METHODS AND

TOOLS FOR
OBSERVATION

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY
A case study is defined as the evaluation and
report of research on an individual subject,
usually of an anecdotal nature. It is a
methodology of investigation that is
characterized by uncontrolled reporting of
some experience, behavior, treatment, or
phenomenon.

CASE STUDY
The typical case study lacks the usual controls
that are part of scientific experiments. Case
studies have played an important role in
research throughout the history of psychology
and education.

CASE STUDY
Includes:

Child Profile (Basic Information)

History of the Child (Medical)

Family Background

Developmental Stages

School and Academic Records

Assessments/Interventions (If any)

CASE STUDY
Describe all aspects of the Child:

Physical

Cognitive

Socio-Emotional

SURVEY
In survey research, the investigator asks a
group of individuals questions about a
particular issue. Survey research is often used
to study teachers and children as well.
Particularly their attitudes, beliefs, opinions,
and behavior. Surveys are conducted through
a variety of methods the most common of
which are interviews and questionnaires.

QUESTIONNAIRE
A questionnaire is a research instrument
consisting of a series of questions and other
prompts for the purpose of gathering
information from respondents. The subjects
can answer the questions individually and
independently. This can be used for big groups
of people being studied at the same time.

INTERVIEW
The interview procedure involves faceface-totoface encounter wherein the interviewer asks
the subject questions designed to obtain
answers relevant to the study.

NARRATIVE REPORT

NARRATIVE REPORT
A written form that the parents will receive.
It contains information about the childs
progress, teacher observations and
anecdotes
about the child.

NARRATIVE REPORT
Anything written in this document should be
true, unbiased, factual, and confidential.

NARRATIVE REPORT
Include all three domains/aspects of learning
and development - physical, cognitive,
and socio-emotional.

NARRATIVE REPORT
Be specific, site actual events or examples if possible
 Use correct grammar
 Comments should be stated in a positive manner
 Do not compare the child to another student. (Only to self)

DONT SAY

SAY

He is lazy . . .

He needs more
encouragement to
finish his work
sometimes.

DONT SAY

SAY

He is talkative...

He is a very curious and

inquisitive boy. He loves to
engage his classmates in
conversation. But
sometimes, he needs to be
reminded to listen during
class
discussions.

DONT SAY

SAY

He fights and hits

his classmates . . .

Sometimes, when things dont go his

way, he easily gets frustrated and
would accidentally hurt his
classmates in the process. He
needs to learn to control his
emotions and express his anger
through words instead of actions.
We will constantly monitor this in
class to help him
improve this
behavior.

NARRATIVE REPORT
But if after several reminders, the negative
behavior still persist, then it is time for a more
formal means of intervention. You can give the
parents an incident report or even have a
meeting with them to discuss these matters
personally.

TEACHERS NARRATIVE REPORT

Name of Child Joseph Emmanuel G. Arzagon

Age 5 yrs. 6 mos

Level Sr. Prep

Jet is adjusting very well in class. He is a friendly and caring person. He

would always greet his teacher and classmates with a smile everyday. He
possesses definite leadership qualities and it shows in his interactions with
his classmates. He generally seems happy in school and is eager to learn
and discover new things.
Jet knows his full name, age, birthday, and other personal information. He
can recognize all the colors and shapes. He can identify all the letters of the
alphabet (upper & lower case) and their corresponding sounds; but he still
mispronounces some letters; like r as w ex. wabbit and y as l ex. lellow.
He is also starting to read familiar words by sight. He can communicate in
both English and Filipino. Although, sometimes he still has difficulty
expressing his needs and feelings in complete sentences. He could count
and identify the numbers 1-100 and is starting to add and subtract small
numbers with the help of picture clues. He can write his name, all the letters,
and numbers, but still needs to practice holding the pencil properly while
writing. He loves to read and listen to stories and is quite the diligent worker.