.13(A)—Tension Specimens—Reduced Section—Turned Specimens (see 4.6.6.1) (One (1) in. (25 mm) at each end of the length ofthe test, plate shall be excluded from evaluation 4.10.3.3 Acceptance Criteria. For acceptable quai cation, the weld, as revealed by the radiographs, shall ‘conform to the requirements of 6.28.2 4.10.4 Macroetch Test. To determine complete fusion and unacceptable discontinuities. (Fillet welds shall be ‘macroetch tested for performance qualification). 4.10.4.1 The test specimens shall be prepared with « finish suitable for macrocich examination. A suitable so- = lution shall be used to give a clear definition of the weld, See Annex G. 4.10.42 Acceptance Criteria (Macroetch Test). For acceptable qualification, the test specimens shall con- fore tothe following requirements: (1) Visual examination of the weld shall show (@) Complete fusion. (©) Fillet welds shall have complete fusion to the bottom ofthe joint but nat necessarily beyond. (©) No cracksAWS 01.6:19900 ‘QUALIFICATION WELD REINFORCEMENT ‘SHALL BE MACHINED FLUSH WITH THE BASE METAL om no MIN vwAWs, |__ vee [ase N NOTE: FOR 2. (50 mm) NOMINAL DIAMETER OR SMALLER. Figure 4.13(8)—Tension Specimens—Full Section— Small Diameter Pipe (see 4.6.6.1) (2) The actual wold size shall be equal to or greater than the specified weld size. (3) The weld shall not have any concavity or convex- ity greater than 1/16 in, (2 mm). 4.10.5 Fillet Weld Break Test. The entire length of the fillet weld shall be examined visually and then a6 in. (150 mmm) long specimen (see Figure 4.5) or a quarter- section ofthe pipe fillet weld assembly shall be londed in ‘such a way that the rot ofthe weld isin tension. At least ‘one welding start and stop shall be located within the test specimen. The load shall be inereased or repeated until the specimen fractures or bends flat upon itself. 4.10.5.1 Acceptance Criteria for Fillet Weld Break. ‘Test. To pass the visual examination prior to the break test, the weld shall presenta reasonably uniform appear- ‘ance and shall be fee of overlap, cracks, and undercut in 88 excess of the requirements of 6.28.1. There shall be no porosity visible on the weld surface, ‘The broken specimen shall pass if: (1) The specimen bends fat upon itself, or (2) The fillet weld if fractured, has a fracture surface showing complete fusion tothe root of the joint with no Jusion or porosity larger than 3/32 in. (2.5 mm) in ‘greatest dimension, and (8) The sum of the greaest di sions and porosity shall not exceed 3/8 in, (10 mm) 6 in. (150 mm) long specimen. 4.11 Overlay Requirements 4.11.1 The limitation of variables of 4.8 and 4.9 shall apply for welders and welding operators, respectively,(QUALIFICATION ‘AWS D1.6:1908 Table 4.3 Performance Qualification—Thickness Limits and Test Specimens (see 4.7.4) Thickness () of Qualified “Type and Number of Tests Required Deposited Weld (Guided Bend Tests)** Thickness (9 of ‘Test Coupon, “Type of Join? in, (mm) ‘Maximum, in. | Side Bend | Face Bena | Root Bena Groove Upto-38 (10) inclusive | 1/162) 2 : 1 1 Groove (Over 378 (10) but 180) 2 1 1 less than 3/4 20) Groove 3/4 (20) and over 1783) _|_Maxtobe welded 2 oes Nets mc pipet soups of dierent hickeeund ferent diameter yet ermine the wel meal thickness uid and ha ‘Pichocs may Bape fo prodbetion welds othe smallest pipe canter fr which the welders ale 2 Toga for positon 56 and 66, wo Tot tend snd two face-end Specimens, o four side-bend specimens, as applicable 23 Weller qualifiatins inte to misinur WPS iis 2. See Pipes 14,415, and 423 for specimen ations. 5. Groove weld test ual fillet welds within the ination of Tables 43 and 4. ‘Small Pipe Diameter File-Weld Test (Outside Diameter of Test Coupon, in. um) “Maximum Outside Diameter Qualified in. (mm) "Thickness Ovalified” Less than 1 05) ‘Size welded ‘al 1 25) to less than 2-78 (73) [Note 6] 125) and over All 2.778 (13) and over 22778 (3) and over all Nowe {6.2718 (73) OD. is equivalent to NPS 2-12 (6). 5 welder qualifications ite insur WPS its. except welders or welding operators shall be qualified for unlimited maximum deposited thickness. 4.11.2 See Figure 4.21 for overlay test weldment. 4.11.3 See Table 4.7 for qualification thickness limitations. 