Manual AVR A32

Instruction Manual
PRISMIC A32 EXCITATION CONTROLLER
Manual No: TP0001096 Issue: C

Date: 5 August 2010
BRUSH Electrical Machines Ltd.

Falcon Works, Nottingham Road, Leicestershire. LE11 1EX. United Kingdom
Telephone: +44 (0) 1509 611511 Fax: +44 (0) 1509 612009
E-Mail: salesuk@brush.eu Web Site: http://www.brush.eu

Manual No: TP0001096
Issue: C
Date: 5 August 2010
Page: 2 of 95
CONTENTS
1
INTRODUCTION TO MANUAL .................................................................................................... 5
1.1
General.......................................................................................................................................... 5
1.2
How To Use the Manual................................................................................................................ 5
1.3
Copies & Revisions ....................................................................................................................... 6
1.4
Feedback....................................................................................................................................... 6
1.5
Service & Spares .......................................................................................................................... 6
1.6
Contact Address............................................................................................................................ 6
1.7
Health & Safety At Work Act (1974............................................................................................... 7
1.8
Protection And Monitoring Devices............................................................................................... 8
2
EU DIRECTIVES........................................................................................................................... 9
3
INTRODUCING THE PRISMIC A32 EXCITATION CONTROLLER.......................................... 10
4
RATINGS .................................................................................................................................... 11
5
FEATURES................................................................................................................................. 13
6
SPECIFICATION ........................................................................................................................ 16
6.1
General........................................................................................................................................ 16
6.2
Controls ....................................................................................................................................... 16
6.2.1
Voltage Control ...................................................................................................................... 16
6.2.2
Quadrature Current Compensation (QCC) ............................................................................ 16
6.2.3
Over-Flux Limiter ................................................................................................................... 17
6.2.4
Soft Start ................................................................................................................................ 17
6.2.5
Speed Detection .................................................................................................................... 17
6.2.6
Power Factor Or Reactive Current (VAr) Control .................................................................. 17
6.2.7
Over Excitation Limiter........................................................................................................... 17
6.2.8
Under Excitation Limiter......................................................................................................... 18
6.2.9
Fast Acting Field Current Limiter ........................................................................................... 18
6.2.10
Automatic Tracking Of Active Regulator................................................................................ 18
6.2.11
Indications .............................................................................................................................. 18
6.2.12
Output Signals........................................................................................................................ 19
6.2.13
Output Voltage ....................................................................................................................... 19
6.2.14
Local Serial Communication Ports......................................................................................... 19
6.2.15
Remote Communications Facility .......................................................................................... 19
6.3
Monitors....................................................................................................................................... 20
6.3.1
General .................................................................................................................................. 20
6.3.2
Over Voltage Monitor ............................................................................................................. 20
6.3.3
Over Flux Monitor .................................................................................................................. 20
6.3.4
Under Voltage Monitor ........................................................................................................... 20
6.3.5
Over Excitation Monitor.......................................................................................................... 20
6.3.6
Under Excitation Monitor........................................................................................................ 21
6.3.7
Monitor Indications................................................................................................................. 21
6.3.8
Monitor Output Signals .......................................................................................................... 21
6.3.9
Monitor Latch/Reset............................................................................................................... 21
6.3.10
Monitor Inhibit......................................................................................................................... 21
6.3.11
Local Serial Communication Port........................................................................................... 21
6.3.12
Remote Serial Communications Facility ................................................................................ 21
7
A32 ENCLOSURE OVERVIEW ................................................................................................. 22
7.1
A32 Front Panel .......................................................................................................................... 22
7.2
A32 Rear Connections ................................................................................................................ 23
8
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................... 24
8.1
Generator Terminal Voltage Regulation Loop ............................................................................ 24
8.2
Generator Terminal Voltage Reference ...................................................................................... 25
8.3
Generator Terminal Voltage With Reactive Power Compensation............................................. 26
8.4
Power System Stabiliser PSS2B ................................................................................................ 27
8.5
Limiters........................................................................................................................................ 31
8.5.1
Over Excitation Limiter (OEL) ................................................................................................ 31
8.5.2
Stator Current Limiter (SCL) .................................................................................................. 32
8.5.3
Under Excitation Limiter (UEL) .............................................................................................. 34
8.5.4
Over Flux (V/Hz) Limiter ........................................................................................................ 35
8.5.5
Generator Terminal Voltage Limiter....................................................................................... 36
8.6
Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) ........................................................................................... 36
TP0001096 (C) PRISMIC A32 Excitation Controller.doc
BRUSH Electrical Machines Ltd. 2010

8.7
8.7.1
8.7.2
9
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
10
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
10.10
10.11
10.12
10.13
10.14
11
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
12
12.1
12.2
12.2.1
12.2.2
12.2.3
12.2.4
12.2.5
13
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.5.1
13.5.2
13.6
13.7
14
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.6.1
14.6.2
Issue: C
Date: 5 August 2010
Page: 3 of 95
Add On Regulators...................................................................................................................... 38
Reactive Power (Q) Regulator (Or VAr Control) and Power Factor (PF) Regulator ............. 38
Field Current Regulator.......................................................................................................... 38
A32 CAPABILITY DIAGRAM EDITOR ...................................................................................... 40
Using The Editor ......................................................................................................................... 40
Edit Options................................................................................................................................. 40
Saving And Reloading Data ........................................................................................................ 41
Using The Custom Data File ....................................................................................................... 41
Curve Editor ................................................................................................................................ 42
Power Factor Lines ..................................................................................................................... 43
Label Editor ................................................................................................................................. 44
Scales Editor ............................................................................................................................... 45
WINDOWS HMI COMMISSIONING SOFTWARE...................................................................... 46
Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 46
Commissioning Parts .................................................................................................................. 46
Commissioning PC...................................................................................................................... 46
PC Software Installation.............................................................................................................. 46
Running the HMI Application....................................................................................................... 46
HMI Configuration ....................................................................................................................... 46
Exiting The HMI Application ........................................................................................................ 46
HMI Displays Available ............................................................................................................... 46
Trending ...................................................................................................................................... 46
Presets ........................................................................................................................................ 46
HMI Default Passwords............................................................................................................... 46
Changing A Preset, Setting A Parameter ................................................................................... 47
Maintenance................................................................................................................................ 47
Logging........................................................................................................................................ 47
PSS TESTING ............................................................................................................................ 49
General........................................................................................................................................ 49
Test Modes Of The PSS ............................................................................................................. 50
Switching Off Filters .................................................................................................................... 50
Test Signals ................................................................................................................................ 51
Testing Window........................................................................................................................... 52
ANALOG DATA LOGGING........................................................................................................ 54
Logging Chart Parameters: ....................................................................................................... 54
Analog Logging Wizard ............................................................................................................... 56
Analog Logging Wizard Step 1 .............................................................................................. 56
INSTALLATION AND MECHANICAL DETAILS ....................................................................... 61
Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 61
Installation ................................................................................................................................... 62
Ventilation.................................................................................................................................... 62
Wiring To The A32 Excitation Controller..................................................................................... 62
Wiring To The Plug ..................................................................................................................... 63
Method 1 ................................................................................................................................ 63
Method 2 (Using The Special Lever To Open The Cage Clamp).......................................... 63
Safety .......................................................................................................................................... 64
Mechanical Details ...................................................................................................................... 64
COMMISSIONING ...................................................................................................................... 65
Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 65
The Per Unit System ................................................................................................................... 65
Commissioning Software ............................................................................................................ 65
Applying Test Steps To Vref ....................................................................................................... 65
Protection Testing (Exciter Field Current Control) ...................................................................... 66
A32 Parameters And Set Up....................................................................................................... 67
Explanation Of The Commissioning Presets ......................................................................... 67
The Operating States............................................................................................................. 69

14.6.3
14.6.4
14.6.5
14.6.6
14.6.7
14.6.8
14.6.9
14.6.10
14.6.11
14.6.12
14.6.13
14.6.14
14.6.15
14.6.16
14.6.17
14.6.18
14.6.19
14.6.20
14.6.21
14.6.22
14.6.23
14.6.24
14.7
14.7.1
14.7.2
15
16
Issue: C
Date: 5 August 2010
Page: 4 of 95
Pre-Commissioning Checks................................................................................................... 69
Calibration Of Exciter Field Current ....................................................................................... 70
Calibration Of Exciter Field Voltage Sensor .......................................................................... 71
Adjustment Of Terminal Current Sensing .............................................................................. 72
Adjustment Of Terminal Voltage Sensing.............................................................................. 73
Automatic Excitation To 80% Terminal Voltage..................................................................... 73
Checking Voltage Reference Range - No Load..................................................................... 74
No Load Step Response Testing ........................................................................................... 75
Smooth Transfer Between Channels And Between Operation States .................................. 76
Testing the V/f Limiter ............................................................................................................ 77
Testing The Terminal Voltage Limiter.................................................................................... 79
Checking Reactive Power Sensing Polarity........................................................................... 79
Testing The Over Excitation Limiter....................................................................................... 81
Testing The Stator Current Limiter......................................................................................... 82
Testing Under Excitation Limiter ............................................................................................ 84
Testing Under Voltage Monitor (Minimum Terminal Voltage Monitor, Utmin Monitor) .......... 85
Testing Over Flux Monitor (Also Called U/F Monitor) ............................................................ 86
Testing Over Voltage Monitor (Also Called Maximum Terminal Voltage Monitor Or Utmax
MON)...................................................................................................................................... 87
Testing Over Excitation Monitor (OEM) ................................................................................. 88
Testing Under Excitation Monitor (UEM) ............................................................................... 88
Testing Quadrature Current Compensation........................................................................... 90
Reactive Load Rejection ........................................................................................................ 90
VAr And Power Factor Regulation .............................................................................................. 91
Check Of VAr Regulation....................................................................................................... 92
Check Of PF Regulation ........................................................................................................ 93
SPARE PARTS........................................................................................................................... 94
ATTACHMENTS & DRAWINGS ................................................................................................ 95

Issue: C
Date: 5 August 2010
Page: 5 of 95
INTRODUCTION TO MANUAL
1.1
General
The purpose of this manual is to provide information and advice on supplied equipment.
Warning symbols used in the manual are as follows:
Mandatory Notice - Instruction to be followed.
Danger, General - Caution to be exercised. Appropriate safety measures to be taken.
Danger, Electricity - Caution to be exercised. Appropriate safety measures to be taken.
Danger, Harmful or Irritating - Caution to be exercised. Appropriate safety measures to be

taken.
Information is given for guidance only. We do not accept any responsibility for the manner in
which the information is used, nor the consequences thereof.
The design and manufacture of equipment is subject to constant review and as a result the
information provided herein may vary from that manufactured.
Verbal or written modifications to the information contained herein have no legal status unless
confirmed in writing by the Technical Director or his nominated deputy.
The manual, and any amendments, should be maintained for the lifetime of the equipment.
It is important that any persons responsible for equipment installation,

commissioning, operation and maintenance, are provided with access to this manual.
1.2
How To Use the Manual

Prior to undertaking any installation, commissioning, operation or maintenance activities on the
equipment, it is recommended that this manual, and any associated documentation, should be
read in their entirety in order to gain an understanding of system operation.
The manual is written as a 'stand-alone' document, but should be read in conjunction with any
referenced or associated documentation.
All pages and topic headings are numbered for easy reference. Cross-reference(s) to
associated paragraphs and documentation is included where appropriate. When referencing
particular paragraphs in communications, it is important to specify the Manual Number and the
Issue Reference.
Referenced drawings are attached as additional (unnumbered) pages.

1.3
1.4
1.5
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Date: 5 August 2010
Page: 6 of 95
Copies & Revisions

Additional copies of the latest available version of manuals are available from BRUSH
Aftermarket at the contact address given hereafter. A nominal charge may be made for this
service.
The information provided remains the copyright of BRUSH Electrical Machines Ltd., and is not
to be copied or disclosed to a third party without the written approval of the Technical Director at
the contact address given hereafter.
Feedback
We are constantly seeking to improve the quality and reliability of our products, and we actively
encourage user feedback.
Any comments should be addressed to your usual representative, or to BRUSH Aftermarket at
the contact address given hereafter.
Service & Spares
Quotations for Service and Spares can be obtained from BRUSH Aftermarket at the contact
address given hereafter.
Spare parts information, including prices and lead times, can be obtained from the Web Site
address given hereafter.
1.6
BRUSH Aftermarket provides service support 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. We supply first
class replacement parts, carry out service inspections and maintenance programmes, upgrades
and repairs, and comprehensive training programmes for both BRUSH and third party
generators and ancillary products. Further information on BRUSH Aftermarket can be found on
our website (see details below).
Contact Address
BRUSH Aftermarket
BRUSH Aftermarket
Falcon Works
T. Edvarda Benee 39/564
Nottingham Road
301 00 Plze
Loughborough
Czech Republic
Leicestershire
LE11 1EX
T: +420 37 8210717
United Kingdom
F: +420 37 8210337
E: servicecz@brush.eu
T: +44 (0) 1509 611511
F: +44 (0) 1509 612436
BRUSH Aftermarket
15110 Northwest Freeway
E: serviceuk@brush.eu
Suite 150
Houston
BRUSH Aftermarket
PO Box 3007
Texas 77040
2980 DA
USA
Ridderkerk
The Netherlands
T: +1 281 580 1314
F: +1 281 580 5801
T: +31 (0) 180 445500
E: serviceus@brush.eu
F: +31 (0) 180 445445
E: servicenl@brush.eu

Issue: C
BRUSH Aftermarket
PO Box 111209
Abu Dhabi
United Arab Emirates
T: +971 4362 6391
F: +971 2550 1920
E: serviceme@brush.eu
BRUSH Turbogenerators
World Trade Centre
Suite 1803
500 Guangdong Road
Shanghai 200001
P.R. China
Date: 5 August 2010
Page: 7 of 95
BRUSH Aftermarket
Lot 7 Jalan Majustret U1/26
Hicom Glenmarie Ind. Park
40150 Shah Alam
Selangor DE
Malaysia
T: +60 3 705 3736
F: +60 3 703 9625
E: servicemy@brush.eu
T: +86 21 63621313
F: +86 21 63621690
E: servicecn@brush.eu
1.7
Company Web Site: http://www.brush.eu

http://www.eshop.brush.eu
Spares Web Site:
Health & Safety At Work Act (1974
The information hereunder is supplied in accordance with Section 6 of the Health and Safety at
Work Act 1974 with respect to the duties of manufacturers, designers and installers in providing
health and safety information to Customers. The information advises of reasonably foreseeable
risks involved with the safe installation, commissioning, operation, maintenance, dismantling,
cleaning or repair of products supplied by BRUSH Electrical Machines Ltd.
Every precaution should be taken to minimise risk. When acted upon, the following
precautions should considerably minimise the possibility of hazardous incidents.
Delivery Checks: Check for damage sustained during transport. Damage to packing cases
must be investigated in the presence of an Insurance Surveyor.
Installation: Where installation is made by engineers other than BRUSH Electrical Machines
Ltd. personnel, the equipment should be installed by suitably qualified personnel in accordance
with relevant legislation, regulations and accepted rules of the industry. In particular, the
recommendations contained in the regulations with regard to the earthing (grounding) must be
rigorously followed.
Electrical Installation:
IMPROPER USE of ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT IS HAZARDOUS.

It is important to be aware that control unit terminals and components may be live to
line and supply voltages.
Before working on a unit, switch off and isolate it and all other equipment within the confines
of the same control cubicle. Check that all earth connections are sound.
WARNING: Suitable signs should be prominently displayed, particularly on switches and
isolators, and the necessary precautions taken to ensure that power is not inadvertently
switched on to the equipment whist work is in progress, or is not yet completed.

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Date: 5 August 2010
Page: 8 of 95
Adjustment and fault finding on live equipment must be by qualified and authorised personnel
only, and should be in accordance with the following rules:
Read the Instruction Manual.
Use insulated meter probes.
Use an insulated screwdriver for potentiometer adjustment where a knob is not provided.
Wear non-conducting footwear.
Do not attempt to modify wiring.
Replace all protective covers, guards, etc. on completion.
1.8
Operation & Maintenance: Engineers responsible for operation and maintenance of equipment
supplied under this contract should familiarise themselves with the information contained in this
manual and with the recommendations given by manufacturers of associated equipment. They
should be familiar also with the relevant regulations in force.
It is essential that all covers are in place and that all guards and/or safety fences to protect
any exposed surfaces and/or pits are fitted before the machine is started.
All adjustments to the machine must be carried out whilst the machine is stationary and
isolated from all electrical supplies. Replace all covers and/or safety fences before restarting
the machine.
When maintenance is being carried out, suitable WARNING signs should be prominently
displayed and the necessary precautions taken to ensure power is not inadvertently switched
on to the equipment whilst work is in progress, or is not yet complete.
When power is restored to the equipment, personnel should not be allowed to work on
auxiliary circuits, e.g. Heaters, temperature detectors, current transformers etc.
Protection And Monitoring Devices
WARNING: It is essential that any protection or monitoring device for use with generators or
ancillary equipment should be connected and operational at all times unless specifically
stated otherwise herein. It should not be assumed that all necessary protection and
monitoring devices are supplied as part of BRUSH Electrical Machines Ltd. scope of supply.
Unless otherwise agreed, it is the responsibility of others to verify the correct operation of all
protection and monitoring equipment, whether supplied by BRUSH Electrical Machines Ltd.
or not. It is necessary to provide a secure environment that ensures operator safety and
limits potential damage to the generator and ancillary equipment. If requested, BRUSH
Electrical Machines Ltd. would be pleased to provide advice on any specific protection
application issues or concerns.

2
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Date: 5 August 2010
Page: 9 of 95
EU DIRECTIVES

3
Issue: C
Date: 5 August 2010
Page: 10 of 95
INTRODUCING THE PRISMIC A32 EXCITATION CONTROLLER

The PRISMIC A32 Excitation Controller is designed to control the excitation of a brushless
generator. Incorporating a wide range of features, the A32 is housed in a 19" rack assembly
requiring only external instruments and control switches to provide the complete excitation
system as shown in Figure 1.
For setup and commissioning of the A32 a PC is required. PC based software and two serial
communications cables are provided.
A copy of the factory test record and factory setup data is provided with the A32 in the form of a
BRUSH QC(T)48 document. When provided with a BRUSH generator, the A32 factory setup
data will be matched to the generator. The QC(T)48 document should be available when
commissioning the A32.
Figure 1: A32 Excitation Controller Scheme

4
Date: 5 August 2010
Issue: C
RATINGS
Max. continuous output current:
25A
Max. 10 second output current:
40A
Excitation supply voltage:
a.c. 110V to 330V single phase
Control circuitry supply voltage:
a.c. 115V to 270V single phase

or
d.c. 24V +15%, -20%
or
d.c. 110/125Vdc +15%
Page: 11 of 95
(a.c. and d.c. supplies may be used together for

increased integrity and to enable adjustment of
settings with only d.c. available)
Excitation supply frequency:
50Hz to 480Hz
Auxiliary dc Supply:
24Vdc +15%, -20% or 110/125Vdc +15%
Nominal sensing voltage:
100V to 120V selectable in 0.1V steps
Voltage sensing phases:
Three phase with single phase option
Voltage sensing input burden:
Less than 0.5VA per phase
Nominal generator frequency:
50Hz or 60Hz
*Current transformer input nominal:
5A or 1A.
Current transformer input burden:
Less than 0.5VA
Max. field voltage for forcing:
75% of single phase supply RMS voltage
Min. field voltage for negative forcing:
-75% of single phase supply RMS voltage
Accuracy of control:
0.25%
Operating temperature range:
-20C to +55C
Storage temperature range:
-20C to +80C
Dimensions:
Width 483mm, Height 266mm

Depth (Without Handle) 406mm
Depth (With Handle) 446mm
Free air space requirement:
For Ife continuous <10A: 1U gap above and below

(1.75/44.5mm)
For 10A < Ife continuous <20A: 2U gap above and
below (3.50/89mm)
For Ife continuous > 20A: 3U gap above and below
(5.25/133mm)
(Forced cooling is not required)
Weight:
23kg
Pollution Degree:

Date: 5 August 2010
Issue: C
Installation Category:
Class:
1 (Must be earthed)
Page: 12 of 95
*The unit is wired to be used with either 5A or 1A CT as specified on the BRUSH quality
document QC48 which is supplied with the unit. A minor internal wiring modification is
necessary to convert between 1A and 5A CT connection.

5
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FEATURES
(1)
Complete System Housed In A Single 19" 6U Rack
Includes power semiconductor and control circuits, power supplies, field isolation IGBT,
crowbar circuit including field suppression resistor.
(2)
Independent Main And Hot Standby Excitation Channels

The unit contains two digital excitation controllers, one acting as a hot standby to the
other. Each excitation controller derives its own power from the PMG voltage and/or the
auxiliary dc supply. This ensures multiple electronic power supply redundancy and also
allows the electronics to be powered up when machine is stationary. The two excitation
controllers follow each other automatically to enable smooth transfer from one to the
other.
Transfer to the standby system is initiated by a monitor module (which works from the unit
configured as the standby) in the following circumstances:
Voltage monitoring (over/under voltage on generator terminals)
Excitation monitoring (over/under excitation with time delays)
Over flux monitoring
Main Channel Failure
The settings for the monitor module are selected to enable the normal limiter settings to
operate first. (See Figure 2).
(3)
Figure 2: Generator Capability Curve

PC Based Setup And Maintenance Software
The unit is provided with PC based setup and maintenance software and cable for
connection to a standard PC 9 pin serial port. A PC is required to setup the A32.
(4)
Communication Port #1 For Set Up And Maintenance Of First Channel

Provided for connection to an RS232 port on a standard PC for commissioning.
(5)
Communication Port #2 For Set Up And Maintenance Of Second Channel

Provided for connection to an RS232 port on a standard PC for commissioning.
(6)
Communication Port #3 For Setup And Maintenance Of Channel A

Provided to allow reprogramming the second processor on the first channel and for
checking its firmware CRC. This port is only used during commissioning.
(7)
Communication Port #4 To The Operator Console PC

Provided to allow reprogramming the operator console PC. This port is not used during
commissioning or normal operation.