4.11.4 The overlay performance qual ‘be subjected tothe following tests (2) Visual examination (2) Guided bend test @) Penetrant examination, 4.11.5 Acceptance Criteria (1) Visual examination, There shall be no cracks, trapped slag, visible porosity, or incomplete fusion. The appearance of the weld shall satisfy the qualifier that the ‘elder i skilled in using the procace and procedure spec ified forthe test (2) Guided:-bend tests. See 4.6.11.4(1). @) Penetrant examination, See 4.6.11.4(2). 89AWS D1.6:1900 (QUALIFICATION Table 4.4 Performance Qualification—Position and Diameter Limitations (see 4.7.4) Plate and Pipe Over 26in.] Pipe «24 Weta Position (60 mm) O.D. (600 mn) 0.0. Pate and Pipe Filet 16 F F (Note 3) r 2G Ru FH ote 2) Ru 36 RIV F (Note 2) RY ete 46 RO F (Note 2) EHO 36 and 46 BVO F (Note 2) ‘al 26,36, and 4 at FH ote 2) al 1F = = F (Note 2) 2 = = FH (Nowe 2) Plte—Filt 3F = = RLV (Note 2) 46 = = EHO (Note 2) SP nd oF = = ‘All (Note 2) 16 F F RH 26 BH an EH ipe—oroove 30 BVO RYO All 6G ‘ll ‘al All 2G and 56 All All Note 3) all 1F = = F 2F = = RW 2PR 2 . BH F = = Rito Se = = ‘ll 1, Positions of welding Ferm Horizontal Ve Neri 2. Pipe 2:78 in (73 mm) NPS und ove. 3. Nate: rise Dime ulin (mm) “es Wedet Pipe Diamete, in. om) ‘Groove Fit iss than | 20. SE welded ad ver ‘al 15) ough 278 HOD. 1 eS)and oer an ove278 7) 227m Tapandover al‘QUALIFICATION REMOVE 50 ROOT BEND SPFCIMEN FROM THIS AREA- PIPE IN FIXED VERTICAL FOR 20 TESTS REMOVE 53. FACE BEND FROM THIS AREA ‘TOP OF PIPE 56 POSITION ‘AWS 01.6:1900 REMOVE 56 FACE BENO FROM THIS AREA HORIZONTAL — REFERENCE UNE FOR '5G POSITION POSITION FORSG TESTS: REMOVE 5G ROOT ‘BEND FROM THIS AREA Figure 4.14—6 in. (150 mm) or 8 in. (200 mm) Pipe Assembly for Performance Qualification—2G and 5G Position {see 4.7.10.1(1)] Tal F-Numbers—Grouping of Electrodes and (Fert, Martens ‘Austenitic and Duplex) ANSUAWS Specification Number 8 ‘ASAI ASI4 “ASA austenitic and duplex [A59, AS.18, AS.28 2 3‘AWS 01.6:1900 (QUALIFICATION DISCARD THIS PIECE : : z t E E 8 g =e o z SIDE BEND SPECMEN | eles | | BACKING, BACKING, IF USED Fuse (A) PLATES — 11670 44 n.(270 20 mm) () PLATES — OVER 2/4 in (20mm) AND ‘PERFORMANCE QUALIFICATION ALTERNATE a8 0 34 n(10T0 20 mm) PERFORMANCE QUALIFICATION LONGITUDINAL ROOT BEND SPECIMEN DISCARD 1 in, LONGITUDINAL FACE BEND SPECIMEN. ee vay ED * vn SS cn wars TSA S a 2 ain (2omm ‘in, (eos PISCARD 1 in. (25 mn) aN (©) PLATES — LONGITUDINAL PERFORMANCE QUALIFICATION. Figure 4.15—Plates—Longitudinal Performance Qualification [see 4.7.10.1(1)] 92QUALIFICATION AWS 01.6:1900 31 in 10 mm) T_T a 4 (my MIN (rom Max Ta ta Bete 7 T Siar _ Notes 2 ana 3 Pate ts gras } j\ a Ewe exces 12 0 my wi anos CUT ALONG THIS LINE. EDGE MAY BE THERMAL CUT, som 105% eminent ac ste hn a enya ryan 2 TRUSERES ase gen natn cat 2 ne pr etn en wg Neen a ee + RE RE i nt ont crn nt cnn nay ote wo al Hoses ag Lalsorte rayon a ara he een one eee en teed «ES voce wag ta senor nc nt pin ten Fee eso a BOSS ace a areca ts cee ee yy as tts ty Aperioucicrpotsiaietand angen Figure 4.16—Transverse Side-Bend Specimens—Plate (see 4.10.6) Table 4.6 ‘A-Numbers—Classification of Stainless Stee! Weld Metal Analysis for WPS Qualification’ (see Table 4.1) ANumber | ‘Typesof Weld Deposit | O% cm | Mom Nite Maw | sis 1.3.4,5,06 | Chromium-Manenitie | 01s | 1100-1500 | a70 | — 200 | ton 7 ~ | earomium—Fettie 015 | 1100-3000 | 1.00 = 1.00 3.00 5 Chromium-Nickel | 0.15 | 1450-3000] 400 | 750-1500 | 250 | 100 ° | Gtromium Nicket 030 | 2500-3000 | 400 | as00a700| 20 | 100 Noe |. Tnew ofan A-Number designation, the nominal chemical composition ofthe weld deposit stl be indicated onthe WPS and onthe POR. 93‘AWS 01.6:1909 QUALIFICATION CORNER RADIUS CORNER RADIUS 118 in, (3 men) MAX. 18 in. (3 mm) MAX. ales ROOT BEND FACE BEND Lam ROOT BEND ee Note: 1. The specimen may be thermaly cu but, nts caso, at last 1/8 in. (3 mun of material shal bo mechanically removed frm te ther- aly ut suraco. >. Fornd mein having 2 elongation enqutemaet of at ans! 25 pecan he specimen ticknass. , may be reduced when using & bend rade testing fp The specimen theknoss shall comply withthe nomogrem in Figure 49. Ifthe wed flns base matls with alert Vacsnesses, tne specimen should be reducod to a constant thickness based on the thinner base metal ‘The wold rinorcoment and backing, any, shall be mechanical removed fish wih the spocimon surtacos. ‘The dlameter ofthe tet plunger shal be equal oor exceed the wold wih this requirement cannot be mot, a greatr thickness, , {hun be chowon in auoorGarce with the oman in Pagano [A lngitudnal surfaces shall bo a0 roughar than 125 microinches (34m) FMS, 11s nt recommended that tho lay of the surface roughness bo contd parll to he longitudinal axis of to specmen. Figure 4.17—Transverse Face-Bend and Root-Bend Specimens—Plate (see 4.10.6.1)(QUALIFICATION AWS D1.6:1990 CORNER RADIUS 118 i. (@ mm) MAX I ! | en ' | | N. 7 ee Sie NR FACE BEND ROOT BEND ee oss SSIS FACE BEND >a Ey Tam mm Bats 10 T ie 210 ROOT BEND pecimon may be thermally cu bun this case, at last 1/8 in. (3 mm of material hal be mecharicaly removed from the ther mal eat suraco. 2. Ihe wai in hase mata with diferent thcknoseee, tho epocimon shoul be raduced oa constant eke buses on the winner base metal it the back of he jit ¢recessod this surface of ho specimen may be removed ta a depth not exceeding the recess, 3. The specimen width shal be a, excop that shall ot excood IO/S where ID i hensive Gaeta othe pipe, 5 ‘The weld reinforcement and backing, any, shall be mechanical romaved tush wih to specimen sutaces, ‘Tne amor ofthe test plunger shal be equa oor axcood tho wold wih this requremont cannot be met, a geal hckness,T, shallbe chosen in accordance with he nomogram in Figure 49, (©. Al longtucinalsufeves sla be no rougher nan Tz fMonches (34m) RMS. Ite not recommended thatthe fay of tho surace ‘ughness be oriented parallel fo the longitu sas ofthe specimen, Figure 4.18—Transverse Face-Bend and Root-Bend Specimens—Pipe (see 4.10.6) 9s‘AWS D1.6:1999 ‘QUALIFICATION ‘CORNER RADIUS 1/8 in. (3 mmm) MAX ae Te ae 142i, (dom) [, ——_ 6 in 150 me) ew, —————> FACE BEND ROOT BEND Tr in Tam tam 338 T 10 0 238 ae >10 10 Notes: Te Fhe specimen may be thermally cut but in ths case, at eat 1/8 in (3 mm) of material shall be mechanically remawad from the ther- maby cut surtace. 2: Mindnaifnoe sewn tart iness, te sina stb ainda cea nes bean nar base metal 3, The wold reinforcement and backing, any, shall be mecharicaly removed hush vith the specimen surtaces. Av longtudioa surfaces shall boro rougher than 125 mioronches (9 um) AMS. lis nol recommended tht the lay of the suiaco roughness be olentd parla the fongtudinal axis of he specimen. Figure 4.19—Longitudinal Face-Bend and Root-Bend Specimens—Plate (see 4.10.6) Table 4.7 ‘Thickness Limitations for Overlay WPS and Welding Operator Performance Qualification (see 4.6.1.3) ‘A. Overlay WPS ‘Thickness of Qualified Bace Mota, i. (om) “Test Weldment Base Metal Thickness (7), in. rum) Min Max 116 @)2T<125) a Valine 1(@5)and over 125) Unlimited 'B. Welding Operator Performance for Overiay vais fon Base Metal Thickness, in. (rm) ‘Weld Metal Thickness “Test Weldment Base Metal - “Thickness. (om) Min Max Min Max V6 aT <125 T Uatimited a chest) S| oe Unlimited 125) and over 105) Ualimied Minimum QualifiedQUALIFICATION ‘AWS D1.6:1908 ROGT BEND TEST SPECIMEN Min. 40mm 1.25 me) | +-— ff -4-¢ | ___ ROOT BEND TEST SPECIMEN Ei e.(25mm) ~ Essein (40 men) ¥ t ‘i tab teen te i fi Toren eon — on ath #A0U8 Hin am) a (75 evn) MIN ‘THE PORTION BETWEEN FILLET WELDS MAY BE WELDED IN ANY POSITION, pen comm — MAXIMUM SIZE SINGLE PASS FILLET WELD 28 (10 mm) Novas: 1 Tho backing bar shal be 9/0 in. by 2n. (10 mm by 50 me) minimum uniess the tet weld i tobe inspected radiographically n which {aso the backing bar shall be 3/8 In. by Sin. (10 mm by 75 mm) minimum, The bacang bar shal be intimate Contact with te Base plate, 2, Tho ost plato length , shal be sufient forthe required numberof specimens. Spacnens shal be removed mechariclly fom the 2, The Weld reinforcement and backing bar shal be removed mechanically, tush wth he ba ‘4 Al loogituinal srtaces shall be no rougher than 128 microches (2am) FMS: tis ‘roughness be cxented paral tote longtuainal axis ofthe specimen, plat, recommended tha the lay ofthe sutace Figure 4.20—Fillet Weld Root-Bend Test Specimens (see 4.10.6) 7‘AWS 01.6:1900 (QUALIFICATION LAD AREA 6x2 (150 «50 mm) /~ Se ‘ein (150 men Ma [BASE METAL THICKNESS. NOTE:THE