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(8)
Communication Port #5 For Setup And Maintenance Of Channel B

Provided to allow reprogramming the second processor on the second channel and for
checking its firmware CRC. This port is only used during commissioning.
(9)
Communication Port #6 For Modbus Comms

Provides an RS485 interface to allow plant supervision computers to adjust setpoints and
inspect generator and excitation system data using Modbus, see Clause 6.2.15.
(10)
Communication Port #7 For Ethernet Access

Provides an Ethernet interface to allow plant supervision computers to adjust setpoints
and inspect generator and excitation system data using ModbusTCP or EGD, see Clause
6.2.15.
(11)
Choice Of Setpoint Adjustment Method

Either external raise/lower contacts or SCADA, EGD or ModbusTCP communications
may be used.
(12)
Line Voltage Control Mode

In Line Voltage Control Mode, line voltage is controlled to a constant adjustable setpoint.
In this mode, parallel running capability is provided using quadrature current
compensation (QCC) with an adjustable droop setting.
(13)
Power Factor Control Mode

Available when parallel running.
(14)
VAr Control Mode

Available when parallel running.
(15)
VAr Shedding
VAr Shedding is available in Voltage, PF and VAr control modes of operation.
(16)
Soft Start Facility

After switching on excitation, line voltage is increased to the nominal level at an
adjustable rate.
(17)
Fast Acting Field Current Limiter

Limits excitation current to prevent excessive line current during power system faults.
(18)
Over Excitation Limiter

Using inverse time delay and temperature compensation if required, this facility is
provided to prevent overheating of the generator rotor.
Note: Depending on configuration, one or two RTDs need to be fitted to allow
temperature compensation on both channels of the A32. See Table 1 below.
Table 1: Product Data Pack Selection For A32 Configurations
A32 Configuration
Configuration A with single RTD
Configuration A with twin RTD
Configuration B with single RTD
Configuration B with twin RTD
X08 User Logic

963815601
963679701
964073601
963711101
X11 User Logic

963680001
963680001
963680001
963680001
(19)
Under Excitation Limiter

This facility enables operation of the generator at maximum capability with a leading
power factor but avoiding the danger of the generator pole slipping.
(20)
Over Flux Limiter

Excitation is controlled to ensure that generator line voltage is limited to a preset
adjustable voltage/frequency ratio to avoid over fluxing of the generator.

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(21)
Terminal Voltage Limiter

Excitation is controlled to ensure that generator terminal voltage is limited to a preset
adjustable value.
(22)
Selectable Standby System Control Mode

The standby system may be setup to operate in either Generator Voltage or Exciter Field
Current Control Mode. If setup to operate in Voltage control mode, VT failure diagnostics
will automatically switch control to field current control mode in case of VT failure.
(23)
Rotating Diode Failure Alarm

Detection of failed rotating diode or fuse is achieved by monitoring the ripple content of
exciter field current.
(24)
Adjustable Step Response

This facility enables an adjustable step increase in setpoint to be applied to evaluate the
stability settings of the excitation system. The PID parameters of the AVR may then be
adjusted accordingly. The step reduction in setpoint may be used to evaluate the
response of the under excitation limiter.
(25)
Event Recorder
A log of major events, such as limiter and monitor operations, and field suppression is
maintained within the unit. The events may be displayed using a PC connected to the
commissioning communications port.
(26)
Single/Dual RTD Configuration

The system may be configured to use either a single RTD or two RTDs. With a single
RTD, the channel connected to the RTD makes the temperature measurement and
transmits the reading to the second channel. With two RTDs, one per channel, each
channel can make its own independent temperature measurement. The configuration
depends on firmware.selection.
(27)
Manual Control
The system may be configured for manual control by switches on a control panel. This
feature depends on firmware selection.

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SPECIFICATION
6.1
General
The A32 is a dual channel AVR, where the main and standby channels both contain identical
excitation controllers. A drawing showing typical connections to the unit is provided in Section
16 - Attachments & Drawings.
6.2
6.2.1
Unless stated otherwise, all adjustments on both of the excitation controllers are made using the
HMI.
Controls
Voltage Control
(1)
Three Phase Sensing
Three phase voltage sensing is used on both channels.
(2)
Accuracy
0.25% of mean voltage.
(3)
Nominal Sensing Voltage

Nominal sensing voltage is entered as the primary value in Volts.
Frequency 50/60Hz 10%. Burden <0.5VA/phase.
(4)
Voltage Reference Adjustment

Adjustable between upper and lower limits in increments of 1% using voltage raise/lower
switches or relays in the local control panel to apply the auxiliary dc to the relevant
terminal. Internal isolation is provided. Adjustment of Vref may also be done via Comms.
(5)
Voltage Reference Adjustment Rate

The rate of change of voltage reference is adjustable between 0.01%/s and 20%/s.
(6)
Voltage Reference Limits

When generator terminals are on open circuit:
Upper limit adjustable from 80% to 150% of nominal voltage in 1% increments.
Lower limit adjustable from 1% to 100% of nominal voltage in 1% increments.
When generator terminals are on load (generator circuit breaker is closed):
Lower limit adjustable from 80% to 100% of nominal in 1% increments.
Upper limit adjustable from 90% to 110% of nominal voltage in 1% increments.
(Upper limit assumes no over flux limiter operation)
(7)
6.2.2
Voltage Reference Self-Centre

The voltage reference is reset to nominal voltage at 2%/s by the application of the dc
auxiliary supply via an external switch. Internal isolation is provided. (Voltage Reference
Self-Centre may also be selected via Comms).
Self centring works in voltage control mode. If self centring is on during soft start, self
centring becomes active and the voltage reference is set to attain 100% volts on the
generator terminals when soft start has finished.
Quadrature Current Compensation (QCC)
(1)
Nominal CT Current
5A or 1A, Burden <0.5VA.
(2)
Rated CT Current
Rated Current is expressed in Amps of the primary of the CT with 1A resolution.
(3)
Adjustable Droop
Adjustable from 0% to 20% in 1% steps for rated current at zero power factor lagging.

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6.2.3
6.2.4
6.2.5
6.2.6
Reverse QCC
Available for external reactance compensation.
Over-Flux Limiter
The ratio voltage/frequency is automatically limited to between 100% to 120% with the level
being adjustable in increments of 0.01%. (100% per unit voltage is the Nominal Sensing Voltage
referred to in Section 6.2.1, Item (3)).
Soft Start
After switching on excitation, line voltage is slowly increased to the nominal level. Ramping rate
is adjustable from 5%/s to 100%/s.
Excitation should only be switched on by energising the Excite input after the AVR Main
Electronics Supply has been applied. This should be achieved using a speed detector switch,
external to the AVR, which should be set to switch at 80% rated speed.
Speed Detection
The AVR has the capability to provide excitation build up when a preset % of rated speed is
reached. Excitation is removed when speed drops below the specified preset. Speed detection
by the AVR uses PMG frequency sensing.
Power Factor Or Reactive Current (VAr) Control
(1)
PF/VAr Reference Adjustment Range
Power Factor:
0.7 lagging to a 0.7 leading in increments of 0.01
VAr:
100% rated VArs lagging to 100% rated VArs leading at nominal volts
in increments of 0.01%.
(2)
Method Of Adjustment
By external raise/lower switches or relays on local panel. Adjustment may also be made
via comms.
(3)
Rate Of PF/VAr Reference Adjustment

For PF control, the rate of pf reference is adjustment is 0.001 per second to 0.1 per
second in increments of 0.001 per second.
For VAr control the range is adjustable from 0.01%/s (0.01% rated VArs per sec) to
10%/s (10% rated VArs per sec) in increments of 0.01%/s.
(4)
Accuracy
Power Factor Control:
Reactive Current Control:
(5)
1 at 100% rated current to 5 at 20% rated current

provided line current contains less than 2% harmonics.
2% of rated line current provided line current is greater than
10% rated and contains less than 2% harmonics.
Automatic VAr Shedding

When VAr Shed is selected, the A32 adjusts the excitation so as to get zero VArs. All the
different controllers of the A32 always follow the operating point of the generator so that if
control is transferred to a different controller it is bumpless.
(6)
6.2.7
Selection Of PF/VAr Control

Operation of external switches or relays will initiate PF or VAr control. Internal dc supply
isolation is provided. PF or VAr control may also be selected via comms.
Over Excitation Limiter
(1)
Limiting Level
Within range 50% to 150% of nominal Exciter Field Current in 0.01% increments.
(2)
Time Delay
An adjustable Integrating time delay is available.

(3)
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Temperature Compensation
By connecting a RTD located in the generator air intake to the AVR (no additional
transducer required) the over excitation limiter setting can be automatically adjusted
according to temperature.
Compensation range:
-10C to +55C
Compensation level:
Adjustable from -0.2% to -1% per C rise in 0.01%

increments.
Compensation characteristic:
Linear.

temperature compensation on both channels of the A32. See Table 1 Page 14.
6.2.8
Under Excitation Limiter

(1)
Leading Reactive Power Limit
The leading VAr limit at zero power is adjustable between 0% to -100% VArs in 0.01%
increments. Please see the commissioning section for a full description of the under
excitation limiter setting.
(2)
Limiting Level Characteristics

This is as an intersection of a line at Constant VArs (a line in the leading VArs region
parallel to the Power axis) with another line from the Power Axis moving towards the
leading Q region.
(3)
6.2.9
Voltage Compensation
UEL settings as entered on the presets are valid when terminal voltage is 1 pu. If network
conditions change causing terminal voltage to change then UEL is adjusted proportional
to the square of the change in voltage, if this feature is enabled (via HMI).
Fast Acting Field Current Limiter
(1)
Range
Adjustable from 100% to 500% of the nominal exciter field current in 1% steps.
(2)
6.2.10
6.2.11
Time Delay
Less than 0.05s.
Automatic Tracking Of Active Regulator
The follower logic is mathematically calculated in software such that transfer between the two
controllers and transfer of control between the various control modes within the same AVR is
smooth.
The following action is accurate and instantaneous and thus a null balance meter is not
required. to provide a null balance indication one would have to design a null balance simulation
device which is not necessary. The follower logic will only fail if the processor itself failed. This
situation is picked up by a watchdog error for that device.
Indications
Required indications are provided on a colour screen of the operator console mounted on the
front of the A32.
Watchdog dropout (program fails to cycle).
Over excitation limiter operating.
Under excitation limiter operating.
PF control selected.
Over Flux limiter operating.
VAr shed selected.
VAr control selected.

6.2.12
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Output Signals
(1)
Limiter Operating
A relay is used to provide a signal to indicate limiter operation.
(2)
Main/Standby Active
When the active channel changes an indication is provided via relay to the control panel.
(3)
Indication Of Standby At Minimum

This indication is remnant from the A30 and is not required by A32 as the standby
channel automatically tracks the main and is never at minimum unless excitation is off.
(4)
6.2.13
6.2.14
6.2.15
General Alarm
When the active channel changes an indication is provided via relay to the control panel.
Output Voltage
Each channel produces firing pulses that are supplied to a fully controlled full Wave Bridge
located in the mainframe. The maximum voltage that can be applied to the field is approximately
75% of the PMG voltage at the input to the bridge.
Local Serial Communication Ports
A serial communication port (COM1 for channel A and COM 2 for channel B) is provided for
transmitting and receiving information to or from the HMI for commissioning and maintenance.
Remote Communications Facility
(1)
Communications Protocol/Rate/Register Addresses
Ethernet Global Data and Modbus/TCP communication protocols are supported. Register
addresses and scaling factors are given in the attached 'A32 Holding Registers'
document (See Section 16 - Attachments & Drawings).
(2)
Set Point Adjustment Via Comms

In order to adjust the set points via comms it is necessary for the Local/Remote switch on
the operator console to be set to Remote, in which case the following set points are
adjustable via the communications link.
Note that unless Mode Selection via the HMI has been activated via the comms link,
the set points will remain selectable by hard wired signals as normal.
Note that the AVR will not allow a set point to be adjusted beyond the specified range.
Set Points available are:
Voltage Reference
VAr Reference
PF Reference
(3)
Mode Selection Via Comms

Note that unless Allow Mode Selection via Comms has been activated via the comms
link, the mode will remain selectable by hard wired switch signals as normal.
Note also that if Allow Mode Selection via Comms has been activated, selection of
the mode by hard wired switch signals is inactive.
The following modes are selectable via Comms:
P F Control
VAr Control
VAr Shed
Self Centre Voltage Reference
Reset Monitors
Allow mode selection Via Comms

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6.3
6.3.1
6.3.2
Viewing Flags And Data Via Comms

The comms link can be used to provide digital and analogue data at the remote terminal.
The available data is given in Section 16.
Monitors
General
The monitor function in A32 is provided by the standby channel.
Unless stated otherwise all adjustments to this card are made using the HMI.
Over Voltage Monitor
(1)
Accuracy
(2)
Trip Level
Adjustable between 90% to 140% in increments of 0.01%.
(3)
6.3.3
Time Delay
Adjustable integrating time delay having a range of 10% seconds to 100% seconds in 1%
second steps.
Over Flux Monitor
(1)
Measured Quantity
Ratio Line Voltage/Line Frequency
(2)
Trip Level
Adjustable between 90% and 125% in increments of 0.01%.
(3)
6.3.4
Time Delay
Adjustable integrating time delay having a range of 10% seconds to 100% seconds in 1%
second steps.
Under Voltage Monitor
(1)
Accuracy
(2)
Trip Level
Adjustable between 70% and 120% in 0.01% increments.
(3)
Time Delay
Adjustable integrating time delay having a range of 2%s to 25%s in 1%s steps.
(4)
6.3.5
Soft Start Inhibit

The under voltage monitor is inhibited during soft start.
Over Excitation Monitor
(1)
Operating Level
Adjustable within range 20% to 125% of nominal exciter field current in 0.01% steps.
Nominal exciter field current is defined as the current required to sustain rated VArs on
the generator terminals at the generators rated power level.
(2)
Time Delay
Adjustable integrating time delay is same as that set for the Over Excitation Limiter.
(3)
Temperature Compensation
The over excitation monitor is compensated for exciter input air temperature by a signal
from the RTD transducer.
Compensation range:
-10C to +55C
Compensation level:
Adjustable from -0.2% to -1.0% per C rise in 0.01%

increments.

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Compensation characteristic:
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Linear.

temperature compensation on both channels of the A32. See Table 1.
6.3.6
Under Excitation Monitor

(1)
Leading Reactive Current Tripping Level
The tripping level is set as an envelope that is a certain % outside of the Under Excitation
Limiter envelope. The range of the UEM setting is between 0% and 10% in 0.01%
increments.
(2)
6.3.7
6.3.8
Time Delay
A fixed time delay is included to prevent spurious tripping due to transients. This can be
set between 0s and 1s in 0.01s increments.
Monitor Indications
Monitor/Standby Failure (program fails to cycle).
Over Excitation monitor tripped.
Under Excitation monitor tripped.
Over Voltage monitor tripped.
Under Voltage monitor tripped.
Over Flux monitor tripped.
Monitor Output Signals
(1)
Monitor Trip
One signal is provided via CAN connection to select Standby control when any of the
following occur:
Over Excitation monitor tripped
Under Excitation monitor tripped
Over Voltage monitor tripped
Under Voltage monitor tripped
Over Flux monitor tripped
(2)
6.3.9
6.3.10
6.3.11
6.3.12
Monitor Fault Alarm

A signal is provided to energise the general alarm relay and prevent automatic selection
of Standby control when the Standby unit (and with it the monitor) fails.
Monitor Latch/Reset
When any of the monitors trip they remain latched until the fault is removed and the reset is
activated from the operator console. Logic in the AVR prevents return to main channel until
monitors are reset.
Monitor Inhibit
Operation of the monitor can be inhibited if required by an external switch signal.
Local Serial Communication Port
A serial communication port (COM1 & COM2) is provided for transmitting and receiving
information to or from the HMI for commissioning and maintenance.
Remote Serial Communications Facility
Remote communication with the active A32 channel is particularly useful for adjustment of
settings, selection of operating modes, and acquisition of data for display on a remote terminal
via a serial link. Remote serial communication with the Monitor is less useful and not available
on the standard system.

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A32 ENCLOSURE OVERVIEW
7.1
A32 Front Panel

The A32 front panel is shown in Figure 3 below.
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Figure 3: Front Panel

The front panel includes the following features:
(1)
Colour LCD Screen

This is used to display a menu based application interfacing with the A32.
(2)
LCD Control Buttons

These buttons are used to implement specific functions on the LCD screen.
(3)
Key Pad
The key pad and menu buttons allow the User to navigate through the menu based HMI
application on the LCD screen.
(4)
Comm. Ports
COM1 can be used to connect the PC based HMI to Channel A of the A32, and COM2
can be used to connect to Channel B.
(5)
Excitation Control Buttons and Key Switches

The following are provided:
(a)
Maintenance Mode On/Off Key Switch

When this key switch is in the 'ON' position the AVR excitation can be controlled
using the 'Excitation ON', 'Excitation OFF' and 'Maintenance Mode Trip Field'
pushbuttons.
(b)
Commissioning Ife Control On/Off Key Switch

This key switch can be used to place the A32 in exciter field current control mode
during the commissioning stage. This allows the Commissioning Engineer to raise
and lower excitation in exciter field current control from zero to the maximum rating
of the A32. This feature is useful for carrying out short circuit testing of the
generator.

(c)
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Maintenance Mode Trip Field Pushbutton

This pushbutton is hard wired to a solid state device which isolates the AVR from
the exciter field.
Note: This pushbutton only works when the 'Maintenance Mode' key switch is in
the 'ON' position.
(d)
Excitation On And Excitation Off Pushbuttons

The function of these pushbuttons is self-explanatory. The operation of these
pushbuttons is routed through the internal PC that drives the operator console.
Note: These buttons are only active when the 'Maintenance Mode' key switch is
in the 'ON' position.
(6)
7.2
Excitation Raise/Lower Buttons

These pushbuttons are used to 'RAISE/LOWER' excitation when the 'Maintenance Mode'
key switch is in the 'ON' position.
A32 Rear Connections

Figure 4 shows the rear of the A32 enclosure.
COM 3 is a serial link to A32 channel As second processor, COM5 is a serial link to A32
channel Bs second processor, COM 4 is a serial link to the operator console PC, COM 6 is a
CANBUS link to both channels of the A32 and COM7 is a RJ45 for Ethernet communication.
The console reset switch resets the PC that drives the operator console on the front panel. This
does not reset the AVR or the excitation and is quite safe to use while excitation is switched on.
Plugs X21 to X26 are electrical connections to the A32 and so is the terminal rail X01. An M6
earth stud is provided for connecting enclosure to earth.
Figure 4: Rear View of the A32

8
8.1
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FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The A32 excitation regulator consists of a generator terminal voltage regulation loop, a field
current regulation loop and circuits for generating control pulses for the thyristor rectifier.
Generator Terminal Voltage Regulation Loop
In normal on-load operation the generator terminal voltage regulation loop has the
characteristics of a Proportional and Integral (PI) regulator. In no-load running of the generator
and during operation of supervisory regulation (automatic synchroniser, reactive power
regulation, power factor regulation), the transfer function has only the proportional characteristic.
Generator terminal voltage regulation loop consists of:
Reference setting of generator terminal voltage
Actual value of open terminal voltage (Vt)
Reactive power compensation (QCC)Power system stabiliser
Over excitation limiter
Stator current limiter
Under excitation limiter
Limiter of the ratio of generator terminal voltage to frequency (V / Hz limiter)
Generator terminal voltage limiter
Regulator output limiter
The purpose of the above mentioned facilities is to secure stable operation of the generator
within limits given by the capability diagram of the generator and respecting a certain timelimited overload.
With the generator breaker closed and the regulator operating in normal PI control mode, the
control loop operates on the difference between the reference voltage setting and the corrected
value of generator terminal voltage Vt. The corrections applied to the value of generator terminal
voltage Vt are: reactive power compensation (QCC); the output signals of all limiters (see
Clause 8.5); and power system stabiliser. The PI regulator has the transfer function:
KA +
KA
s TA
The output voltage limiter is located on the output of the PI (or P) voltage regulator. There are
two levels of the limitation adjusting according to the kind of failure which initialised this
limitation.
In the case of the excitation systems with exciter (ac, dc or brushless exciter) the regulator is
equipped with an internal loop of exciter excitation current, this loop has a proportional
regulation characteristic.
The AVR is also equipped with a derivative stabilizing feedback taken from the field current,
which is used especially in cases of brushless systems (feedback taken from the exciter field
current).

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Figure 5: AVR Structure

Adjustable parameters:
Desig. Value Max
KB
1500
8.2
Min
100
KA
80
TA
16000
100
KF
500
TF
2000
100
KLC
*
20
-20
200
Table C22
Field current regulator prop.
gain [0.01]
Voltage regulator prop. gain
[0.01]
Voltage regulator integral
time constant [ms]
Field current stab. FB gain
(Vt control)
Field current stab. FB time
constant (Vt control) [ms]
QCC coefficient [%]
Regulation modes transfer
coefficient
H Reg.
40061
40062
40063
40064
40065
40066
40067
*Regulation modes transfer coefficient 40067 is used for smooth transfer between modes of
regulation (e.g. transfer from the voltage regulation to reactive power regulation) or between
regulators (i.e. between channels if available). In these cases it is necessary to recalculate the
setpoint of the currently controlled quantity corresponding to the particular generator operating
point to the setpoint of the quantity which will be controlled after the transfer and at the same
time maintaining the generator operating point unchanged. The value of the constant 40067 is
given by variable r37 that can be read by the HMI or Excel debugger.
Generator Terminal Voltage Reference
The generator terminal voltage reference (Vref) is indicated in register HR40302 r00 Vref. It is
increased or reduced using control buttons, "RAISE" or "LOWER", within an adjustable range
set in presets HR40082 r03* Voltage Reference Lower Limit at no load and 40083 r04*
Voltage Reference Upper Limit at no load. When excitation is switched 'ON', voltage is applied
to the generator field and it is ramped up to a percentage of Vref set in HR40086 r09* Soft Start
Target at the rate of change set in register HR40087 r0A Soft Start Rate. The voltage
reference setting can be further modified by add on controllers (voltage equaliser, reactive
power regulator, power factor regulator).