NUMBER OF PASSES ‘SHOWN IS ILLUSTRATIVE ONLY. Figure 4.21—Overlay WPS and Performance Qualification (see 4.11.2) CHEMISTRY saMELES: [AS WELDED SURFACE r ORIGINAL Test. ‘COUPON L "When a chemical analysis fs conducted onthe as-weldod srtaco, tho distance fromthe approximate fusion net the tna as-welded urace shall bcome the inimum qualiled overlay tckness. Tho chemical anaiysis may be performed siectly onthe as-wokiod face of on chips of mato akon fem tho -wodod sutace, 2, Wn a chemical analysis conducted aftr material has been removed fom the as.welded surtace, th distanco from the approx- ‘rate ftom in to he propared eurace aha Become tne mnimum quafed averaytickness The chemral analysis may be made ‘recy on the prepared surface or fom chips removed tom to proparod suriace, 3, Who a chemical analysis toss conduct on mataral romaved by @ halzotal il arma, tho distance from the apprcximate fu. ‘son Bn fo the uppermost igs oftheeeiled avy shal bocome the minimum qualified ovray thickness. The chemical analysis shal be perormad on ships of matoral removed trom te did cavity. PREPARED SURFACE [APPROXIMATE FUSION LINE Figure 4.22—Chemical Analysis Test [see 4.6.11.5(3)]‘QUALIFICATION AWS D1.6:1090 ()) ~~ FRACTURE SPECIMEN TO BE REMOVED FROM LOWER 90 DEGREE SECTION in POSITION BF Figure 4.23—Performance Qualification Specimen Locations [see 4.7.10(2)] ”AWS D1.6:1990 5, Fabrication 5.0 General “This section applies yeneral requirements forthe fab- rication, assembly, construction or erection of stainless steel products within the scope ofthis code, The fabrica- tor, contractor or erector (hereafter referred to jointly a8, the contractor) is enutioned that this code is not a design handbook; it does not eliminate the need for competent engineering judgement of the designer. 5.1 Responsibilities “The contractor, and individuals employed by the con- tracor, working in accordance with this code ae respon- sible forthe quality of work and items they produce “hey shal evaluate the quality oftheir work prior tor Teas for subsequent slags of processing or fabrication! erection inspections. Fabricaion/erection inspections Shall bein aboordance with section 6 ofthis code an as prescribed in contractor engineering specifications. ‘Sls1 Processes and WPSs, Welding shall be performed using either qualified or prequalified WPSs, and shall ‘meet the requirements of section 3 or 4 of this code, a8, applicable 5.1.2 Environmental Conditions. Welding shall not be performed on surfaces that are wet, or in wind velocities, that would adversely effect the shielding properties of the welding processes used. 5.1.2.1 Preheat temperatures shall be sufficient to re- ‘move moisture from the joints to be welded, as a mini- ‘mum. Specific prcheat and interpass temperatures are largely dependent on the material types and thickness 10 be welded. Both preheat and interpass temperatures shall, ‘be in accordance withthe approved WPS or as otherwise specified or approved by the Enginecr. 5.1.3 Base Materials. The materials sed shall be con- sistent with good manufacturing and inspection prac- tices. Also see section I of this code. 101 5.1.3.1 Base material discontinuities or defects that exceed material specifications are unacceptable unless repairs are approved by the Engineer. If repairs arc ap- proved they shall meet the requirements of 5.2.2, 5.2.3, ‘5.13 as applicable. 5.1.4 Filler Materials and Fluxes. Certification, storage ‘nd handling of filler materials and fluxes shall be controlled as specified in section 3, Part D. Filler mate- rials removed from the original packaging in which the filler materials were received shall be protected and. storage shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. 5.2 Preparation of Base Metal Corrosion resistance properties of materials and the service conditions that fabrications will be exposed to should be considered prior to the actual fabrication. Tt, may be necessary to remove surface oxides from the base metal prior to the welding. Surface oxides may be re- moved by mechanical methods, chemical cleaning, or \cans approved by the Engineer. Contact with Tad, zine, of lead oF zine compounds shall be avoided due tothe potential for hot cracking. Where pitting cor- rosion, crevice corrosion, intergranular corrosion or strese corrosion cracking are anticipated, special Fabrica. tion considerations should be specified in the contract documents. 