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H Reg
40081
40082
40083
40084
40085
40086
40087
8.3
Name
r01 Rate of change of voltage reference
r03* Voltage Reference Lower Limit at no load
r04* Voltage Reference Upper Limit at no load
r05* Voltage Reference Lower Limit when on grid
r06* Voltage Reference Upper Limit when on grid
r09* Soft Start Target
r0A Soft Start Rate
Units
%/s
%
%
%
%
%
%/s
Generator Terminal Voltage With Reactive Power Compensation

The actual generator terminal voltage value (program variable Vt) reaches, at the nominal
voltage, the value Vt=100 [%]. The actual generator terminal voltage is corrected by a signal
proportional to reactive power (program variable Q). This correction signal expressed in % is
called reactive power compensation (also called QCC or droop). The setting is entered in preset
HR40066. A negative number in this preset will cause voltage to fall as lagging reactive power
is increased and a positive number in this preset will cause voltage to rise as lagging reactive
power is increased (see Figure 6 and Figure 7 below).
A30 users should note that this is opposite to A30. A positive value of QCC in A30 would cause
a decrease in line volts with increasing lagging reactive power.
Figure 6: Voltage Drop Across Unit Transformer

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Figure 7: Reactive Power Compensation Example

H Reg
40066
8.4
Name
r11E QCC coefficient
Units
%
Power System Stabiliser PSS2B

The A32 contains a power system stabiliser, which implements PSS2B functionality according
to IEEE Std421.5-1992, Article 8.2. Inputs to the stabiliser are compensated frequency fc and
electrical power P, which are signals that are derived from current and voltage transformer
inputs.
The purpose of a power system stabiliser is to dampen low-frequency swings of the
synchronous generator rotor by biasing the automatic voltage regulator set-point. These
electromechanical swings can be divided into three categories:
Inter-Area Mode: Typical frequency range 0.2 - 0.5 Hz
Local Mode: Typical frequency range 0.7 - 2.0 Hz
Inter Unit Mode: Typical frequency range 1.5 - 3.0 Hz
Damping coefficient of a synchronous generator is influenced mainly by generator design,
system reactance, and quality of excitation system including the choice of AVR settings.
Modulation of generator excitation can produce transient changes in the generators electrical
power output, whilst the steady state electrical power remains equal to the mechanical input
power.
A power system stabiliser must produce a component of electrical torque that opposes the
change in rotor speed in order to improve the damping. Suitable input signals for damping are
active electrical power Pe and shaft speed. The A32 uses both of these signals, which are
evaluated from CTs and VTs situated on the generator terminals. Rotor speed is replaced by
the frequency of generator internal voltage fc.

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The magnitude of generator internal voltage is proportional to the generator field and its position
is tied to the q-axis of the rotor. Therefore shifts in internal voltage phasor position correspond
with the generator rotor position and the derived compensated frequency fc corresponds to the
shaft speed. Derivation of the internal voltage phasor U is depicted graphically in Figure 8.
c
Figure 8: Derivation Of Generator Voltages & Current

When disturbed by a sudden change in operating conditions, the generator speed and
electrical power Pe will vary around their steady state operating values. The relationship
between these quantities can be expressed in a simplified form of the swing equation. Using per
unit power and small deviations in rotor speed, the swing equation can be expressed as:
Equation 1
d
1
(Pm Pe ) = 1 Pa
=
dt 2H
2H
In Equation 1 Pm is the per unit mechanical power, Pe is the per unit electrical power, Pa is the
per unit accelerating power, H is the constant of inertia expressed in MWs/MVA and is the
angular speed of rotor in radians per second.
By applying Laplace transform to Equation 1 and multiplying both sides of the equation with:
1
1 + s2H
We obtain:
Equation 2
p (s ) s2H(s )
p m (s )
= e
+
1 + s2H 1 + s2H 1 + s2H

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Equation 2 can be represented graphically as:
Figure 9: Reconstruction of Mechanical Power

The mechanical power signal is passed through a ramp-tracking filter. The corresponding block
diagram is shown in Figure 10.
Figure 10: Application of Ramp Tracking Filter on Mechanical Power

After subtracting the signal
Pe
1 + s2H
in accordance with Equation 1 and Equation 2 we obtain accelerating power,

Pa
1 + s2H
that is suitable to dampen oscillations (See Figure 11).
Figure 11: Calculation Of Accelerating Power

In a practical power system stabilizer deviation of power and speed are used instead of actual
power and speed so that only oscillations are damped. Variations caused by non-oscillatory
control functions do not cause any reaction from the PSS. Deviations are realized by inserting
washout filters (with transfer function sTw/(1+sTw)) in series with the and P signals. This
eliminates the dc components from both input signals. The output signal, which is proportional
to accelerating power, must be phase shifted to compensate for the phase lag through
generator, excitation and power system. This is achieved by using two or three stages of leadlag filters with transfer function (1+sTi) / (1+sTj). The final structure of the power system
stabiliser conforming to IEEE 421.5-1992 is shown in Figure 12.

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Figure 12: PSS2B Structure

Where:
fC
KS1, KS2, KS3
M, N
P
T1, T3, T10
T2, T4, T11
T6,T7
T8,T9
Tw1,Tw2,Tw3,Tw4
V1,V2,V3,V4,V5,V6
VST
VSTM,-VSTM
compensated frequency, frequency of internal generator voltage

stabiliser gain
grade of torsional filter
active electric power
phase lead time constant
phase lag time constant
low pass filter time constant
torsional filter time constants
washout time constant
power system stabiliser internal variables (accessible for tests)
power system stabiliser output
power system stabiliser output limit

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Adjustable parameters for the PSS2B power system stabiliser:

H Reg
40167
40168
40169
40170
40171
40172
40173
40174
40175
40176
40177
40178
40179
40180
40181
40182
40183
40184
40185
40186
40187
40188
40189
40190
40191
40192
40193
40198
40199
40200
40201
8.5
Name
PSS_Alt Selection of PSS Type
Ks1 Total PSS Gain
Ks2 Power Branch Gain
Ks3 Gain Mixture Power/Frequency
Tw1 Washout Time Constant
T6 LP Filter Time Constant
T7 LP Filter Time Constant
T8 Torsional Filter Time Constant
T9 Torsional Filter Time Constant
M Grade of Torsional Filter
N Grade of Torsional Filter
T1 Phase Lead Time Constant
T2 Phase Lag Time Constant
VSTM PSS Output Limit
Ks4 Output Scaling
Pmin Minimum Active Power
Delay of PSS Output Diagnostics
Error Level of PSS Output
ton Ramp Time Constant
toff Ramp Time Constant
FTATT Filters Testing Input Attenuation
TestFreq Test Signal Frequency
FTEST Filters Testing Status
Internal Step Signal Time
Units
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
%
%
s
%
s
s
Hz
s
Limiters
Note: All of the limiters exhibit hysteresis with a dead band of 2%. This means, for example,
that if the limit alarm is switched on by a signal reaching 105%, it will remain on until the
signal drops below 103%.
8.5.1
Over Excitation Limiter (OEL)

Figure 13 shows the structure of the over excitation limiter. The limiter is an integral regulator
with its output clamped to positive values only and a time delay, Tf, which depends upon the
level of exciter field current, Ife, compared to the specified exciter field current limit, Ifm, according
to the relationship:
Tz
Ife
1dt
Tf =
I
0 fm
If the exciter field current limit Ifm is exceeded, the delay circuit starts timing, if the time delay, Tf,
is at least equal to reference time delay, TZ, the limiter decreases exciter field current to the Ifm.
If the exciter field current rises above the level of maximum current, IfM, (IfM > Ifm), the limiter
decreases current to the set value IfM without delay. At the same time the delay circuit starts and
after time TZ passes, the exciter field current is further decreased to limit Ifm.

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Figure 13: Over Excitation Limiter Structure

Where in Figure 13:
Ifm
IfM
If
Tz
Tf
Ifn
maximum continuous value of field current (limiter delayed action)

maximum actual value of field current (limiter immediate action)
actual field current
time delay for limiter intervention (depends on actual rotor current)
limiter time constant which expresses the limiter intervention delay when field current If
=141%
nominal field current
The temperature coefficient is used to scale the over excitation limiter (OEL) reference as a
function of temperature. At 15C the OEL limit in HR40137 is used. If temperature is not 15C
then the OEL setpoint is adjusted depending on the temperature coefficient entered in
HR40141. A positive temperature coefficient increases the OEL setpoint as temperature
increases. If a negative temperature coefficient is used, the OEL setpoint decreases as
temperature increases. (Negative temperature compensation is normally used).
H Reg
40137
40138
40139
40140
40141
8.5.2
Name
r70 OEL Setpoint
r74 Time delay of Limiter action when 141% over the limit
r77 Limiter Deactivation Counter Coefficient
r78 Integral Time Constant for OEL
r79 Temperature Correction Coefficient for OEL
Units
%Ifn
s
ms
%/C
Stator Current Limiter (SCL)

Figure 14 shows the structure of the stator current limiter. The limiter is an integral regulator and
a time delay Tt, which depends upon the level of the stator current It compared to the specified
stator field current limit, Itm, according to the relationship:
Tt =
Tz
It
I
0 tm
1dt
where:
Itm
ItM
It
Tz
Tt
Itn
maximum continuous value of stator current (delayed limiter action)

maximum actual value of stator current (immediate limiter action)
actual value of stator current
time of the limiter intervention delay (depends on actual stator current values)
limiter constant which expresses the time of the limiter intervention delay when value of
stator current It = 141% was reached
nominal terminal current

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If the stator current limit, Itm, is exceeded, the delay circuit starts timing, if the time delay, Tt, is at
least equal to reference time delay, TZ, the limiter decreases stator current to the Itm. If the stator
current rises above the level of maximum current, ItM, (ItM > Itm), the limiter decreases current to
the set value ItM without delay. At the same time the delay circuit starts and after time TZ passes
the rotor current is further decreased to limit Itm.
Stator current limiter action is different in the overexcited and underexcited areas of the
capability diagram. In the overexcited state, generator excitation is reduced. In the underexcited
state generator excitation is increased. If the active current exceeds the stator current limit, the
limiter keeps the working point of the generator at zero reactive power (minimum achievable
value of stator current, when excitation regulator is in operation).
Figure 14: Stator Current Limiter Structure

H Reg
40143
40144
40145
40146
40147
40148
40149
40150
40151
Name
r80 Stator Current Limiter Set point
r82 Fast Stator Current Limiter Set point
r84 Time delay of limiter action when 141% over the limit
r87 Limiter deactivation counter coefficient
r88 Integral time constant of the SCL
rDC Multiplier of SCL in 40143 to obtain SC Limit at20C
rDD Multiplier of SCL in 40143 to obtain SC Limit at 60C
rDB Temp. for SCL setpoint in 40143 (rated generator air inlet temp.)
rDA Temp. at which the temp. correction lines break
Units
%Itn
%Itn
s
ms
C
C
As can be seen from the table above, the SCL settings are entered in Holding Registers 40143
to 40151. The SCL setpoint as a function of temperature is shown in Figure 15 below:

8.5.3
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Figure 15: SCL Limit vs. Temperature

In Figure 15 above, the solid line shows the actual SCL limit used by the A32 at any given
temperature. The slope of the line on the left hand side of the HR40151 line depends on the
values entered in 40148 and 40143, and the slope of the line to the right hand side of the
HR40151 line depends on the values entered in 40149 and 40143. The SCL limit level entered
in 40143 is the value at the temperature specified in HR40150. HR40151 specifies the
temperature at which the SCL temperature characteristic breaks. The value in HR40151 must
be less than or equal to the value in HR40150.
Under Excitation Limiter (UEL)
The under excitation limiter is a PI regulator with its output clamped to positive values only.
The under excitation limit area is shown in Figure 16. The limit area is bounded by the line from
P0 to Q0 and its intersection with the line at Q1 (the limit line is highlighted in bold). If the
generator operating point goes outside the bold line with decreasing Q the limiter will activate.
P0, Q0 and Q1 are settable in units of relative apparent power.
The under excitation error signal is calculated from the difference between the actual value of
reactive power and the UE limit. This error signal is either summed with feedback of the
generator field current or fed directly in to the PI regulator depending on the level of real power
drawn from the generator. Figure 17 shows the overall structure of the under excitation limiter.
Figure 16: Under Excitation Limiter Area

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Figure 17: Under Excitation Limiter Structure

H Reg
40111
40112
40113
40114
40115
40116
40117
40118
40119
8.5.4
Name
rA3 UEL limit point Po: P when Q = 0
rA4 UEL limit point Qo: Q when P = 0
rA5 UEL Limit point Q1
rAA P Gain of UEL
rAB Integral time constant of UEL
rB0 Gain of If/Ife feedback to the UEL controller
rB1 Time constant of If/Ife feedback to UEL controller
rB6 Power Threshold above which UEL output is normal
rB7 Power Threshold below which UEL output is zero
Units
%Sn
%Sn
%Sn
ms
ms
%Pn
%Pn
Output of the under excitation limiter (UEL) goes to the summing junction of the AVR.
Parameters HR40118 and HR40119 are used to control the gain of the exciter field current
stabilizing signal used by the UEL. If power is less than the value in HR40119, output of Ife
feedback to the UEL control loop is zero. If power is between the two settings, the output of the
UEL is multiplied by a factor between 0 and 1. This factor is linearly increased from 0 when
power is equal to the value in HR40119, to 1 when power is equal to the value in HR40118.
Over Flux (V/Hz) Limiter
This limiter is carried out as an integral regulator and is shown in Figure 18. Its operation is
dependent on the comparison of time, TV/Hz, calculated from the actual value of V/Hz over the
set value (V/Hz)m according to the relationship:
Tz
V / Hz
1dt
TV / Hz = 10
(V / Hz ) m
0
with the limiter intervention delay, Tz.

where:
Tz
V/Hz
(V/Hz )m
TV/Hz
limiter intervention delay

actual value of ratio V/Hz
maximum continuous ratio V/Hz (delayed limiter action)
delay when the limit value (V/Hz)m is exceeded by 10%
If the limit (V/Hz)m is exceeded, then after time delay TZ the limiter will cause the excitation
regulator to decrease the generator excitation, so that the rate V/Hz will be return to limit
(V/Hz)m.

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Figure 18: Over Flux Limiter (V/HZ Limiter) Structure

H Reg
40129
40130
40131
40132
8.5.5
Name
r90 V/f Setpoint
r92 Limiter Activation Delay when V/f 10% over the limit
r94 V/f Limiter Deactivation Multiplier
r95 Integral time constant of V/f controller
Units
%
s
ms
Generator Terminal Voltage Limiter

The generator terminal voltage limiter is an integral regulator. When the set level of generator
terminal voltage is exceeded, the limiter keeps the generator terminal voltage at the limit even if
the generator terminal voltage reference setting is increased. A diagram of the limiter is shown
in Figure 19.
Figure 19: Terminal Voltage Limiter Structure

H Reg
40134
40135
8.6
Name
r122 Terminal Voltage Limiter Set Point
r123 Integral Time constant for Terminal Voltage Limiter
Units
%
ms
Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR)

The Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) is a PI regulator and its structure is illustrated in Figure
20. The error signal for the voltage regulation loop is derived from the difference between the
reference voltage setting and actual generator terminal voltage corrected by reactive power
compensation (see Clause 8.7), output signals from the limiters (see Clause 8.5) and power
system stabilizer (see Clause 8.4). The error signal is processed in the PI regulator with the
transfer function:
KA +
KA
s TA

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During no-load running of the generator and during operation of one of the add-on regulators
(voltage equaliser, reactive power regulator, power factor regulator described in Clause 8.7),
the transfer function has only a proportional characteristic.
The output voltage limiter is located on the output of the PI (P) voltage regulator. There are two
possible limits according to the type of failure, which initialised the limiter.
For cases of excitation systems with an exciter (ac, dc or brushless exciters) the regulator is
equipped with an internal loop for exciter current, this loop has a proportional characteristic.
The AVR is also equipped with derivative stabilizing feedback from the field current, which is
used especially in case of brushless systems (feedback is taken from the exciter field current).
Figure 21 shows the detailed connection of the various limiters into the AVR summing junction
of Figure 20.
Figure 20: AVR Structure
Figure 21: Detail of Limiters Signal Connection to AVR

H Reg
40061
40062
40063
40064
40065
40066
40067
Name
r119 Field current regulator P Gain
r111 Voltage regulator P Gain
r112 Integral Time constant of the voltage regulator
rF0 or r100 Gain of the Ife/If stabilising feedback
rF1 or r101 Time constant Ife'/If' stabilising feedback
r11E QCC coefficient
r127 Smooth Transfer Coefficient between Modes and AVRs
Units
ms
ms
%

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8.7
Add On Regulators
8.7.1
Reactive Power (Q) Regulator (Or VAr Control) and Power Factor (PF) Regulator
The reactive power (Q) regulator, shown in Figure 22, evaluates the deviation between the
required and the actual value of reactive power and alters the generator terminal voltage
reference setting to achieve the required Q (taking consideration of the limiters). It is used
particularly during operational shut down of the generator, when regulation to Q=0 is preselected.
Figure 22: Reactive Power Regulator Structure

The Power Factor (PF) regulator, in Figure 23, works in the same way as the reactive power
regulator, but its reactive power reference value corresponds to the power factor reference.
Figure 23: PF Regulator Structure

H Reg
40091
40092
40093
40094
40095
40096
40097
40098
40099
8.7.2
Name
r11 Rate of change of VAR Reference
r13* VAr Setpoint if 'Excitation Off' received when on the grid
r14 VAr Regulator Output Limit when external VAr reference is used
(r14<r15)
r15 VAr Regulator Output Limit when internal VAr reference is used
(P06)
r19 Rate of change of PF Reference
r1F PF Reference Setpoint for Specific Application
r1A Limit of PF Reference in Under excited Area
r1B Limit of PF Reference in Overexcited Area
r145* Integral time constant of PF Control Loop
Units
%/s
%
%
%
1/s
Field Current Regulator

Field current regulation is of the Proportional type. The regulation loop has its own reference
setting for the field current, which is controlled by RAISE and LOWER commands. Transfer
to field current regulation can be initialised by pre-selection or failure of a sensor unit. If a
sensor unit failure occurs and the generator is operating on the network, the limit values of the
field current are adjusted so as to prevent the generator working in the under excited area. The
field current regulator also prevents the rotor current exceeding the maximum for the generator.
If the generator is disconnected from the network, the generator field current reference is set to
the value corresponding to no-load.

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Figure 24: Field Current Regulator Structure

H Reg
40061
40101
40102
40103
40104
40105
Name
r119 Field current regulator P Gain
r21 or r41 Rate of change of If/Ife reference
r2D* Lower Limit of If/Ife Reference on no load
r2E Field Amps set point decrease level at over speed in cases when
no speed feedback
r2F Gen. speed settling time after load rejection
rBD Field current filtering coefficient
Units
%/s
%
%
s

9
9.1
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A32 CAPABILITY DIAGRAM EDITOR

The A32 generates the Capability Diagram from information contained in a data file. A default
data file is installed as part of the A32 software installation. This file is the same for all A32
installations.
The Capability Diagram Editor allows a custom data file to be created by using the front panel
keypad. When created, the capability Diagram is generated from the custom data file instead of
the default file.
Using The Editor
The Editor is accessed by pressing the Support button on the front panel (the button labelled i)
until the screen titled Capability Editor is displayed. This screen displays the Editors main
menu as shown in the example screenshot below.
Figure 25: Capability Diagram Editor

9.2
Edit Options
The Editor menu contains options to edit the data defining various parts of the diagram. Extra
options appear when there is new data to be saved to file.
Selecting an Edit option displays a new screen consisting of an area for edit controls on the left
and an area for data display on the right, as shown in the following screenshot for the curve
editor.
Figure 26: Example of Screen Layout


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The edit controls and the presentation of the data display are specific to the chosen edit option.
Initially after a new install, the data display on the right is almost completely blank. The data
display builds up as data is entered using the edit controls. The data display is updated as data
is entered to show the effect of the change.
The key codes for two front panel buttons have been redefined to make data entry and screen
navigation easier:
the Fn1 button is redefined to behave like a tab key
the plus button is redefined to enter a . symbol (decimal point).
The . appears on screen when the plus button is pressed. Note: this method of entering a .
has been extended to the Network Settings screen.
These key code changes apply to all the Editor screens for consistency.
The following table summarizes the use of the front panel keys.
Key
Fn1
OK
0 9, -, CANCEL
+
9.3
9.4
Function
Tabs between edit controls
Navigation
Navigation
1) Start editing a table value
2) Complete entry of a value
3) Button selection
Set values
Enters decimal point
Saving And Reloading Data

The Editor menu contains options to save or reload data if a change is made on any edit
screen. The save option allows the data to be saved in the custom data file and the reload
option allows any unsaved changes to be undone by reloading the custom data file. The custom
data file is created the first time data is saved.
Using The Custom Data File
The custom data file is brought into use for the Capability Diagram screen by restarting the A32
(caution: any unsaved data will be lost). If the custom data file cannot be found or contains no
data points, the default data file from the software installation package is used.
When the custom data file is in use, changes made in the Editor are also visible on the
Capability Diagram screen. A modified title bar is shown when the data used to generate the
diagram has not been saved

9.5
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Figure 27: Capability Diagram From Custom Data File Plus Unsaved Changes
The following sections describe each edit option in more detail.
Curve Editor
The curve editor allows curve data points to be added, changed or deleted. A diagram may
contain several curves, either as complete curves or as branches off a previously defined curve.
The screen for the curve editor is shown below.
Figure 28: Data Points Editor Screen With No Data Points

The edit control displays the data points in table format with the currently selected data point
highlighted. The currently selected point is also highlighted by a cursor in the data display. The
data points for all curves appear in the table. to enter two curves for example, enter the first
curve then just continue adding data points for the second curve immediately after the first.
The column headed No gives the row number of the point (row numbering starts at 0). The P
and Q columns display the ordinates of the data points in MW and MVAr.
Data points are entered by pressing OK on the add button and then setting the P and Q values.
to avoid having to navigate between the table and the add button for each point, a number of
data points can be added first before setting the values.
New points added to the end of the table with the P and Q values initially set to 0. to set the
value, highlight the points row, use the arrow keys to select the P or Q column and press OK.
The value then becomes editable and can be set by pressing OK again.