5.2.1 Surface Preparation. Acceptable methods of ma- terial or joint preparation or repairs may include machi ing, thermal cutting, gouging, chipping or grinding. Surface conditions shall be within the limits of 5.2.2 Grinding disks, saw blades, files or other cutting tools. that have been used on carbon steels shall not be reused ‘n stainless steels. Grinding shall be done with an iron- 5.2.1.1 Surfaces on which weld metal is to be depos- ited (including adjacent surfaces) shall be clean, free‘ws 1.6:1900 from organic contaminants and surface oxides. Surfaces shall be free from material discontinuities including fins, tars, laminations, and eracks that would affect the qual- ity of sueagth of weldments (se 5.2.2.1), 5.2.1.2 Grooves produced by thermal cutting, gouging or grinding shall have surfaces equivalent o those speci- fied in 5.2.1.1 above. Groove profile dimensions, as specified on the WPS shall be maintained unless alter nate tolerances are approved by the Engineer. Suitable access to the root area shall be provided as applicable, 5.22 Cutting Requirements. Cutting equipment shall be adjusted in such a way as to make smooth euts. Notches or gouges on eut surfaces (edges) not exceeding 1/16 inch (2 mm) for materials less than 5/8 inch (16 mm) or 109% of the material thickness (T) for materials ‘greater than 5/8 inch (16 mm) need not be repaired un- less specified by the Engineer or contract specification. Notches or gouges exceeding the above limits shall be repaired as specified heliow. ‘5.2.2.1 Notches, gouges, or other material discontinu- ities may be repaired by grinding or machining provided the depth of the notch or gouge does not exceed the lesser of 1/8 in. (3 mm) or 20% ofthe material thickness. Repairs shall be blended smoothly into the surrounding surfaces to a slope not exceeding 1 in. in 4 in. (25 mm in 100 mm). 5.2.2.2 Notches or gouges exceeding 5.2.2.1 shal be repaired by excavation and welding in accordance with 5.13 unless otherwise directed by the Engineer. Repaired surfaces shall be cleaned to bright metal after completing the repair, 5.2.2.3 If discontinuities other than notches or gouges are observed during the cutting operation, the indications shall be explored and repaired as required. Excavation of dofective areas shall be limited to a depth of T/3 without prior approval of the Engineer. 5.2.2.4 Defect excavation or repairs excesdting T/ may be done only with prior approval and direction from the Engineer. Defect exploration or repairs anticipated to exceed a depth of 1/3 shall be examined by methods specified by the Engineer to determine the extent of the defect before exceeding a depth of T/3. Welded repairs shall be accomplished in accordance with 5.13 5.2.3 Mill Induced Discontinuities. Mil induced discon- tinuitics observed on the plane suiface of material (wot cul edges) shall be evaluated, explored, or repaired 4s speci- fed in applicable material or contract specifications, 52.3.1 Evaluation of mill induced discontinuities shall be performed by ultrasonic examination in accor: 102 FABRICATION ance with section 6 of this code, or as directed by the Engineer or contract specification 5.2.3.2 Unacceplable surface defects may be removed by grinding, gouging or machining, provided the remain- ing thickness of the section is within material specifica- tions, and the depression, after defect removal, is blended uniformly into the surrounding surface. Appro- priate NDT methods shall be specified by the Engineer to assure complete defect removal 5.2.3.3 Welded repairs of base metals, when requited or specitied stall be accomplished in accordance with 5.13, As an alternative to repairs, the contractor may re- place the materials in question. 5.2.4 Beam Copes and Weld Access Holes. All beam ‘copes and weld access holes shall be free of notches oF sharp reentrant corners, Beam cope radii and access holes shall provide a smooth transition past the points of tangency of adjacent surfaces 52.4.1 All weld access holes required to facilitate ‘welding operations shall, where practical, have a length from the edge of the weld preparation or edge of backing (28 applicable, 1.5 times the thickness ofthe material in which the hole is made. The size and shape of access holes shall be adequate for deposition of sound weld ‘metal and provide clearance for weld tabs (see Figure 5.1), 5.2.4.2 Reentrant comers or cut materials shall be formed to provide a gradual transition with a radius of 1 in, (25 mm) where practical. The reentrant corners may bbe formed by mechanical or thermal cutting, followed by arinding, if necessary, to meet the surface requirements 0f 5.2.2. 5.3 Assembly 5.3.1'The Engineer and contractor shall refer to design drawings, contract specifications and section 2 of this code as a basis forthe detail drawings. All connections shall be fabricated in such a manner as to maintain com- pliance with this code and contract specifications. 5.3.2 Assembly and joining of parts to fabrications or built-up members, and welding of reinforcing parts to ‘members shall be done using procedures and sequences ‘hat will minimize distortion and shrinkage. tnsofar ax practical, all welds shall be made ina sequence that will balance the applied heat of welding while the welding progresses (sce section 2). Joints or groups of joints for which itis especially important that welding sequence and technique be carefully controlled to minimizeFABRICATION AWS 01.6:1900 BACKING IF USED® BACKING IF USED® tee Ss Bty2 ain, ae co 215 te RADIUS PRECUTBY DILL OR HOLE SAW Dain 2iy2aitin 215ty, ANGLE OF 215te) SLOPE NOT Y cAMCAL a a atl (wore 2) (NoTe 2) NEED NOT BE TANGENT 2ty2sitin, NOTCHES PROHIBITED (©) OPTIONAL METHOD FOR 'MAKING CORNER RADIUS (A) ROLLED SHAPE OR (®)FILLETWELDED SHAPE: GROOVE WELDED SHAPE‘? Gono! Noes: ‘1. For marine steels, grind and inspect thermaly cut edges of access heles prior o making web and flange splice groove welds. In ‘pocion motneds sna spoumes byte Engeoer Fads shall provide smooth, notch ree wansiton ‘Acoess opening made ar woiding web ta fanga, ‘Aoooss opening made before wang web to fang Weld nt rturned through opening. “These are typical deta for ont welded rom one side again! ueed meta backing. Atamatve joint deals shoud also be considered Figure 5.1—Typical Weld Access Hole Geometries (see 5.2.4.1) shrinkage stresses and distortion shall be clearly identi-_ ensure freedom from cracking before the join is allowed fied on the applicable drawings. to cool below the minimum specified preheat and inter- 5.3.3 It is the responsibility of the contractor to prepare _-P#8S temperature. WPSs and employ fabrication methods capable of pro- 5.3.6 Members tobe welded shall bo brought into correct ducing welds meeting the quality requirements of this code. All welders shall be qualified per section 4. A welding sequence and distortion control program shall be prepared by the contractor and evaluated by the Engineer Prior to the start of welding if shrinkage or distortion expected to affect the end use ofthe fabrication, ‘5.34 In assemblies, joints expected to have significant Shrinkage should be welded before joints expected to have less shrinkage. They should also be welded with as litte restraint as possible alignment and held in position by bolts, clamps, wedges, ‘uy lines, struts, and other suitable devices, or by tack ‘welds until welding has been completed. The use of jigs and fixtures is recommended where practical. Allow- ances shall be made for warpage and shrinkage. 53.7 All welded shop splices in each component part of cover-plated beam or buill-up member shall be made before welding component paris to viher component parts of the member. When making subassembly splices, whether in the shop or field, the welding sequence 53.5 Welding of martensitic materials where conditions should be reasonably balanced between the web and ‘of severe external shrinkage restraint ate present shall he flange welds as well as about the major and minor axes ‘welded continuously to completion, or to a point that will of the member, 103‘AWS 01.6:1909 5.3.8 Edges of built-up beam and girder webs shall be cet to the prescribed camber with suitable allowance for shrinkage due to cutting and welding. 