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Data points should be entered so that the first point of a curve lies on the negative Q axis (P =
0) and the last point of the curve lies on the positive Q axis.
Edit Control
Column No
Column P
Function
Data point number
Active power
Column Q
Add button
Reactive power
Appends a data point with
P=Q=0.0
Inserts a data point on the
row before the highlighted
row
Deletes the highlighted
row
returns to the main menu
Insert button
Delete button
Back button
9.6
To Set Value
To Enter
Numerics keys, + key to

enter decimal point
Ditto
Press OK
Press OK
Press OK
Press OK
Press OK
Press OK
Power Factor Lines

The power factor lines editor allows information lines to be created, changed or deleted. The
screen for the power factor lines editor is shown below.
Figure 29: Power Factor Line Editor

To add a line press OK on the new button. This creates a line for power factor 0.5. Edit the PF
field to change the value.
Edit Control
PF
Lagging/Leadi
ng
next
new
delete
back
Function
Text entry for power factor
value
Indicates leading/lagging
Moves the cursor to the
next power factor line
Creates a new line at
power factor 0.5.
Deletes the current line
Returns to the main menu
To Set Value
Numeric keys, + key to
enter decimal point
buttons
To Enter
Press OK
Press OK
Press OK
Press OK
Press OK

9.7
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Label Editor
The label editor allows temperature labels to be created and positioned on the screen. The
screen for the label editor is shown below.
Figure 30: Label Editor Screen

Pressing OK on the new button creates a label with default value and position displayed in the
text entry fields. These fields can be edited to change the values and position. Pressing OK on
any text entry field enters the values for all three fields.
Edit Control
Temp
Position P
Position Q
next
new
delete
back
Function
Sets the temperature value
displayed by the label
Sets the position of the
label
Sets the position of the
label
Moves the cursor between
labels
Creates a new label with
default value and position
Deletes the current label
To Set Value
enter decimal point
Numeric keys, + key enters
decimal point
Numeric keys, + key enters
decimal point
To Enter
Press OK
Press OK
Press OK
Press OK
Press OK
Press OK

9.8
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Scales Editor
The scales editor allows the scaling of the P axis and Q axis to be changed. The axis scales
are set automatically in order to maximise the size of the diagram. The Scales editor can be
used to override the automatic scaling. The screen for the scales editor is shown below.
Figure 31: Scales Editor

Automatic scaling operates if the entered values are too small to allow the complete diagram to
be displayed.
Edit Control
P Max
Function
Sets the full scale P
Q Max
Sets the +ve Q ordinate
Q Min
Sets the ve Q ordinate Q
back
To Set Value
enter decimal point
Numeric keys, + key
enters decimal point
Numeric keys, + key
enters decimal point
To Enter
Press OK
Press OK
Press OK
Press OK

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10
WINDOWS HMI COMMISSIONING SOFTWARE
10.1
Introduction
The A32 Excitation controller can be commissioned using a PC running special BRUSH
software referred to as the Human Machine Interface (HMI). The HMI software and the serial
communication cable that connects between A32 and PC are supplied with the unit.
Commissioning Parts
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
Standard RS232 Cable 9F/9F.

HMI Software Package
Commissioning PC
Standard PC with Windows 95/98/2000, XP or Vista operating system and RS232 serial port.
PC Software Installation
The software runs under MS Windows (NT 4.0, 95/98, XP or Vista) and should install
automatically when the CD is inserted. If Autorun is disabled on your PC the setup application
can be run directly from the CD. Using the supplied serial communication cable, connect the PC
COM1 serial port to the serial port of the A32 unit.
Running the HMI Application
On the Windows desktop, double click on the AVR HMInt icon to run the software.
Figure 32: HMI Desktop Icon

10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
10.10
10.11
HMI Configuration
The HMI can be used to work with various BRUSH PRISMIC Excitation Controllers/Cards
including the A32. The HMI automatically detects the controller that is connected.
The HMI software indicates healthy communication with the unit to be setup by showing rotating
' / ' symbol in the bottom right corner of the HMI Window Status Bar. If this symbol is stationary,
there is no communication and the HMI cannot be used to display relevant data.
Exiting The HMI Application
Close the HMI application in the normal manner for any Windows application, i.e. select Exit
from the File menu or press [Alt] [F4].
HMI Displays Available
There are several displays, each display shows values corresponding to some A32 feature or
functional block.
Trending
The trend display is used to show the value of the selected variable over a particular time span.
The speed of communication is such that the trend display is unsuitable for accurately
displaying generator response, but can be useful for displaying long term changes. This feature
is accessible directly from the HMI main menu.
Presets
Presets are accessible directly from the HMI main menu. Here you can set and change various
A32 parameters and constants. There are two lists of presets - Maintenance presets and
Operator presets. Maintenance presets is an exhaustive list of all the presets, whereas the
operator presets are split into categories to group the presets accordingly making it easier to
find them as required. (Both lists contain the same presets). The method of changing a
particular preset value is the same in both cases.
HMI Default Passwords
There are no passwords set.

10.12
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Changing A Preset, Setting A Parameter

To change a preset parameter, follow this procedure:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
10.13
Issue: C
Go to the menu - Presets, there are two lists of presets Operator Preset and
Maintenance Preset as described above.
For example choose Operator Preset - and choose one of available presets.
The chosen preset dialog appears.
Right Click on the line with the parameter, where a change should be made.
The Edit Preset dialog box appears. Set the change with the up and down buttons and
press the Transmit button. The change is done.
Figure 33: Edit Preset Dialog

The Edit Preset dialog disappears after approximately 60 seconds or it can be closed manually.
Maintenance
Maintenance display is accessible directly from the HMI main menu. The contents of all A32
holding registers and holding bits can be viewed. The contents cannot be changed here, it only
displays values.
Figure 34: HMI Menu - Maintenance

10.14
Logging
HMI logging features are accessible directly from the main menu. Here are several logging
options.
Figure 35: Logging Options

Note: to see the actual measured value, you can use the standard HMI trending feature.
This chapter describes, how to record measured data and events and save them to the disk
as a file.
Save Presets To File - when chosen, a save file dialog box appears. Enter the path and
new filename. All actual presets (operator and maintenance) will be saved into this file
filename.csv.
Save All Registers To File - when chosen, a save file dialog box appears. Enter the path
and new filename. The contents of all HR registers will be saved into desired file.

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View Event Log - Displays an event log window (content is automatically updated when an
event occurs). The event history is stored here (A32 reset, logical variable changes, control
variable changes etc.). From within the Event Log window it is possible to export the events
to a file in .csv format.
Analog Data Logging - a more complex logging feature which allows the user to gather a
number of data items using automatic or manual triggering. Sample rate of up to 100 per
second is available. See Section 12 for more detailed description of this feature.

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11
PSS TESTING
11.1
General
The setting up of the Power System Stabiliser (PSS) is not part of the scope of this manual.
Here test facilities provided for the commissioning of the PSS in the A32 are presented.
WARNING: Wrongly set PSS can cause the generator to be unstable potentially causing
damage to equipment. It is recommended that the tuning of PSS is only carried out by power
system experts who have considered the effects on other generators in the plant and the
system beyond in order to tune the PSS.
Figure 36 shows the block diagram representation of the PSS in the A32 and how it interfaces
with the AVR. There are two types of PSS in the A32 namely PSS2B and PSS3B. Even though
it is possible to utilise PSS3B it will not be discussed in any detail here. PSS3B is used in
specific applications only, whereas PSS2B is the widely used model for power system
stabilisers. Using and testing of PSS2B is discussed here.
Figure 36: Functional Block Diagram Of PSS In A32

11.2
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Test Modes Of The PSS

The PSS, based on the IEEE PSS2B model, consists of a number of filters as shown in Figure
37. The A32 provides the commissioning engineer with the ability to test the operation of the
various filter stages as illustrated with test points in Table 2.
Figure 37: The PSS2B Structure And Test Points

Table 2: Test Points
FTEST
SIG 1
SIG 2
(HR40200)
(Test Input)
(Test Output)
0
NA
NA
1
fc
V1
2
P
V2
3
V3
V4
4
V5
V6
5
V7
V8
6
V5
V8
7
P
V6
11.3
PSS2B filters are tested by applying a test signal at the test input and looking at the output at
the test output. The selection of input output pair is controlled by adjusting the FTEST
parameter (HR40200 in maintenance presets). As shown in Table 2 there are 8 possible
settings of FTEST, of which FTEST of 0 is reserved for normal operation of the PSS. FTEST of
1-7 is available for testing. For example if FTEST of 1 is used then the test signal is applied at
test point fc and the output is viewed at test point V1. As can be seen in Figure 37, this tests the
filters on the frequency input.
Switching Off Filters
By setting the denominator time constant of any filter to 0 it is possible to bypass the filter. For
example, with FTEST set to 1, if T6 is set to zero then this filter is bypassed. This means that
the test signal will only pass through the two filters with time constants tw1 and tw2. This feature
could be useful during the tuning of the PSS where certain filters need to be bypassed.

11.4
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Test Signals
The PSS filters can be tested by using an internally generated test signal. Amplitude of test
signals is referred to here in %. These percentage values are based on the nominal voltage of
the machine. That is to say if a test signal of 10% in amplitude is applied to the summing
junction then this will cause the terminal voltage to rise by 10%. The HMI also displays all test
signals in percentage.
The test signal can be viewed on the HMI as TestSig Test Signal in HR40331. In Figure 36 this
is written as TEST_Sig.
The internal signal generator by default generates a signal that is 10% in amplitude.
The A32 needs to be told whether an internal or external signal is used for testing. The use of
external test signals is not discussed in this manual as the internal signal generator is normally
adequate. Hence, the internal test signal mode should normally be selected. This can be done
most conveniently by accessing the Testing window on the HMI through the Testing Menu, see
Figure 38. TestSig Test Signal in HR40331 is automatically populated with the chosen test
signal.
The next step is to adjust the amplitude of the test signal to the required level for testing. This is
done by setting the attenuation setting FTATT in preset HR40198. TestiSig is divided by value
in HR40198 and the output is called SIG1 which can be viewed in HR40332. SIG1 is the signal
that gets applied to the input of the filters under test. For example if FTEST is 1 then SIG 1 is
applied to test point fc. The output of the filters can be seen in SIG2 which can be seen in
HR40333, in this example SIG2 will contain the output seen at test point V1. By comparing SIG1
and SIG2 it is possible to test the response of the filter. It is recommended that the analog data
logging facility in the A32 is used to view SIG1 and SIG2, this is the most convenient way of
carrying out filter tests. It is, however, also possible to route SIG2 out via analog output for
connecting to an external measurement kit.

11.5
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Testing Window
For ease of PSS testing, a PSS Testing interface can be accessed via the Testing menu on the
HMI. The PSS testing window is shown in Figure 38.
Figure 38: PSS Testing Window

Test Signal Mode:
In this section specify whether an internally generated test signal (normally adequate) is to be
used or an external test signal is to be used.
Test Signal Parameters:
In this section the filter branch to be tested is selected by choosing the value of FTEST (see
Table 2). FTATT is also set to specify the amplitude of the test signal as described previously.
Internal Test Signal Parameters:
This part is only active if internal test signal is specified in the Test signal mode subsection,
which should usually be the case. Specify whether the test signal is required to be a sine wave
or a step.
Sine Wave Parameters:
This section is only active if sine wave test signal has been chosen. If active, press the Edit
button to the right of TestFreq Test Signal Frequency to specify the frequency of the sine wave.
Sine wave test signal amplitude displays the amplitude of the test signal as a percentage of
nominal line voltage.
Step Parameters:
This part is only active if a step test signal is chosen. If active, it is possible to set the Internal
Step Signal Time in seconds using the Edit button. When the step test signal is activated, it
automatically returns back to zero after the Internal Step Signal Time has expired. Step test
signal amplitude shows the amplitude of the step test signal as a percentage of nominal volts.

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Two buttons Start signal and Stop signal are provided to apply and remove the test signal
manually. In the case of an internal test step signal, the test signal automatically disables itself
after the specified delay. If required, manual stop from the Stop signal button is possible. to the
right of these two buttons the signal status is displayed as either Stopped or Started.
Analog Data Logging:
In order to record PSS test results using the analog data logger, it is recommended that the
analog data logging window is opened from the Logging menu. It can then be set up in the
usual way. Automatic triggers are not available. Manual triggering of the data log from singleshot mode is available for testing purposes. The minimum sampling period is 10ms. Do not
select sampling period of 5ms.
This section has two control buttons and one display item. Reset logger for this test will clear
any previously full data log memory in readiness for testing. If pressed, the progress bar to the
right of the text Logs primed ticks to indicate the progress of the priming of data logging
memory area. Priming of memory is done so that specified number of data before the trigger
point can be caught. It is also possible to invoke the Analog data logging wizard by pressing the
button with the same name. When pressed the following data logging wizard window appears.
Figure 39: Analog Data Logging Wizard From Test Window

This window is slightly different to the first step of analog data logging wizard when selected
from the data logger window itself. Here it is possible to select a previously specified test
configuration which records three variables TestSignal SIG1 and SIG2 which are convenient
signals for PSS testing. These can be changed in the next step of analog data logging. Further
steps of the Analog Data Logging (ADL) Configuration Wizard are the same as that of the
standard ADL wizard described in Clause 12.2.

12
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ANALOG DATA LOGGING

The A32 is equipped with the Analog data logging (ADL) facility. This feature is accessible from
the windows HMI through the Logging menu item as shown in Figure 40.
Figure 40: Selecting Analogue Data Logging

The Analog Data Logging option allows up to four sets of recordings to be made. Each set can
contain up to eight recorded variables. Recorded data stored in the A32 memory can be
transferred to a file on the user's PC if required. Each sample of the recorded data is 2 bytes
wide and the total memory available for recordings is 32kB.
12.1
Recording options can be configured. Data already stored in the A32 memory is lost when the
logging configuration is changed.
Logging Chart Parameters:
Analog Logging Wizard
This button starts the analog logging wizard. This is further explained in Section 12.2.
Log
This is a drop down list that allows the user to select a particular recording from a number of
recordings that might have been stored in the A32 memory. The number of recordings to be
taken is configured through the 'Analog Logging Wizard'. This drop down list automatically
adjusts itself according to the entry made in the former.
Left Hand Scale
This drop down menu allows the user to select which variable is displayed on the left-hand axis
of the graph. The colour of the values corresponds to the colour of the associated line.
Right Hand Scale
This drop down menu allows the user to select which variable is displayed on the right hand axis
of the graph. The colour of the values corresponds to the colour of the associated line.

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Status
This indicates the current status of the data logger in obtaining the required information. There
are four stages that the logger goes through, these are:
Priming this is when the logger is configuring the A32 and collecting a buffer of information
to use once the trigger has been activated.
Ready to Record this appears once priming has finished. The logger is waiting for user
input or an automatic trigger to begin logging the data.
Receiving Plot the logger is receiving information from the A32.
Recording Complete the logger has collected all the data and the chart is displayed in the
window.
Abort Recording
This button is enabled during the last 2 of the above statuses; it will cancel the loggers current
task and display the data acquired up to that point.
Send Trigger
This is a manual trigger which activates the data recording. It is usually used if no automatic
trigger has been selected.
Reset All Logs On The A32
Clears the buffers in the A32 and primes the buffers according to the existing configuration. It is
not necessary to clear the logs each time new data is required, as the logger will do this
automatically.
Auto Resize Chart
When checked, this option will enable the size of the graph area to be altered by changing the
size of the window itself.
Show Grid
This toggles the grid on and off in the graph area of the window. See 'Save' below.
Load
Loads any previously saved data.
Save
Saves the displayed data as a *.tnd file.
Save Config
Saves the current configuration information as *.adld. This can be used for future testing.
Export
Allows the data to be exported with a csv extension for viewing using other products such as
MS Excel.
Plot Settings
Allows the colour of the individual plots to be changed (See Figure 41). Select the plot you wish
to alter in the select variable drop down menu, then edit the colour in the Plot Colour
subsection of the window. It is also possible to alter the plot scaling in the Plot Scaling
subsection of the window; the default setting is auto.

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Figure 41: Edit Plot Settings Window

12.2
Analog Logging Wizard

Note: After sending new recording configuration to the A32, all previously stored data
records will be lost.
Before proceeding, ensure that the A32 is connected and is communicating with the HMI.
This feature is a simple way to use the analog data logger. All of the data loggers features are
available through here.
12.2.1
The analog logging wizard comprises of 5 steps.

Analog Logging Wizard Step 1
When the analog logging wizard is selected the first of five steps, shown in Figure 42, is loaded.
Figure 42: Analog Data Logging Wizard Step 1

In this step the user is given the choice of either creating a new logging configuration or to use a
previously stored configuration.

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If 'Choose a previously-saved configuration' is selected, the Browse button activates and the
User is able to browse through the folders to locate the configuration file. Configuration files are
saved as *.adld. When a configuration file is selected, this is automatically sent to the A32 and
we jump directly to step 4 of the logging wizard.
12.2.2
If Create a new logging configuration is selected and the Next > button is clicked, step 2 is
loaded.
The analog logging wizard step 2 allows the user to select variables to be recorded. Any
combination can be selected as required. Also an automatic trigger can be selected in this
window. This is shown in Figure 43.

When the automatic trigger selected here goes from False to True, it activates data recording.
Data recording stops when the sample count after, specified in step 4, is reached. The total
recording comprises of a number of samples before and a number of samples after the trigger
as specified by Before points and After points respectively.
12.2.3
Step 3 is loaded when the next > button is pressed.

This step allows the user to select one of the two modes of the analog data logging as shown in
Figure 44. Either a single mode or a multiple mode is possible. The single mode is designed for
testing purposes and only and does not allow partitioning of the buffer for multiple logs. When a
trigger is applied the logging stops. to record another log, the buffer has to be reset using the
button provided and a new trigger has to be sent.
In cyclic mode, the logging buffer is subdivided to allow two, three or four data logs. It allows
manual and automatic triggering. Breaker status changing from closed to open is available as
an automatic trigger in firmware. Data is stored cyclically, i.e. first log 1 is triggered, then log 2
and then log 3 and then log 4. After this log 1 is overwritten and then log 2 and then so on. At
any given time the four most recently triggered logs are available.

12.2.4
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Press Next > to go to step 4.
In this step the sample time, number of buffers, total capture time and amount of data to be
captured before and after trigger point are set. Figure 45 shows the window where Step 4 is
configured. Below is a description of the various sections contained within the window.
(a)

Timing Constraints Sub Section
This section of the step 4 window allows the user to set the Sample Time which is the
rate at which data points are logged to the A32 memory. A slider bar is provided to
change the Sample Time, or a value can be entered directly. Also, number of buffers can
be set. This dictates to how many sub-sections the A32 data-logging memory is to be
divided. The minimum setting is one and the maximum is four (in single mode only 1 can
be selected here, in cyclic mode a setting between 2 and 4 is allowed). The recording
contained in each sub-section can be downloaded and viewed on the HMI.
There are also two information windows here which display the following:

(b)
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(1)
Maximum no. of samples that can be stored - This term is self explanatory. It
displays the maximum number of samples per data logging buffer that can be
stored.
(2)
No of samples that will be recorded - this location displays the actual number of
samples that will be stored depending on the logging configuration that is set.
Trigger Point Sub Section

This sub section allows the user to select the Total Capture Time and to set the ratio of
the amount of data to be captured before and after the trigger is issued.
The total capture time is set in the window of the same name. There are four buttons <<,
<, > and >> that can be used to set the capture time or it is also possible to directly
enter a value by pressing the button.
A movable slider bar is provided to set the ratio of the number of data to be captured
before trigger point to the number of data to be captured after the trigger point. Also three
buttons 25%, 50% and 75% are provided to set the ratio to these pre-set values.
Also present in this section are four displays before points, after points, before time
and after time. As their names suggest these display either the length of time or the
number of data points that will be stored before and after the trigger.
12.2.5
When Next > is pressed step 5 of the logging wizard is loaded.

Step 5 of the analog logging wizard is shown in Figure 46.

Here the plot settings can be adjusted to manually set the data logger plot. When this is done
and the 'Send' button is pressed, a window appears which confirms that the configuration has
been sent (see Figure 47).
This step allows the user to save the configuration for later use. If this option is selected, the
user is allowed to select a filename and a path where the file is to be stored. Once this has been
done, the file can be used later by selecting choose previously saved configuration in step 1
(Section 12.2.1). Pushing the 'Close...' button completes the analogue data logging
configuration. The logger then primes itself according to the configuration, and sits waiting for a
trigger.

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Figure 47: Analog Data Logging Save Configuration Window

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13
INSTALLATION AND MECHANICAL DETAILS
13.1
Introduction
Installation should be carried out by qualified personnel and in accordance with local wiring
regulations. Anyone working on the A32 should understand the meaning of the various symbols
marked on the unit. The symbols used are listed in Table 3 below together with their description.
Table 3: Warning Symbols Fitted To A32 Excitation Controller
Symbol
Publication
Description
IEC 60417 No. 5019
Protective conductor terminal.
IEC 617-2 No. 02-02-06
IEC 60417 No. 5031
IEC 60417 No. 5041
Three phase alternating current.

Direct current.
CAUTION: Heat sink at rear may get hot.
ISO 7000 No.0434
WARNINGS:
a) Do not drop debris into the AVR.
b) Do not cover the top of the AVR when in
operation. Leave 150mm clearance above and
below the AVR for ventilation.
c) Equipment must be disconnected from
live/hazardous voltages before opening the
door. Please read the handbook carefully.
d) Connection between the rear Remote Comms
port and the SCADA must be made via an
isolating module.
e) Hazardous voltages at the rear terminal block
and plugs. See Table 4 below. Note that other
terminals may be hazardous depending on
application.
f) Ensure that the Earth is connected to the rearearthing stud before commencing work on the
unit.
Power supplies to the A32 are fed through the auxiliary dc link and the PMG connection. These
links are permanently connected through connectors at the rear of the unit. Table 4 below lists
all the terminals that contain hazardous voltages on the plugs at the rear of the unit.
Table 4: Voltages On Plugs At Rear Of A32 Excitation Controller
Voltage Inputs
Plugs
Terminals
Excitation Supply:
115 -270 V ac / 700 mA / 50Hz- 480 Hz
X01
2, 4, 6, 8
115 -330 V ac / 25A / 50Hz- 480 Hz
X01
1. 3. 5. 7
Sensing:
X23
7, 8, 9, 10, 18
100 120 V, 50/60 Hz, 2VA / phase
X24
16
Auxiliary DC Supplies
110 125 V dc /0.9A
X01
9, 10
24 V dc / 1.8 A
X01
11, 12
Voltage Outputs
X24
6
24 V dc / 0.5 A
X25
9, 10, 11, 12, 13
Earthing
A sound earth connection must be made to the earth terminal at the rear of the AVR.