5.3.9 Corrections to meet camber tolerances shall be in ‘conformance with procedures approved by the Engineer. 5.4 Assembly Tolerances ‘5.41 Parts to be joined by fillet welds shall be brought, into alignment. Fit-up separations 1/16 in. (2 mm) or ‘greater are acceptable provided the fillet weld size is in- creased by an amount equal tothe separation, Fit-up sep~ arations greater than 3/16 in. (5 mm) are unacceptable ‘without prior approval by the Engineer and demonstra- tion thatthe required effective throat has been attained. 5.4.1.1 The separations between the faying surfaces of, lap joints, plug and slot welds, and but joints landing on a hacking shall not exceed 1/16 in, @ mm), SA.1.2 Where dimensions in rolled shapes do not permit alignment within specified limits (after straight- ening), corrective actions shall be approved by the Engi- heer. The use of filles plates is prohibited except as specified on drawings or specifically approved by the Engineer. When approved, the use of filler plates shall be in accordance with 2.7. ‘5.4.2 Parts joined by groove welds shall be brought into alignment. The root openings between parts shall be in accordance with Figures 3.4, 3.5, or 3.6, or an approved. WPS as applicable. Tolerances for bearing joints shall be in accordance with the applicable contract specifications. ‘5.43 Parts joined at but joints shall be carefully aligned. Where parts are effectively restrained against bending ‘due to eccentricity in alignment, offsets which do not ex= ‘ceed the lesser of 10% of the thickness of the thinner part, joined, or 1/8 in, (3 mm) are permitted as a departure from the theoretical alignment. For correcting misalign- ‘ment, parts shall not be drawn in toa slope greater than 1/2 in, (12 mm) in 12 in. (300 mm). Measurement of off- sets shall be based on the centerline of parts unless other- wise shown on the drawings. In the case of tubular products, measurement of offset shall be based on mis alignment of internal surfaces. ‘$44 Root openings greater than those permitted in Fig- ures 3.4, 35, or 3.6 oF the approved WPS, but not greater than tovice the thickness of the thinner part or 1/2 in (12mm), whichever is less, may be corrected by welding, to acceptable dimensions prior to joining the parts by welding. ‘SAS Root openings greater than permitted by 5.4.4 may be ‘corrected by welding only with approval of the Enginect. 108 FABRICATION ‘SAA6 Heat shall not be applied to form parts or improve alignment unless approved by the Engineer. 5.5 Distortion of Members Members distorted by welding may be straightened bby mechanical straightening methods specified and ap- proved by the Engineer. Tis section ofthe code does not prohibit, but makes no provisions for the use of heat straightening of stainless steels with the following excep- tion: I heat straightening is used, itis the Engineer's re- sponsibility to determine the effect thatthe heat has on corrosion resistance properties ofthe materials and exter- nal stresses of the fabrication, Heat straightening temper- lures should uot exceed G00°F (315°C) for ferric, ‘martensitic or duplex stels; 800°F (430°C) for austenitic stainless steel; and the aging temperature for precipita tion hardening stainless steel. 5.6 Groove Weld Backing 5.6.1 When used, fused metal backing shall be the full length of the welded joint. Metal backing materials shall bbe ofthe same base metal type as was qualified and listed in the WPS. All backing shall be removed unless permit ted to remain i place hy detail drawings, sei ‘or the Engineer. 5.6.2 Groove welds made with metal backing shall have the weld metal fused thoroughly with the backing and shall be welded in a manner that meets the quality re- quirements ofthis code. Recommended nominal thick- nesses of backing bars to prevent melt through are shown below in Table 5.1. Table 5.1 Recommended Backing Thicknesses (see 5.6.2) Process Recommended Backing Thickness Gam) Paw Bia. Gam) = SMAW ania. 6mm) ema ariein Gamay Feaw ‘tin, 6mm) 7 Saw 1itin. 6 mem) ‘Note: Use of commercially nub acxpale be sanfess ne! backing fo pipeFABRICATION 5.6.3 Non-metallic or non-fused metallic backing, if ‘used, shall be completely removed when the welding is completed, unless otherwise specified by the Engineer. ‘The back side of the welds shall be properly prepared by grinding or other suitable means for visual or specified nondestructive testing (NDT). Weld profile requirements (of 5.11 shall be applicable tothe back side of such joint. 