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Means Of Isolation From Power Sources

The excitation supply and the auxiliary dc supply voltages, as given in Table 4 are the two
sources of power for the unit. In case of emergency, the excitation supply can be disconnected
using an isolator located between the PMG and the A32. The auxiliary dc supply can be
disconnected using a miniature circuit breaker (MCB). These isolation methods must be
implemented in the rack or Generator Control Panel (GCP).
13.2
13.3
PMG Fuses
The supply from the PMG must be fitted with fuses on the PMG side.
Installation
The A32 Excitation Controller is primarily designed for mounting into a standard 19" rack
cabinet, but can be mounted on any sturdy panel with a suitable cut-out. Where the unit is fitted
into a cut-out, some form of vertical stiffening is required behind the panel at each side of the
cut-out to support the cantilevered weight of the unit. For fixing dimensions, refer to the General
Arrangement drawing (See Section 16).
In addition to the above stiffening, it is advisable to either provide support under the rear of the
unit, or to remove the unit during transit. If channels are provided either side of the AVR so that
the unit `sits' on these when in position, these will ease subsequent removal for inspection and
maintenance.
Ventilation
It is important to ensure the appropriate free air space above and below the unit to allow
adequate thermal cooling. The free space needed depends on the magnitude of the exciter field
current as follows:
For Ife continuous < 10A: 1U gap above and below (1.75/44.5mm)
For 10A < Ife continuous < 20A: 2U gap above and below (3.50/89mm)
For Ife continuous > 20A: 3U gap above and below (5.25/133mm)
13.4
The top cover of the AVR is perforated to allow ventilation, and should not be obstructed or
covered.
Wiring To The A32 Excitation Controller
Connections to the AVR are made to a fixed terminal rail and to 6 removable plugs for light
current connections. The fixed terminal rail is suitable for cables up to 4mm2 and the 6 light
current plugs are suitable for cables up to 2.5mm (if a crimped ferrule is used refer to Clause
13.5.1)
All connections use a cage clamp type of terminal in which the clamping force adjusts
automatically to the conductor cross-section. The flat clamping face of the cage clamp spring
presses the conductor against the current bar without damage. Any deformation or movement of
the conductor is automatically compensated so eliminating the risk of a loose connection.
The types of conductors that are suitable, with conductor preparation (anti-splaying protection)
are shown in Figure 48.

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Figure 48: Types Of Conductors

A sound earth connection must be made to the earth stud at the rear of the AVR.
Only one wire should be connected per terminal, particularly in the case of connecting the PMG
to the electronics supply (terminals 1-8 on X01 see attached drawings) where each
connection should be via an individual wire.
13.5
13.5.1
Care should be taken not to allow debris to drop through the cover of the AVR during
installation.
Wiring To The Plug
Two methods of wiring the plug are recommended:
Method 1
(1)
Firmly secure the plug in the approximate final position (the ideal way to do this is to
insert the plug into its socket on the A32 Excitation Controller).
(2)
Strip back the insulation from the cable to a distance of 7mm to 8mm or fit a crimped
ferrule if a contract requirement.
(3)
Insert the cage clamp tool or a small screwdriver into the terminal to open the cage
clamp, and insert the cable ensuring that the clamp grips the conductor and that no stray
strands are left exposed. See Figure 49 below.
Figure 49: Connection Of Conductors - Front Entry

13.5.2
Method 2 (Using The Special Lever To Open The Cage Clamp)

(1)
Prepare the cable as described in Clause 13.5.1 Item (2).
(2)
Holding the plug in the hand, depress the special lever and insert the cable into the
clamp. See Figure 50 and Figure 51 below.

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Figure 50: Connection Of Conductors - Side Entry With Lever For Self-Mounting
13.6
Figure 51: Dimension Drawing of Conductor With Lever For Self-Mounting

(3)
Release the lever and check that no cable strands remain exposed.
Safety
The A32 Excitation Controller should be installed in a manner so the rear connections cannot
be accidentally touched when the equipment is energised.
13.7
Mechanical Details
The PRISMIC A32 Excitation Controller is a standard 19" wide rack, 6u high, of overall
dimensions 483mm wide, 266mm high, 406mm deep. Approximate weight is 23kg.
The General Arrangement drawing (see Section 16), shows the overall dimensions of the unit
and positions of the rear connections.

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14
COMMISSIONING
14.1
Introduction
This section deals with all the aspects of the commissioning of the A32. Some basic
requirements are explained first then followed by detailed description of the commissioning
procedures.
The Per Unit System
The per-unit system is based on the generator field current at rated load. In this case the ceiling
factor is:
14.2
pL =
Vfp
Vfn
where:
Vfp - maximum voltage that the excitation system is able to supply from its terminals
Vfn - rated (nominal) field voltage
Note, however, that for dynamic modelling, the per-unit system is usually based on the air gap
line field current. The no-load ceiling factor is:
p0 =
Vfp
Vfn
Vfp
(If 0L x R t )
If0L is the air gap field current and Rt the hot rotor resistance.
In accordance with the definitions above, the base values are chosen such that 1pu is
equivalent to the rated value of the physical quantity in question. The AVR presents these
numbers as a % with two decimal places of accuracy. Listed below are a selection of variables
that are displayed as a percentage in the A32 HMI;
14.3
14.4
Ufe - Exciter Field Voltage

Ife - Exciter Field Current
Vref - Voltage Reference
Ut - Generator Terminal Voltage
fn - Generator Frequency
S - Volt Amps
P - Power
Q - MVAr
Commissioning Software
Setpoint adjustments and debugging can be done using the BRUSH HMI Software running on a
PC. Some diagnostics are also possible from the operator console located on the front of the
A32.
Applying Test Steps To Vref
A signal generator built into the A32 software can be used to apply a test step signal (or a sine
wave) to the summing junction of the AVR using the steps below:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Open AVR Test and Diagnostics (C24) window from the Presets, Operator Presets
menu on the A32 HMI.
Set the test signal amplitude in HR 40073 AVRTS_Ampl AVR Test Signal Amplitude (%
of Vref)' as a percentage of the Nominal Terminal Volts. Enter a negative value for
downward step.
Set the test signal clamp level in HR 40072 r0C Test Signal Clamp level (symmetric, %
of Vref)', to desired value as a % of the Nominal Terminal Volts.
Set the test signal frequency to 0 in HR 40074 AVRTS_Freq AVR Test Signal
Frequency'. This creates a step signal rather than a sine wave. to apply a sine wave enter
the frequency of the signal required here.

(5)
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To apply the step configured using (1) to (4) above to the summing junction of the AVR,
use the Commissioning Vews menu to display the Test Signals Window. In the AVR
Tests section of this Window enable Testing input r02 to the AVR summing junction then
enable Internal Test Signal.
If the Commissioning Views option is not displayed, use the Test_AVR button on the
lower left hand side of the HMI to enable Testing signal r02 at summing junction followed
by Enable Internal Testing signal for AVR.
(6)
If the Commissioning Views option is not displayed, use the Test_AVR button on the
lower left hand side of the HMI to enable Testing signal r02 at summing junction followed
by Enable Internal Testing signal for AVR.The status of the step signal can be viewed in
Display 9 AVR Test Signal Display.
During Commissioning it may also be necessary to Enable or Disable the various software
modules. The available modules are given in Table 5 below. Depending on the firmware
version, all Modules except the Monitor are enabled or disabled by using the Modules button in
the bottom left hand corner of the HMI or the Modules window from Commissioning Views. The
Monitor is Enabled by setting maintenance preset HR 40232 to 1 and Disabled by setting the
same to 0. Status of items marked as * are not saved when the unit is powered down. Statuses
of other items are saved in non volatile RAM. The limiters and QCC are Enabled as a default, P
controller when offline is the default and PSS is Disabled as default. Note that to Enable PSS it
is necessary to satisfy other conditions.
Table 5: List Of A32 Modules That Can Be Enabled/Disabled
No.
Module Name
1*
PI Controller Enable/Disable PI controller when offline.
2
PSS2B
3
PSS3B
4*
PSS
5*
All Limiters and QCC
6*
Over Excitation Limiter (OEL)
7*
Stator Current Limiter (SCL)
8*
Over Flux Limier (U/f)
9*
Under Excitation Limiter (UEL)
10*
Quadrature Current Compensation (QCC)
11*
Terminal Voltage Limiter
12
PF/VAr Refs from maintenance presets
13
Day/Night PF control mode
14
Temperature compensation of stator current limiter
15
Voltage compensation of stator current limiter
16
OEL temperature compensation
17
V2 correction of UEL
18
A32 in remote mode
14.5
Protection Testing (Exciter Field Current Control)

The protection gear testing normally involves putting a short on the generator terminals and
then applying excitation in the exciter field current control mode. The A32 can be put in the
exciter field current control mode by turning the key switch labelled Commissioning Ife Control
on the operator console to the ON position. When this is done and excitation is switched on,
the A32 operates in state 13 (state information is available on Display 3 Regulator Display of
the A32 HMI). In mode 13 exciter field current reference can be changed without bounds.
WARNING: If using Commissioning Ife Control selected by key switch on the front of the
A32 or by setting preset HR40002 to 1, then transfer of excitation to the second channel
and/or transfer to voltage control is not possible. If one attempts to do so then excitation will
suppress regardless of breaker status. Any transfers must be done first by suppressing
excitation.

14.6
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There are other exciter field current control modes in the A32 which are for use during normal
operation, in these modes the exciter field current reference values are limited to protect the
machine (see Section 14.6.1 Item (6) and Item (7)). During certain failures the AVR will
automatically switch excitation to exciter field current control mode. All switching takes place
smoothly.
A32 Parameters And Set Up
Here the various parameters that are required to Commission the A32 are discussed. The
Commissioning parameters are found under A32 HMI Menu Presets, Maintenance Presets (see
Figure 52 below).
Figure 52: HMI Menu Presets - Maintenance Preset

14.6.1
Explanation Of The Commissioning Presets

Because of the large number of presets that exist on the A32, commissioning presets has been
broken down into four parts. Some presets which are not required for Brushless systems have
been removed.
A quality control record (QC48) will be provided for each generator, and all parameters should
be set to the values suggested in the QC48. Where a value needs to be adjusted during
commissioning, reference should be made to the Commissioning section of this manual and
BRUSH should be contacted if necessary.
After each test, parameters should be reset to the values stated in the QC48.
Some commissioning presets which require special set-up are described below:
(1)
HR 40002 - B01_preset Voltage(0)/Field Current(1)/Angle Control(2) Selection

To select voltage control mode enter 0, to select field current control mode enter 1. Angle
control can be selected during testing but isnt available during commissioning.
(2)
HR 40006 - SyncRange Power Converter (Thyristor Bridge) Supply Voltage Range

This parameter is used to configure the A32 for the supply to the thyristor bridge being
used. Enter a value here from Table 6 below.
Table 6: Guide For Setting Up The Preset 40006 Based On PMG Volts And Frequency
HR 40006 Value
PMG Volts and Frequency Condition
5
PMG Volts <= 100 and PMG frequency > 150 Hz
0
15
10
21
PMG Volts <= 100 and PMG frequency > 50 - 60 Hz
16
31
26

(3)
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HR 40026 - Terminal Current Comparator For GCB Status (Switch On)

Enter the terminal current level for the software logic to decide that the generator circuit
breaker is closed. This logic operates in parallel to the breaker status signal which may
be wired in to a digital input. By setting this parameter and the parameter in HR 40027 to
zero this bit of the software logic can be disabled, in which case a reliable breaker status
signal must be wired in. It is, however, possible to use both (hard wired breaker status
and terminal current based logic) but this parameter must be set up carefully.
Note: Incorrect setting of this parameter and HR40027 can cause the AVR to
malfunction.
(4)
HR 40027 - Terminal Current Comparator For GCB Status (Switch Off)

Enter the level of terminal current required to turn the breaker status logic from on to off.
Also set this to 0 if breaker status signal is available and wired in, in order to switch off the
evaluation of GCB status from terminal current comparator. If this logic is required, the
value in this parameter must be carefully set up on a site to site basis.
(5)
HR 40036 - KBS Excitation Set Configuration

For brushless excitation system where the built in PSS is not required, enter 2.
For brushless excitation system where the built in PSS is required, enter 18.
(6)
HR40041 IF0 Exciter Field Current For Full Speed No Load Excitation
This is the value of exciter field current to which the AVR will control to if operating in
exciter field current control mode when offline (CB open). This would normally occur only
if VT fuse failure should occur when the machine is offline. It is also worth noting that this
parameter is not applicable when in Commissioning field current control mode.
The actual level should be verified at the commissioning stage. If, due to calibration error
at the low level of exciter field current, exciter field current sensing (Ife [%] on HMI Display
1 Sensor Data) at FSNL is not as specified in this preset, then change this preset to the
measured value of exciter field current at FSNL.
(7)
HR40042 IF1 Exciter Field Current When V and I = 1u And At Unity PF

If in exciter field current control mode when online (CB closed), then this is the minimum
allowed value of the exciter field current reference that will be allowed. This suggested
value is used because it means that the machine cannot be taken into the leading area
when operating online in field current control mode.
However, site conditions should be taken into consideration and this value should be
changed. For example, in islanded systems, the suggested value may cause an
unacceptable voltage rise. In such cases an appropriately low value should be set. If a
lower value is used then the site personnel must be instructed to very carefully monitor
the VARs when operating in field current control mode to ensure the machine does not
drift into the unstable area as MW changes.
(8)
HR 40043 - IFP Ceiling Exciter Field Current (% Of Nominal)

This is the maximum attainable exciter field current expressed as a percentage of the
nominal exciter field current. Nominal exciter field current is defined as the value which is
required to attain rated conditions on the generated terminals (i.e. rated P, Q at the
specified power factor).
(9)
HR40089 - Initial Value Of VArRef (If Module Enabled)

If module PF/VAr from maintenance presets is enabled from the HMI, a flag z12C is set.
Every time VAr operation is selected (via switch or comms) VArRef is initialised to the
value entered in this parameter. It is subsequently possible to change VAr's via
'Raise'/'lower' switches. On sites where a fixed VAr level is always required after the
generator is taken on-line, this feature can be useful.

(10)
14.6.2
14.6.3
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HR40090 - Initial Value Of PFRef (If Module Enabled)

This parameter serves the same purpose as Item (9) above, but for a PF controller. But if
Day/Night PF module is enabled this parameter serves as the day time PF reference. It
is not possible to enable both Day/Night PF module and PF/VAr from maintenance
presets module at the same time.
Parameters for the various limiters and monitor are described in their respective sections.
The Operating States
At any given time the operation of the A32 falls under one of the following states. The state
information (j01) is displayed on the first row of HMI Display 3 Regulator Display.
Table 7: A List of the States of the A32 Excitation Controller and a Brief Description of
Each State
State
Description
(j01)
0
Idle
1
Following
2
Spare
3
Terminal Voltage Regulation No Load
4
Equalising (Normally equalizes voltage, except if synchronizer enabled when
speed is equalized.
5
Terminal Voltage Regulation Loaded
6
Vref Proportional to Speed when Machine is Slowing Down (Nuclear)
7
Local VAr Control - via Operator Console or Generator Control Panel Switches.
8
Remote VAr Control via Communication
9
Offload VAr (Q = 0)
10
Power Factor Regulation
11
Islanded Operation
12
Field current (If/Ife) Regulation No Load
13
Commissioning If/Ife Control Mode
14
Field current (If/Ife) Regulation Loaded
15
Field current (If/Ife) regulation for restoration of synchronism (Hydro)
16
Electric Braking If/Ife Regulation (Hydro)
17
Field Current (If/Ife) Control No Load (field current to obtain nominal terminal
voltage)
18
Firing Angle at 150.
19
Firing Angle at 90
20
Angle Control via Generator Control Panel Switches or Operator Console.
21
Terminal Voltage Regulation When configured to excite auxiliary generator.
Pre-Commissioning Checks
Prior to commissioning the A32 Excitation Controller unit, it is important to complete
commissioning of the protection system for the generator and associated power equipment.
Having verified that these are correct the following preliminary checks should be made on the
excitation system:
(1)
Check that the PMG output is correctly wired and that PMG output is not earthed in its
terminal box.
(2)
Check that the sensing signals (CTs and PTs) are correct in polarity and phasing.
(3)
Check that exciter field is correctly wired.
(4)
Check that all wiring external to the AVR is secure and correct to the contract circuit
diagram. Ensure that the earth stud is solidly earthed.
(5)
Visually check that the AVR has not been physically damaged during transit to site.
(6)
Ensure that the auxiliary dc supply voltage corresponds to that indicated in the A32
Excitation Controller test certificate QC48.
(7)
Power the A32 electronics by connecting an auxiliary dc supply of 110/125V dc to X01:9
(+) and X01:10 (-) or if 24 V dc to X01:11(+) and X01:12(-). This will supply power to both
channels. If there is a green bar going across the middle of the operator console (the
colour LCD display on the front of the A32), it indicates that the operator console is active.
Alternatively, the windows HMI can be connected to channel A and then to channel B to
see that both channels are communicating.

(8)
(9)
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On the operator console use the Menu button and navigate to the Commands tab and
go to row labelled Defaults and click on Restore. This ensures that the presets that are
programmed into the A32 will be copied to RAM. After this, check that the software
version and check sums on the two channels correspond to those given in the A32
Excitation Controller test certificate QC48. If defaults are not restored then the CRC of the
sub section of the A32 program which contains the presets (referred to as FCONST in the
QC48) may be different.
Check that the digital inputs wired from the switches to the A32 are correct by using
Display 7 Digital Inputs on the Windows HMI. Note that Excitation Off is not wired in as
a digital input; it is wired directly to the field suppression hardware.
When the machine is running at full speed check that the PMG frequency on Display 1
Sensor Data of both channels reads 100%.
Note: The A32 Excitation Controller is now ready for commissioning as detailed below. The
following information should be read in conjunction with any specific contract commissioning
notes.
14.6.4
Calibration Of Exciter Field Current

Follow the procedure below to calibrate the exciter field current:
(1)
Conditions Of Test
Ensure that the generator is on no load (generator terminals open circuit).
Regulation should be in Commissioning If/Ife Control Mode (state 13). This mode can
be achieved by turning the key switch Commissioning Ife Control on the operator
console to the ON position.
(2)
Goal Of Test
To adjust the exciter field current sensor Ife.
To adjust the rate of change of exciter field current reference (maintenance preset HR
40101)
To set the exciter field current regulator proportional gain (maintenance preset
parameter 40061)
To set the smooth transfer coefficient (maintenance preset parameter 40067).
(3)
Relevant Parameters
Exciter field current measurement on a calibrated meter.
Exciter field current reference (see HR 40316 on the Holding Registers display, this
can be accessed from A32 HMI menu item Maintenance and then Holding Registers
Display).
Exciter field current measurement on the A32 HMI (see Display 1 Sensor Data of
A32 HMI).
Exciter field current sensor scaling factor on maintenance preset HR 40158.
Rate of change of exciter field current parameter on maintenance preset HR 40101.
Exciter field current regulator proportional gain parameter on maintenance preset HR
40061.
Current loop gain (see Loop Gain r16 on Display 3 Regulator Display)
Smooth transfer coefficient parameter on maintenance preset HR 40067.
The smooth transfer coefficient (see r37 Smooth Transfer Coefficient on Display 3
Regulator Display). The smooth transfer coefficient value on Display 3 Regulator
Display should be copied to maintenance preset parameter HR 400067 in order to
ensure smooth transition between states and between main and standby channels.

(4)
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Test Routine
The initial value of the exciter field current correction coefficient on preset HR40158
should be set equal to:
25 [A] / Ifen[A],
Where Ifen is the nominal (or rated) exciter field current of the machine in test. That is
to say Ifen is the exciter field current which is required to attain the rated current and
rated voltage at rated pf at the machine terminals.
Set the exciter field current reference to 10% (IfeRef r40 can be found on Display 6
References) using the RAISE and LOWER switch on the generator control panel.
If 10% exciter field current is too high for the machine under test, use a lower value.
If the rate of change of field current reference is not suitable, change it via
maintenance preset parameter HR 40101.
Set the exciter field current reference to the level required to achieve rated value of
generator terminal voltage.
Compare the measured exciter field current value, convert it to a % of the nominal
exciter field current and compare it with the value in Display 1 Sensor Data of A32
HMI. Adjust value in A32 using the commissioning preset HR 40158 Exciter field
current sensing correction.
When generator terminal is on open circuit, exciter field current in % is:
(Ifeo/Ifen)*100%
Ifeo is the exciter field current in Amps required to obtain rated terminal voltage, with
generator terminals on open circuit. Ifen is the nominal exciter field current in Amps.
Repeat the steps above until the A32 displays the correct value of the exciter field
current. Note that in this test the AVR is in exciter field current regulation loop with
feedback. So an iterative process is required to set the exciter field current scaling
factor. Check and revise scaling of current sensors at rated exciter field current level
so that when rated exciter field current is flowing A32 displays exciter field current
reading as 100%. Rated exciter field current can be achieved either with the generator
terminals under short circuit or when generator is loaded).
Set the smooth transfer coefficient parameter 40067 (final adjustment in Section
14.6.11) as follows:
- Read the value r37 Smooth Transfer Coefficient on Display 3 Regulator Display.
- Enter this value into the smooth transfer coefficient in preset 40067 (Maintenance
Presets part 1).
(5)
14.6.5
Final Adjustment
Set parameter 40061 r119 Field current regulator P Gain such that the Loop Gain r16 in
Display 3 Regulator Display is between 3 and 8. Default value of parameter 40061 is 3.
Calibration Of Exciter Field Voltage Sensor
(1)
Conditions Of Test
Set regulation in Commissioning Ife Control mode (state 13).
(2)
Goal Of Test
To adjust the exciter field voltage displayed by A32 (HR 40280, or also available on
HMI Display 1 Sensor Data as Ufe).
(3)
Relevant Parameters
A32 exciter field voltage measurement (Ufe on Display 1 Sensor Data).
Exciter field voltage sensor scaling factor. (Parameter 40160 - Ufe Exciter field
voltage sensing correction

(4)
14.6.6
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Test Routine
Set the exciter field current reference so that excitation level is at the no load field
voltage value Ufe0 (this value is available from the generator manufacturer). Ufe0 is
the field voltage required to obtain rated terminal volts with generator on open circuit.
Adjust the exciter field voltage sensor correction coefficient parameter 40160 until the
exciter field voltage reading in the A32 is matched to the real value of Ufe0.
When the exciter field voltage is at nominal value HR 40280 should read 100%. The
percentage exciter field voltage reading is based on the 100% (nominal value) being
the exciter field voltage when the generator terminal is at its rated value (i.e. rated P,
Q and pf).
Adjustment Of Terminal Current Sensing
Terminal current sensing It of the A32 can be viewed on Display 1 Sensor Data of the A32
HMI as It, or it is also available on the Holding Registers Display at HR 40258. It is displayed as
a percentage of the nominal current.
(1)
Conditions Of Test
Ensure that the generator terminals are shorted.
(2)
Goal Of Test
To calibrate the generator terminal current sensing in A32 to be the same.
(3)
Relevant Data
Terminal current sensing It (Display 1 Sensor Data or HR40258)
It sensing correction parameter 40154.
(4)
Test Routine
To set the rough scaling of generator terminal current sensors enter in HR40154 'r1C1
It Sensing Correction' the value calculated as:
CT Pr imary Rated Current
No min al Gen. Current
e.g. If we have a 6000:5 Amp CT and if the nominal generator current is 5850 Amp
then 'HR40154 r1C1 It Sensing Correction' is (6000/5850) = 1.025.
Set the exciter field current reference to achieve a certain level of generator terminal
current.
Adjust the It sensing correction parameter 40154 until A32 reads the correct terminal
current. It will be necessary to convert the terminal current sensing reading from % in
the A32 to amps in order to compare it with a meter reading. This can be done as
follows:
I [%]
It [Amps ] = t
x Itn [A ]
100
where:
It [Amps] is the terminal current in amps.
It [%] is the terminal current in % as displayed by A32.
Itn[A] is the nominal (rated) current of the generator (available from the generator
manufacturer).
Repeat the above procedure for 50% of Itn and 100%Itn.

14.6.7
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Adjustment Of Terminal Voltage Sensing

Terminal voltage sensing of the A32 can be viewed on Display 1 Sensor Data of the A32 HMI
as Ut, or it is also available on the Holding Registers Display at HR 40257. It is displayed as a
percentage of the nominal voltage.
(1)
Conditions Of Test
(2)
Goal Of Test
To calibrate generator terminal voltage sensing.
(3)
Relevant Parameters
Generator terminal voltage sensing Ut (HR 40257).
Ut sensing correction parameter in HR 40153.
(4)
Test Routine
To roughly scale the voltage sensing circuit enter in HR 40153 'r1C0 Ut Sensing
Correction' a value calculated as follows:
100 / Nominal VT Secondary Volts

e.g. If we have 13800:115 Volts VT, such that nominal VT secondary volts is 115 V
then Ut sensing correction is set to:
100 / 115 = 0.87
Set the exciter field current reference to achieve a certain level of generator terminal
voltage between zero and nominal.
Adjust the Ut sensing correction parameter in HR 40153 until Ut in Display 1 Sensor
Data or (value in HR 40257) matches with the real value of Ut read from a calibrated
ac voltmeter. It will be necessary to convert the terminal voltage sensing reading from
% in the A32 to Volts in order to compare it with the meter reading. This can be done
as follows:
U [%]
U t [V ] = t
x Utn [V ]
100
where:
Ut [V] is the terminal voltage reading in volts read from a calibrated ac voltmeter.
Ut [%] is the terminal voltage in % as displayed by A32.
Utn[V] is the nominal (rated) terminal voltage (available from the generator
manufacturer).
14.6.8
Repeat steps above when the generator terminal voltage is at its nominal value. In this
case the A32 should display Ut of 100%.
Automatic Excitation To 80% Terminal Voltage
(1)
Conditions Of Test
Set regulation in Terminal Voltage Regulation No Load mode (state 3). to ensure
that you are in this mode ensure that the key switch Commissioning Ife Control on
the operator console is in the OFF position and also that parameter 40002 in
maintenance preset is 0.
(2)
Goal Of Test
To verify that the soft start causes excitation to reach the correct level at the correct
rate.
To check the quality of regulation.

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(3)
Relevant Parameters
Maintenance Presets parameter HR 40086 r09 Soft Start Target which can be set as
a % of nominal voltage of the generator.
Maintenance Presets parameter HR 40087 r0A Soft Start Rate which is in units of %
per second.
Loop Gain r16 as shown on Display 3 Regulator Display.
Commissioning preset parameter HR 40062 r111 Voltage regulator P Gain.
(4)
Test Routine
Set the soft start target to 80% in maintenance preset parameter HR 40086. Ensure
VRef minimum at no load (preset HR 40082) is also 80% or lower.
Set parameter HR 40087 r0A Soft Start Rate to 5%/s.
Ensure excitation is off and check starting mode is idle (check Regulator state j01 =
0 in Display 3 Regulator Display).
Switch excitation ON and in Display 3 Regulator Display of the A32 HMI check that
the Regulator state j01 is 3 (Terminal Voltage Regulation No Load). In this mode
the A32 is in voltage feedback control utilizing a P controller. If excitation control is
unstable, adjust the proportional gain (commissioning preset parameter 40062) until
excitation stabilises (the guide is to adjust P such that the voltage Loop Gain r16 in
Display 3 Regulator Display is around 40. The loop gain may vary a little; it is a guide
to set up the stability. Ultimate verification of stability must come from a step response
test.
Check the level at which the generator terminal voltage stabilises by reading Ut on
Display 1 and the time Tff it took to achieve it from the instance of pressing the
excitation ON switch.
Read Loop Gain r16 on Display 3 Regulator Display.
(5)
14.6.9
Test Results And Final Adjustments

HR 40321 = ..
[(HR40086 ) x (HR40321)]
Ut = .. check that Ut =
(1 + HR40321)
Tff = ..s (if HR 40087 = 20 %/s and HR 40086 = 80%, then Tff should be 4 s)
Checking Voltage Reference Range - No Load
(1)
Conditions Of Test
Set regulation in Terminal Voltage Regulation No Load mode (state 3).
(2)
Goal Of Test
To check the voltage reference range.
To check the rate of change of voltage reference.
(3)
Relevant Parameters
Voltage reference in HR40302 (also in A32 HMI Display 3 Regulator Display as Vref
r00). Vref is displayed as a percentage of nominal generator terminal voltage.
Commissioning presets HR 40081 r01 Rate of Change of Voltage Reference in the
unit of percentage per second.
Commissioning presets HR 40082 r03 Voltage Reference Lower Limit at no load as a
percentage of nominal generator terminal voltage.
Commissioning presets HR 40083 r04 Voltage Reference Upper Limit at no load as a
percentage of nominal generator terminal voltage.

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Test Routine
Use the raise/lower switches and record the minimum and maximum value of Vref in
Display 3 Regulator Display. Usually minimum Vref 80% and maximum is 120%.
Using Lower switch, set Vref to the lower limit, then use the Raise switch and record
the time taken for Vref to reach the upper limit Trd. This time should equal:
Trd =
(HR40083 HR40082 )
HR 40081 [s]
(5)
14.6.10
Test Result And Final Adjustment

Value in HR 40082 = ..
Minimum Vref Reached = ..
Maximum Vref Reached = ..
Trd = s
No Load Step Response Testing
Open circuit step response testing is done to verify that the AVR control is suitably stable.
(1)
Conditions Of Test
Set regulation in Terminal Voltage Regulation No Load mode (state 3). This is the
terminal voltage regulator with P control. It is also possible to select the PI controller in
this mode if one wanted to test the dynamic response of the PI controller. It can be
Enabled/Disabled for the purpose of this test by:
Clicking on the Modules button on the lower left corner of the HMI window.
Click on PI controller ENABLE
To remove PI control and to revert to P control click PI controller DISABLE
PI control is the active controller when the generator is connected to the grid. The
Enabling of PI controller for open circuit testing is not stored in non volatile RAM.
(2)
Goal Of Test
To check transient response of the excitation control system to step changes of Vref.
(3)
Relevant Parameters
Commissioning preset parameter 40062 r111 Voltage regulator P Gain.
HR 40321 r16 Loop Gain of P controller.
Commissioning preset parameter 40064 rF0#r100 Gain of the Ife/If stabilising
feedback.
Commissioning preset parameter 40065 rF1#r101 Time constant Ife'/If' stabilising
feedback in unit of ms.
(4)
Test Routine
Switch excitation ON in voltage control mode (state 3). Allow excitation to settle
following soft start. Ensure terminal voltage is below the nominal value in case
application of a step signal introduces instability.
Set the proportional gain (commissioning preset parameter 40062 r111 Voltage
regulator P Gain) such that the voltage loop gain (HR 40321 r16 Loop Gain of P
controller) is 40.
Apply a step in Vref as required by following procedures given in Section 14.4.
Adjust the proportional gain (parameter 40062) as to achieve the voltage loop gain
(HR 40321) in the range between 30 and 200. The exciter field current derivative gain
(parameter 40064) and the exciter field current derivative time constant (parameter
40065) may also need to be adjusted in order to achieve a reasonable dynamic
response.
Apply a 5% step in Vref. Take precaution not to over flux the machine during step test.
Reduce the starting excitation level if required.

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(5)
14.6.11

P Gain (value of parameter in 40062) = ..
Loop Gain (value in HR 40321) = ..
Ife Feedback Gain (value in parameter 40064) = ..
Ife Feedback Time Constant (value in parameter 40065) = .. ms
Overshoot = %
Smooth Transfer Between Channels And Between Operation States
(1)
Conditions Of Test
Ensure regulation is in Terminal Voltage Regulation No Load mode (state 3). Adjust
Excitation such that terminal voltage is 10% below the nominal.
(2)
Goal Of Test
To tune the AVR so that the transitions between the regulation modes and between
regulator channels are smooth.
(3)
Relevant Parameters
Commissioning preset parameter 40067 r127 Smooth Transfer Coefficient between
Modes and AVRs.
Value in HR 40322 r37 Smooth Transfer coefficient between AVRs or operation
modes, which is used to set commissioning parameter 40067.
(4)
Test Routine
Ensure HMI is connected to the active AVR. The standby channel is identifiable by its
state of 1 on Display 3 Regulator Display.
Read the value in HR 40322 from the Holding Registers Display of the A32 HMI.
Set the commissioning preset parameter 40067 equal to the value shown as r37
Smooth Transfer Coefficient on Display 3 Regulator Display.
Implement the steps above on the standby channel also. Prior to carrying out the
tasks in this section, commission the AVR in the second channel with all the items
prior to this section.
When both channels have been set up test transition from channel A to channel B and
back.
Test transitions between the various AVR modes (e.g going online from offline state or
selecting PF or VAr control mode*) etc).
*) Only when test for Reactive Power Sensors Polarity is finished (See
Section 14.6.14).

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Commissioning preset parameter 40067 = ..
When the transfer coefficient is well tuned the transition between AVRs and between
operating modes of the same AVR are bump-less.
Note: If the generator is loaded and voltage sensing failure occurs (e.g. loss of
terminal voltage feedback) then the AVR transfers regulation from the Terminal
Voltage Regulation Loaded (state 5) to the Field current (If/Ife) Regulation
Loaded (state 14). In this condition active power P and reactive power Q are not
known. The operating point of the generator in terms of the capability diagram is then
derived from exciter field current Ife. The operating point of the generator is limited by
controlling the field current reference value see Figure 53. The maximum field
current reference is limited to rated field current (through parameter 40056 r158
Rated Exciter Field Current Ife curve 2-2) and minimum field current reference is
limited to the field current value required to achieve cos = 1 when P and Utn are both
100% (parameter 40042 IF1 Exciter Field Current when V and I = 1pu and PF = 1
curve 1-1). The minimum exciter field current allowed is chosen as described above
because the generator is less stable in exciter field current control and this presents
particular danger in the UEL area. If the exciter field current before loss of voltage
sensing is smaller than the minimum exciter field allowed by the field current controller
(loaded) then when control is assumed by it, (after the Vt failure) the operating point of
the generator moves from point A to the point B see Figure 53. If the operating point
of the generator is situated inside of the area determined by curve 1 and 2 (before
voltage sensing failure), then transfer to the field current regulation loop is smooth.
Figure 53: Illustration Of The Boundary For The Field Current Control Loop (Loaded)
14.6.12
Testing the V/f Limiter

(1)
Conditions Of Test
Ensure regulation is in Terminal Voltage Regulation No Load mode (state 3).
Disable all limiters except V/f limiter (use modules button on the lower left hand corner
of the A32 HMI or the Modules window from Commissioning Views).

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(2)
Goal Of Test
To check that the V/f limiter operates at the correct level.
To check the limiter delay time Tz.
To check quality of the limiter action.
(3)
Relevant Parameters
Maintenance preset parameter 40129 r90 V/f Setpoint. This setpoint is set as a %
using the expression below:
Ter min al Voltage [%]
x 100 [%]
Ter min al Frequency [%]
Maintenance preset parameter 40130 r92 Limiter Activation Delay when V/f 10% over
the limit in seconds.
This is the time delay before the limiter activates if the generator operating point
exceeds the V/f setting by 10%. If the generator operating point exceeds the V/f limit
by more than 10% then the activation time is proportionately shorter, and conversely if
the generator operating point exceeds the V/f limit by less than 10% then the
activation time is proportionately longer. This provides an inverse timing action.
Maintenance preset parameter 40131 r94 V/f Limiter Deactivation Multiplier (multiplies
40130 by value here).
As the name suggests, this parameter is used to set the speed of deactivation of the
limiter once the operating point of the generator is below the V/f setpoint. This number
multiplies the value in 40130 and the result is the time delay before the limiter
deactivates once the generator operating point has decreased below the V/f setting by
10%. If the generator operating point is below the V/f limit by more than 10% then the
limiter deactivation time is proportionately shorter, and conversely if the generator
operating is below the V/f limit by less than 10% then the activation time is
proportionately longer.
HR 40321 r16 Loop Gain of P controller.
(4)
Test Routine
Open Display 1 Sensor Data of the A32 HMI so that terminal voltage Ut and terminal
frequency f can be viewed.
Open Display 3 Regulator Display so that Vref can be viewed.
Open Display 4 Limiters to view the status of the V/f limiter.
Set the maintenance preset parameter 40129 r90 V/f Setpoint to 100%.
Set generator frequency to rated value so that f in Display 1 of the A32 HMI is 100%
Change parameter 40130 r92 Limiter Activation Delay when V/f 10% over the limit to
1s.
Adjust the excitation level such that the starting value of generator terminal voltage is
just less than 100%. Since generator frequency is at 100% this will ensure that the V/f
limiter does not operate.
Apply a +5% step in Vref.
After the application of the step check that V/f limiter ratio is exceeded, if so this will be
indicted on Display 4 Limiters.
After the appropriate time delay, V/f limiter becomes active and it decreases excitation
to take the operating point of the generator to the V/f limit setpoint. Display 4 Limiters
will indicate that V/f limiter is active. At this time terminal voltage sensing should be
reduced back to 100%.
This test above should also be carried out by keeping the generator terminal volts at
100% and then lowering the generator frequency r51. When the limiter activates
voltage will be reduced to bring the V/f ratio in line with the V/f limiter setpoint.

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(5)
14.6.13
Final Adjustments
The transient response can be tuned by changing the maintenance preset parameter
40132 r95 Integral time constant of V/f controller.
Testing The Terminal Voltage Limiter
(1)
Conditions Of Test
Ensure regulation is in Terminal Voltage Regulation No Load mode (state 3).
Disable all limiters except the voltage limiter (use modules button on the lower left
hand corner of the A32 HMI or the Modules window from Commissioning Views).
(2)
Goal Of Test
To check the steady state limit level of the generator terminal voltage when terminal
voltage limiter is active.
To check the quality of limiter action.
(3)
Relevant Parameters
Maintenance preset parameter 40134 r122 Terminal Voltage Limiter Set Point
entered as a percentage of the nominal terminal volts.
Maintenance preset parameter 40135 r123 Integral Time constant for Terminal
Voltage Limiter in ms.
(4)
Test Routine
Open Display 1 Sensor Data of the A32 HMI so that terminal voltage Ut can be
viewed.
Open Display 3 Regulator Display so that Vref can be viewed.
Open Display 4 Limiters to view the status of the voltage limiter.
Set the maintenance preset parameter 40134 r122 Terminal Voltage Limiter Set
Point at 100%.
Switch excitation ON and use Raise/Lower switches to set the starting value of
generator terminal voltage at a value that is lower than the voltage limiter setpoint.
Apply a +5% step in Vref. This should take terminal voltage over the voltage limiter
setting.
As the terminal voltage exceeds the limiter setpoint, the limiter should decrease the
generator excitation to the limiter level without delay. The terminal voltage limiter
active is indicated and can be seen on Display 4 Limiters.
(5)
14.6.14
Final Adjustments
The response can be tuned by adjusting the maintenance preset parameter 40135 r123
Integral Time constant for Terminal Voltage Limiter.
Checking Reactive Power Sensing Polarity
(1)
Conditions Of Test
Ensure that regulation is either in Commissioning If/Ife Control Mode (state 13) or in
Terminal Voltage Regulation Loaded (state 5). In case of the latter, disable All
Limiters & Q Reg QCC from the Modules button on the lower left hand corner of the
A32 HMI window or the Modules window from Commissioning Views.
Ensure that the generator is synchronized to the power network.
Ensure that the generator is only minimally loaded with active power, without any
VArs.
(2)
Goal Of Test
To check the polarity of the reactive power sensors of A32.
(3)
Relevant Parameters
VArs located in HR 40260 as r55 Q VArs and displayed as a percentage of the
generator MVA. The VArs can also be viewed on Display 1 as Q.

(4)
(5)
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Test Routine
Open Display 1 Sensor Data on the A32 HMI to view the VAr sensing of the A32 and
open Display 3 Regulator Display to view the Regulator State j01.
Ensure generator is synchronized to the power network.
(a)
Case When State = 13

Raise the exciter field current reference (available for viewing on Holding
Registers Display HR 40316 r40 ZHIfe Exciter Field Current reference). Check
to see that the VArs move to the over excitation part of capability diagram.
Lower the exciter field current reference and check that the VArs move towards
the under excitation part of capability diagram.
(b)
Case When State = 5 and All limiters, VAr Control And QCC Are Disabled
Raise the terminal voltage reference Vref (viewable on Display 3 Regulator
Display) using the Raise switch on the generator control panel. Check that the
VArs move to the over excitation part of capability diagram.
Lower Vref using the Lower switch on the generator control panel and check to
make sure that the VArs move towards the under excitation part of capability
diagram.
Final Adjustment
If the polarity of reactive power is opposite to that specified above then phase rotation of
the VT/CT inputs are incorrect. Check and rectify the VT/CT input to the AVR and repeat
the test routine above.
The phasing of VT/CT can be verified using the Display 2 Sensor Diagnostics window
(see Figure 54 below).
Figure 54: A32 Sensor Diagnostics

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When VT/CT phasing is correct, and when operating at unity power factor, the phase
angle sub-section of Display 2 Sensor Diagnostics it should say:
Angle Ut23/Ut12 = 120 deg.
Angle Ut31/Ut12 = 240 deg.
Angle It1/Ut12 (30 deg at unity PF) = 30 deg, when PF is unity.
Angle It2/It1 = 120 deg.
Angle It3/It1 = 240 deg.
14.6.15
Adjust VT/CT polarity to obtain the readings as above.

Testing The Over Excitation Limiter
The over Excitation Limiter has two setpoints, the first is the over excitation limiter (OEL) with
delay and the second is the over excitation limiter without delay (FastOEL). In the case of OEL,
the time delay before the limiter activates is specified. In the case of FastOEL, if the exciter field
current exceeds the FastOEL setting then the exciter field current is reduced to the limiter
setting without delay. The FastOEL setpoint is higher than the OEL setpoint, therefore following
the activation of the FastOEL the OEL will also activate after the appropriate delay (according to
the OEL activation delay setting).
(1)
Conditions Of Test
Ensure that regulation is in Terminal Voltage Regulation Loaded (state 5).
Disable all other limiters apart from the Over Excitation limiter (use Modules button on
lower left hand corner of the A32 HMI or the Modules window from Commissioning
Views, and view limiter status on Display 4 Limiters).
(2)
Goal Of Test
To check that the over excitation limiter operates at the correct level.
To check that the time delay of the limiter action Tz is correct.
To check quality of limiter action.
(3)
Relevant Parameters
Maintenance preset parameter HR 400137 r70 OEL Setpoint as a percentage of the
nominal exciter field current.
OEL activation delay as entered in HR 40138 r74 Time delay of Limiter action when
141% over the limit in seconds.
Setting in HR40138 in seconds is the delay before OEL activates if the exciter field
current is 141% of the OEL setpoint. Delay timer starts at the instant when the exciter
field current exceeds the OEL setpoint. If the exciter field current is more than 141% of
the OEL setting, then the delay is smaller, and conversely if the exciter field current is
less than 141% of OEL setting then the delay is longer.
FastOEL limit is taken from maintenance preset HR 40043 IFP Ceiling Exciter Field
Current (also FASTOELRef), which is entered as a percentage of the nominal exciter
field current.
Maintenance preset parameter HR 40139 Limiter Deactivation Counter Coefficient
which is the ratio of the winding heating to cooling times constants.
The number in parameter HR40139 multiplies the OEL activation delay entered in
HR40138 to give the OEL deactivation time delay. When OEL is actively reducing the
exciter field current the OEL timer is at its 100% count level. If the exciter field current
reduces to a level below the OEL setting then the OEL timer starts to reduce and
when it reaches 0, the OEL deactivates. The lower the value of exciter field current is
below the OEL setting, the faster the deactivation of OEL. The speed of deactivation is
controlled by parameter HR 40139.
Maintenance preset parameter HR 40140 r78 Integral Time Constant for OEL in ms.

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(4)
Test Routine
Open Display 4 Limiters to view whether the OEL output is Enabled or Blocked and
to view the status of the limiter. Open Display 1 Sensor Data to view the exciter field
current level Ife.
If it is not possible to test the limiter at the level, then test the limiter at a reduced level.
Set the OEL setpoint HR 400137 r70 OEL Setpoint at a suitable limit for the machine
on test.
Set also the OEL delay HR 40138 r74 Time delay of Limiter action when 141% over
the limit at a suitable level.
Adjust the excitation using the Raise/Lower switches on the generator control panel
such that the exciter field current is just below the OEL setpoint.
Apply a step on Vref such that the exciter field current exceeds the OEL setting. At this
point Display 4 Limiters will indicate that OEL limit has been exceeded (OEL limit
exceeded z101 says YES).
After a delay Tz the OEL activates and reduces exciter field current to the over
excitation limit. OEL Active is indicated on Display 4 Limiters.
(5)
Final Adjustments
OEL setpoint HR 400137 = .[%]
Exciter field current Ife after application of step = .[%]
OEL activation delay HR 40138 = .. [s]
Measured time taken for OEL to activate Tz =
If OEL delay entered in HR 40138 is say d seconds and say the ratio of the exciter field
current to the OEL setting entered in HR 40137 is y, then the time taken for OEL to
activate Tz is:
Tz =
14.6.16
(y
d
2
) [s]
The response of the limiter can be improved by adjusting HR 40140 r78 Integral Time
Constant for OEL.
Testing The Stator Current Limiter
The stator current limiter has two levels of operation; the first is the stator current limiter with
delay (Stator Current Limiter, SCL) and the second is the stator current limiter without delay
(FastSCL). The first (SCL) activates only after the specified delay time has expired after the limit
level is exceeded. In the case of the FastSCL, if the stator current exceeds the FastSCL limiter
setting then the stator current is immediately controlled to the level of the FastSCL setpoint.
Then after a delay the stator current is further reduced to the level of the SCL setpoint.
(1)
Conditions Of Test
Ensure all other limiters apart from the Stator Current Limiter are disabled (use
Modules button on lower left hand corner of the A32 HMI or the Modules window from
Commissioning Views, and view limiter status on Display 4 Limiters).
(2) Goal Of Test

To check that the SCL operates at the correct level.
To check the SCL delay time Tz.
(3)
Relevant Parameters
Maintenance preset parameter HR 40143 r80 Stator Current Limiter Setpoint entered
as a percentage of the nominal terminal current.
Maintenance preset parameter HR 40145 r84 Time delay of limiter action when 141%
over the limit entered in seconds.
Maintenance preset parameter HR 40144 r82 Fast Stator Current Limiter Setpoint
entered as a percentage of the terminal current.