5.7 Tack Welds and Temporary Welds ‘5.7.1 Tack welds shall be subject tothe same quality re- ‘quirements as the final welds. 5.7.2 Tack welds to be incorporated into the final weld shall be made with weld filler materials meeting the requirements of the final weld and shall be cleaned thor- ‘oughly with stainless steel wire brushes or iron frve abra sive wheels. 8.7.3 Tack welds not incorporated into final welds shall, be removed unless otherwise permitted by the Engineer. 5.7.4 Temporary welds shall be subject tothe same WPS. requirements as final welds. Temporary welds shall be removed unless otherwise permitted by the Engineer. ‘5.7.8 Temporary weld removals shal be made flush with Permanent materials and the surfaces examined by meth- ‘ods specified by the Engineer or eontract dacuments. AS ‘4 minimum, visual examination shall be performed to as- sure permanent materials have not been gouged, nicked or otherwise damaged. 5.8 Peening 5.8.1 The use af manual slag hammers, chisels, and light- weight vibrating tools for the removal of slag and spatter is permitted and isnot considered peening, ‘5.8.2 When approved by the Engineer, peening may be ‘used om intermediate weld layers to mechanically reduce and control the residual stresses and distortion created by ‘welding. Care should be taken to prevent overlapping of cracking of the weld or base metal. Peening on the root, for cover passes of welds, is prohibited unless specifically approved by the Engineer, 5.8.3 To prevent sharp impressions, peening (when ap- proved), shall be done by mechanically striking surfaces of intermediate weld beads oF layers with a suitable tool having a minimum radius ofa 1/8 in (3 mm), unless oth- exwise approved, 5.8.4 The Engincer shall spocify the required preheat (if any) and interpass temperatures prior to peening. 105 AWS 01.6:1908 5.9 Weld Termination 5.9.1 Welds shall be terminated at the end of joints in a ‘manner that will ensure sound welds and in a manner consistent with section 2 of this code. Weld tabs aligned in such a manner to provide an extension of the weld joint may be used. 5.9.2 Backing or weld tabs shall be of a base metal type which is compatible with the material being welded, un- less the design or contract documents specifically dictate otherwise, 5.9.3 All weld tabs need not be removed unless required by detail drawings, contract specifications or by the Engineer 5.10 Weld Cleaning In all cases where brushes are used, the brush wires shall be made of stainloss steel materials. Grinding, if e- (quired, shall be done with iron free abrasive whee! 5.10.1 Before welding over previously deposited weld metal, all slag or other foreign materials shall be com- pletely removed from the weld and adjacent base metal ‘This requirement shall apply not only to successive beads but also tothe crater area when welding is resumed after any interruption 5.10.2 Slag shall be completely removed from al finished welds. All welds and adjacent base metals shall be cleaned by brushing or other suitable means after welding, is completed. Spatter remaining afer cleaning that is con- sidered harmful to the finished product shall be removed. $.10.3 Are strikes shal be removed by grinding or other ‘suitable means. Cracks or blemishes caused by are strikes shall be ground to a smooth contour and exam- ined visually to assure complete removal. Other nonde- structive testing (NDT) methods may also be specified by the Engineer ag in cantractdactiments, 5.11 Weld Profiles 5.11.1 The sizes, lengths, and locations of welds shall be as specified by design requirements and detail drawings. Unless otherwise specified by contract or design require- ‘ments, weld length tolerances shall be -0, +25% or 6 in. (130 mm), whichever is less, provided that the over- length welding does not cause interference with other ‘members. All welds shall be free from cracks, overlaps, and other unacceptable profiles exhibited in Figure 5.2. ‘Undercut shall wot exceed the requirements of 6.28 and 6.29.