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Maintenance preset parameter HR 40146 r87 Limiter deactivation counter coefficient

This preset is used to set the SCL deactivation speed. The value entered here is
multiplied by the value in parameter HR 40145 to obtain the SCL deactivation time.
SCL activation/deactivation timers work in the same way as the OEL timer (see
Section 14.6.15 Item (5))
Maintenance preset parameter HR 40147 r88 Integral time constant of the SCL in
ms.
(4)
Test Routine
Open Display 4 Limiters to view whether the SCL output is Enabled or Blocked and
to view the status of the limiter. Open Display 1 Sensor Data to view the stator
current It.
If it is impossible to test the stator current limiter at the level, test the limiter at a
reduced level. Set also the SCL time delay at an appropriate value.
Adjust the excitation such that the stator current is close to the SCL setpoint.
Apply a step on Vref such that the stator current after the step exceeds the SCL
setpoint. This will be indicated on Display 4 Limiters on the row containing text SCL
Limit Exceeded.
After a delay Tz the SCL activates and controls the excitation so as to bring the stator
current to the level of the SCL setpoint. The active state of the SCL in the overexcited
area is indicated in Display 4 Limiters in the row labelled SCL in over-excited region
Active z106 and similarly its state in the under-excited area is indicated in Display 4
Limiters in the row labelled SCL in under-excited region Active z107.
If the stator current after the application of a step on Vref is greater than the FastSCL
setpoint, then the limiter adjusts the generator so as to bring the stator current to the
level of FastSCL setpoint without time delay. This status of FastSCL is shown on
Display 4 Limiters in the row labelled Fast SCL Active z105. After a delay Tz, the
SCL should activate adjusting excitation further to bring the stator current to the level
of the SCL setpoint.
Ensure that the steps above are carried out in the overexcited and under-excited
areas of the generator capability diagram as the action of the limiter in these two areas
changes the excitation in different directions. Take care not to take excitation to
dangerous levels in both directions.
(5)

SCL Setpoint HR 40143 = . [%Itn]
Terminal current after application of step = [%]
SCL activation delay HR 40145 = . [s]
Time taken for SCL to activate following application of positive step in Vref Tz =
[s]
If the SCL activation delay entered in HR 40145 is say d seconds and say the ratio of the
terminal current (after application of step in test above) to the SCL setting entered in HR
40143 is y then the time taken for the SCL to activate Tz is:
Tz =
(y
d
2
) [s]
The response of the limiter can be improved by adjusting the Maintenance preset
parameter HR 40147 r88 Integral time constant of the SCL.

14.6.17
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Testing Under Excitation Limiter

(1)
Conditions Of Test
Ensure all other limiters apart from the Under Excitation Limiter UEL are disabled (use
Modules button on lower left hand corner of the A32 HMI or the Modules window from
Commissioning Views, and view limiter status on Display 4 Limiters).
(2)
Goal Of Test
To check the UEL operation at various power levels.
(3)
Relevant Parameters
Maintenance preset parameter HR 40111 rA3 UEL limit point Po: P when Q = 0
entered as a percentage of the nominal MVA of the generator.
Maintenance preset parameter HR 40112 rA4 UEL limit point Qo: Q when P = 0
Maintenance preset parameter HR 40113 rA5 UEL Limit point Q1: see manual
Maintenance preset parameter HR 40114 rAA P Gain of UEL.
Maintenance preset parameter HR 40115 rAB Integral time constant of UEL entered
in ms.
Maintenance preset parameter HR 40116 rB0 Gain of If/Ife feedback to the UEL
controller.
Maintenance preset parameter HR 40117 rB1 Time constant of If/Ife feedback to UEL
controller entered in ms.
(4)
Test Routine
Open Display 4 Limiters on the A32 HMI window to view whether the UEL output is
Enabled or Blocked and to view the status of the limiter. Open Display 1 Sensor Data
to view the VAr sensing Q.
Slowly lower Vref in order to take excitation towards the UEL boundary. When the
UEL limit is reached, the limiter acts without delay and the reactive power of the
generator is stopped at the UEL boundary. Activation of UEL is indicated in Display 4
Limiters in the row labelled UEL Active z108.
Raise Vref to take excitation level just above the UEL setpoint and apply a - 2% step
on Vref to drive the excitation into the limiter.
The reactive power Q must stop at the specified UEL limit.
Repeat the above mentioned steps at three different power levels:
Test A: P = 0 MW.
Test B: P = 50% of rated active power.
Test C: P = 100% of rated active power.
(5)

To verify the operation of the UEL use the designed limits:
P0 HR 40111 = ... [%Sn]
Q0 HR 40112 = ... [%Sn]
Q1 HR 40113 = ... [%Sn]
Test A: P = 0 x cos [%Sn]

Q sensing in A32 = [%Sn]
UEL P Gain = 15
UEL I time constant = 1000 [ms]
Gain of Ife feedback = 10
Time Constant of Ife feedback = 1000 [ms]
Test B: P = 50 x cos [%Sn]
UEL P Gain = 15

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Test C: P = 100 x cos [%Sn]
UEL P Gain = 15
Note: cos is the rated power factor of the machine.
14.6.18
The UEL response can be improved by adjusting the following parameters:

Parameter HR 40114 rAA P Gain of UEL
Parameter HR 40115 rAB Integral time constant of UEL,
Parameter HR 40116 rB0 Gain of If/Ife feedback to the UEL controller
Parameter HR 40117 rB1 Time constant of If/Ife feedback to UEL controller.
Testing Under Voltage Monitor (Minimum Terminal Voltage Monitor, Utmin Monitor)
(1)
Conditions Of Test
Ensure generator is under no load in state 3 Terminal Voltage Control No Load
Ensure soft start target is set higher than the UVMon setpoint.
(2)
Goal Of Test
To verify the operation of the Utmin Monitor at the correct level.
To verify that the Utmin Monitor delay is correct.
To verify that control transfers to the standby channel following a Monitor Trip
To verify that control cannot be transferred back to the previously active channel
without carrying out a Monitor Reset on the operator console.
(3)
Relevant Parameters
Utmin Monitor Setting in HR40237.
Utmin Monitor Delay Setting in HR40238
Utmin Monitor Active flag z137 on Display 5 Monitors of the HMI.
(4)
Test Routine
Ensure channel A is active.
Note that in this instruction channel A is active and therefore channel B is monitoring.
When looking for the relevant monitor setting and the monitor activity flags the HMI
should be connected to channel B. However, it is also necessary to set the soft start
target and apply excitation step on channel A prior to monitor becoming active. When
channel B is active channel A is monitoring and the reverse is true.
Ensure excitation is off and set the soft start target in preset 40086 to 100% in the
active AVR and set Vref lower limit at no load on preset HR40082 to 80%.
Ensure that the monitor settings on both channels are the same.
Ensure preset 40232 is set to 1 (monitors enabled) on both channels.
Switch excitation ON, channel A should indicate Terminal Voltage Control No Load
on the operator console or Regulator State j01 = 3 on HMI Display 3 Regulator
Display of channel A.
When soft start is completed, on Display 5 Monitors of the HMI of channel B, Utmin
MON Enabled z13D should say Yes. During soft start Utmin Monitor should be
disabled. Check that it is.
Set on channel B, the Utmin MON setpoint on preset HR40237 to 90% and Utmin
MON delay on preset HR40238 to 2%s.
Using the excitation lower switch, lower excitation until line voltage is just above the
Utmin MON setting of 90%. Then apply a step down of 2 % on Channel A. Note that in
open circuit conditions, the line voltage will be slightly lower than the voltage reference
set point.

14.6.19
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When the terminal voltage becomes less than the monitor setting, on Display 5
Monitors of the HMI of channel B, row labelled Ut < Utmin MON Setpoint z136
should say Yes. After an approximate delay of 1 second, the Monitor should activate
by transferring excitation control to channel B and row labelled Utmin MON Active
z137 should say Yes.
Ensure that channel A cannot be selected without resetting monitors.
Remove the step
On the operator console, press menu and go to the monitors tab. Press OK when the
Reset Monitors bar is highlighted yellow. On channel B HMI Display 5 Monitors,
MON Take Control flag should indicate Inactive when monitor is reset and then it
should be able to transfer control back to channel A. Take care to increase excitation
above the Utmin MON setting before transferring control back to channel A otherwise
the monitor will activate again.
Repeat test with channel B in control and with channel A acting as the monitor.
Testing Over Flux Monitor (Also Called U/F Monitor)
(1)
Conditions Of Test
Ensure that the maximum terminal voltage monitor setpoint (preset HR40235) is out of
the way on both channels.
Ensure that U/f limiter (overflux limiter) is disabled on both channels (via modules
button or the Modules window from Commissioning Views on the Windows HMI).
(2)
Goal Of Test
To verify the operation of the U/f Monitor is at the correct level.
To verify that the U/f Monitor delay is correct.
To verify that control transfers to the standby channel following a Monitor Trip.
(3)
Relevant Parameters
U/f Limiter setting in HR40129.
U/f Monitor Setting in HR40233.
U/f Monitor Delay Setting in HR40234
U/f Monitor Active flag z133 on Display 5 Monitors of the HMI.
(4)
Test Routine
Ensure channel A is active and that V/f Limiter is disabled or set out of the way on
both channels.
Note that in this instruction channel A is active and therefore channel B is monitoring.
When looking for the relevant monitor setting and the monitor activity flags the HMI
should be connected to channel B. However, it is also necessary to set the soft start
target and apply excitation step on channel A prior to monitor becoming active. When
channel B is active channel A is monitoring and the reverse is true.
On channel B, set the U/f MON setpoint on preset HR40233 to 100% and U/f MON
delay on preset HR40234 to 10%s. Check that the generator speed is 100% by
ensuring the line frequency f or Measured PMG Frequency on HMI Display 1
Sensor Data is 100%.
Ensure excitation is ON and channel A is active and that line volts is below the U/f
MON trip level.
Using the excitation raise switch increase excitation until line voltage is just below the
U/f MON setting of 100%. Then apply a step up of 5%. Note that in open circuit
conditions, the line voltage will be slightly lower than voltage reference set point.
When the terminal voltage becomes greater than the monitor setting, on Display 5
Monitors of the HMI of channel B, row labelled U/f MON Setpoint Exceeded z132
should say Yes. After an approximate delay of 2 seconds, the Monitor should activate
by transferring excitation control to channel B and row labelled U/f MON Active z133
should say Yes.

14.6.20
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On the operator console, press menu and go to the Monitors tab. Press OK when the
should be able to transfer control back to channel A. Take care to remove the step
and ensure excitation is below the U/f MON setting before transferring control back to
channel A otherwise the monitor will activate again.
Enable U/f Limiter on both channels when testing is finished.
Testing Over Voltage Monitor (Also Called Maximum Terminal Voltage Monitor Or Utmax
MON)
(1)
Conditions Of Test
Ensure that the maximum terminal voltage monitor setpoint (preset HR40235) is out of
the way on both channels.
Maximum Terminal Voltage Monitor Active flag z135 on Display 5 Monitors of the
HMI.
(2)
Goal Of Test
To verify the operation of the Utmax Monitor is at the correct level.
To verify that the Utmax Monitor delay is correct.
(3)
Relevant Parameters
Maximum Terminal Voltage Monitor Setting in HR40235.
Maximum Terminal Voltage Monitor Delay Setting in HR40236.
Maximum Terminal Voltage Monitor Active flag z135 on Display 5 of the HMI.
(4)
Test Routine
Ensure channel A is active and that V/f Limiter and Utmax limiters are disabled on
channel A and channel B or they are set out of the way for the purpose of this test.
On channel B, set Maximum Terminal Voltage Monitor set point on preset HR40235 to
100% and Maximum Terminal Voltage Monitor delay on preset HR40236 to 10%s.
Ensure excitation is ON and channel A is active and that line volts is below monitor trip
level.
Using the excitation raise switch, increase excitation until line voltage is just below the
Maximum terminal voltage MON setting of 100%. Then apply a step up of 5%. Note
that in open circuit conditions, the line voltage will be slightly lower than voltage
reference set point.
When the terminal voltage becomes greater than the monitor setting, on Display 5
Monitors of the HMI of channel B, row labelled Utmax MON Setpoint Exceeded
z134 should say Yes. After an approximate delay of 2 seconds, the Monitor should
activate by transferring excitation control to channel B and row labelled Utmax MON
Active z135 should say Yes.
should be able to transfer control back to channel A. Take care to remove the step
and ensure excitation is below the monitor setting before transferring control back to
channel A otherwise the monitor will activate again.
Enable all limiters disabled for the purpose of this test.

14.6.21
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Testing Over Excitation Monitor (OEM)

(1)
Conditions Of Test
Ensure excitation is on and generator breaker is closed. AVR should be operating on
state 5 Terminal Voltage Control Loaded
Ensure that the maximum terminal voltage monitor set point (preset HR40235) is out
of the way on both channels.
Disable over-excitation limiter on both channels using the modules button or the
Modules window from Commissioning Views on the HMI.
(2)
Goal Of Test
To verify the operation of OEM is at the correct level.
To verify that the OEM delay is correct.
(3)
Relevant Parameters
OEM Setting in HR40239. OEM delay is the same as the OE Limiter delay set in
HR40138. Because OEM setting is greater than the OEL setting the overall delay for
activation of the Monitor will always be longer than that of the limiter.
OEM Active flag z13A on Display 5 Monitors of the HMI.
(4)
14.6.22
Test Routine
Ensure channel A is active and that Over Excitation Limiter is disabled on channel A
and channel B or they are set out of the way for the purpose of this test.
On channel B, set OEM set point on preset HR40239 to a level that is 10% higher
than the exciter field current level at which generator is synchronised.
Ensure excitation is ON and the generator is synchronised to the network and
excitation current is below OEM trip level.
Set OE Limiter delay in HR40138 to 1s on channel B.
Using excitation raise switch increase excitation until exciter field current sensing is
just below the OEM setting. Then on channel B (the monitoring channel) reduce OEM
setting in 40239 by 5%.
On Display 5 of the HMI of channel B, row labelled OEM Set point Exceeded z138
should say Yes. OEM Timer Active z139 should also say Yes.
Then after a delay of:
(Value in HR40138) / ((Ife[%]2/HR40239[%]2) 1)
seconds the monitor should activate. For example if OEM delay in HR40138 is 1s,
and if Ife Sensing is 45% and the OEM setting after decrement of 5% is 40%, then
delay is 1/((452/402) 1) = 3.77 seconds. Check in Display 5 Monitors of the HMI that
z13A = Yes.
should be able to transfer control back to channel A. Ensure excitation is below the
monitor setting before transferring control back to channel A otherwise the monitor will
activate again.
Testing Under Excitation Monitor (UEM)
(1)
Conditions Of Test
Ensure excitation is on and generator breaker is closed. AVR should be operating on
state 5 Terminal Voltage Control Loaded
Disable under-excitation limiter on both channels using the modules button or the
Modules window from Commissioning Views.on the HMI You cannot set UEL out of
the way as UEM is set to operate a certain % outside the UEL setting.

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(2)
Goal Of Test
To verify the operation of UEM is at the correct level.
To verify that the UEM delay is correct.
(3)
Relevant Parameters
UEM Setting in HR40240. UEM setting is a % deviation from the UEL setting. If UEM
setting is 5% then the Monitor line is 5% outside the under excitation limiter line.
Figure 55: Under-Excitation Monitor Setting
UEM delay in HR40241.

UEM Active flag z13C on Display 5 Monitors of the HMI.
(4)
Test Routine
Ensure channel A is active.
For safety, set the UEL on both channels so that it is far away in the lagging direction
from the generator stability limit.
Set the UEM set point on preset HR40240 to 5% and set UEM delay in HR40241 to
be 0.1s.
Ensure excitation is ON and the generator is synchronised to the network and that the
MVArs are not lower than the UEM setting. Ensure active power is close to zero MW.
Using the excitation lower switch, decrease excitation until the MVAr sensing is more
leading than the UEM setting.
On Display 5 Monitors of the HMI of channel B, row labelled UEM Set point
Exceeded z13B should say Yes. Then 100ms later UEM Timer Active z139 should
also say Yes and control should transfer to channel B. Check z13C says Yes.
should be able to transfer control back to channel A. Ensure excitation is below the
monitor setting before transferring control back to channel A otherwise the monitor will
activate again.
Repeat the test at higher MW values transferring from A to B.

14.6.23
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Testing Quadrature Current Compensation

(1)
Conditions Of Test
Ensure that the regulation is in VAr control mode (i.e. state 7 Local VAr Control - via
Operator Console or Generator Control Panel Switches).
(2)
Goal Of Test
To check the operation of the quadrature current compensation QCC.
(3)
Relevant Parameters
Maintenance preset parameter HR 40066 r11E QCC coefficient.
(4)
14.6.24
Test Routine
Open Display 1 Sensor Data on the A32 HMI to view the reactive power level Q and
open Display 3 Regulator Display to view the regulator state and Vref.
Ensure that QCC setting in HR 40066 is a non zero value.
Adjust excitation to set the reactive power to 50% (Qa) and note the value of Vref at
this excitation level (Vref_old).
Gradually change the QCC setpoint in HR 40066 to 0.
When the reactive power stabilises note the new value of Vref (Vref_new).
QCC = (100% / Qa [%]) * (Vref_new Vref_old) % = 2*(Vref_new Vref_old) %.
Verify that the calculated QCC agrees with the original QCC setting in HR 40066.
Reactive Load Rejection
(1)
Conditions Of Test
Ensure generator is online.
Ensure MVARs is at the rated value in the overexcited area of the capability diagram.
Ensure that command self centring switch is off (confirm self centring is off in Display
6 References of the A32 HMI), so that the terminal voltage following the load
rejection test (i.e. after breaker is opened) does not return to the nominal value.
(2)
Goal Of Test
To record the generator terminal voltage overshoot subsequent to rejection of rated
reactive load.
(3)
Relevant Parameter
Terminal voltage sensing Ut viewable as a percentage of the nominal voltage.
Reactive power Q also available on Display 1 Sensor Data as a percentage of the
rated MVA of the generator.
QCC setting in maintenance presets HR 40066 r11E QCC coefficient.
HR 40321 r16 Loop Gain of P controller (view in Holding Register Display).
(4)
Test Routine
Ensure that the turbine is running at rated load (rated active power).
Set the generator operating point close to the rated reactive power by adjusting the
voltage reference of the AVR.
Start the recording of Terminal Voltage (use r50 Ut Volts Sensing 0 120 under
Trending menu item in the A32 HMI window or an external chart recorder).
Switch the generator circuit breaker off.
Note: The internal analog data logging in the A32 can be used to record the voltage
transient during load rejection. The data logging can be triggered automatically when
the breaker is opened.
(5)
Test Results
Note the following results (see Figure 56)
Overshoot V = Vmax V1 = . %
Time of overshoot t = ms
Steady state value of Vt V2 = . %

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Value of loop gain r16 in Display 3 of A32 HMI =

As a guide, the difference between the voltage before load rejection test and the voltage
after the load rejection test can be worked out as:
Q
V1 V2 = QCC [%] x
Sn
100
(all values in [%])
+
r16
Where V1 is the terminal voltage prior to opening the breaker for load rejection test as %
of nominal voltage, V2 is the steady state voltage following the opening of the breaker
also as a % of nominal voltage, Q is the MVArs as a percentage of the rated MVA, Sn is
the rated MVA (i.e. 100%) and r16 is the value of loop gain in Display 3 Regulator
Display of the A32 HMI.
An example of reactive load rejection with zero QCC and voltage loop gain r16 of 30 is
shown in Figure 56. The terminal voltage dropped by 3% which is consistent with the
expression above.
Figure 56: Reactive Load Rejection Example

Note: If the generator is loaded and terminal voltage measurement fails (e.g. VT failure,
indicated by z055 = 1), then the AVR transfers regulation from the terminal voltage
regulation under load mode (j01=5) to the field current (If or Ife) regulation under
load mode (j01=14). When load rejection is carried out (generator breaker is opened)
the regulation mode transfers to the no load field current (If0 or Ife0) regulation
mode (j01=12). In this mode terminal voltage depends on the speed of the generator.
AVR must correct the Ife reference so that the terminal voltage Ut is in the allowable
range.
14.7
VAr And Power Factor Regulation

PF and VAr controllers use an integral control loop to set the Vref of the main voltage regulation
loop. When PF/VAr controllers are active, the main voltage control loop is in P regulation. Vref
set by PF/VAr controller is limited according to the values entered in maintenance presets HR
40084 r05 Voltage Reference Lower Limit when on grid and 40085 r06 Voltage Reference
Upper Limit when on grid. If Vref hits the Vref limit, it is indicated on Display 6 References of
the A32 HMI, and Vref change in that direction is inhibited and indicated on Display 6
References (label z10D).
All the limiters (those that are enabled) are also available when PF/VAr controller is active. If the
operating point hits one of the limiter boundaries, Vref cannot be adjusted any further.

14.7.1
Issue: C
Date: 5 August 2010
Page: 92 of 95
Check Of VAr Regulation

(1)
Conditions Of Test
Ensure generator is online.
Ensure regulation is in VAr control mode. The following states are possible in the VAr
control mode:
State 7 Local VAr Control adjusting VArRef using generator control panel
Raise/Lower switches.
State 9 VAr control to achieve Q = 0.
(2)
Goal Of Test
To check the transient response of the system to a step change of VArRef.
(3)
Relevant Parameters
VArs as a percentage of MVA of the generator (viewable on Display 1 Sensor Data
as Q)
VArRef (-10% < VArRef < 100%)
When in state 7, VArRef in HR 40317 r10 ZHQ VAr Reference is used. This is
also available for viewing on Display 6 References as VAr Ref r10.
When the state is 9, VArs is offloaded. VArRef is set to the value in preset HR
40092 r13* VAr Setpoint for VAr Shed .
The rate of change of VArRef is according to the setting in parameter HR40091 r11
Rate of change of VAR Reference entered as percentage change in VArs per second.
VAr control output deviation limit is as set in maintenance preset parameter HR 40094
r15 VAr Regulator Output Limit when internal VAr reference is used as a percentage
of the rated MVA of the generator.
VAr regulator integral time constant as entered in maintenance preset parameter HR
40099 r145 Integral time constant of PF Control Loop in seconds.
(4)
Test Routine
Open Display 1 Sensor Data of the A32 HMI to view the VAr on the machine
terminal. Open Display 6 References to view the VAr reference and the state of
operation of the regulator.
Ensure that the generator is online and that excitation is in VAr regulation mode (state
7).
Using Raise / Lower switch on the generator control panel change the VAr reference.
If rate of change of VAr reference is not appropriate adjust this by adjusting the
maintenance preset parameter HR40091.
If VAr Shed is selected (i.e. state is 9), (j01=9):
When excitation is in state 7, set adjust VAr reference such that the reactive power
Q is at 50% (view Q on Display 1 Sensor Data).
Set the VAr control deviation limits in parameter HR 40093 to 5%.
Set maintenance preset parameter HR 40099 r145 Integral time constant of PF
Control Loop to 10s.
Set maintenance preset parameter HR 40092 r13* VAr Setpoint if 'Excitation Off'
received when on the grid to 0. So that when VAr Shed is enabled VAr is
controlled to 0.
Turn the VAr Shed switch on the generator control panel to the ON position. State
should go from 7 to 9.
Record transient response of reactive power Q. Use the trending facility available
on the A32 HMI under the Trending menu item and select Q VArs (-100 to 100)
to view VArs.
Speed of regulation and overshoot can be tuned by combinations of the following
maintenance preset settings:
HR 40099 r145 Integral time constant of PF Control Loop.
HR 40094 r15 VAr Regulator Output Limit when internal VAr reference is used.

14.7.2
Issue: C
Date: 5 August 2010
Page: 93 of 95
Check Of PF Regulation
(1)
Conditions Of Test
Ensure generator is online and that regulation is in Power Factor Regulation mode
(state 10)
(2)
Goal Of Test
To check the transient response of the system to a step change in PF reference.
To check the quality of regulation of the PF controller.
(3)
Relevant Parameters
Power factor measurement (see pf (cos fi) on Display 1 Sensor Data of the A32
HMI).
Power factor reference PFRef in HR 40318 r18 ZHcosfi PF Reference.
The PFRef limits in the following maintenance preset parameters:
HR 40097 r1A Limit of PF Reference in the Underexcited Area.*)
HR 40098 r1B Limit of PF Reference in Overexcited Area.*)
Note: *) power factor is signed to distinguish whether operation is in overexcitation
or underexcitation area of the capability diagram. Power factor in the over-excited
region is represented by a positive number and PF in the underexcited region is
represented by a negative number.
Rate of change of pf reference in maintenance preset parameter HR 40095 r19 Rate

of change of PF Reference.
PF control deviation limit, which is the same as the VAr control deviation limit, in
maintenance preset parameter HR 40094 r15 VAr Regulator Output Limit when
internal VAr reference is used.
Maintenance preset parameter HR 40099 r145 Integral time constant of PF Control
Loop in seconds.
(4)
Test Routine
Ensure generator is loaded and excitation is in PF control mode of operation (state
10).
Open Display 1 Sensor Data on the A32 HMI window to view the measured pf and
open Display 6 References to view the PFRef.
Using Raise/Lower switches on the generator control panel change PFref.
If speed of PFRef change is not appropriate, change rate of change of PFref
(parameter HR 40095) to obtain the desired speed of PFRef adjustment.
Set the PF regulation integral time constant in maintenance preset parameter HR
40099 to 10 s.
Set PFref so that it is -0.99.
Apply a positive step on VRef so that PF changes from -0.99 (under-excited) to +0.98
(over-excited).
Record transient response of reactive power Q. Use the trending facility on the A32
HMI window.
The required speed of regulation and overshoot can be tuned by adjusting the
following maintenance preset settings:
HR 40099 r145 Integral time constant of PF Control Loop.
PF control deviation limit in HR 40094 r15 VAr Regulator Output Limit when
internal VAr reference is used.

15
SPARE PARTS
S963428326
S963478107
Issue: C
Date: 5 August 2010
Page: 94 of 95
2A Fuse (set of 8)
20A Fuse (set of 8)

16
Issue: C
Date: 5 August 2010
Page: 95 of 95
ATTACHMENTS & DRAWINGS

The following documents are attached as separate additional pages:
TI-BEM-0219
A32 Holding Registers
963579300
963604200
963604900
963615600
963647700
Circuit Diagram, A32 Excitation Controller (Typical)

Connection Diagram, A32 Excitation Controller
Rear Connector Plug Marking, A32 Excitation Controller
General Arrangement, A32 Excitation Controller
Circuit Diagram, A32 Excitation Controller (Configuration B)
TECHNICAL
INFORMATION
TI-BEM-0219
1 Overview
The A32 Holding Registers, as seen below, can be accessed via SCADA Comms.
The SCADA Comms is linked to the front panel PC, which communicates to the individual AVR units. The
front panel PC will hold the data, as described in section 4 below, from the active AVR unit. Two further
records will be created to hold data from the Main AVR and Standby AVR (HReg41XXX and HReg42XXX
respectively). The external SCADA Comms system can request Holding Registers as required using the
appropriate protocol (e.g. Modbus TCP and EGD as standard).
2 Modbus TCP Protocol Support Overview

The A32 supports a subset of the MODBUS TCP Protocol (function codes 3 and 6). It will act as a
MODBUS Server. On the reception of a MODBUS request this module activates a local action to read or
write data. The processing of these actions is done totally transparently for the application programmer.
The main MODBUS server functions are to wait for a MODBUS request on 502 TCP port, to treat this
request and then to build a MODBUS response depending on device context.
The A32 will support two concurrent connections. In normal operation a given connection will remain open
over multiple request/response sequences, so as to avoid unnecessary overhead in creating/destroying
connection too frequently. In the event of infrequent MODBUS activity, the TCP port will be configured with
the 'Keep-Alive' mechanism enabled, the time-out values are to be configurable. If no response is received
to 8 consecutive probes, the A32 will reset that MODBUS Server and wait for a new connection.
Each TCP connection will only support one pending request; that is, multiple simultaneous requests will not
be supported at this time.
Exception codes 1,2 and 3 will be supported - Illegal Function Code, Illegal Data Address, Illegal Data
Value.
3 EGD Protocol Support Overview

The A32 supports both the Producer and Consumer roles defined by the EGD protocol, with one Exchange
definition for each role.
Exchange definitions are defined in plain text files stored on the A32. In addition, a plain text configuration
file defines the Producer and Consumer IDs required by the EGD protocol. The A32 software loads these
files at start up.
The Produced Exchange Definition defines the set of holding registers for which periodic updates are
produced.
The Consumed Exchange is used to send commands to the A32, to change setpoints for example.
The EGD configuration Producer and Consumer IDs, and exchange definitions are loaded at start up from
plain text files.
Revision:
Date:
Created by:
Approved by:
A
27/03/2006
APK/IM
RTJ
B
05/05/2006
REH & APK
RTJ
C
07/08/2006
APK & ADR
RTJ
D
06/03/2008
ACP/APK
RTJ
E
20/102008
APK
RTJ
F
15/12/2009
ACP/APK
RTJ
Page 1 of 7
This document is property of Brush Electrical Machines Ltd. / Brush HMA b.v. / Brush SEM s.r.o. All rights reserved.
Form 3275-2004
TECHNICAL
INFORMATION
TI-BEM-0219
A32 as Producer
The Produced Exchange Definition defines the set of holding registers making up a produced EGD packet.
The available holding registers are listed in sections 4.3, 4.4 and 4.5 below. Note that some registers are
actually collections of 16 single bit values. An Exchange Definition can include individual single bit values
from these registers as required. The rate at which data is produced is fixed (but can be made configurable
if required).
When a packet is produced, the data is read from a local cache held within the EGD process. The cached
data is periodically refreshed approx every 50ms with operational data from the AVR units.
A32 as Consumer
In the Consumer role, received packets are assumed to contain a command to modify A32 operational
data. Any particular consumed packet can contain only one such command. Packets containing no
commands or more than one command are ignored.
A command can be used to change a single bit values (as in section 4.2 below) or change a set point (as in
section 4.3).
The Consumer Exchange Definition is used to define the format used for the different types of command.
Revision:
Date:
Created by:
Approved by:
A
27/03/2006
APK/IM
RTJ
B
05/05/2006
REH & APK
RTJ
C
07/08/2006
APK & ADR
RTJ
D
06/03/2008
ACP/APK
RTJ
E
20/102008
APK
RTJ
F
15/12/2009
ACP/APK
RTJ
Page 2 of 7
Form 3275-2004
TECHNICAL
INFORMATION
TI-BEM-0219
4 Holding Register List

4.1
Format of registers
For Holding Registers as analog numbers

HReg, Slave Number, Register Number,,Description, Value1 Unscaled, Value 1 Scaled, Value 2 Unscaled,
Value 2 Scaled, Number of Decimal Places to Display, Engineering Units
For Holding Register bit fields..
Hbit, Slave Number, Register Number,Bit Number, Description, False State, True State
Revision:
Date:
Created by:
Approved by:
A
27/03/2006
APK/IM
RTJ
B
05/05/2006
REH & APK
RTJ
C
07/08/2006
APK & ADR
RTJ
D
06/03/2008
ACP/APK
RTJ
E
20/102008
APK
RTJ
F
15/12/2009
ACP/APK
RTJ
Page 3 of 7
Form 3275-2004
TECHNICAL
INFORMATION
4.2
TI-BEM-0219
Registers used to receive commands via comms
HBit,134,40001,0,Mode Selection Via Comms, Normal, Activate

HBit,134,40001,1,Local/Remote Switch select Remote, Activate
HBit,134,40002,0,Mode Selection Via Comms, Normal, Deactivate

HBit,134,40002,1, Local/Remote Switch select Remote, Normal, Deactivate
Activate Modules via Comms

Hbit,134,40010,0,PF Control Activate,Normal,Activate
Hbit,134,40010,1,VAr Control Activate,Normal,Activate
Hbit,134,40010,2,VAr Shed Activate,Normal,Activate
Hbit,134,40010,3,spare
Hbit,134,40010,4,Reset Monitors Request via comms,Normal,Activate
Hbit,134,40010,5,Self Centre Voltage Request via comms,Normal,Activate
HBit,134,40010,6,PSS Blocking,Normal,Enable
HBit,134,40010,7,VRef via Comms Activate,Normal,Enable
[Note 1]
HBit,134,40010,8,IfeRef via Comms Activate,Normal,Enable
[Note 2]
Deactivate Modules via Comms

Hbit,134,40011,0,PF Control Deactivate,Normal,Deactivate
Hbit,134,40011,1,VAr Control Deactivate,Normal,Deactivate
Hbit,134,40011,2,VAr Shed Deactivate,Normal,Deactivate
Hbit,134,40011,3,spare
Hbit,134,40011,4,Reset Monitors Request via comms,Normal,Deactivate
Hbit,134,40011,5,Self Centre Voltage Request via comms,Normal,Deactivate
HBit,134,40011,6, PSS Blocking,Normal,Disable
HBit,134,40011,7,VRef via Comms Activate,Normal, Deactivate
HBit,134,40011,8,IfeRef via Comms Activate,Normal, Deactivate
4.3
Registers containing setpoints which can be changed via comms:
HReg,134,40016,,VRef via Comms,0,0,12000,120,2,%

HReg,134,40017,,IfeRef via Comms,0,0,20000,200,2,%
HReg,134,40018,,PFRef via Comms,-100,-1,100,1,2,
HReg,134,40019,,VArRef via Comms,-10000,-100,10000,100,2,%
Revision:
Date:
Created by:
Approved by:
A
27/03/2006
APK/IM
RTJ
B
05/05/2006
REH & APK
RTJ
C
07/08/2006
APK & ADR
RTJ
D
06/03/2008
ACP/APK
RTJ
E
20/102008
APK
RTJ
F
15/12/2009
ACP/APK
RTJ
Page 4 of 7
Form 3275-2004
TECHNICAL
INFORMATION
4.4
TI-BEM-0219
Registers containing analog variables which are viewable via comms
HReg,134,40030,,r50 Volts Sensing,0,0,12000,120,2,%

HReg,134,40031,,r53 Line Amp Sensing,0,0,12000,120,2,%
HReg,134,40032,,r58 Ife Exciter Field Current Sensing (%Ifn),-20000,-200,20000,200,2,%
(Note: nominal exciter field current Ifn is exciter field current required to have nominal line Amps)
HReg,134,40033,,r54 Watts,0,0,11000,110,2,%
HReg,134,40034,,r55 Q VArs,-11000,-110,11000,110,2,%
HReg,134,40035,,S VoltAmps,0,0,11000,110,2,%
HReg,134,40036,,r5F Frequency of Power converter supply (PMG Freq.),0,0,12000,120,2,%
HReg,134,40037,,f Terminal Frequency,0,0,12000,120,2,%
HReg,134,40038,, Ambient Temperature Sensing,-200,-20,600,60,1,C
HReg,134,40039,, AVR Operating State,0,0,21,21,1,
HReg,134,40040,, r150 Nominal Generator Terminal Voltage, 0,0,32000,32000,0,V
HReg,134,40041,, r153 Rated Terminal Current (A),0,0,32000,32000,0,A
HReg,134,40042,, r154 Rated MW/MVAr,0,0,20000,2000,1,MVA
HReg,134,40043,, r158 Rated Exciter Field Current Ife,0,0,1000,100,1,A
4.5
Register bit fields viewable via COMMS:
Hbit,134,40050,0,z218 Raise (Command for all references) ,No,Yes

HBit,134,40050,1,z219 Lower (Command for all references) ,No,Yes
HBit,134,40051,0,PF Control Active via Switches,Normal,Active
HBit,134,40051,1,VAr Control Active via Switches,Normal,Active
HBit,134,40051,2,Self Centre Active via Switches,Normal,Active
HBit,134,40051,3,VAr Shed Active via Switches,Normal,Active
HBit,134,40051,4,PF Control Active via Comms,Normal,Active
HBit,134,40051,5,VAr Control Active via Comms,Normal,Active
HBit,134,40051,6,Self Centre Active via Comms,Normal,Active
HBit,134,40051,7,Var Shed Active via Comms,Normal,Active
HBit,134,40051,8,Diode Failure Detected,Normal,Failure
HBit,134,40051,9,Control via Comms activated
HBit,134,40051,10, Control via Comms requested by remote device
HBit,134,40051,11, Control via Comms enabled locally
Revision:
Date:
Created by:
Approved by:
A
27/03/2006
APK/IM
RTJ
B
05/05/2006
REH & APK
RTJ
C
07/08/2006
APK & ADR
RTJ
D
06/03/2008
ACP/APK
RTJ
E
20/102008
APK
RTJ
F
15/12/2009
ACP/APK
RTJ
Page 5 of 7
Form 3275-2004
TECHNICAL
INFORMATION
TI-BEM-0219
HBit,134,40051,12, Ife Control requested via comms

HBit,134,40051,13, Voltage Control requested via comms
HBit,134,40052,0,Controller A Operating Status,Standby,Controlling
HBit,134,40052,1,Controller B Operating Status,Standby,Controlling
HBit,134,40052,2,Controller A Voltage Control Mode,Inactive,Active
HBit,134,40052,3,Controller B Voltage Control Mode,Inactive,Active
HBit,134,40052,4,Controller A Ife Control Mode,Inactive,Active
HBit,134,40052,5,Controller B Ife Control Mode,Inactive,Active
HBit,134,40053,0,PSS Enabled Status,PSS Disabled,PSS Enabled
HBit,134,40053,1,PSS Blocking Status,PSS Unblocked,PSS Blocked
HBit,134,40053,2,PSS Operating Status,PSS Not Operating,PSS Operating
HBit,134,40054,0,z102 Fast OEL Status,Inactive,Active
Hbit,134,40054,1,z103 OEL Status,Inactive,Active
Hbit,134,40054,2,z105 Fast SCL Status,Inactive,Active
Hbit,134,40054,3,z106 SCL in Overexcited Region Status,Inactive,Active
Hbit,134,40054,4,z107 SCL in Underexcited Region Status,Inactive,Active
Hbit,134,40054,5,z108 UEL Status,Inactive,Active
Hbit,134,40054,6,z10A Max. Terminal Voltage Limiter Status,Inactive,Active
Hbit,134,40054,7,z10C V/f Limiter Status,Inactive,Active
Hbit,134,40055,0,z133 U/f Monitor Status,Inactive,Active
Hbit,134,40055,1,z135 Utmax MON Status,Inactive,Active
Hbit,134,40055,2,z137 Utmin MON Status,Inactive,Active
Hbit,134,40055,3,z13A OEM Output Status,Inactive,Active
Hbit,134,40055,4,z13C UEM Status,Inactive,Active
Hbit,134,40056,0,Sensing Failure,Healthy,Failure
Hbit,134,40056,1,Control Failure,Healthy,Failure
Hbit,134,40056,2,Regulator Failure,Healthy,Failure
Hbit,134,40056,3,RectifierFailure,Healthy,Failure
Hbit,134,40056,4,Rotating Rectifier Failure,Healthy,Failure
Hbit,134,40056,5,Field Circuit Breaker Failure,Healthy,Failure
Hbit,134,40056,6,Over Excitation Protection Failure,Healthy,Failure
Hbit,134,40056,7,Earth Protection Failure,Healthy,Failure
Revision:
Date:
Created by:
Approved by:
A
27/03/2006
APK/IM
RTJ
B
05/05/2006
REH & APK
RTJ
C
07/08/2006
APK & ADR
RTJ
D
06/03/2008
ACP/APK
RTJ
E
20/102008
APK
RTJ
F
15/12/2009
ACP/APK
RTJ
Page 6 of 7
Form 3275-2004
TECHNICAL
INFORMATION
TI-BEM-0219
Note 1
PSS Blocking will be reset if the A32 is powered down.
The remote device must reset this bit to the required state when the comms is recovered if it is desirable to
have this status to persist over power down/up events.
During the commissioning stage PSS will be enabled if it is required. This is done by setting commissioning
preset HR40036 to 18. The PSS Blocking facility provided here is intended for disabling PSS temporarily. If
it is required for the PSS to be disabled permanently then commissioning preset HR40036 should be set to
2 from the Brush HMI or the local operator console.
PSS blocking facility is only active when online. When machine is offline, PSS blocking will not be possible.
However, PSSs own diagnostics disables itself.
Note 2
When this is selected control will not transfer to manual mode. This is different to selecting Volts/PF/Var/Ife
control/ Var Shed control via comms when control will actually transfer to these modes.
Manual control is only selected by failure diagnostics in AVR but once in manual mode Ife Ref can be
changed via comms after enabling Ife Control via comms.
Revision:
Date:
Created by:
Approved by:
A
27/03/2006
APK/IM
RTJ
B
05/05/2006
REH & APK
RTJ
C
07/08/2006
APK & ADR
RTJ
D
06/03/2008
ACP/APK
RTJ
E
20/102008
APK
RTJ
F
15/12/2009
ACP/APK
RTJ
Page 7 of 7
Form 3275-2004

Manual AVR A32

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Instruction Manual

PRISMIC A32 EXCITATION CONTROLLER

Manual No: TP0001096 Issue: C

BRUSH Electrical Machines Ltd.

PRISMIC A32 EXCITATION CONTROLLER

Date: 5 August 2010

BRUSH Electrical Machines Ltd. 2010

PRISMIC A32 EXCITATION CONTROLLER

Date: 5 August 2010

TP0001096 (C) PRISMIC A32 Excitation Controller.doc

BRUSH Electrical Machines Ltd. 2010

PRISMIC A32 EXCITATION CONTROLLER

Date: 5 August 2010

TP0001096 (C) PRISMIC A32 Excitation Controller.doc

BRUSH Electrical Machines Ltd. 2010

PRISMIC A32 EXCITATION CONTROLLER

Date: 5 August 2010

Mandatory Notice - Instruction to be followed.

Danger, General - Caution to be exercised. Appropriate safety measures to be taken.

Danger, Electricity - Caution to be exercised. Appropriate safety measures to be taken.

Danger, Harmful or Irritating - Caution to be exercised. Appropriate safety measures to be

It is important that any persons responsible for equipment installation,

How To Use the Manual

TP0001096 (C) PRISMIC A32 Excitation Controller.doc

BRUSH Electrical Machines Ltd. 2010

PRISMIC A32 EXCITATION CONTROLLER

Date: 5 August 2010

Copies & Revisions

TP0001096 (C) PRISMIC A32 Excitation Controller.doc

BRUSH Electrical Machines Ltd. 2010

PRISMIC A32 EXCITATION CONTROLLER

Date: 5 August 2010

Company Web Site: http://www.brush.eu

IMPROPER USE of ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT IS HAZARDOUS.

TP0001096 (C) PRISMIC A32 Excitation Controller.doc

BRUSH Electrical Machines Ltd. 2010

PRISMIC A32 EXCITATION CONTROLLER

Date: 5 August 2010

TP0001096 (C) PRISMIC A32 Excitation Controller.doc

BRUSH Electrical Machines Ltd. 2010

PRISMIC A32 EXCITATION CONTROLLER

Date: 5 August 2010

TP0001096 (C) PRISMIC A32 Excitation Controller.doc

BRUSH Electrical Machines Ltd. 2010

PRISMIC A32 EXCITATION CONTROLLER

Date: 5 August 2010

INTRODUCING THE PRISMIC A32 EXCITATION CONTROLLER

Figure 1: A32 Excitation Controller Scheme

TP0001096 (C) PRISMIC A32 Excitation Controller.doc

BRUSH Electrical Machines Ltd. 2010

PRISMIC A32 EXCITATION CONTROLLER

Date: 5 August 2010

Max. 10 second output current:

Excitation supply voltage:

a.c. 110V to 330V single phase

Control circuitry supply voltage:

a.c. 115V to 270V single phase

(a.c. and d.c. supplies may be used together for

24Vdc +15%, -20% or 110/125Vdc +15%

Nominal sensing voltage:

100V to 120V selectable in 0.1V steps

Voltage sensing phases:

Three phase with single phase option

Voltage sensing input burden: